The Skinny Confidential is heading to Nordstrom. The brand, founded by influencer and podcast ... This marks the brand’s first nationwide retail partnership. More from WWD The 8 Best Mascaras at Target for Fluttery Lashes, Tested and Reviewed by Editors ...

EXCLUSIVE: Lauryn Bosstick’s The Skinny Confidential Launches at Nordstrom

Thanksgiving is still a ways out but the Nordstrom Black Friday sale of 2023 is the perfect opportunity to start shopping early Black Friday deals on clothing, beauty, shoes, and more—all up to 50% off.

20 Nordstrom Black Friday Sale Finds 2023 to Shop Early

JLL claims Paige Jaffe and Mallory Scaccetti "stole confidential information" to start a competing business. An attorney for Jaffe and Scaccetti called the suit an attempt to intimidate and bully the former employees.

JLL accuses former Philadelphia retail team leaders of stealing trade secrets, sues for $800K in unpaid loans

The post The absolute best deals under $50 to grab at Nordstrom this week appeared first on In The Know.

The absolute best deals under $50 to grab at Nordstrom this week

The move marks the first nationwide retail partnership for the company’s beauty brand, which launched in 2021.

The Skinny Confidential lands in Nordstrom

A cleaning employee faces felony charges after police said he is accused of stealing nearly $5,000 worth of women's shoes from a Nordstrom store in Davidson County.

Nordstrom cleaning employee accused of stealing $4K+ of women’s shoes

One of the largest sports retail chains in the U.S. has filed permits to build ... Miami-Dade County for a 147,066-square-foot store at 7239 N. Kendall Drive, where a Nordstrom department store once operated. Nordstrom (NYSE: JWN) closed its Dadeland ...

South FloridaBusiness Journal

This is the fifth consecutive year that Los Angeles has topped out the list after overtaking New York City in 2018.

Retail theft in these 3 California cities among worst in US, study shows

While serving a search warrant, investigators found multiple firearms and merchandise stolen from several stores during a string of organized retail thefts.

Man arrested for organized retail crimes netting more than $100k in LA, Riverside counties

A man was in custody today for allegedly committing organized retail crimes in Los Angeles and Riverside counties that netted more than $100,000 in stolen merchandise, authorities said. Investigators served a warrant Sunday at a residence in Los Angeles and arrested Nickolas Mallory,

Police: Man arrested for organized retail crimes in LA, Riverside Counties

Nordstrom, Inc., a fashion retailer, provides apparels, shoes, cosmetics, and accessories for women, men, young adults, and children. It offers a range of brand name and private label merchandise through various channels, such as Nordstrom branded full-line stores and online store at Nordstrom.com; Nordstrom Rack stores; Nordstromrack.com and HauteLook; Jeffrey boutiques; clearance stores that operate under the Last Chance name; Trunk Club clubhouses and TrunkClub.com; and Nordstrom Locals. As of May 5, 2020, the company operated operates 378 stores in 40 states, including 116 full-line stores in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico; 247 Nordstrom Rack stores; 3 Jeffrey boutiques; 2 clearance stores; 5 Trunk Club clubhouses; and 5 Nordstrom Local service hubs. Nordstrom, Inc. was founded in 1901 and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington.

