We're on a mission to create 100,000 millionaires of color by 2030

NYCE.

An Initial Coin Offering, also commonly referred to as an , is a fundraising mechanism in which new projects sell their underlying crypto tokens in exchange for bitcoin and ether. It is somehow similar to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in which investors purchase shares of a company. ICO This form of blockchain fundraising has existed since July 2013. Over the last two years, the ICO model has been used by hundreds of organizations to raise billions of dollars. ICOs are booming despite the price collapse of cryptocurrencies and the volume reached new record highs in the first half of 2018. However, ICOs (for now) have a sordid history and little regulatory insight. Investors are often buying coins or tokens for a project that does not even fully exist yet. In most cases, the team will have some degree of code to show what the project will look like. However, there is no guarantee of projects ever being completed or even being embraced by mainstream users. This is a risk people need to be willing to take, as it may take years until there is an actual market for the project in question. STO: Bringing the trendsetter to the market Security Token Offerings, or STOs, are financial securities because they mimic traditional shares. With STOs it’s an upgrade whereby you can purchase tokens during the offering that you can then trade, sell, or hold. However, since security tokens are actual financial securities, your tokens are backed by something tangible like the assets, profits, or revenue of the company[4]. In order to start an STO, a business must complete the traditional registration process of an IPO. As these projects become the next “topic of the day”, you need a right talent to create a buzz in the audience. are helpful for your Pre and Post ICO marketing strategies. They are more efficient to develop the right , , s, , and many more . Finding the right and suitable is a really complicated task so here’s a list of the that can handle your STO projects very well. Marketing Companies and Agencies Content marketing social media marketing PR Service Display Marketing marketing strategies STO marketing agency TOP ICO Marketing agencies Top 30+ STO Security Token Offering Marketing Agencies Crowdcreate Crowdcreate is a top-ranked global ICO marketing agency. Over $106 million crowdfunded across 40+ campaigns. . The world’s largest tech companies choose Crowdcreate to raise more investor funds and grow their online community. They’re experienced growth marketing experts and have the case studies to prove it. They also have more than 35 successful raises with over 7.1 million subscribers 2. Amazix They are a group of professional crypto ICO mods who have technical expertise, are excellent at support and led by an elite team of managers. They have managed some of the largest ICOs in history including Bancor, BANKEX, and Hdac. 3. Element Group Element group is among the leading ICO marketing agencies which seem to provide a range of comprehensive services. The company executes token sales and ICOs; it facilitates the relationship between issuers and buyers and structures marketing processes in a concise and effective way. 4. FoxTail Marketing FoxTail Marketing is a US-based digital marketing company which has successfully completed a range of ICO campaigns. Amongst other things, it also provides lead generation services for mid-market companies. Unlike a lot of specialized agencies of the kind, this one also provides regular marketing services to companies outside of the ICO market. 5. ICOBOX It’s amongst the first ones to emerge on the market. It’s a Russian company with capabilities which encompass a broad range of potential necessities for any ICO project. From whitepaper writing to legal assistance, the marketing agency claims to be able to provide ICOs with the assistance they need from start to end. However, the company is best known for its PR capabilities. 6. 7MARKETZ 7MARKETZ is a global FinTech marketing agency, delivering creative business solutions for startups and enterprises throughout Europe and North America since 2010. Meet 7MARKETZ where the most passionate and skillful professionals join their forces to create uplifting marketing experience! 7MARKETZ Team combines various marketing approaches to lead client’s ICO to strategic objectives and tackle complex development challenges. They infuse client’s ICO with their expertise, fresh vision and a full spectrum of analytical tools. 7. Applicature Applicature is a blockchain development agency working on projects in the blockchain and cryptocurrency industries. They review companies’ business models and help clients adjust their businesses within the growing blockchain ecosystem. They offer a wide range of custom blockchain development services. 8. IBC Group IBC is an international blockchain consulting group spanning 40 countries facilitating end to end ICO support, enterprise blockchain development, capital raising, consulting and institutional training. Their team has supported startups, existing companies and institutions/governments executing long-term strategies. 9. Priority Token They are an international ICO advisory and promotion agency incorporated in the UK with offices in London, Singapore, Moscow, and Dubai. They have fostered a wide network of connections and expertise which can transform a client’s ICO project from good to great. 10. Byzantium Comprised by a team of blockchain, PR, marketing, and investment experts, Byzantium is an ICO marketing company which offers a broad range of services. It crafts tailored marketing strategies and executes them accordingly. The company also promises to provide relationship management, introducing the project to the right investors, advisors, and overall crypto professionals. 