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Project Admission

Much has been said about the state of decentralised applications (dApps) recently. Most has been negative, stating that have, in general, not lived up to the promises from the halcyon visions outlaid in ICO whitepapers. Have these commentators been too quick to judge? Or, are they right and dApps are but a fickle endeavour? Well the truth, as usual, probably rests somewhere between both camps. Perhaps, at this point in time, we should remember the old adage that wasn’t build in a day… dApps Constantinople , Uber similar and the digital freelancing platform UpWork took nearly twenty years, three mergers and tens of millions of dollars to get where it is today. Most of these dApps have only been around for less than a year. It took AirBnb almost four years to crack 1m users Also, although a lot of dApps have impressive unique selling propositions (USPs), they also have more hurdles to jump than ‘normal startups’. This blog will look to explore some of these hurdles and discuss techniques to overcome them on the way to sustainable growth. It will explore the following issues to adoption: Admission barriers Volatility Marketing and Messaging Technology and scaling issues Design This is not the exhaustive list but covers most of the major factors. Most of the examples given throughout relate to the decentralised freelance platform , however, they can be extrapolated across all dApps. CanWork CanWork (note the Yellow icon indicating the user is currently not connected to the ETH mainnet) The payment admission barrier One of the first challenges faced by a dApp is that of admission. That is, for most dApps, you need the project’s native token to actually use the platform. Although this is good for the cryptoeconomics of the project ecosystem, it is bad for adoption as it creates a high barrier to entry. Below is generally the process a potential new user, from outside of the ICO community, faces before they can use most dApps: Register Dammit! I need the native token to use the platform Stop registration Transfer ETH (or similar) to an exchange Wait Convert ETH to the native platform token Wait Transfer the native token out of the exchange to a supported wallet Wait Register with wallet Use platform Or if the potential user has never used or heard of cryptocurrency it might look more like this: Register What the hell is a token? Metamask….WTF? Close window and get lost down a three hour … YouTube black hole Note: The above example is parodied very well in the video below: Compare this to a new user for more traditional website/application: Register (with google, facebook etc and credit card details) Use platform If you can get your potential users to stay the course from step 1–11 then well done. However, clearly, dApps need to work harder to be more like the traditional website/application experience. Most of the awareness for the dApp will have come from some type of token generation event. Although this is good for creating a strong initial community of token holders, many of these token holders may be speculating on the token’s price and will not use the platform at all. Even if ten thousand ICO community members use the platform (more than infrequently) it will generally not be enough to sustain the ecosystem in the long term. Therefore, it is critical for the project to allow wider (and easier) admission into the project ecosystem as soon as possible. The most logical first step in this journey is to move from allowing only native token holders into the platform to allowing into the platform. At least these participants are familiar with cryptocurrencies and the values of a decentralised platform. This is represented below by moving from Stage 1 to Stage 2 (these Venn diagrams pertain to in it’s quest to onboard digital freelancers). all cryptocurrency holders CanWork An educated guess would put the number of cryptocurrency users across the globe north of 30–40 million. In particular, cryptocurrency is starting to gain serious traction in nations with tumultuous economies: Therefore, by moving from stage 1 to stage 2 your users (or those that don’t have to go from step 1–11) go from 10,000 (being generous) to 40 million. An expansion factor of 4000; not too bad considering this step is not overly complicated.. potential There are many ways to go from Stage 1 to 2. Popular methods include (for ERC20), kyber, changelly, shapeshift etc — however these methods require your users to leave your platform and then, hopefully, return. Another solution is which the development team will be releasing at the end of October 2018. This will allow platform users to seamlessly convert a large range of cryptocurrencies into the $CAN token without fees or having to leave the platform. This will of course be open-source so check out our closer to the release date. Feel free to copy it for your project and claim it as your own :) Bancor CanExchange CanYa github By using CanExchange (or other similar products) the user on-boarding journey has now been seriously truncated to look like this: Register Dammit! I need the native token to use the platform Nice, I’ll use CanExchange to convert some crypto in my wallet to $CAN tokens and register. Use platform Being at stage 2 of the dApp release adoption process will allow your project to consolidate the product and grow. Projects at stage 2 should find complementary projects to partner with. Ideally you can combine user-bases and solve each others problems and both ecosystems will prosper. However, the real growth and ability for dApps to steal market share from their fiat competitors won’t come until widespread crypto adoption, or, a solution is found for getting fiat on and off ramps for your dApp in an efficient manner. Obviously the former is happening, but not fast enough, therefore, the latter needs to be the focus of dApp projects. By getting to Stage 3 your potential customer base looks more like the diagram below: Also, your on-boarding process is now basically the same as any other web platform or application. There are many third party platforms and plug-ins working to help dApps get to stage 3. However, at this stage they are costly and have a poor UX which removes a large part of the dApps USP. Having said that, t If a low fee, user friendly solution for a dApp to have fiat on/off ramps is released then the potential for large scale dApp adoption could change overnight. here are some promising solutions in this space. The volatility issue… Another major barrier for dApp adoption is the awkward issue of cryptocurrency volatility. Token price volatility (both up and down), is the very reason most speculators and ICO participants hold the token. Yet, ironically, it is one of the reasons the projects can’t grow a user base. No one really wants to trade goods or services when the agreed upon value of those goods or services (in relative terms) could double, or halve, within a week. A visual representation of cryptocurrency volatility throughout 2017 Sure, there are plenty of of developing nations (or countries with poor economic health) moving to cryptocurrency payments as it is but, for most of the world’s population this is not the case. great stories less volatile than their national currency, dApp projects will need to find a solution to this issue. dApps for the sale of goods are generally not as affected as the price of the good is transferred at the point of sale. It can then be converted to fiat or held in crypto at the whim of the