Nordstrom

Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity

Ever feel like your phone knows you better than your best friend? Does your newsfeed seem less like a window to the world and more like some weird fun-house mirror? Mine too. They may even be a little too good. And they’re only going to get better. But here's the secret: you can opt-out. A growing cadre of tech gurus, renegade artists and unstoppable activists are throwing a wrench in the system. Big Tech's algorithms are good. There was no escape. Breathe, eat, and sleep. That was all there was to life in the machine." - Aldous Huxley, Brave New World is not a word commonly used by the masses. The idea of independence feels like a betrayal. Talking about “freedom” sets off triggers. But autonomy is a dynamic force. Today it’s making a global comeback.  If you look closely you can spot it in  tech, art and activism. Autonomy It adapts and evolves with our ever-changing world. It’s a mindset that says “ ” I’m not going to be controlled by outside forces and external interests. Here’s some non-breaking news. The traditional work compact, in which employees traded hard work and loyalty in exchange for job security is shattered. Thought so. How many times have you gone job-hunting in your life? But consider this. boasts . He remixed the for the most recent Super Bowl in Las Vegas. DJ Steve Aoki more than 3 billion music streams NFL on CBS theme Here’s what he said at Gala Music: “In the 10 years I’ve been making music … six albums, and all those advances … in one drop last year in NFTs, I made more money.” - Steve Aoki Want to opt-out and join the revolution? Connect with techs and developers building a . Why give your personal information to some faceless corporation? web where you are in control Learn from artists minting their creations as . For the first time, it’s possible to cut out the middleman and take ownership of your work. Discover how activists bypass the financial gatekeepers. Now you can use crowdfunding to fuel your movements directly from the people. NFTs Keep reading to see how the coolest tools and platforms are putting you back in control. Let’s get this show on the road. Get ready for an empowered future. The Rise of Autonomy Early in my entrepreneurial journey, a millionaire mentor gave me some advice on autonomy. He said, “ How often are your decisions based on your own values and goals? Norm whoever controls your time controls your income. I suggest it be you who does it.” The concept drove my parents. “Get an education. Get a good job. Retire there.” In their day people often stayed with the same company for their entire career. They were even called “a company man” or “company gal.” Life goals consisted of building deep connections with colleagues and a strong sense of pride in your work. company loyalty https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4F9u8Z84YI&embedable=true Back then companies invested in their employees through training programs and full benefits. When I started in sales my big tech employer had a “no-layoff” policy (it ended while I was there). The global creator economy is projected to reach $104.2 billion by 2028, reflecting the increasing number of individuals leveraging online platforms to express themselves creatively and generate income independently. - Creator Economy Over the course of several decades, cracks began to appear in the model. Tech advancements led to increased job insecurity. One of the first job killers I remember was voicemail. Yep. It eliminated the need for receptionists to answer phones, take messages, and write them down on those little pink slips for salespeople returning to the office. Wage freezes and layoffs increased and the "good job" became less common. As the internet took hold in the 90’s globalization became sexy. The social contract between employer and employee collapsed, Companies chased cheap labor and maximum profits for shareholders -  wherever they could find them. But in public, they sought to maintain the illusion of the Golden Age. Their corporate PR departments were quite busy. Today despite the perception of freedom your autonomy is limited. own social media networks. They control the search engines and video production platforms. Their TOS and centralization secure their dominance. Maximize profits for the few. Sound familiar? This traditional model locks out millions of creators worldwide. Big tech giants “The goal of most people for the last half century was to get the good job that paid well with benefits..” - Anthony Spadafore, Director Pathfinders Autonomy Success Story My friend Sarah is a graphic designer with six years of experience. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she lost her job at a big ad agency. After chasing hundreds of job posts she decided to be her own boss. Now she works remotely as a freelance designer. Instead of being assigned clients, she sets her own schedule. Her boring projects got replaced by gigs that aligned with her interests. She earns more on her own than she did going into the office. And now she finds personal meaning in her work. The Back-to-Office Push and the Autonomy Challenge A remote work revolution is sweeping around the world. Set free from the confines of the physical office, employees are discovering a newfound sense of autonomy. Do you thrive in an environment tailored to your work style? Can you manage your schedule and responsibilities better with more flexibility? For most of us, the answer is YES! This newfound control increases productivity and boosts morale. Many companies are actively encouraging, some even demanding, a return to “in-office” work. Their  push-back against remote work poses a challenge to employee autonomy. But big business CEOs, government bureaucrats, and even Elon Musk don’t like it. Here's why: :  Remote work helps employees manage their work schedules around personal needs and responsibilities. If your productivity is solid and profits are up why poke the bear? A forced return to the office disrupts this balance and increases stress. Goodbye Flexibility, Hello Frustration : It’s the time and money stupid. We all have 24 hours in our day. Having to commute to the office, pay to park, and upgrade your wardrobe eats into personal time and monthly budgets. The impact on working parents or people with long commutes is huge. The Commute Crisis : Most employees I speak with enjoy the flexibility and convenience of working from home. Some never had this opportunity before COVID-19. Now they realize they can do their job more conveniently. Forcing them back into the office feels like a slap in the face. Morale Killer I think companies that are inflexible with remote work options will lose valuable talent. The job market is competitive. The creator economy allows people like my friend Sarah to level up their skills and create jobs for themselves. The pull of autonomy is strong. Collaboration: Tech, Art and Activism Disruption accelerates when tech, art and activism come together. From interactive installations to digital art platforms, technology has enabled artists to reach wider audiences. You can also spark important conversations about social issues and reform. Techpreneurs are launching tools that empower artists and activists. Modern artists are wielding technology to create art that raises awareness for social causes. Activist groups are reaching a global audience with every social media post. This is the future we're building. A world where creative expression meets social justice. And the power of technology is at the core. - Norm Bond Tech Creators Build Worlds Beyond Reality Tech developers and creators are building alternative platforms to traditional activities. Can you imagine stepping into a painting instead of just looking at it in a museum? You can with . Van Gogh Exhibit: The Immersive Experience The exhibition has been ! This blend of art and cutting-edge technology ranks among the 12 best immersive experiences in the world by CNN. touring since 2017 with +5,000,000 visitors Take a walk alongside Van Gogh during a visually rich journey. It’s a 20,000 square feet sound and light spectacular. The two-story projections leave visitors in awe. You discover the inspiration behind eight of Van Gogh’s iconic works. is one of my favorites. The Starry Night Artists Go Indie with Tech Blockchain technology provides innovative tools for artists to monetize their work through smart contracts, NFTs and crypto. This strategy allows creators to sell their work directly to collectors . Artists are creating digital art and minting it as NFTs. without the need for traditional galleries or intermediaries London's glitchy artist , averaging over $23,000 per sale and topping the charts. His work captivates collectors and redefines the limits of digital art. His signature style is a mesmerizing blend of flashing visuals and dark themes (his website includes a flashing media warning). XCOPY is minting millions with his dystopian NFTs Here’s the thing. XCOPY’s work isn't just visually arresting. Sure there are lots of flashy NFTs and dystopian styles. But his NFT’s spark conversations. He challenges the status quo in the art world. He’s using his creativity to provide a unique commentary on our digital age. . Is a sign of a future where artists control their destinies, or a blip in a system that still favors the powerful? Don’t just wait to see what happens. Take action on YOUR dream. Telling your own story and controlling distribution is an expression of autonomy XCOPY How Activists Use Tech to Win The murder of George Floyd was recorded and spread virally across social media. It ignited Black Lives Matter like a rocket. This wasn't just a tragic event. It was a spark that . The case study reveals how activists can use social media to amplify their message. Consider this. lit the fuse of a movement already simmering online In the month Floyd’s murder, was tweeted more than 400 thousand times. But in the month , the . before #BlackLivesMatter after hashtag spiked and was shared more than 100 million times Nordstrom posted #BlackLivesMatter to Facebook and received more than 5-million likes. The from the brand. engagement was nearly 90 times the level of typical posts Colleges and universities joined in. More than 107 shared . Healthcare systems, nonprofits, corporations, and sports teams also climbed on the #BlackLivesMatter juggernaut. #BlackLivesMatter The entire internet was ablaze with social posts, videos, CEO statements, and brand platitudes to support this trending social movement. It shook the system. The Future of Autonomy The dream of dumping the 9-to-5 and living life on your terms is more than just a hashtag. It’s a call to action. One fueled by a deep desire for autonomy – the freedom to create, work, and live by your own rules. Don’t let it just be a pipe dream. The total value locked (TVL) in DeFi protocols surpassed $300 billion in 2023, demonstrating the growing interest in alternative financial systems that promote individual control over assets and transactions. - DeFi Pulse Revolutionary art movements, tech-driven innovation, and modern activism are converging. This shift provides a path to an exciting future. Break free from traditional structures. Now is your chance to build something empowering. It's a world where you can set the pace, call the shots, and shape your days around your passions. There are lots of challenges ahead. Working together is often necessary for maximum impact. Finding the right balance between maintaining individual artistic vision and working within a collective - can be difficult. But let's keep it real. Breaking free from traditional structures means leaving the financial security that these systems can provide. Artists, activists and techs still have bills to pay. Do you have alternative means of funding your work in place? With the rise of new technologies, there’s a need to ensure that ethical practices are followed. You need to address concerns regarding data privacy. There are questions regarding intellectual property rights to be sorted. The environmental impact of tech-driven projects like crypto and NFTs are a dealbreaker for some people. These challenges will have to be met to increase adoption and scale. They require innovative solutions, resilience and funding. To build a more equitable and creative future demands continuous learning and adaptation. Conclusion We’ve covered a lot. You know the journey toward autonomy is an exciting yet challenging one. This trend in tech, art and activism is attracting more people looking for a way out. The digital age provides new tools to take control of your life. It has never been easier to express yourself and reach a target audience. Artists can leverage blockchain technology. Tech creators can build alternative platforms. Activists can fuel movements without traditional limits. Working collectively can exponentially grow results for both individuals and organizations. But the road ahead is not all roses and sunshine. Challenges include navigating concerns about the environment. Ethical considerations riddle the increased use of AI and ML. Building tools that engage marginalized communities is critical in a market-based economy. Long-established traditional systems are not going to just roll over and embrace change. So take the long view if you want to embrace this autonomy trend. If you’re an artist, technologist or activist it’s time to redefine the possible. I’m in. Let’s create and cause the change you want to see. right here on HN to connect. Visit my profile

