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You can jump to any section of y The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strateg here. Objective 4: Implement Cislunar communications and positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities with scalable and interoperable approaches Communications and PNT are the common information infrastructure for all activities in Cislunar space, including in Lunar orbit and on the Lunar surface. The United States government will use scalable, interoperable, and secure approaches for information infrastructure to enable a cooperative and sustainable ecosystem in Cislunar space. The NASA Artemis program, with its near-term mission to return humans to the Moon, provides the foundational elements for this objective. Through the Artemis program, NASA and its international partners will use innovative technologies to explore more of the Lunar surface than ever before, for the benefit of all.[13] The U.S. government, in collaboration with allies, international partners, and private actors, will work to establish the first long-term presence on the Moon. Lessons learned on and around the Moon will be used to take the next giant leap: sending the first humans to Mars. This objective will ensure that the systems and infrastructure deployed for the Artemis program enable a cooperative and sustainable ecosystem in Cislunar space. U.S. Cislunar communications and PNT capabilities, if implemented with scalable and interoperable approaches, can meet requirements for NASA’s Artemis program, foster new commercial space activities and lower barriers to entry, and provide an early technological foundation for advancing responsible and sustainable activities in Cislunar space. To implement this objective, the potential future needs of all stakeholders planning activities in Cislunar space should be considered. The following sub-objectives support this objective: The U.S. government and private actors are planning new Cislunar activities, but there is insufficient information regarding the capabilities needed to support these activities. Beyond network communications and PNT, capabilities of interest include mapping, in-space and Lunar surface transportation, radio frequency spectrum management, in-situ mobility, Lunar surface power generation and storage, use of Lunar resources, search and rescue, and space situational awareness. The United States government will define the needed capabilities, to include consideration of the cybersecurity, scalability, and interoperability of associated systems. The level of needed capability will inform updates to this strategy and subsequent implementation plans. Establish foundational capabilities in a timely fashion to enable a flexible Cislunar architecture. Architectures deployed for Cislunar operations should be designed to anticipate the emergence of innovative and unexpected future user requirements that cannot be predicted at present. Architectures with this kind of flexibility likely require the use of broadly adopted technical standards. The United States will lead in developing capabilities and technical standards that support maximally interoperable and scalable infrastructure, while ensuring cybersecurity, especially for Cislunar communications and PNT. Standards of particular interest include: those for PNT in Cislunar space, radio and optical communications, a Lunar reference frame tied to the celestial and terrestrial reference frames, spacecraft safety and rescue, and orbit message formats and propagation models in Cislunar space. Infrastructure adaptation should include modernization and expansion of numerous sensing, ranging, and timing technologies and techniques to enable integration of new space-based operations with existing infrastructure. Such standards efforts should leverage bottom-up approaches that build upon existing[14] and emerging standards for space systems, including input from non-government experts. U.S. government agencies will leverage and promote the use of interoperable and scalable commercial services in Cislunar space. Ensure that capabilities for U.S. government Cislunar operations are scalable and interoperable with systems operated by private and international actors. Ongoing space activities like planetary defense, space weather research and monitoring, orbital debris mitigation, and spaceand ground-based astronomy could begin to extend coordination to include consideration of new Cislunar development activities. The NSTC Subcommittee on Cislunar Science & Technology can help facilitate new U.S. government collaboration to advance Cislunar space priorities. Coordinate new Cislunar activities with existing in-space operations. [13] Artemis I will fly an uncrewed flight test that will be the first in a series of increasingly complex missions to the Moon in preparation for human missions to Mars. Artemis II will perform a crewed Lunar flyby mission. Many other robotic missions will be conducted to Lunar orbit and the Lunar surface, including an uncrewed human lander demonstration mission. Subsequent Artemis missions will see the first woman and first person of color land on the Moon. This program will be supported by smaller-scale pathfinder missions, such as the Tipping Point Technology Demonstrations and larger programs such as the Lunar Gateway. These missions will include early tests of the establishment of PNT and communications networks. [14] International Deep Space Interoperability Standards, A partnership between International Space Station Agencies This content was initially published on in November 2022. whitehouse.gov This content has been broken-up into bite sized sections each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images in line with the provisions of Creative Commons 3.0.

Lunar Linkages: U.S. Aims to Forge Interoperable Space Communications

You can jump to any section of y The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strateg here. Near-term Cislunar trends Soon, the United States will achieve a key milestone with the NASA Artemis program, which will send the first human-rated spacecraft to Cislunar space since 1972. Robotic exploration of Cislunar space is also growing more robust, with many orbital cubesats and the first U.S. robotic Lunar landers since the Apollo era joining a host of other global probes and missions[3] operating in Cislunar space. This increase in activity spans a range of applications for science (including Lunar mapping and surveying from orbit, surface geophysical investigations, and radio astronomy observations), in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), and other exploration and development activities. To support these planned and future Cislunar activities, basic infrastructure is needed, including communications, PNT, transportation, and radio frequency spectrum management. Near-term Cislunar enabling capabilities will need to be transparent, open, interoperable,[4] and scalable to advance a Cislunar ecosystem that is sustainable for years to come. Further, these activities must be supported by a diverse science and technology workforce equipped to tackle challenges associated with this still largely unexplored domain. [3] As one example, NASA is working with several U.S. companies to deliver science and technology to the Lunar surface through the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative. Under Artemis, commercial deliveries beginning in 2022 will perform science experiments, test technologies, and demonstrate capabilities to help NASA explore the Moon and prepare for human missions. [4] For information systems, interoperability is the capability of different systems or networks to communicate and exchange information with each other. This content was initially published on in November 2022. whitehouse.gov This content has been broken-up into bite sized sections, each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images, in line with the provisions of Creative Commons 3.0.