merchant. But what about for dApps that deal with transactions or services that occur over a time period? Usually, to stop bad actors, this type of transaction will require credit card pre-authorisation or some type of escrow. For a dApp using cryptocurrency, the former is not available and the latter opens up significant volatility issues. When the platform’s token price changes the relative value of the escrow will also change. As an example let’s use the case of a web designer creating a page for someone through a digital freelancing dApp. The webpage design will take the service provider two weeks. Now, in this two weeks the usual trope of FUD causing headlines have permeated across reddit causing a bear market. Let’s go with subsequently (despite having no logical correlation to any of the above) the dApp’s token has lost 40% of it’s value. Therefore, the escrowed funds for the new webpage are also worth 40% less in relative terms. Does this mean the client has to now top it up with more funds? Or does the web developer get the short end of the bargain and lose 40% of the job value meaning they are no longer motivated to finish the job? As you can see this very real world problem has significant drawbacks for both parties. “US tax time, Chinese banning, exchange hacking, Mt Gox wallet moving shorter feeding frenzy” One solution to the above is to have a stable escrow. Ideally this is trustless and done in a decentralised manner. . This mechanism ensures that a job’s value stays consistent, relative to USD, (or gold in a future development) while the funds are held in escrow. It does this through a series of smart contracts using The CanYa team have just implemented such a mechanism with the ‘hedged escrow’ DAI and Bancor. You can read about it here: _CanYa has built the first hedged-escrow system for crypto assets. This is a significant technical milestone and is…_medium.com CanYa releases ‘hedged escrow’ to protect platform users from price volatility Or see it visually below: This now means token holders still have the potential upside of $CAN once platform adoption grows but those booking jobs don’t have to worry about any short term volatility. Again, this is open source so we encourage other dApps to go ahead and see if they can implement something similar in their platforms. Here’s the github link. Marketing and Messaging One hard truth that dApp projects and their teams need to face is that for potential users outside of the cryptocurrency space: No one cares that your platform is decentralised… This is not a USP in itself. A decentralised platform will allow you to do amazing things that you wouldn’t be able to do otherwise, however, your messaging needs to focus on those amazing things. It should not get bogged down in the esoteric terminology and rhetoric that pervades the cryptocurrency world. Many people outside of this space, at this point in time, don’t really care. Why would someone who has happily used a centralised, fiat based platform for years want to use your platform? Saying because it is ‘decentralised’ or that it uses cryptocurrency (which they may not have any interest in) is simply not enough. Like any technology, most of the world doesn’t care about cryptocurrency if it provides them no benefit Let’s again return to , a platform designed for digital freelancers all over the world to use. It will eventually operate via a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) and uses cryptocurrency, however, we will focus on all of the amazing things those facts mean for the users of the platform rather than those facts themselves. CanWork By operating via a DAO and using cryptocurrency CanWork will: Be 20x cheaper to use than incumbents Mean the roughly 2 billionn ‘un-banked’ people of the world (who are indeed adopting cryptocurrency) can access the freelance economy, which has been dubbed the ‘industrial revolution of our time’ Access your data via secure third party platforms meaning no data hacks or spills. Allow trans-border payments 24/7/365 with tiny fees in a universal currency Always be user-focussed as more users means price appreciation in $CAN which is what those running the DAO are incentivised with plus much much more. The above USPs are what the CanYa team’s messaging will focus on for those using competing platforms. Let’s briefly focus on the price angle. This is a reddit post from an UpWork user (one of CanWork’s main competitors) CanWork will be 20x cheaper for freelancers as it uses a tokenomic model and cryptocurrency. The potential users don’t need to know why it’s 20x cheaper, just the fact that it is. As long as the CanWork dApp is close to feature parity with incumbents the reduction in fees should be enough to convert large numbers of users across. Graphics like the below can convey this message easily: All freelancers are business operators. Therefore, if we can offer a service that reduces their fees by a factor of 20 it means more money for their pockets and most likely cheaper prices for the clients booking them. This is one of the major selling points the CanYa team will focus on when bringing in users from the world of fiat. Technology and Scaling The vast majority of dApps are based on an underlying protocol. This has mostly been Ethereum but new players such as EOS, Zilliqa, Stellar are claiming more favourable conditions for future dApp deployment. No matter what protocol a project decides to build their dApp on there are inherent limitations with the technology of today. One of the most common problems is the ability for a protocol to handle a large amounts of users. Congestion at times of high usage can bring the entire network (and any dApps build on top of it) to a grinding halt. Inspiring stuff… One classic example of this is the cryptokitties craze of late 2017. Almost overnight this fad brought the Ethereum network to its knees. Gas prices This meant that every dApp on the network required its users to pay 16x the fees they were paying the day before or have their requests wallow in the mempool thus rendering the dApp unusable. This was (and still is) the most widely used dApp of all time. Want to guess how many users it took to bring the entire network to a near standstill? As a comparison most readers will acknowledge the seamless experience you may have using Until dApps and their associated protocols can operate at this type of scale, or at least close, they will struggle to get the adoption they are aspiring to. increased by a factor of 16! Merely 27,000. Facebook, despite it having over 1,000,000,000 users every day. Transactions stuck in the mempool in the four days it took cryptokitties to get to 27k users in December 2017 This is not to say that all hope is lost, not by any means. Even Ethereum (considered the premier smart contract protocol) has significant scaling solutions on the horizon. The problem they have is trying to solve the ‘ trilemma’, that is the competing goals of being secure, decentralised scalable. Most protocols only achieve two of these three goals. There are many protocols out there making big claims (which they may be able to back up). blockchain and Thankfully, significant progress is being made by a number of projects and very smart people in the space. while other networks have their own approaches. The take home point is that this technology is improving everyday and so is the potential for a dApp that can one day compete, in usage terms, with the current tech giants of the world. Layer 2 and sharding technology could be the answer for Ethereum Design (or lack thereof) The final point I will discuss is design. This is an incredibly important and often overlooked (particularly in the crypto space) aspect of any successful product. Currently the user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) for most dApps out there is terrible. The crypto/blockchain space has an overt emphasis on core technology which seems to lead to a neglect, or aversion, of anything to do with design principles. This has created platforms that people either can’t, or don’t want to use, even amongst cryptocurrencies biggest advocates. There is a reason there are around 40 million cryptocurrency holders yet most dApps struggle to break over 1000 daily users. Although it would be misleading to claim that this is all due to poor design, it is definitely a factor. Most of the most successful software products of today are all distinguished by having fantastic design. . Sure, designing your way around some of the difficulties that come with this technology takes time, however, it must be done. Putting out the next killer dApp idea on the world’s fastest blockchain is completely wasted if new users can’t intuitively use it. This is even more pertinent in today’s society where attention spans and patience for new technology is very low. Until more focus is given to dApp users having a great interface and experience, adoption will be slow. Please don’t let your amazing idea or technology go to waste; create something that is also enjoyable to use for the layman! A great example of this is AirBnb, a platform that was actually created by designers, not software engineers Finishing thoughts In my opinion it is too early to judge the performance or future success of dApps. Sure, many have not lived up to some of the hype, but, is it realistic to think they would be knocking on the doors of Uber, AirBnb and UpWork within one year of their ICO finishing? There are many internal and external factors that need to be solved before they can have a real shot at taking on the big guys. As a side note, it is often ironic to see people espousing all of the amazing tech behind a new protocol and how good it will be for the applications built on top of it, then, in the very same breath say that dApps are but an illusion and will most likely never work. If the latter is true, why bother with the former? Barriers to entry, volatility, messaging, technology limitations and poor design are all contributing factors; but there are others. But, hope is not lost. Many dApp projects have learnt these lessons and are furiously working at ingenious ways to overcome them. dApps will get there but maybe we just need to give them a little more time? I would love to hear your thoughts and comments. Disagree entirely? Have some other factors you believe contribute to lack of adoption? Throw them in the comments below.

The Decentralized Application Adoption Problem

CollegePrep: Free College Prep for All We are seeking volunteer contributors to assist with the CollegePrep initiative. This project is to help ensure that every high school student, regardless of their background, has a fair shot at getting into the college of their choosing. One of our fundamental beliefs is that top tier standardized test prep resources should be available to everyone and should not be limited by ZIP code, socioeconomic status, etc. We realize money plays a big role in college admissions. Millions of dollars are going into standardized test preparation and specialized college admission , putting students from low socioeconomic status and traditionally underserved students at a disadvantage. Students that attend underfunded and underperforming public schools suffer the most from the lack of adequate test prep resources and college admission guidance. consulting This is well documented — here are some examples (just the tip of the iceberg): How I Learned to Take the SAT Like a Rich Kid https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/opinion/how-i-learned-to-take-the-sat-like-a-rich-kid.html How much would you pay to get your kid into Ivy League? https://www.today.com/money/how-much-would-you-pay-get-your-kid-ivy-league-1D80283149 The High School Guidance Counselor Shortage http://nation.time.com/2013/12/03/the-high-school-guidance-counselor-shortage/ The Undervaluing of School Counselors https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/the-neglected-link-in-the-high-school-to-college-pipeline/500213/ How you can help: CollegePrep develops videos on best practices for taking the ACT/SAT and shares them online, free of charge. Video content includes explaining how to solve ACT/SAT practice problems from official testmaker guides (student-led), and teaching relevant fundamental concepts (teacher-led). Our goal is to this material in partnership with and across the U.S. This approach of crowdsourcing material is somewhat unique in the sector (well-known approach for open-source software). We think this is needed to create 100s of hours of content that can be useful to all high school students across the U.S. Our goal is to create high quality baseline content that can be used by all, including organizations. We are actively partnering with likeminded organizations to further develop and distribute our content. crowdsource the private sector, nonprofits, students, teachers secondary education guidance counselors education According to National Center for Education Statistics, in fall 2017 there are in grades 9 through 12. Also, about 3.6 million students are expected to graduate from high school in 2017–18; these student will immediately benefit from our services. This content should be useful to everyone that is preparing for these standardized exams, but especially for those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, this content is non-competitive with other non-profits and could be used as a supplement with other test prep materials or by itself. This content can also be useful for school districts, public schools, and non-profit organizations alike. 15.1 million public school students We are requesting volunteers to help us with video content (all contributions are virtual). Your contribution could consist of videos of you walking through practice problems/ foundational concepts, providing personal tips and insights along the way. Your contribution could be as short as a 10 minute video! Check out an example from one of our contributors: Furthermore, check out our Youtube channel for the latest content: _Sign in now to see your channels and recommendations!_www.youtube.com CollegePrep If you are a interested in contributing, please use this ( ) to sign up. student link https://goo.gl/qpRwvQ If you are a interested in contributing, please use this ( ) to sign up. teacher link https://goo.gl/dZMJeV We have over 200 sign ups, and 15+ hours of content to date (11.9.17). In partnership with the , these videos are sent to 57,000+ high schools across the country along with other college prep material each fall! Fair Opportunity Project Why: A 10–20% increase in ACT/SAT scores can make a big impact for students from low socio-economic status in terms of much needed scholarship dollars, college admissions, etc. We want to develop prep content that is of high quality and easily accessible to all, at no cost. Multiple silos, comprised of public schools and various non-profit organizations all across the country, are spending millions of dollars to assist students from low socioeconomic backgrounds; we are trying to bring all of these under one roof and open source all the content. Please reach out to me if you have any questions at . Feel free to forward this on to whomever you think may be interested and/or share it widely on social media. raul[dot]aguilera[at]edufp[dot]org