Breaking Rules: Autonomy in Tech, Art and Activism

নিয়ম ভাঙা: প্রযুক্তি, শিল্প এবং সক্রিয়তায় স্বায়ত্তশাসন

Regeln brechen: Autonomie in Technologie, Kunst und Aktivismus

Rompiendo reglas: autonomía en tecnología, arte y activismo

Briser les règles : autonomie dans la technologie, l'art et l'activisme

नियम तोड़ना: तकनीक, कला और सक्रियता में स्वायत्तता

ルールの破り: テクノロジー、アート、アクティビズムにおける自律性

규칙 위반: 기술, 예술 및 행동주의의 자율성

Quebrando regras: autonomia em tecnologia, arte e ativismo

Нарушение правил: автономия в технологиях, искусстве и активизме

Kuralları Çiğnemek: Teknolojide, Sanatta ve Aktivizmde Özerklik

Phá vỡ các quy tắc: Quyền tự chủ trong công nghệ, nghệ thuật và hoạt động

打破规则：科技、艺术和行动主义的自主性

Author(s): (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Brief Review of Wedge Holography Emerging Multiverse from Wedge Holography Application to Information Paradox Application to Grandfather Paradox Conclusion Acknowledgements and References 6 Conclusion In this work, we propose the existence of a multiverse in the Karch-Randall braneworld using the idea of wedge holography. Multiverse is described in the sense that if we talk about 2n universes, then those will be represented by Karch-Randall branes embedded in the bulk. These branes will contain black holes or not that can be controlled by gravitational action. We studied three cases: • We constructed mutiverse from d-dimensional Karch-Randall branes embedded in AdSd+1 in section 3.1. The geometry of these branes is AdSd. In this case, the multiverse consists of 2n anti de-Sitter branes and all are connected to each other at the defect via transparent boundary conditions. Multiverse consists of AdS branes exists forever once created. • We constructed multiverse from d-dimensional de-Sitter spaces on Karch-Randall branes embedded in (d + 1)-dimensional bulk AdSd+1 in 3.2. Multiverse made up of 2n de-Sitter branes has a short lifetime. All the de-Sitter branes in this setup should be created and annihilated at the same time. Defect CFT is a non-unitary conformal field theory becauseof dS/CFT correspondence. • We also discussed why it is not possible to describe multiverse as a mixture of d-dimensional de-Sitter and anti de-Sitter spacetimes in the same bulk in section 3.3. We can have the multiverse with anti de-Sitter branes (M1) or de-Sitter branes (M2) but not the mixture of the two. Because AdS branes intersect at “time-like” boundary and de-Sitter branes intersect at “space-like” boundary of the bulk AdSd+1. Universes in M1 can communicate with each other, similarly, M2 consists of communicating de-Sitter branes but M1 can’t communicate with M2 As a consistency check of the proposal, we calculated the Page curves of two black holes for n = 2 multiverse. We assumed that black hole and bath systems between −2ρ ≤ r ≤ 2ρ and −ρ ≤ r ≤ ρ. In this case, we found that entanglement entropy contribution from the Hartman-Maldacena surfaces has a linear dependence on time for the AdS and Schwarzschild black holes and it is zero for the de-Sitter black hole, whereas island surfaces contributions are constant. Therefore this reproduces the Page curve. Using this idea, we obtain the Page curve of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole and one can also do the same for Reissner-Nordström deSitter black hole. This proposal is helpful in the computation of the Page curve of black holes with multiple horizons from wedge holography. We also discussed the possibility of getting a Page curve of these black holes using two Karch-Randall branes, one as a black hole and the other as a bath. In this case, there will be an issue in defining the island surface and identifying what kind of radiation we are getting. For example, when a Karch-Randall brane consists of black hole and cosmological event horizons, i.e., Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole on the brane, the observer collecting the radiation will not be able to identify clearly whether it is Hawking radiation or Gibbons-Hawking radiation. We checked our proposal for very simple examples without DGP term on the Karch-Randall branes, but one can also talk about massless gravity by adding the DGP term on the KarchRandall branes [35]. In this case, tensions of the branes will recieve correction from the extra term in (11). Further, we argued that one could resolve the “grandfather paradox” using this setup where all universes communicate via transparent boundary conditions at the interface point. To avoid the paradox, one can travel to another universe where his grandfather is not living, so he can’t kill his grandfather. We have given a qualitative idea to resolve the “grandfather paradox” but detailed analysis requires more research in this direction using wedge holography. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld: Conclusion