11. Ambisafe Ambisafe’s founding team has been pioneering cryptocurrency development since 2010. Their experience ranges from development of alternative consensus algorithms in 2010 to launch the first multi-currency wallet in 2014. Some of their recent achievements include going through the first bitcoin class of silicon valley startup accelerator, breaking to the finals of the SWIFT Innotribe Startup Competition and being the first digital wallet to implement MasterProtocol. 12. MaZee MaZee provides End — to — End ICO Community Management and Marketing service, with an eye for quality delivery. Their focus is on building strategies with the teams that will work for hand — in — hand with client’s project, to help with client’s success. It is a company which has explicitly stated that it places the emphasis on community management. Understanding the necessity for community trust, MaZee executes excellent bounty campaigns and drives successful community engagement throughout the possible channels. 13. InboundJunction InboundJunction is a complete blockchain marketing and ICO making solution for ICOs and Blockchain projects. InboundJunction has worked with more than 70 successful ICOs and top crypto coins and therefore knows the industry, influencers, funds, and community extremely well. Their team is extremely experienced with both Blockchain and marketing so it has the ingredients and capabilities to support, market, advise and promote ICOs successfully. 14. ICO Angels ICO Angels are a specialist advisory & marketing service positioning blockchain related projects for ICO funding. They have boosted the normal crowdfunding process by converting their own network of Angel investors into evangelists of the emerging crypto-currency market. 15. Sparkchain Sparkchain harbors a team of blockchain and digital currency marketers which bring highly technical and complex solutions. The company has expertise in developing protocols, smart contracts, and community development, amid a range of fairly technical capabilities with solutions such as open source technologies, permissioned ledgers, exchanges, wallets, mining applications, and others of the kind. 16. TSM Global TSM Global is UK registered company working via its shells in Macedonia and Moldova. It offers full-service ICO support. With its beginnings in marketing, TSM has raised more than $270 million for its clients. TSM’s international team can offer support in English, Japanese, Chinese, Koran, Russian, German and other languages customizing the campaign to the needs of every client. 17. Searched Bridging The Gap Between Web Development, Search, PR And Content Marketing For Blockchain Startups and ICO’s, They are a crypto-currency marketing agency constructed by entrepreneurs who love to build and create. With experience in growing Startups from the ground up using their advanced SEO and digital marketing strategies and development skills, they have naturally navigated towards Blockchain Startups and ICO’s to support launch and growth as a dedicated Blockchain marketing agency like no other. Their love of seeing their clients grow ensures ultimate performance in a time-constrained industry. 18. Key Difference Media KEY Difference Media focuses uniquely on the crucial stage of ICO marketing. They bridge the gap between their clients and investors — giving them the tools to bring in leads dedicated to their client’s cause. They have a team of experts who are well known in the blockchain community. They help you build the engaging, trustworthy online brand that the client’s audience wants to get behind. 19. MLG Blockchain Consulting MLG Blockchain is a global blockchain development and consulting firm headquartered in Toronto with a distributed team across North America, Europe and Asia that is focused on building next-generation applications using blockchain and smart contract technology. They speed up the client and his team’s understanding of the blockchain and its potential opportunities for the clients business and help them to create a blockchain strategy that client can use today. 20. Belkin Marketing Belkin Marketing is a global digital marketing agency. They provide services that include market, search and media strategy, SMM and experience marketing. Most noteworthy, content marketing and lead generation. Founded in 2007 in San Diego, California, Belkin Marketing Team currently works out of three offices: San Diego, Moscow, and Hong Kong. A unique team of digital creators, they go through an extensive hiring process to eliminate all but the best. In addition, Agency is currently partnered with several global marketing and retail professional brands — including JosDeVries (Holland), DOING (Italy), Think Kong (Poland). 21. Crynet Crynet started as a data-driven digital marketing agency but has quickly grown to be full-service marketing agency with representatives in 3 continents. Crynet offers a wide range of support services for ICOs and Blockchain Driven Business, such as Multinational Legal Support, Blockchain Development, and Tech Support, Payment Gateway crypto-cash, Blockchain HR, Advisor Support, SMM across all Social Media, Telegram, etc. Crynet also has unique coverage of Asia — Japan, Korea, and China allows us to reach out to crypto-communities worldwide. 