Open-source SAT/ACT Prep Project

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Berrenur Saylam; (2) Ozlem Durmaz ¨ ˙Incel. Table of Links Highlights Abstract & Introduction Federated Learning: Collaborative and Privacy-Preserving Model Training State of the Art Federated Learning Software Platforms and Testbeds Sensors and Edge-Sensing Devices Federated Learning Applications on Sensing Devices Discussion Conclusions, Acknowledgment, and References 7. Conclusion This paper has provided an overview of the current state-of-the-art FL methodologies applied to sensing devices, focusing on IoT sensors, mobile devices, and wearables. By examining the challenges and opportunities in applying FL to sensing tasks, the paper aims to inspire further research in this domain. The discussion section has raised several important points for consideration. It highlighted the need to address the asynchrony in FL, leverage unlabelled on-device data, explore FL applications in Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and affective computing, and adapt FL methodologies from simulation environments to real-world applications on sensing devices. Efficient wireless communication, resource efficiency, and personalization are crucial when applying FL methodologies to sensing devices. Future research should focus on developing wireless communication techniques that minimize data exchange, designing algorithms with resource constraints in mind, and enabling privacy-preserving personalization. By addressing these challenges, FL methodologies can be effectively applied in real-world sensing applications, considering sensing devices’ unique constraints and requirements. Moreover, the discussion emphasizes the need for studies that bridge the gap between simulation and real-world deployment, ensuring the practicality and effectiveness of FL methodologies in real-world sensing applications. By adapting FL methodologies to real-world settings, researchers can address additional challenges, such as communication constraints, privacy concerns, and device heterogeneity, and validate the performance of FL in diverse sensing domains. In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review for researchers and practitioners interested in applying FL methodologies to edge sensing devices to contribute to developing intelligent and efficient systems in diverse application domains by highlighting the specific challenges and opportunities associated with these devices. Acknowledgment T¨ubitak Bideb 2211-A academic reward is gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported by the Bo˘gazi¸ci University Research Fund, project number: 19301P. 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An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art Federated Learning Methodologies

Introduction I first thought about speaking at tech conferences as a way to get a free ticket – let's face it, they're not cheap. But what started as a practical move turned out to be a journey of incredible learning and networking. Over time, as I spoke at more than 19 events, I realized these conferences were more than just stages to share ideas; they were opportunities to connect with CEOs, top experts, authors, and so many inspiring people. Back then, my experience included only teaching JavaScript to my colleagues at work and presenting startup ideas at local hackathons. These experiences were my stepping stones into the world of tech conferences. Today, with a wealth of presentations behind me, I want to share why stepping onto that stage is so rewarding. It's not just about discussing cutting-edge topics like programming techniques, AI advancements, boosting productivity, or nurturing startup growth. It's about the interactions, the shared knowledge, and the diverse perspectives you encounter. In this guide, I'll take you through how to kickstart your journey in conference speaking and make the most of it. Advantages of becoming a conference speaker opportunity to meet new people from your field; share what you're working on and get inspiration for new projects. Listen to other speakers who are way better than you in engineering. I’ve met notable figures in engineering through conferences and had a chance to ask them questions about how they work or run their companies. I know I wouldn’t have a chance of meeting them anywhere else. TOP ONE: : speaking at conferences provides you an opportunity to present your expertise, skills, and background, potentially strengthening your current job position and boosting credibility with both existing and potential clients. Your presentation typically undergoes a selection process conducted by an experienced panel of professionals on the program committee, so you get the chance to see if there's any audience for your knowledge. From my experience, when applying for jobs, interviewers really appreciate some background connected with public speaking. And finally, once you become more recognizable, further speaking opportunities are unlocked, and organizers start to reach out to you themselves. Getting valuable credentials : participating in a conference is a good way to meet and run your ideas through experts. Or expand your professional network if you're into LinkedIn lingo. You can (and I recommend doing so) engage with other speakers, event coordinators, and sponsors. This may lead to potential collaborations and career opportunities. Sharing your contact information for future communication is a must. After some of the conferences, I got offers to run thematic courses in some companies, so once the market sees you as an expert in the field, you can really expand your brand. Collaborating : when preparing your presentation, you have the chance to structure your know-how in an organized and effective way. Additionally, while presenting your talk, you practice the delivery of your hard-earned knowledge, and you get a chance to be challenged by participants’ questions related to your topic. Preparing presentations helped me look critically at my work and improve how I do things. Reinforcing your skills : you can distribute your presentation slides to the audience through social media, post your talk video on platforms like YouTube, or interact with individuals involved in the event through LinkedIn and other platforms. I also noticed that even though I never promoted a product, a book, or anything in particular, there were always some new followers or contacts on all my platforms. Expanding your online presence How to find conferences to participate in? To find the top events to speak at, I do a brief scheduled conference research every two weeks. I search for IT conferences that match my area of expertise and check if they're accepting talk proposals. For international conferences, having a speaker profile on a platform like is the best way to discover new, interesting events. https://sessionize.com/ I also recommend checking out the following websites: https://dev.events/tech https://www.eventyco.com/events/conferences/tech https://confs.tech/ I am based in Poland, Europe, so I also look at local events, and my go-to place is . Every country will likely have an event aggregator like that. Crossweb At this point I also get directly invited by past event’ organizers I spoke at or by conference managers who saw