কার্চ-র্যান্ডাল ব্রেনওয়ার্ল্ডে মাল্টিভার্স: উপসংহার

Multiversum in Karch-Randall Braneworld: Fazit

Multiverso en Karch-Randall Braneworld: Conclusión

Multivers dans Karch-Randall Braneworld : conclusion

कर्च-रान्डेल ब्रैनवर्ल्ड में मल्टीवर्स: निष्कर्ष

カーチ・ランダル・ブレーンワールドの多元宇宙: 結論

Karch-Randall Braneworld의 다중우주: 결론

Multiverso em Karch-Randall Braneworld: Conclusão

Мультивселенная в мире бран Карча-Рэндалла: заключение

Karch-Randall Braneworld'deki Çoklu Evren: Sonuç

Đa vũ trụ trong Karch-Randall Braneworld: Kết luận

卡奇-兰德尔薄膜世界中的多重宇宙：结论

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography APPENDIX C C.1 Complex Extrinsic Curvatures and Riemann Tensors We can go from complex Riemann tensors to real Riemann tensors by using the following coordinate transformations: Similarly to calculate the second term is holographic entanglement entropy formula we use the following coordinate transformations: Hence by using equation (C.4) we can obtain the second term appearing in holographic entanglement entropy formula in terms of the real coordinates (t, x) using the coordinate transformations given below: C.2 HM-Like/IS Analytics/Numerics In the present appendix, we describe (i) the angular integrations utilized throughout the computation and the equation describing the area of a Hartman-Maldacena-like surface, and (ii) the process by which we estimate the turning point in the context of Island Surface entanglement entropy. C.2.1 HM-Like Surface Area C.2.2 IS Turning Point C.3 Hartman-Maldacena-like Surface Miscellania We present numerous r dependent functions that appear in the entanglement entropy formula to describe the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface at O(β 0 ) and O(β) in this appendix. We also calculated the equation of motion pertaining to the embedding function associated with the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface. • The r dependent functions appearing in equation (7.57) are given as: • In the case of the existence of higher derivative terms, the following have been used to compute the first and second terms of holographic entanglement entropy computation: and where • To derive the equation of motion associated with embedding t(r), we must compute the derivatives that result from equation (7.56): and where C.4 Island Surface Miscellania We enumerate the many functions that emerge from the entanglement entropy of the island surface at O(β) in this appendix. We additionally calculated the derivatives of the Lagrangian associated with the island surface here, which were utilized to calculate the equation of motion concerning the island surface’s embedding. • The following terms (λ3,4(r)) exist in the Wald entanglement entropy term (first term of holographic entanglement entropy (7.78)) of the island surface: where κλ3 and κλ4 being the numerical factors. • The r dependent functions appeared in the anomaly term (the second term of holographic entanglement entropy (7.78)) are as follows: • For the action associated with the island surface’s embedding (7.79), we obtained: and, and, C.5 Possible Terms Appearing in Holographic Entanglement Entropies Within this appendix, we provided all of the terms that could possibly be obtained by differentiating the Lagrangian of the M-theory dual, including O(R4 ) corrections. We have included all of the words associated with the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface in C.5.1, and all of the available terms of the island surface in C.5.2. C.5.1 Hartman-Maldacena-like Surface • √ −g (7.23): Associated with the Induced Metric The equation (C.30) suggests that in the large-N limit, (iii) and (iv) terms correspond to the most dominant terms. where there is no N dependence in G1(r) and G2(r). The terms (v) and (xii) are the most prominent in the large-N limit among all the terms stated above. where G3(r) and G4(r) have no N dependence. The terms (v) and (xii) are the most dominant in the large-N limit. Since, only first term is non-zero, and hence this contributes to the Lagrangian. For the above equation, we found that all the three non-zero terms scale as N, and hence we kept all the non-zero terms in the Lagrangian. C.5.2 Island Surface • √ −g (7.40): Associated with the Induced Metric In the large N limit, terms (iii) and (iv) turn out to be the most dominant. where G5(r) and G6(r) do not depend on N. We found that, terms (v) and (xii) dominate in comparison to other terms in the large N limit. where G7(r) and G8(r) independent of N and the most dominant terms are (v) and (xii) in the larg-N limit. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Aspects of Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Appendix C

Aspects of Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Bibliography

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography Similarly, the profile function of the π-meson is given as [2, 83]: We showed that UV valued profile functions are [2, 83]: This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Aspects of Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Appendix A