22. Zerion Zerion is a fintech company with an expertise in creating blockchain-based applications. They have experience in smart contract development on Ethereum blockchain and their focus is on executing ICOs. Zerion believes in a decentralized future. They help innovative companies to create blockchain-based products that disrupt and disintermediate and they empower the individual investor over The Man. They are dedicated, experienced technologists with the knowledge, network, and integrity to help companies go from an idea to success. They power Initial Coin Offerings. Founders secure the infrastructure to issue their tokens. Investors get an intuitive investment interface, which makes building and managing a portfolio easy. 23. CoinFabric CoinFabric is a full-service launchpad for ITOs (Initial Token Offerings) & ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings), advising on overall strategy and implementing it through a variety of services from content marketing, paid advertising and community building, to investor & influencer outreach and more. With a team of industry experts, in their respective fields, CoinFabric has all of the parts to successfully help companies to achieve successful Presale, PreICO & Public Crowdsale events. 24. Official Startups Official Startups is a full-service strategic business consulting, brand management, and marketing agency dedicated to inspiring the entrepreneurial spirit and bringing business dreams to life. The company is a brick and mortar physical business with an established reputation in the Canadian Blockchain Community. The ICO Blockchain team is piloted by Audrey Nesbitt who leads a large team that covers every stage required to have a successful ICO. 25. TokenAsia Equipped with a team of industry experts in technology, marketing & consultancy solutions, TokenAsia offers a full-stack, highly customizable token sale platform. Their primary focus is launching a comprehensive crowdfunding campaign by designing & implementing the overall strategy through integrated promotional services aimed at building Community, Investor, and influencer outreach. 26. IBC Group IBC is an international blockchain consulting group spanning 40 countries facilitating an end to end ICO support, enterprise blockchain development, capital raising, consulting and institutional training. Their team has supported startups, existing companies and institutions/governments executing long-term strategies. 27. Argon Group The Argon Group is an investment bank with a focus on digital finance — the emerging crypto-currency and token-based capital markets. They provide financial advisory, placement, and technology services to companies seeking to raise equity, debt, and non-dilutive capital. The Group develops technical placement solutions including digital tokens powered by advanced smart contracts, which they operate through a digital asset placement and brokerage platform called TokenHub.com. They are developing NYCEX.com, a digital asset and crypto-currency exchange, which will be on the cutting edge of technology and compliance. 28. Pro-Crypto Group The Pro-Crypto Group is a passionate Seoul, South Korea(Top 2 ICO marketplace) based growth marketing agency providing ICO Marketing, design and video production, release publications, and PR outreach, SNS Marketing, Community Management Marketing and influencer marketing. Focusing on a data-driven approach for every blockchain, branding, and crowdfunding campaign, we have successfully funded 29+ crowdfunding campaigns raising over $67 million averagely in 2 years. 29. Olshansky and partners The digital consulting agency “Olshansky and partners”. They offer ICO-consulting. This service will help correctly position client’s project, evaluate competitors, prepare the necessary internal documentation, take into account legal and financial aspects, carry out technical implementation (from tokens to site development), develop a marketing strategy, correctly allocate budgets, prepare the product for launch and accompany the project at all stages of the passage of the ICO to the achievement of the project objectives. 30. CryptoDex Cryptodex is founded on the principle that blockchain technology is changing the fundamental structure of not only our economy and banking systems but also the way we connect and engage as human beings. As we move further into a world that fully implements the utility of blockchain technology, new opportunities to create sustainable independent communities emerge. In the infancy of the blockchain movement, we have been experiencing radical shifts in the way we transact, invest, and allocate our energy, which we have called money. 31. Modern Token Modern Token is a company that provides blockchain consulting for VC-funded projects. Their clients are international companies that are willing to embed blockchain technology into client’s projects and to attract additional funding from private investors. Their team is continuously growing, and they are looking for English-speaking experienced professionals and young talents that show initiative, analytical thinking and are able to work without supervision both independently and in a team. 32. ICO Launch Malta ICO Launch Malta is a full stack ICO platform that services every aspect of a company’s ICO process from incorporation and tax planning, to token creation, smart contract development, and deployment, marketing and PR through to exchange listing. 33. CrowdFundX CrowdfundX is a FinTech marketing firm that markets Reg A+ IPOs and Security Token offerings (STOs.) We provide our clients with the tools and resources necessary to execute successful and compliant offerings while reducing the cost and complexity of acquiring both institutional and retail investors. — — — — — — — — — — — This list is based on my research and experiences only. You can use this only for reference and always do your own research before partnering to the right . STO Marketing Agency