me on other event's websites. Once I find a conference I like, I either apply right away (if I have a suitable talk ready or in the pipeline), or I set a deadline for myself in Notion (note-taking/project management app) to create a proposal. To keep track of all this, I've made a special section in notes for conference applications. It helps me see which events I've applied to, whether the organizers accepted my proposal (or not), and the topic of the talk I submitted. When you take part in conferences regularly, it's easy to get lost in all application forms and emails, so this system keeps everything organized and makes sure I don't forget or miss out on opportunities. What can you prepare prior to applying? To make applying for conferences easier and faster, I organize important information in one place. This way, I can quickly access it whenever I need it. For each conference application, you usually need to provide: : your email, phone number, Twitter and LinkedIn handles, a profile picture, your current job title, and a short bio. I have all this information saved in a dedicated section in Notion, and I just copy and paste it when I apply for a conference. Basic data you provide should include details about your current job, any extra projects you're involved in, and fields of expertise you feel confident about and can present at the conferences. As an example, here's my latest bio for reference: The bio Software Engineer Manager at Netacea, an AI cybersecurity SaaS startup based in the UK. Creator of sentimatic.io - a product for analyzing emotions and content of customer conversations based on AI technology. I run a blog on horosin.com, where I write about topics related to programming, AI products, and startups. I am professionally and personally interested in biotechnology, medicine, space technologies, filmmaking, and literature. I enjoy sharing knowledge in the field of programming and AI-based solutions while gaining inspiration from discussions with new people I meet. : I keep track of all my talks and ideas in Notion, so if I'm short of inspiration, I simply update it and add necessary changes instead of starting from scratch every time. Overview of the talk you want to present : I keep a record of my public appearances on my blog at https://horosin.com/conference, and I always link it as a part of my application. It's important to have a portfolio that shows your experience, as it makes you a more reliable candidate. Here's a note I attach: Past conference experience I have spoken at several conferences so far. I like talking about programming, startups, innovative products and advancements in the AI field. Here is a link to all my conference experiences gathered: https://horosin.com/conference I have also been on the program board of a 2021 4developers Live conference. I was responsible for the selection of talks for the Python track. How to prepare and present a talk? Successful conference participation depends mostly on what and how you present. Take the time to establish your personal strengths, define what you’re good at, and narrow down your field of expertise. Find something in your work that is valuable to share with your audience and make sure the content is genuinely useful to your listeners. Remember that talking about your mistakes can be as beneficial as celebrating your successes. Consider your failures as lessons that can prevent others from making similar mistakes. I've done this numerous times, for example, while discussing the five startups I failed at. I talked about this at three different conferences, sharing my business journey and what I learnt from it . It is, to this day, one of my most popular talks and blog articles. https://horosin.com/i-launched-6-startups-in-8-months-and-5-of-them-failed While preparing the slides, I follow a process: Craft an outline for your speech. Draft your initial version. Refine your draft, brainstorm fresh ways to share your ideas, and then settle on the final version. Create slides for your presentation. Improve your presentation with engaging elements such as data, graphics, personal anecdotes, or connections to certain individuals to make it stand out. Remember to practice your speech, watch your timing, and make adjustments as necessary to fit the given time frame. During your presentation, don’t forget about a few key tips while still trying to stay natural. It's not necessary for everything to go according to the script; however, small adjustments can improve the final result: : Try to pay attention to how you move. Use your body to show your ideas and to better connect with your audience. Move around the stage, keep eye contact with various listeners, and use hand gestures or facial expressions to underline some main points. Body language : Your main goal should be to provide value to the audience, not to sell products. If you give people what they came for, they'll want more from you. You just need to tell them how to find it. I put my social media information on my presentation slides, and sometimes, at the end of the talk, depending on the conference, I share new product ideas connected with the speech. Focus on your personal expertise : Keep the conversation going. Plan a time for questions and answers with the listeners. This part can help you look at your material from different perspectives. You can get authentic feedback on your work. Get the audience involved : Don't forget to ask for thoughts and suggestions. It can help you get better for your next talk and develop your portfolio. At some conferences, feedback is collected through forms and later visible in your speaker’s profile. Otherwise, simply collect it by directly sharing feedback forms. Ask for feedback While presenting, never downplay yourself. If you were selected to speak, then your expertise is enough. You also put your name and time on the line. We're all busy and trying the best we can. If you "had no time to make the slides pretty", don't say that; it's annoying to people that give you their attention. Just pretend your lack of design polish is just your cute nerdiness. Much better effect. Or better, just have a look at my article about MARP so your slides are never ugly again and take 10x less effort: https://horosin.com/effortlessly-create-powerpoint-presentations-with-chatgpt-and-marp How to get the most out of conferences (before and after)? OK, you got an acceptance email, and now what? If you want to get the most out of the conference, it's important to plan ahead. Here's a simple guide on what to do after being selected as a speaker. It's a process I loosely follow. If you do any of the steps, you're already ahead. All that said, the key is a great submission and a value-packed presentation. Everything below is pointless without those. 3 weeks before the conference Start researching the people involved, like the event organizers, other speakers, and sponsors. Identify those you'd like to connect with and reach out to them online. Contact them to schedule a meeting or chat before the event. 2.5 weeks before the conference Share any promotional graphics the organizers provide, which usually feature your photo, topic, track, and maybe a discount code. Publish content on your social media and tag people involved. You can also create your own announcement post if needed. 2 weeks before the conference Consider talking to the organizers about creating a post for their social media. This could be a video inviting others to the conference or a short post about your talk. 1.5 weeks before the conference Create a teaser post with a summary and key points from your presentation to generate more interest. This is a good way to share some knowledge online in preparation for the event. Provide real value; don't advertise. 