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography CHAPTER 10 - CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK In this part of the thesis, we have studied the resolution of information paradox using various proposals, e.g., island proposal, doubly holographic setup, and wedge holography. In this process, we addressed the following issues: • How do the higher derivative terms in the gravitational actions affect the Page curve? • How to obtain the Page curve of black holes with multiple horizons, e.g., Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole? • Can we describe the “Multiverse” using wedge holography? We started with a very simple example and considered the Reissner Nordström black hole in the presence of O(R2) terms as higher derivative terms, which is a non-holographic model. We considered the two kinds of HD terms: Gauss-Bonnet term and general O(R2) as considered in [141]. Following is the summary of key results obtained in chapter 6 which is based on [10]. • The Page curves of Reissner Nordström black hole are shifting towards later times or earlier times when Gauss-Bonnet coupling (α) increases or decreases. This implies that Page time is being affected due to the presence of HD terms. As soon as islands contribute to the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation, we get the information from the black hole. Hence, “dominance of islands” in the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation to compute the Page curve is affected by the higher derivative terms. • We found that scrambling time is affected when we have some other general O(R2) terms, including the Gauss-Bonnet term. In contrast, it is unaffected when we consider only the Gauss-Bonnet term as the higher derivative term. • We showed that our results are consistent with the literature by taking the α → 0 limit. We recover the results of [172] in this limit. We studied the black hole information problem in chapter 8 based on the paper [12] and proposed a method to resolve the information paradox of black holes with multiple horizons. We focused on the Schwarzschild de-Sitter (SdS) black hole, which has two horizons: black hole and de-Sitter horizons. To obtain the Page curve of the black hole, we inserted thermal opaque membranes on both sides so that an observer living on the black hole side can access only the radiation of the black hole patch. We used the island proposal to define the radiation regions in the black hole patch. In this case, gravity is not negligible enough, but one can use the island proposal in the approximation that the observer is very far away from the black hole. Hence, we can use the island proposal. We computed the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation in the absence and presence of the island surface. After plotting these contributions together, we obtained the Page curve of the black hole patch. We also studied the effect of temperature on the Page curves of black holes. We found that lowtemperature black holes take too much time to deliver the information out of the black holes compared to high-temperature black holes. In the language of entanglement islands, this result is interpreted as follows. “Dominance of islands” and “information recovery” and hence Page time is higher for low-temperature black holes because when islands contribute to the entanglement entropy, we get information from the black hole. In this kind of black hole, it is not possible to obtain the Page curve of the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole as a whole due to asymmetrical regions on both sides of the SdS black hole. We constructed the doubly holographic setup from a top-down approach in chapter 7 based on our work [11]. In our setup, the bulk is the eleven-dimensional M-theory uplift inclusive of O(R4) corrections of type IIB string dual constructed in [1]. The external bath to collect the Hawking radiation is a non-conformal thermal QCD bath. We obtained the Page curve of the eternal neutral black hole by computing the entanglement entropies of Hartman-Maldacena and island surfaces in the absence and presence of O(R4) terms. When O(R4) terms are absent, then we obtained the entanglement entropies by computing the areas of extremal surfaces, whereas in the presence of higher derivative terms, we used Dong’s formula to calculate the entanglement entropies. Let us compare the doubly holographic setup constructed from the bottom-up approach and our setup. • Bottom-up double holography with CFT bath: Three descriptions of the doubly holographic setup is given as below. d-dimensional BCFT living at AdSd+1-boundary with (d − 1)-dimensional defect. – Boundary Description: Gravity on d-dimensional end-of-the-world brane coupled to d-dimensional BCFT via transparent boundary condition at the defect. – Intermediate Description: d-dimensional BCFT has its own holographic dual which is AdSd+1. – Bulk Description: Top-down model has three following descriptions similar to the bottom-up model. • M theory brane description of top-down double holography with QCD bath: QCD2+1 is living at the tip of the conifold i.e. at r = 0. – Boundary-like Description: Black M5-brane which contains black hole coupled to QCD2+1 bath living at M2 brane. – Intermediate Description: QCD2+1 has holographic dual which is eleven dimensional M theory. – Bulk Description: Following are the key results that we obtained in chapter 7. • In doubly holographic setups, it was found that one could get the Page curve with massive gravity on the end-of-the-world brane. In our setup, we explicitly showed that this is not the case in the top-down model. We computed the spectrum of graviton on the end-of-the-world brane and found that one could get the Page curve with massless graviton localized on the end-of-the-world brane. • We found that O(R4 ) terms do not affect the Page curve in this setup because contributions to the entanglement entropies are large-N exponentially suppressed. This exponential large-N suppression exists because of massless graviton on the brane. • We showed that no boundary terms arise on the end-of-the-world brane even in the presence of O(R4 ) terms in the bulk, and end-of-the-world brane turns out to be a “fluxed hypersurface” with non-zero tension. • Hartman-Maldacena surface entanglement entropy also exhibits “Swiss-Cheese” structure in large-N scenario. In chapter 9 (which is based on the work done in [13]), we used wedge holography to describe multiverse. The multiverse is constructed as follows. In wedge holography, we have two Karch-Randall branes, and these branes are joined at the defect. The setup is mathematically consistent only if the bulk metric satisfies the Neumann boundary condition (NBC) on the branes. The geometry of the branes can be anti de-Sitter, de-Sitter, or flat space, depending upon the bulk metric. We showed that one can construct a setup of 2n Karch-Randall branes in wedge holography, and the bulk metric still satisfies NBC on the 2n branes. These branes are located at r = ±nρ. We can localize the gravity on these branes using braneworld holography [142, 143]. Therefore, we have 2n branes embedded in the bulk. The geometry of these branes can be anti de-Sitter or de-Sitter or flat space but not the mixture of any two. Hence, we have a multiverse that is made up of 2n gravitating systems. Due to transparent boundary conditions at the defect, various universes existing in the multiverse can communicate with each other. If we consider two multiverses, then there will be the communication of the universes in a specific multiverse but not between the two multiverses. This model applies to the Page curve of black holes with multiple horizons. We explicitly did this for Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole and argued that we could get the Page curve of the SdS black hole by taking two copies of wedge holography so that one copy describes the Schwarzschild patch with flat space branes and the other copy describes the de-Sitter patch with two de-Sitter branes. By doing so obtained the Page curve of Schwarzschild and de-Sitter patches separately, similar to [12] and concluded that we couldn’t get the Page curve of SdS black hole with two Karch-Randall branes in wedge holography. Since the multiverse consists of communicating universes and hence one could avoid the “grandfather paradox” by not traveling to the universe in which one’s grandfather is living, similar to “many world theory”. In future, we shall work on the following issues: Future Outlook: • Using the doubly holographic setup constructed in chapter 7 from a top-down approach. We will compute the reflected entropy from the bulk point of view [245]. This will shed light on the holographic QCD via gauge-gravity duality. We are interested to see the effect of the O(R4) terms on the reflected entropy and how the higher derivative terms affect the physics of thermal QCD. • We will study the complexity growth of black holes with multiple horizons using the complexity equal volume [246] and complexity equals action proposals [247]. • In chapter 9, we saw that wedge holography is capable of describing the multiverse. The most interesting thing about this setup is that all the universes existing in the multiverse are capable of transferring information with each other. Using this feature, we provided a qualitative resolution of the “grandfather paradox”. We shall work on the more concrete resolution of the “grandfather paradox by providing a quantitative description of the “grandfather paradox” and its resolution. Further, using this setup, we will obtain the Page curve of the Reissner-Nordström de-Sitter black hole. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Conclusion and Future Outlook