Top 30+ STO Security Token Offering Marketing Agencies

Top 65+ STO Agencies | STO Service Providers

Top 30+ ICO Marketing Agencies & ICO Development Companies | Cryptocurrency Marketing Services

Ishan Pandey: Hi Joe, I am delighted to welcome you to our "Behind the Startup" series. Please tell us about your background and about your journey of marketing NiceHash to the masses. Joe Downie: I come from a background in business consulting and growth for a wide variety of industries, particularly luxury hospitality chains, then later IT companies, and cybersecurity. I entered the world of crypto through Bitcoin, like many people. NiceHash has also been an amazing entry point into the crypto industry, as mining is truly where all the magic happens. Marketing mining is both challenging and fascinating, as it is such a niche part of the industry, yet it can make money for millions of people. A core part of our marketing work is to build trust with audiences, as this is key to helping people understand how things work and how it can benefit them. Ishan Pandey: How do you plan to leverage NiceHash's position as a global leader in cryptocurrency mining to further accelerate Bitcoin adoption worldwide? Joe Downie: Over the last few years we have worked hard to position NiceHash outside of its core audience, attending conferences and showcasing the tools and solutions we provide to businesses as well as retail users. NiceHash is quite well known as a user-friendly platform, but not many people are aware that this also translates into our services and products for professionals. Leveraging this balance between pro and beginner is what makes NiceHash uniquely positioned to solidify itself as the leading platform for mining and beyond. Ishan Pandey: Given the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency regulations, how do you ensure that NiceHash's marketing efforts remain compliant with regulatory requirements across different regions? Joe Downie: We have invested a great deal of time and manpower into compliance, especially in the last 12 months, as this is critical for us. Being compliant is the only way that this industry can grow and be taken seriously, as we have seen with the Bitcoin ETFs: a whole new layer of legitimacy is added as investors have more trust and confidence, especially after events like the FTX fiasco. NiceHash works very hard to ensure we are always compliant with national and international regulatory frameworks, even when it means making tough business decisions. Ishan Pandey: As the head of marketing, how do you ensure that NiceHash's messaging resonates with both experienced cryptocurrency miners and newcomers to the industry? Joe Downie: This is a balancing act that we are constantly evolving and refining, as we need to ensure the right people get the right information. NiceHash is already well known on the consumer side, and many newcomers to crypto come to our platform. We have a much wider spectrum of communication channels than most companies do, where we are on all the main media channels, plus we have communities, forums, and a human support team, which helps us stay connected with our customers and provide the relevant information for their needs. Ishan Pandey: Please Tell us, your views on Bitcoin halving and how the Bitcoin mining community views this event. Joe Downie: Most miners will have been factoring in the halving of their operating costs for quite some time now, even the small ones. When bitcoin halves, this makes a lot of older hardware less profitable due to less reward received for the work done by the machine, so miners will have been gradually replacing hardware to the newest they can afford. Miners will not worry much about the halving as long as the Bitcoin price stays where it is ($70K+) or continues to rise, as most of them are in it for the long run. Ishan Pandey: As NiceHash continues to evolve, how do you approach adapting marketing strategies to align with new product developments and technological advancements in the crypto industry? Joe Downie: This is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, so we are constantly evolving strategies and tactics. We have very short ‘A/B test’ times when it comes to marketing campaigns as there is little to no precedent for the products we launch. This means there is no benchmark data to work with, or even anything of a similar nature, so we are oftentimes working from scratch. The plus side is it has made our marketing extremely flexible and sharp when it comes to ‘educated guesswork’ as we have developed a solid system for predicting unknowns and iterating campaigns fast. Things move much faster in this industry, and we have to stay in front. Ishan Pandey: Do you see any institutional interest in Bitcoin and cryptocurrency mining? Joe Downie: Yes we do, especially over the last 12 months, and it shows in the USA, where the publicly traded miners have seen a massive increase in interest. As people start to understand more about how cryptocurrency works, they want to get to the source, and that source is mining. Ishan Pandey: According to you, what new trends and events can we see in 2024 that may impact the blockchain industry? Joe Downie: I think this year we will see some ‘consolidation of innovation’ and a lot of legitimacy added to the industry, which will see bigger players and investors looking closer to the possibilities of blockchain. This will likely lead to the revival of some aspects, for example, multi-chains and layer 2 technologies, but I don’t think anything groundbreaking or new will come just yet. I think this year the trend will be very much focused on Bitcoin, and that will bring attention to the Lightning Network. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Ishan Pandey: Hi Joe, I am delighted to welcome you to our "Behind the Startup" series. Please tell us about your background and about your journey of marketing NiceHash to the masses. Ishan Pandey: Hi Joe, I am delighted to welcome you to our "Behind the Startup" series. Please tell us about your background and about your journey of marketing NiceHash to the masses. Joe Downie: I come from a background in business consulting and growth for a wide variety of industries, particularly luxury hospitality chains, then later IT companies, and cybersecurity . I entered the world of crypto through Bitcoin, like many people. NiceHash has also been an amazing entry point into the crypto industry, as mining is truly where all the magic happens. Marketing mining is both challenging and fascinating, as it is such a niche part of the industry, yet it can make money for millions of people. A core part of our marketing work is to build trust with audiences, as this is key to helping people understand how things work and how it can benefit them. Joe Downie: cybersecurity Bitcoin, Ishan Pandey: How do you plan to leverage NiceHash's position as a global leader in cryptocurrency mining to further accelerate Bitcoin adoption worldwide? Ishan Pandey: How do you plan to leverage NiceHash's position as a global leader in cryptocurrency mining to further accelerate Bitcoin adoption worldwide? Joe Downie: Over the last few years we have worked hard to position NiceHash outside of its core audience, attending conferences and showcasing the tools and solutions we provide to businesses as well as retail users. NiceHash is quite well known as a user-friendly platform, but not many people are aware that this also translates into our services and products for professionals. Leveraging this balance between pro and beginner is what makes NiceHash uniquely positioned to solidify itself as the leading platform for mining and beyond. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: Given the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency regulations, how do you ensure that NiceHash's marketing efforts remain compliant with regulatory requirements across different regions? Ishan Pandey: Given the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency regulations, how do you ensure that NiceHash's marketing efforts remain compliant with regulatory requirements across different regions? Joe Downie: We have invested a great deal of time and manpower into compliance, especially in the last 12 months, as this is critical for us. Being compliant is the only way that this industry can grow and be taken seriously, as we have seen with the Bitcoin ETFs: a whole new layer of legitimacy is added as investors have more trust and confidence, especially after events like the FTX fiasco. NiceHash works very hard to ensure we are always compliant with national and international regulatory frameworks, even when it means making tough business decisions. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: As the head of marketing, how do you ensure that NiceHash's messaging resonates with both experienced cryptocurrency miners and newcomers to the industry? Ishan Pandey: As the head of marketing, how do you ensure that NiceHash's messaging resonates with both experienced cryptocurrency miners and newcomers to the industry? Joe Downie: This is a balancing act that we are constantly evolving and refining, as we need to ensure the right people get the right information. NiceHash is already well known on the consumer side, and many newcomers to crypto come to our platform. We have a much wider spectrum of communication channels than most companies do, where we are on all the main media channels, plus we have communities, forums, and a human support team, which helps us stay connected with our customers and provide the relevant information for their needs. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: Please Tell us, your views on Bitcoin halving and how the Bitcoin mining community views this event. Ishan Pandey: Please Tell us, your views on Bitcoin halving and how the Bitcoin mining community views this event. Joe Downie: Most miners will have been factoring in the halving of their operating costs for quite some time now, even the small ones. When bitcoin halves, this makes a lot of older hardware less profitable due to less reward received for the work done by the machine, so miners will have been gradually replacing hardware to the newest they can afford. Miners will not worry much about the halving as long as the Bitcoin price stays where it is ($70K+) or continues to rise, as most of them are in it for the long run. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: As NiceHash continues to evolve, how do you approach adapting marketing strategies to align with new product developments and technological advancements in the crypto industry? Ishan Pandey: As NiceHash continues to evolve, how do you approach adapting marketing strategies to align with new product developments and technological advancements in the crypto industry? Joe Downie: This is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, so we are constantly evolving strategies and tactics. We have very short ‘A/B test’ times when it comes to marketing campaigns as there is little to no precedent for the products we launch. This means there is no benchmark data to work with, or even anything of a similar nature, so we are oftentimes working from scratch. The plus side is it has made our marketing extremely flexible and sharp when it comes to ‘educated guesswork’ as we have developed a solid system for predicting unknowns and iterating campaigns fast. Things move much faster in this industry, and we have to stay in front. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: Do you see any institutional interest in Bitcoin and cryptocurrency mining? Ishan Pandey: Do you see any institutional interest in Bitcoin and cryptocurrency mining? Joe Downie: Yes we do, especially over the last 12 months, and it shows in the USA, where the publicly traded miners have seen a massive increase in interest. As people start to understand more about how cryptocurrency works, they want to get to the source, and that source is mining. Joe Downie: Ishan Pandey: According to you, what new trends and events can we see in 2024 that may impact the blockchain industry? Ishan Pandey: According to you, what new trends and events can we see in 2024 that may impact the blockchain industry? Joe Downie: I think this year we will see some ‘consolidation of innovation’ and a lot of legitimacy added to the industry, which will see bigger players and investors looking closer to the possibilities of blockchain. This will likely lead to the revival of some aspects, for example, multi-chains and layer 2 technologies, but I don’t think anything groundbreaking or new will come just yet. I think this year the trend will be very much focused on Bitcoin, and that will bring attention to the Lightning Network. Joe Downie: Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program . HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