1 week before the conference Make sure your presentation is well-prepared. Upload your slides online so you can easily share them with participants after your talk. Also, direct people to your social media for any updates. On the day of the conference, connect with as many people as you can, especially those you researched earlier. Attend other talks, take notes, and share your thoughts about them on social media. Take photos during other speakers' presentations and share them later to provide fresh content for their social media. Engage with your audience after your presentation, perhaps over a coffee. Respond to social media posts related to the conference and share your behind-the-scenes impressions. Now that the conference is over, expanding your network and benefiting from participating doesn't really stop. Here are some things that I do afterward. 1 Day After the Conference: Share Your Thoughts After the event, post your impressions on social media. Share what you learned and your general thoughts on the conference. Tag people to start discussions. Here is an example of my LinkedIn post, which I published after speaking at Devoxx Poland: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/horosin_buildinpublic-startups-conference-activity-7070351872594690048-urgz/ As you see, it was quite successful - I got 52 likes with only 500 followers I had at a time. 2 Days After the Conference: Update Your Portfolio Add the conference experience to your speaker portfolio. This could be a website, LinkedIn article, your resume, or wherever you gather your accomplishments. Keep a list of the talks you've given, including dates, titles, and event names. It's a good place to share notes, slides, and related materials from your talks. 5 Days After the Conference: Share Your Presentation Materials Share the slides you used in your presentation. You can post the original materials or create a quick guide on the topic you presented. Sharing knowledge is one of the key points of being a conference speaker, so I try to come forward to my listeners with as many useful sources as possible. 10 days After the Conference: Gather Feedback Collect feedback from the audience and organizers. You can use social media polls, direct messages, or check for opinions on your speaker profile. Reading feedback helps you find areas for improvement and can be useful for future conference applications or negotiations regarding payment. 2 Weeks After the Conference: Reuse Your Content You can reuse your slides by turning them into articles or posts or applying feedback and refining them for another conference. I post articles related to my talks on my blog, so they're always available for reference. Money. How much does it cost? Can you get paid? Usually, the conference will cover all your travel expenses and admission. You will also get invited to speaker dinners and extra networking opportunities. Some events may ask if you have an option to pay for travel yourself or ask your employer for coverage. It will raise your odds of being admitted. My experience with traveling for conferences is mixed. Some booked very low quality, scary even, accommodation. These events are often sponsored by big companies and generate a lot of profit. Saving on speakers feels unacceptable to me, as they usually contribute to the event's success for free. I lived abroad for some time, and a few conferences paid for my flights back home in order to speak. Getting paid? If you have a lot of experience, are an established author, and work in a great company - yeah, possible. Usually, a good conference will pay for a few speakers, especially the keynote ones. Many, even very experienced ones, will just get their expenses covered, but it's a welcome enough benefit for them and should be for you. Speaking is often a community contribution, a way of giving back to the community. Do you have to take time off to speak at a conference? My arrangement is usually to present as a part of my job. The company I work with always gets mentioned; I try to generate sales leads and do a bit of hiring at every event I attend. I also provide photos and short written reports for the marketing department so they can prepare some content for the company's social media channels. Don’t be afraid to talk to your manager to work out the details. You being at a conference as a speaker is a pure benefit for the company - you get free training and generate free publicity. Make sure it is well understood. I’m also spending a bit of my own money on the whole process. I work with a part-time personal assistant who helps me, among others, with managing talk submissions and refining slides from the design point of view. Conclusions Summing up, I recommend taking part in conferences as a speaker. You get the opportunity to expand your network, organize knowledge, and practice public speaking. Making conference research a part of your regular tasks will result in more event opportunities. I did so and the number of conferences I took part in 2023 is higher than ever before. If you prepare for your speech in a smart way, you can reuse your content. Following a few simple steps before and after the conference will help you make the most out of your presentation and will result in the development of your personal brand. For the next year, my plan would be to speak mostly at international events so I can mix it with some traveling. I'm also aiming to get some number of paid gigs, as I have plenty of experience to do a solid agenda-boosting keynote. Do you plan to speak at any tech conference? Any stories or thoughts? Subscribe to my profile by filling in your email address on the left, and be up-to-date with my articles! Don't forget to follow me on Twitter and subscribe to my blog’s for more tips and insights! @ horosin_ newsletter If you don't have Twitter, you can also follow me on . LinkedIn Also published . here

Guide to Speaking at Your First Tech Conferences and Tips to Stand Out

COMBUSTION OF COAL

Exercises are intended to be used

Steam, Its Generation and Use by Babcock & Wilcox Company, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . STEAM here STEAM When a given weight of a perfect gas is compressed or expanded at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant. Vapors, which are liquids in aeriform condition, on the other hand, can exist only at a definite pressure corresponding to each temperature if in the saturated state, that is, the pressure is a function of the temperature only. Steam is water vapor, and at a pressure of, say, 150 pounds absolute per square inch saturated steam can exist only at a temperature 358 degrees Fahrenheit. Hence if the pressure of saturated steam be fixed, its temperature is also fixed, and . vice versa Saturated steam is water vapor in the condition in which it is generated from water with which it is in contact. Or it is steam which is at the maximum pressure and density possible at its temperature. If any change be made in the temperature or pressure of steam, there will be a corresponding change in its condition. If the pressure be increased or the temperature decreased, a portion of the steam will be condensed. If the temperature be increased or the pressure decreased, a portion of the water with which the steam is in contact will be evaporated into steam. Steam