NASA's Artemis Program: U.S. Set to Achieve Historic Milestone in Cislunar Space

You can jump to any section of y The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strateg here. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The United States will lead the world in responsible, peaceful, and sustainable exploration and utilization of Cislunar space, including the Moon, consistent with the U.S. Space Priorities Framework. Cislunar space, the three-dimensional region of space beyond Earth’s geosynchronous orbit but still within the gravitational influence of the Earth and/or the Moon, is a new sphere of human activity with diverse endeavors accelerating in the decade ahead. Cislunar space offers tremendous promise for advancing science, technology, and exploration. Humanity’s activities on the Moon remain uniquely inspiring for people around the world. Cislunar space provides opportunities for answering many of the highest priority questions in planetary science, opportunities to explore the history of our Solar System and Sun, a radio-quiet environment that can catalyze a new generation of radio astronomy, the potential for economic growth in space, and a valuable region for testing human exploration technologies and operations to enable crewed exploration to Mars and beyond. U.S. science and technology leadership in Cislunar space will support the responsible, peaceful, and sustainable exploration and use of Cislunar space, including the Moon, by all space-faring nations and entities. The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strategy provides a vision and the first science and technology objectives for realizing U.S. leadership in Cislunar space, including the Moon. Fostering scientific discovery, economic development, and international cooperation are essential to sustaining this leadership. The key objectives of the strategy are: American technological endeavors begin with a positive, expansive vision of the future, led by a highly diverse science and engineering workforce. The Moon is a driver of scientific advances and potential economic growth. Research and development opportunities in Cislunar space range from novel discoveries in space science to the development of new Cislunar technologies to new breakthroughs in understanding the effects of the space environment on humans. Objective 1: Support research and development to enable long-term growth in Cislunar space. International S&T cooperation can foster peace, develop responsible practices, and create the foundations for new institutions to enable enduring human and robotic presence in Cislunar space. New international cooperation can also amplify U.S. objectives being achieved with the Artemis Accords by demonstrating how activities can be carried out for the benefit of and in the interests of all nations, including developing countries, while enhancing transparency and building confidence and cooperation among Moon-faring entities during this important decade for Cislunar development. Objective 2: Expand international S&T cooperation in Cislunar space. Space situational awareness is the necessary foundation to enable transparency and safe operations for all entities operating in Cislunar space. As activities in Cislunar space increase, the U.S. government will define requirements for new space situational awareness capabilities, including associated reference systems and data-sharing approaches. The United States will pursue new cost-effective capabilities while improving existing capabilities as necessary. This objective has synergies with efforts to provide early warning for potentially hazardous asteroids. Objective 3: Extend U.S. space situational awareness capabilities into Cislunar space. Communications and positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) are the common information infrastructure needed for all activities in Cislunar space, including in Lunar orbit and on the Lunar surface. This objective will ensure that infrastructure deployed for NASA’s Artemis program can also help enable a cooperative and sustainable ecosystem in Cislunar space. Implementing needed Cislunar communications and PNT capabilities with scalable and interoperable approaches can foster new commercial development and lower barriers to entry while advancing responsible and safe spaceflight practices. U.S. Departments and government agencies will leverage and promote the use of commercial services in Cislunar space. This strategy will guide the policymaking process and provide an early common vision for agencies and collaborators to coordinate on Cislunar activities. Any commitment of Federal resources or budget to support this strategy will be determined through the budget process. Objective 4: Implement Cislunar communications and positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities with scalable and interoperable approaches. This content was initially published on in November 2022. whitehouse.gov This content has been broken-up into bite sized sections, each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images, in line with the provisions of Creative Commons 3.0.

Space Governance: U.S. Paves the Way for Responsible and Sustainable Cislunar Exploration

স্পেস গভর্নেন্স: ইউএস দায়িত্বশীল এবং টেকসই সিসলুনার অন্বেষণের পথ তৈরি করে

Weltraum-Governance: Die USA ebnen den Weg für eine verantwortungsvolle und nachhaltige cislunare Erforschung

Gobernanza espacial: Estados Unidos allana el camino para una exploración cislunar responsable y sostenible

Gouvernance spatiale : les États-Unis ouvrent la voie à une exploration cislunaire responsable et durable

अंतरिक्ष प्रशासन: अमेरिका ने जिम्मेदार और टिकाऊ सिसलुनर अन्वेषण का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया

宇宙ガバナンス：米国、責任ある持続可能な月圏探査への道を開く

우주 거버넌스: 미국은 책임감 있고 지속 가능한 달 탐사의 길을 열었습니다.

Governança Espacial: EUA abrem caminho para exploração cislunar responsável e sustentável

Управление космосом: США прокладывают путь к ответственному и устойчивому исследованию Цислуна

Uzay Yönetişimi: ABD Sorumlu ve Sürdürülebilir Cislunar Keşiflerinin Yolunu Açıyor

Quản trị Không gian: Hoa Kỳ mở đường cho việc thăm dò Cislunar có trách nhiệm và bền vững

太空治理：美国为负责任和可持续的地月探索铺平道路

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Since n.d.

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