Joe Downie Reveals NiceHash's Marketing Secrets Driving Crypto Adoption

Race conditions are the bitter truth of concurrent applications. But why would anyone call a race condition nice? The fascination of this race condition lies in its subtlety on the outside, countered by the intricate complexities under the hood. It is probably the reason why people call it a . Nice Race Condition Despite the disagreement on the naming, this race condition serves as an amazing case study of how seemingly innocent programs can fail in concurrent settings. In this blog, we will dissect this race condition. We will understand how and why this race condition occurs and what are some ways to eliminate this race condition in our applications. Let us Start… Consider the following Java code: public class NiceRC {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Map<Object, Object> unsafeMap = new HashMap<>();
        final List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            threads.add(new Thread(() -> {
                for (int j = 0; j < 100000; ++j) {
                    unsafeMap.put(new Object(), new Object());
                }
            }));
        }
        threads.forEach(Thread::start);
        threads.forEach(thread -> {
            try {
                thread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        System.out.println("Size of unsafeMap: " + unsafeMap.size());
    }

} I strongly suggest giving the code above a thorough read before proceeding. In this code, we start 5 threads and each thread adds around 100k entries to a shared map called . unsafeMap If you were to run this code multiple times, it won’t be long before you come across an instance where the code fails to terminate. It goes in some sort of infinite loop! But why? No section of our code could cause an infinite loop. Turns out there is a race condition at play. But before talking about the race condition, let us take a refresher on Java’s HashMap. This will be necessary to understand what is happening under the hood! HashMap’s Internal HashMap is a hash table-based implementation for a Map. A hash function is used to map a key to a bucket/slot from which the desired value can be found by traversing a Linked List. Following is the definition of the Entry class used to represent nodes of the Linked List inside a HashMap, static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> 
{
        final K key;
        V value;
        Entry<K,V> next;
        int hash;
} When the number of key-value pairs kept in a HashMap exceeds a threshold, it needs to resize its internal array and re-hash all the elements. This process is called or . rehashing resizing Here is a part of the code that performs this resizing: // Transfer method in java.util.HashMap -
  // called to resize the hashmap
  
  for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
    Entry e = src[j];
    if (e != null) {
      src[j] = null;
      do {
        Entry next = e.next;
        int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
        e.next = newTable[i];
        newTable[i] = e;
        e = next;
     } while (e != null);
   }
 } Let us take an example to understand how this code works. rehashing Consider a map with two buckets and three elements. At this point, a resizing operation takes place to increase the number of buckets to 4. All three map elements will be rehashed. Keys A and B will be hashed to Bucket 3, while key C will be hashed to Bucket 1. After one iteration of the loop, the following will be the state of this map. Node A is plucked from the original bucket and is added to the front of the new bucket. After yet another iteration of this loop, we will have node B added to the head of Bucket 3. With one more iteration, the rehashing process is completed. This is the final state of the map. To the Race Condition… With all that knowledge of HashMap’s internals, we are all set to uncover the race condition that plagued our class. NiceRC Consider again the following map with two buckets and three elements. But this time, two threads attempt to perform the resizing/rehashing operation concurrently. Let us call these threads ‘Thread 1’ and ‘Thread 2’. Now we will see how interleaving of two resizing operations could lead to an infinite loop. Consider the first thread entering the resizing loop first. It initializes its and variables. Then for some reason, thread 1 stops. It gets kicked out of the CPU for any reason possible. e next ( ) For clarity variables for the thread are suffixed with thread number // Transfer method in java.util.HashMap -
  // called to resize the hashmap
  
  for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
    Entry e = src[j];
    if (e != null) {
      src[j] = null;
      do {
        Entry next = e.next;
        // THREAD 1 STOPS HERE
        int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
        e.next = newTable[i];
        newTable[i] = e;
        e = next;
     } while (e != null);
   }
 } This is the state of thread 1 local variables at the time of eviction. Assume that while thread 1 is evicted out of CPU, thread 2 does not and completes the resizing process. This is now the new state of our map. Note that the resizing process does not clone Entry objects, so and still refer to valid objects in the new state. However, the next relation has now changed, in a wrong way. e1 next1 At this point, thread 1 is scheduled again and it starts its execution from where it left. It adds node A to the front of the new bucket. In the next iteration, variables and are updated to point to node B and node A respectively. With this, we add node B to the front of the new bucket. e1 next1 Next, we update the variable to pointer to node A. Since node A has no next node, now pointer to null. e1 next1 Our algorithm (again) tries to add node A to the front of the new bucket. With that the structure of our map is successfully corrupted! Any future operation that tries to add or get element from this corrupted bucket would end up in an infinite loop. This is exactly what happened with our class. NiceRC Utilizing non-thread-safe classes in a concurrent environment poses inherent risks. Even if your system can handle race conditions, there is always the possibility of unexpected interleaving of operations that could lead to system failures. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to employ thread-safe implementations for data structures when working in a multi-threaded environment. Also published here.

Why Would Anyone Call a Race Condition Nice?