will remain saturated just so long as it is of the same pressure and temperature as the water with which it can remain in contact without a gain or loss of heat. Moreover, saturated steam cannot have its temperature lowered without a lowering of its pressure, any loss of heat being made up by the latent heat of such portion as will be condensed. Nor can the temperature of saturated steam be increased except when accompanied by a corresponding increase in pressure, any added heat being expended in the evaporation into steam of a portion of the water with which it is in contact. Dry saturated steam contains no water. In some cases, saturated steam is accompanied by water which is carried along with it, either in the form of a spray or is blown along the surface of the piping, and the steam is then said to be wet. The percentage weight of the steam in a mixture of steam and water is called the quality of the steam. Thus, if in a mixture of 100 pounds of steam and water there is three-quarters of a pound of water, the quality of the steam will be 99.25. Heat may be added to steam not in contact with water, such an addition of heat resulting in an increase of temperature and pressure if the volume be kept constant, or an increase in temperature and volume if the pressure remain constant. Steam whose temperature thus exceeds that of saturated steam at a corresponding pressure is said to be superheated and its properties approximate those of a perfect gas. As pointed out in the chapter on heat, the heat necessary to raise one pound of water from 32 degrees Fahrenheit to the point of ebullition is called the . The heat absorbed during ebullition consists of that necessary to dissociate the molecules, or the , and that necessary to overcome the resistance to the increase in volume, or the . These two make up the and the sum of this latent heat of evaporation and the heat of the liquid make the of the steam. These values for various pressures are given in the , pages to . heat of the liquid inner latent heat outer latent heat latent heat of evaporation total heat steam tables 122 127 The specific volume of saturated steam at any pressure is the volume in cubic feet of one pound of steam at that pressure. The density of saturated steam, that is, its weight per cubic foot, is obviously the reciprocal of the specific volume. This density varies as the 16 ⁄ 17 power over the ordinary range of pressures used in steam boiler work and may be found by the formula, D = .003027 .941 , which is correct within 0.15 per cent up to 250 pounds pressure. p The relative volume of steam is the ratio of the volume of a given weight to the volume of the same weight of water at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit and is equal to the specific volume times 62.427. As vapors are liquids in their gaseous form and the boiling point is the point of change in this condition, it is clear that this point is dependent upon the pressure under which the liquid exists. This fact is of great practical importance in steam condenser work and in many operations involving boiling in an open vessel, since in the latter case its altitude will have considerable influence. The relation between altitude and boiling point of water is shown in . Table 12 The conditions of feed temperature and steam pressure in boiler tests, fuel performances and the like, will be found to vary widely in different trials. In order to secure a means for comparison of different trials, it is necessary to reduce all results to some common basis. The method which has been adopted for the reduction to a comparable basis is to transform the evaporation under actual conditions of steam pressure and feed temperature which exist in the trial to an equivalent evaporation under a set of standard conditions. These standard conditions presuppose a feed water temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit and a steam pressure equal to the normal atmospheric pressure at sea level, 14.7 pounds absolute. Under such conditions steam would be generated a temperature of 212 degrees, the temperature corresponding to atmospheric pressure at sea level, water at 212 degrees. The weight of water which be evaporated under the assumed standard conditions by exactly the amount of heat absorbed by the boiler under actual conditions existing in the trial, is, therefore, called the equivalent evaporation “from and at 212 degrees.” at from would The factor for reducing the weight of water actually converted into steam from the temperature of the feed, at the steam pressure existing in the trial, to the equivalent evaporation under standard conditions is called the This factor is the ratio of the total heat added to one pound of steam under the standard conditions to the heat added to each pound of steam in heating the water from the temperature of the feed in the trial to the temperature corresponding to the pressure existing in the trial. This heat added is obviously the difference between the total heat of evaporation of the steam at the pressure existing in the trial and the heat of the liquid in the water at the temperature at which it was fed in the trial. To illustrate by an example: factor of evaporation. In a boiler trial the temperature of the feed water is 60 degrees Fahrenheit and the pressure under which steam is delivered is 160.3 pounds gauge pressure or 175 pounds absolute pressure. The total heat of one pound of steam at 175 pounds pressure is 1195.9 B. t. u. measured above the standard temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. But the water fed to the boiler contained 28.08 B. t. u. as the heat of the liquid measured above 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, to each pound of steam there has been added 1167.82 B. t. u. To evaporate one pound of water under standard conditions would, on the other hand, have required but 970.4 B. t. u., which, as described, is the latent heat of evaporation at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Expressed differently, the total heat of one pound of steam at the pressure corresponding to a temperature of 212 degrees is 1150.4 B. t. u. One pound of water at 212 degrees contains 180 B. t. u. of sensible heat above 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Hence, under standard conditions, 1150.4 - 180 = 970.4 B. t. u. is added in the changing of one pound of water into steam at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 212 degrees. This is in effect the definition of the latent heat of evaporation. Hence, if conditions of the trial had been standard, only 970.4 B. t. u. would be required and the ratio of 1167.82 to 970.4 B. t. u. is the ratio determining the factor of evaporation. The factor in the assumed case is 1167.82 ÷ 970.4 = 1.2034 and if the same amount of heat had been absorbed under standard conditions as was absorbed in the trial condition, 1.2034 times the amount of steam would have been generated. Expressed as a formula for use with any set of conditions, the factor is, In the form above, the factor may be determined with either saturated or superheated steam, provided that in the latter case values of H are available for varying degrees of superheat and pressures. Where such values are not available, the form becomes, The specific heat of superheated steam will be taken up later. gives factors of evaporation for saturated steam boiler trials to cover a large range of conditions. Except for the most refined work, intermediate values may be determined by interpolation. Table 19 Steam gauges