ইন্টারমিডিয়েট গেজ/'টি হুফ্ট কাপলিং এ থার্মাল কিউসিডি ফেনোমেনোলজি: উপসংহার এবং ভবিষ্যত আউটলুক

Thermische QCD-Phänomenologie bei Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft-Kopplung: Schlussfolgerung und Zukunftsaussichten

Fenomenología térmica de QCD en el acoplamiento de calibre intermedio/'t Hooft: conclusión y perspectivas futuras

Phénoménologie QCD thermique au couplage jauge intermédiaire/'t Hooft : conclusion et perspectives d'avenir

इंटरमीडिएट गेज/टी हूफ्ट कपलिंग पर थर्मल क्यूसीडी फेनोमेनोलॉजी: निष्कर्ष और भविष्य का दृष्टिकोण

中間ゲージ/'t Hooftカップリングにおける熱QCD現象学：結論と将来の展望

중간 게이지/후프트 커플링의 열적 QCD 현상: 결론 및 향후 전망

Fenomenologia Térmica QCD no Acoplamento Intermediário Gauge/'t Hooft: Conclusão e Perspectivas Futuras

Феноменология термической КХД на промежуточной калибровке и связи Хоофта: заключение и перспективы на будущее

Orta Derecede/'t Toynak Bağlantısında Termal QCD Fenomenolojisi: Sonuç ve Geleceğe Bakış

Hiện tượng QCD nhiệt ở khớp nối trung gian/'t Hooft: Kết luận và triển vọng trong tương lai