These days, social media plays an integral part in life, influencing how we communicate, obtain information, and share information with each other. Although less than 30 years old [1], we have seen a huge evolution of platforms like Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, and LinkedIn: Facebook is now Meta and owns WhatsApp, Instagram, and Threads; Twitter is X. Both are owned by billionaires who have anticipated technological trends, capitalized on these opportunities and pioneered the way for a rapidly innovative industry. The biggest driving success of social media, from a business point of view, is consumer data. A large majority of social media platforms are free of charge and are able to operate this way because you’re allowing them access to your data in return. With this, companies like Meta have been able to shape social media content and interactions. This is something that can be viewed as beneficial or unethical depending on the intent and use case, with issues like privacy and manipulation far from uncommon now. In this article, we will be delving into the ethics of using and algorithms in social media, examining how they help personalize content, potentially leading to bias and echo chambers, and the future of AI in social media platforms. AI A Brief History of Algorithms and Their Increasing Use Cases in Social Media ‘An algorithm is a series of instructions designed to solve specific problems, perform tasks, or make decisions’ [2]. In social media, these instructions govern user experiences such as content ranking, filtering, and personalization, typically based on trends for different consumer groups. This allows you as the user to find content that will interest you much faster, as it is likely to appear on For You Pages without you having to search for it. Algorithms haven’t always been used in social media. It was in 2009 that Tumblr and Facebook introduced ranking metrics and personalized feeds. In 2012, more followed suit. Facebook upped its algorithmic use in its news feed and introduced sponsored content [3]. began a “semi-structured feed,” and YouTube introduced a ranking algorithm, prioritizing watch time over quantity [4]. Since then, algorithms’ roles in such social media have only continued to increase. By 2015, machine learning was starting to play a role in sorting and filtering algorithms, underpinned by developments in Big Data efforts. 2016’s political events like the Trump election and Brexit referendum (and a pivotal year in the Cambridge Analytica scandal) then brought to public attention some of the ethical dilemmas surrounding such heavy and increasing use of algorithms and user data collection in social media. LinkedIn These days, AI-powered algorithms are built so precisely they recommend content based on your specific previous interactions on the platform, with growing user data allowing social media companies to eliminate a significant majority of any guesswork. Documentaries like The Social Dilemma [5] and The Great Hack [6] give some insight into just how engineered some of these algorithms are, often with the end goal of keeping a user on their platform for longer and driving interaction with the platform. While increased user interaction means more data for social media companies to collect, tweak, and repeat this process, this goal does not take into consideration what’s best for the user and wider society with regard to social media consumption. Ethical Issues Stemming from Algorithmic Bias Algorithms can perpetuate harmful biases, and in the context of social media, this often manifests as the reinforcement of stereotypes and limited exposure to diverse viewpoints. Culminated over time, this can fuel discrimination, polarise electorates, and even contribute to extremism and right-wing/autocratic populism, which exploit societal divisions. At a low level of impact, examples of algorithmic bias could include job postings for certain industries, e.g., LinkedIn being shown more to men than women, because the training data sets the algorithms were modeled on predict that more men are likely to work in those roles. While this doesn’t necessarily have an immediately obvious harmful impact, it creates a negative feedback loop that works against society’s goals to improve equality and representation across workplaces and specific industries. In this way, gender bias is perpetuated as a result of algorithmic bias by limiting opportunities for women to see those ads. Now, to delve deeper into the higher-level implications of algorithmic bias, we will examine the 2016 Trump election as a case study. Case Study: How Algorithms Affected Polarization/Echo Chambers in Trump 2016 Election Throughout the course of the 2016 US presidential election, research has shown that algorithms may have exacerbated political polarization by amplifying echo chambers and limiting the electorate’s exposure to diverse viewpoints. Many think it was this mechanism that allowed Trumpism to run rampant and also why so few people predicted his victory [7], as these dynamics were not fully understood nor visible during the election period. Even on social media, therefore, it seems true that ‘birds of a feather flock together’ [8]. Algorithms tailor content to align with users' preferences, shielding them from opposing views and opinions, and creating ‘filter bubbles’. In turn, some individuals within these filter bubbles continue the positive reinforcement of their views by further isolating themselves within digital environments where their beliefs and opinions are echoed and even more so reinforced. These are called ‘echo chambers’. Essentially, social media fosters an environment in which we all ingest such extremely personalized news and content feeds that we become blind to others’ differing perspectives. Currently, it is not clear from research whether social media only serves as a platform allowing echo chambers to emerge or whether its use of algorithms goes so far as to play a role in creating these echo chambers[8]. The 2016 Trump win shows how social media companies’ agendas can have widespread consequences affecting millions of people, which, while unintended, are still hugely impactful and also unethical. We know that social media algorithms are designed to maximize user engagement and retention by serving content tailored to individual preferences. Now, though, we also see how this applies even to political conversations, leveraging users’ political leanings and vulnerabilities. Who knows how the election would have played out if algorithms weren’t impacting people’s personal political beliefs? And how does this affect democracy and political stability? If people are not aware of these manipulations, can the outcomes be considered fair and valid? The Future of AI in Social Media The role of algorithms and AI in social media is only continuing to evolve alongside our innovations within those fields. From AI-generated content to AI-powered algorithms allowing the precision we touched on earlier, the ethical challenges that come with its integration into social media will similarly need to be increasingly considered. This needs to start with addressing algorithmic biases and promoting algorithmic transparency in social media platforms. Future policy considerations and regulations will play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of AI use in social media. There is already growing attention being given to the need for algorithmic regulation and protection from the harm these invisible biases can cause, especially in the US. So far, initiatives include[9]: The “Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022” The “Eliminating Bias in Algorithmic Systems Act of 2023” The “AI Bill of Rights” While there are more frameworks currently being drawn up in the proposal stages, there is still insufficient regulation of such powerful technologies when we consider the impact they already have. Striking a delicate balance between innovation and safeguarding user interests will require a collaborative approach involving technology companies, policymakers, and users alike. Social media does have the power to be a force for good, uniting communities and fostering inclusivity; however, without adequate frameworks and regulations protecting user rights, its use of AI and algorithms also has the power to be destructive to individuals and wider society. References [1] . The Evolution of Social Media: How Did It Begin, and Where Could It Go Next? | Maryville Online [2] Everything You Need to Know About Social Media Algorithms [3] Facebook's News Feed is 10 years old. This is how the site has changed | World Economic Forum [4] a history of - social media algorithms [5] Watch The Social Dilemma | Netflix Official Site [6] Watch The Great Hack | Netflix Official Site [7] The 'Filter Bubble' Explains Why Trump Won and You Didn't See It Coming [8] How social media echo chambers emerge (and why all your friends think Trump will lose) [9] Eliminating Bias in Algorithmic Systems Act of 2023