indicate the pressure above the atmosphere. As has been pointed out, the atmospheric pressure changes according to the altitude and the variation in the barometer. Hence, calculations involving the properties of steam are based on pressures, which are equal to the gauge pressure plus the atmospheric pressure in pounds to the square inch. This latter is generally assumed to be 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level, but for other levels it must be determined from the barometric reading at that place. absolute Vacuum gauges indicate the difference, expressed in inches of mercury, between atmospheric pressure and the pressure within the vessel to which the gauge is attached. For approximate purposes, 2.04 inches height of mercury may be considered equal to a pressure of one pound per square inch at the ordinary temperatures at which mercury gauges are used. Hence for any reading of the vacuum gauge in inches, G, the absolute pressure for any barometer reading in inches, B, will be (B - G) ÷ 2.04. If the barometer is 30 inches measured at ordinary temperatures and not corrected to 32 degrees Fahrenheit and the vacuum gauge 24 inches, the absolute pressure will be (30 - 24) ÷ 2.04 = 2.9 pounds per square inch. The temperature, pressure and other properties of steam for varying amounts of vacuum and the pressure above vacuum corresponding to each inch of reading of the vacuum gauge are given in . Table 20 From the , the condensed of the properties of steam at different pressures may be constructed. From such a table there may be drawn the following conclusions. steam tables Table 21 As the pressure and temperature increase, the latent heat decreases. This decrease, however, is less rapid than the corresponding increase in the heat of the liquid and hence the total heat increases with an increase in the pressure and temperature. The percentage increase in the total heat is small, being 0.5, 3.1, and 4.7 per cent for 20, 100, and 300 pounds absolute pressure respectively above the total heat in one pound of steam at 14.7 pounds absolute. The temperatures, on the other hand, increase at the rates of 7.5, 54.6, and 96.9 per cent. The efficiency of a perfect steam engine is proportional to the expression ( - 1 )/ in which and 1 are the absolute temperatures of the saturated steam at admission and exhaust respectively. While actual engines only approximate the ideal engine in efficiency, yet they follow the same general law. Since the exhaust temperature cannot be lowered beyond present practice, it follows that the only available method of increasing the efficiency is by an increase in the temperature of the steam at admission. How this may be accomplished by an increase of pressure is clearly shown, for the increase of fuel necessary to increase the pressure is negligible, as shown by the total heat, while the increase in economy, due to the higher pressure, will result directly from the rapid increase of the corresponding temperature. t t t t t The gain due to superheat cannot be predicted from the formula for the efficiency of a perfect steam engine given on page . This formula is not applicable in cases where superheat is present since only a relatively small amount of the heat in the steam is imparted at the maximum or superheated temperature. 119 The advantage of the use of high pressure steam may be also indicated by considering the question from the aspect of volume. With an increase of pressure comes a decrease in volume, thus one pound of saturated steam at 100 pounds absolute pressure occupies 4.43 cubic feet, while at 200 pounds pressure it occupies 2.29 cubic feet. If then, in separate cylinders of the same dimensions, one pound of steam at 100 pounds absolute pressure and one pound at 200 pounds absolute pressure enter and are allowed to expand to the full volume of each cylinder, the high-pressure steam, having more room and a greater range for expansion than the low-pressure steam, will thus do more work. This increase in the amount of work, as was the increase in temperature, is large relative to the additional fuel required as indicated by the total heat. In general, it may be stated that the fuel required to impart a given amount of heat to a boiler is practically independent of the steam pressure, since the temperature of the fire is so high as compared with the steam temperature that a variation in the steam temperature does not produce an appreciable effect. The formulae for the algebraic expression of the relation between saturated steam pressures, temperatures and steam volumes have been up to the present time empirical. These relations have, however, been determined by experiment and, from the experimental data, tables have been computed which render unnecessary the use of empirical formulae. Such formulae may be found in any standard work of thermo-dynamics. The following tables cover all practical cases. gives the heat units contained in water above 32 degrees Fahrenheit at different temperatures. Table 22 gives the properties of saturated steam for various pressures. Table 23 gives the properties of superheated steam at various pressures and temperatures. Table 24 These tables are based on those computed by Lionel S. Marks and Harvey N. Davis, these being generally accepted as being the most correct. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Babcock & Wilcox Company (2007). Steam, Its Generation and Use. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/22657/pg22657-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

STEAM

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CLARK'S GYROSCOPIC TORPEDOES. here CLARK'S GYROSCOPIC TORPEDOES. Figs. 1 and 2 represent, upon a scale of about 1/10, two types of torpedoes, the greatest number possible of the parts of which are made revolvable, so as to render the torpedoes as dirigible as the gyrating motion permits of. Fig. 1 represents an electric torpedo actuated by accumulators, A A, keyed upon the shaft, and revolving along with the gearings. At the beginning of the running, the accumulators are not all coupled, but under the action of a clockwork movement which is set in motion at the moment of starting, metallic brushes descend one after another upon the collectors, B, and set in action new batteries for keeping constant or, if need be, accelerating the speed at the end of the travel. Fig. 2 represents an air torpedo proposed by the same inventor. The air reservoir, C, revolves along with the gearings under the action of the pneumatic machine, D. The central shaft is hollow, so as to serve as a conduit. The admission of air into the slide valve of the machine is regulated by a clockwork which actuates a slide in an aperture whose form and dimensions are so calculated that the speed remains as constant as possible toward the end of the travel. The trajectory of the two torpedoes is regulated by a cylindrical bellows, F, which gives entrance to the sea water. The springs shown in the figure balance the hydraulic pressure. The tension of these springs is regulated by the rod, H, according to the indications of the scale of depths, I. When the torpedo reaches too great a depth, the action of the springs can no longer balance the increase of the hydraulic pressure, and the accumulation of the charge in the rear causes the front to rise toward the surface. When the torpedo reaches the surface, a contrary action is produced.— Revue Industrielle. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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