中间规格/'t Hooft 耦合的热 QCD 现象学：结论和未来展望

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography CHAPTER 7 - ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY AND PAGE CURVE FROM THE M-THEORY DUAL OF THERMAL QCD ABOVE T AT INTERMEDIATE COUPLING c 7.1 Introduction and Motivation In doubly holographic approaches, as described in 5.3.2 of chapter 5, a gravitational dual black hole is connected with an external CFT bath [202]. As an illustration, gravity in d-dimensions is connected with the external bath in d-dimensions, wherein d-dimensional exterior bath possesses a corresponding holographic dual in (d + 1)-dimensions. In such models, we take into consideration two variants of the previously mentioned configuration. We look at two distinct types of extremal surfaces in these models. The very first one corresponds to the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface [144], that begins from the position at which gravity interacts with with an external bath, i.e., at the defect, and traverses the black hole horizon to get to the defect of the thermofield double associated with doubly holographic setups, and the entanglement entropy involvement via the aforementioned surface possesses linear time dependency, leading to information paradox at later times. The other type of surface includes the island surface, that begins at the exterior bath and ends on the KarchRandall brane [142, 143]. The contribution of entanglement entropy coming from the island surface becomes time independent and takes over beyond the Page time. The Page curve is obtained through the combination of the entanglement entropy contributions obtained from both the extremal surfaces. As we discussed in 5.3.2, in some cases, the gravity becomes massive on the Karch-Randall branes, and one was unable to get the Page curve with massless gravity localized on the KarchRandall branes. In this chapter, we have looked at this major issue of doubly holographic setup from M-theory perspective in the presence of O(R4 ) terms in the supergravity action. We have a different situation from the literature that we have a non-conformal bath (QCD bath), and the doubly holographic setup is being constructed from a top-down approach[1] with the inclusion of higher derivative terms in the supergravity action. Interestingly, the issue of the massive graviton is absent in our setup, and one can get the Page curve with massless gravity on the end-of-the-world(ETW) brane. We cannot utilize the island approach for non-conformal backgrounds because currently there is no recognized Cardy-like formula for the non-conformal theories. As a result, we used the previously mentioned doubly holographic frameworks technique to arrive at the Page curve. In the context of our scenario, on the gravity dual side, there is a M-theory dual consisting of higher derivative terms, whereas on the gauge theory side, we find nonconformal thermal QCD-like theories at the intermediate coupling, the model is discussed in 1.4 of chapter 1. In the present chapter, we created a doubly holographic setup analogous to [7,203], where the researchers utilize a conformal theory on their gauge theory side. There are two types of potential surfaces to think about: Hartman-Maldacena-like and island surfaces. The Hartman-Maldacena-like surface has been accountable for the gradual linear temporal growth of Hawking radiation’s entanglement entropy. Above the Page time, the entanglement entropy component via the island surface takes over and this is not dependent upon time, so we extract the Page curve using the M-theory dual, which includes O(R4 ) corrections. As a remark, we used the formula of [127] to compute the entanglement entropy with the inclusion of higher derivative terms and when higher derivative terms are absent then we used the Ryu-Takayanagi formula to compute the entanglement entropy [107]. 7.2 Doubly Holographic Setup in M Theory From the work of [127], we could compute the entanglement entropy associated with holographic dual theories with the inclusion of higher derivative terms. We could express the analogue of the generalised entropy functional described in equation (5.17) using [127] for M-theory dual in the presence of O(R4) terms as follows: and inserting it into (7.20) yields: 7.3.1 At O(β) and we assume the constant is zero. 7.3.2 No Boundary Terms Generated at O(R4) The eleven-dimensional supergravity action, which includes O(R4 ) terms, is presented by the following: where, As a result, we are able to identify that a usual boundary term including covariant derivatives of metric fluctuations that would have to be cancelled out by a suitable boundary term (using Stokes theorem) is: The (dual to the) unit normal vector to provided by: W Hence, Utilizing, 7.4 Page Curve without Higher Derivative Terms Here, we obtained the Page curve using the doubly holographic setup constructed in 7.2. In this part, we do not consider the ( ) terms in the supergravity action. Therefore, we used the Ryu-Takayanagi formula to compute the entanglement entropies of Hartman-Maldacena-like and Island surfaces in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2. The Page curve has been obtained in 7.4.3. In the absence of ( ) terms, the = 1, = 11 supergravity action has been provided as follows: O R4 O R4 N D 7.4.1 Entanglement Entropy Contribution from Hartman-Maldacena-like Surface To calculate the time-dependent entanglement entropy associated with a Hartman-Maldacena-like surface, we first look at the induced metric on a constant x 1 slice, which was calculated utilizing (7.20) as follows: The area density functional for a Hartman-Maldacena-like surface could be calculated using (7.23) as follows: implying Using (7.27) and (7.30), we obtained: Now we identify time via the integral: As a result, the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface’s entanglement entropy is: 7.4.1.1 Hartman-Maldacena-like Surface Analytics/Numerics After integrating all of the angular coordinates and consequently including a (2π) 4 emerging from integration w.r.t. ϕ1,2, ψ, x10, the area corresponding to the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface is obtained as: As a result, the entanglement entropy related with a Hartman-Maldacena-like surface grows linearly with time. 7.4.2 Entanglement Entropy Contribution from Island Surface We take a constant t slice to calculate the entanglement entropy for an island surface. As a result, utilizing equation (7.20), we expressed the induced metric associated with the island surface as follows: where C is the constant. We simplified the expression (7.43) utilizing equation (7.41) as given below: When we solved the preceding equation for x˙(r), we were provided with: Constant could be calculated using the equations (7.45) and (7.46), as shown below: C Taking the previously stated expression of C, the equation (7.44) reduces to the following structure: Now, the area density functional associated with the island surface has been simplified using the equations (7.41) and (7.48). Hence, the entanglement entropy associated with the island surface is obtained as follows: Since, there is no time dependence in (7.50), and hence entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation for the island surface is constant. 