AI in Social Media: Ethical Considerations of AI and Algorithms in Shaping Social Media Interactions

সোশ্যাল মিডিয়াতে এআই: সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া ইন্টারঅ্যাকশন গঠনে এআই এবং অ্যালগরিদমের নৈতিক বিবেচনা

KI in sozialen Medien: Ethische Überlegungen zu KI und Algorithmen bei der Gestaltung von Interaktionen in sozialen Medien

IA en las redes sociales: consideraciones éticas de la IA y los algoritmos para dar forma a las interacciones en las redes sociales

L'IA dans les médias sociaux : considérations éthiques sur l'IA et les algorithmes pour façonner les interactions avec les médias sociaux

सोशल मीडिया में एआई: सोशल मीडिया इंटरैक्शन को आकार देने में एआई और एल्गोरिदम के नैतिक विचार

ソーシャルメディアにおける AI: ソーシャルメディアのインタラクションの形成における AI とアルゴリズムの倫理的考慮

소셜 미디어의 AI: 소셜 미디어 상호 작용 형성 시 AI 및 알고리즘에 대한 윤리적 고려 사항

IA nas mídias sociais: considerações éticas de IA e algoritmos na formação de interações nas mídias sociais

ИИ в социальных сетях: этические аспекты ИИ и алгоритмы формирования взаимодействия в социальных сетях

Sosyal Medyada Yapay Zeka: Sosyal Medya Etkileşimlerini Şekillendirmede Yapay Zeka ve Algoritmalara İlişkin Etik Hususlar

AI trong truyền thông xã hội: Những cân nhắc về mặt đạo đức đối với AI và thuật toán trong việc định hình các tương tác trên truyền thông xã hội

社交媒体中的人工智能：人工智能和算法在塑造社交媒体互动方面的伦理考量

Elevating Software Quality: A Guide to Effective Code Reviews

Benchmarking the Computational Performance of Poseidon2 in Plonky3

NYCE.

nycegroup.co

-- employees

Since n.d.

COMPANY RANKING

NYCE.

EVERGREEN INDEX #8199

Representing this company? Click here to claim and customize this page!

NYCE. WIKI

Apply to get your Tech Company News Page live on HackerNoon.com today!

NYCE.

nycegroup.co

-- employees

Since n.d.

COMPANY RANKING

NYCE.

EVERGREEN INDEX #8199

RELATED COMPANIESRANK

STORIES ABOUT NYCE.

Representing this company? Click here to claim and customize this page!

NYCE. WIKI

Apply to get your Tech Company News Page live on HackerNoon.com today!