7.4.2.1 Island Surface Analytics When (7.49) is evaluated, the entanglement entropy is as follows: implying 7.4.3 Page curve at LO from Areas of Hartman-Maldacena-like and Island Surfaces 7.5 Page Curve with Higher Derivative Terms We obtained the Page curve corresponding to a neutral black hole in with the inclusion of higher derivative terms that are quartic in the Riemann curvature tensor in this section. This section has been broken into four subsections. We calculated the entanglement entropy associated with the HM-like surface in subsection 7.5.1, discussed the “Swiss-Cheese” structure of the identical surface in subsection 7.5.2, computed the entanglement entropy of island surface in 7.5.3, and at last obtained the Page curve corresponding to an eternal black hole in subsection 7.5.4 utilizing the outcomes that were obtained from previous subsections. We conducted the same analysis as in 7.4. [127] was used to compute the entanglement entropy associated with Hartman-Maldacena-like surface and island surface in with the inclusion of higher derivative terms. In generic higher derivative gravity theories, we are able to calculate the holographic entanglement entropy (5.8) as follows: • When the holographic dual consists of a ( + 1) dimensional gravitational background, then with the help of the embedding function, compute the induced metric associated with the co-dimension two surface. d • Using the above-mentioned induced metric, compute (5.8). This yields the holographic entanglement entropy as an expression of the embedding function and its derivatives. • Find the solution to the embedding function’s equation of motion. • In higher derivative gravity theories, putting the solution found in the previous step inside the action yields the holographic entanglement entropy. To determine the second part in the formula (5.8), we must first compute the four types of derivatives for the Hartman-Maldacena-like and island surfaces, which are listed below: The numerator and denominator coefficients in the preceding equation are x = xR for the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface and x = x(r) for the island surface. All four types of variations occurring in equation (7.54) for the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface in appendix C.5.1 and island surface in appendix C.5.2 have been computed and listed. 7.5.1 Entanglement Entropy Contribution from Hartman-Maldacena-like Surface Hartman-Maldacena-like surface in M-theory dual corresponds to a co-dimension two surface situated at x 1 = xR. Utilizing equation (5.8), we are able to write the mathematical expression that describes the entanglement entropy associated with a Hartman-Maldacena-like surface as follows: where g denotes determinant of the induced metric defined in (7.23) for the co-dimension two surface. For the metric (7.23), the entanglement entropy associated with the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface using (7.55) and appendix C.5.1 after the angular integrations is obtained as: where The equation (7.58) has the following solution: substitution of (7.59) in (C.20) yields: Keeping the term up to the leading order in N, we could write the embedding function t(r) as follows: The entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation corresponding to the Hartman-Maldacenalike surface is computed as given below: utilizing (C.13) and (7.59), (7.66) is expressed as: Similarly, 7.5.3 Entanglement Entropy Contribution from Island Surface The island surface is a co-dimension two surface that exists at a continuous time slice, much like the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface. Therefore, we can formulate the formula for the holographic entanglement entropy as follows: Hence, we found that: and, Thus, the island surface’s equation of motion associated with embedding x1(r) is as follows: (7.89)’s solution is provided as: implying, The above equation has the following solution: The black hole entropy for the metric (7.19) is obtained as: Therefore, the entanglement entropy for the island surface after substitution of β simplified as: From Fig. 7.5 and utilizing (7.101), it is obvious that (7.97) ∼ (7.98) means that a lower constraint will be placed on rh, the non-extremality parameter in the M-theory dual of large-N thermal QCD. 7.5.4 Page Curve and An Exponential(-in-N) Hierarchy of Entanglement Entropies up to O(R4) Before/After the Page Time At the Page time, the entanglement entropies for the Hartman-Maldacena-like surface and the Island Surface are equal. This results in: Page time: Utilizing (7.99), (7.104) implies, Similarly, for the island surface O(β) contributions to the entanglement entropy is obtained as: Utilizing (7.99), (7.107) results in: From the equations (7.71), (7.100), (7.105) and (7.108), we obtained the following hierarchy: 7.6 Massless Graviton - the Physical reason for Exponentially Suppressed Entanglement Entropies Similar to [209], we can write the eleven-dimensional metric (7.19) as given below: We found that: the solution of above equation is: Since (7.121) is not well defined in the UV when m ̸= 0. Therefore, we need to consider m = 0 for which the graviton wave function is: Figure 7.8 plots the aforementioned potential for massless graviton (m = 0); this potential is “volcano”-like, with the massless graviton localized at the horizon on the ETW “brane”. This is analogous to [142], in which gravity can be localized on the end-of-the-world (ETW) brane with non-zero brane tension owing to the emergence of a “crater” in the “volcano” potential in the Schrödinger-like equation of motion of the graviton wave function. 7.7 Summary In this chapter, we constructed the doubly holographic setup from a top-down approach as discussed in 7.2. We have taken the external bath as thermal QCD in three dimension whose holographic dual is M-theory inclusive of O(R4) corrections [1], see chapter 1 for more detail of the same. The intermediate description of the doubly holographic setup constructed by us couples the black hole on the ETW-“brane” at x = 0 to thermal QCD bath via transparent boundary condition at the defect. We have addressed the effect of higher derivative terms in the context of top-down construction of double holography for the first time. First we obtained the Page curve without inclusion of O(R4) terms in the eleven-dimensional supergavity action in 7.4. To achieve the same, we computed the entanglement entropies associated with the Hartman-Maldacena-like (HM-like) and island surfaces and obtained the Page curve with the help of these entropies because the HM-like surface has Based on the viability of the Islands scenario, the M-theory dual of large-N thermal QCD at high temperature obtained in [15], [1] (based on [14]) produces the previously mentioned Page curve. The above-mentioned top-down M-theory dual, on the other hand, provides a number of new conceptual information: • Due to the lack of details of precise structures for boundary terms on the ETW-“brane” along with the presence of higher derivative terms, there exists relatively few works (e.g., [147]) in which the authors look into the doubly holographic setup in higher derivative theory of gravity. Remarkably we showed in 7.3.2 that the presence of the O(R4) terms generates no boundary terms. • As for as we know, our setup/(above-mentioned) M-theory dual appears either the sole one in existence (from M-theory) or one among the comparatively few top-down approaches that generate(s) the Page curve for massless graviton. • In our top-down M-theory dual, we find that ETW-“brane” to be a fluxed hypersurface W that is a warped product of an asymptotic AdS4 and a six-fold M6 where M6 is a warped product of the M-theory circle and a non-Einstenian generalization of T 1,1 ; the hypersurface W, can also be thought of as an effective ETW-“brane” corresponding to fluxed intersecting M5-brane wrapping a homologous sum of S 3×[0, 1] and S 2×S 2 in a warped product of R 2 and an SU(4)/Spin(7)-structure eight-fold. The ETW-“brane”, W, then has non-zero “tension” and a massless graviton localized near the horizon by a “volcano”-like potential. • Unlike largely other works in the literature, which compute the Page curve with a CFT bath, the external bath in our model is a non-CFT bath (thermal QCD). • Entanglement entropy contribution generated by a Hartman-Maldacena (HM)-like surface, which has been causing the growth of the Einstein-Rosen bridge in time, shows a Swiss-Cheese structure in the Large-N scenario (7.5.2) as discussed earlier. • By the presence of O(R4 ) terms in the action, our previously discussed M-theory dual produces a hierarchy in the entanglement entropies of the HM-like and Island surface (IS) with respect to a large-N exponential suppression factor, resulting physically via the presence of massless graviton mode on an ETW-brane. This suppression also suggests the fact that the addition of higher derivative terms - O(R4) in particular - has no effect on the Page curve. • To regulate the IR- and large-N enhancement in the IS entanglement entropy per unit BH entropy, a relationship involving the Planckian length and the non-extremality parameter (the horizon radius) has been shown to occur. • The positivity of the Page time, calculated in (refPage-time), has been showed to set an upper constraint on the non-extremality parameter, the black-hole horizon radius rh. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

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