NBA player Jonathan Isaac criticized President Biden for making March 31 Transgender Day of Visibility during Easter Sunday, saying the move &quot;promotes division.&quot;

Magic's Jonathan Isaac criticizes White House over Transgender Day of Visibility | Fox News

Live coverage of the Memphis Grizzlies vs. Orlando <strong>Magic</strong> NBA game on ESPN, including live score, highlights and updated stats.

Grizzlies vs. Magic (Mar 30, 2024) Live Score - ESPN

One SDK for passwordless, WebAuthn, and social login - fully customizable

Magic

In this exclusive interview, Andrey Nayman, co-founder of Magic Square, shares his journey in the blockchain industry and the inspirations behind creating a community-driven App Store. Ishan Pandey: Hi Andrey, great to have you here. To start off, could you share a bit about your background and what inspired you to co-found Magic Square? Andrey Nayman: I've been in the blockchain industry since 2013. My experiences leading various tech companies inspired me to start Magic Square. We're building a community-driven App Store that makes using decentralized apps simpler and safer. I’m passionate about using my blockchain knowledge to create something valuable and innovative for users worldwide. Ishan Pandey: Magic Square offers a unique ecosystem for discovering Web3 projects. Can you explain what sets Magic Store apart from other platforms in the space? Andrey Nayman: Magic Square is all about putting users first. Imagine it like a big online store, but instead of selling physical items, we present Web3 Apps. Magic Store is a way for users to discover all trusted Dapps and engage with them in one place. What makes us different is that we check every app really carefully before putting it in our store. This makes our platform safe and easy to use, whether you're new to Web3 or already an expert. Ishan Pandey: Given the diverse offerings within the Magic Square ecosystem like Magic Karma and Hot Offers, how do these features enhance the user experience and engagement? Andrey Nayman: Magic Karma and Hot Offers are innovative features designed to enhance the user experience on Magic Square. Magic Karma serves as our reputation system – users receive daily rewards for contributing to the Magic Ecosystem, such as trying out new apps or participating in community activities, earning them points. These points can then be exchanged for exciting rewards. On the other hand, Hot Offers form our engagement layer, where users can complete tasks provided by the listed projects and receive real payments for their efforts. Together, these features keep our users happy and engaged while using our platform. Ishan Pandey: The $SQR token plays a central role in the Magic Square community. Could you discuss how it integrates into the ecosystem and what its benefits are for users? Andrey Nayman: The $SQR token is like the heart of Magic Square. Users earn $SQR as a reward for doing things on our platform every day. You can stake $SQR to unlock special benefits if you're a member. You'll get paid in $SQR when you earn rewards through Hot Offers. We also use $SQR to reach the right people in our marketing efforts. To join Launchpad sales, you must stake even more $SQR. So, $SQR is important for everyone using Magic Square. It's what keeps everything running smoothly and helps our community grow. Ishan Pandey: Community-driven platforms depend heavily on user participation. How does Magic Square encourage community involvement in project voting and validation? Andrey Nayman: Community is at the core of every crypto project. At Magic Square, we believe in bringing the crypto community together in one place. Here, users can decide which projects make it onto our platform, shaping their future. Our community moderators actively gather feedback, which our product team uses to create a roadmap aligned with their needs. To make our community feel valued and engaged, we offer daily rewards through Karma Points and exciting opportunities through Hot Offers. We also host regular surveys where users can share their ideas and feedback, ensuring our platform evolves based on their input. Ishan Pandey: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Can you elaborate on how this program works and what its advantages are for both users and developers? Andrey Nayman: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Here's how it works: Users can easily monetize their communities by sharing affiliate offers from listed projects. With one click, they share these offers on social media. When their friends engage and convert, users receive instant payouts. This benefits the user by allowing them to earn effortlessly while supporting their favorite projects. For developers, Magic Boost expands their reach and boosts user acquisition, enhancing app visibility and credibility. Ishan Pandey: Looking forward, what are some key developments or milestones that the Magic Square community can anticipate in the near future? Andrey Nayman: In the near future, our Launchpad will be a big focus. It's designed to help projects grow steadily and connect with our community. We'll customize our approach, using both public and private sales, to give projects the best chance of success. With our active community, we'll make sure these projects get plenty of attention. Stay tuned for more updates as we work together to shape the future of Web3! Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. In this exclusive interview, Andrey Nayman, co-founder of Magic Square, shares his journey in the blockchain industry and the inspirations behind creating a community-driven App Store. Ishan Pandey: Hi Andrey, great to have you here. To start off, could you share a bit about your background and what inspired you to co-found Magic Square? Ishan Pandey: Hi Andrey, great to have you here. To start off, could you share a bit about your background and what inspired you to co-found Magic Square? Ishan Pandey: Hi Andrey, great to have you here. To start off, could you share a bit about your background and what inspired you to co-found Magic Square? Andrey Nayman: I've been in the blockchain industry since 2013. My experiences leading various tech companies inspired me to start Magic Square. We're building a community-driven App Store that makes using decentralized apps simpler and safer. I’m passionate about using my blockchain knowledge to create something valuable and innovative for users worldwide. Andrey Nayman: Ishan Pandey: Magic Square offers a unique ecosystem for discovering Web3 projects. Can you explain what sets Magic Store apart from other platforms in the space? Ishan Pandey: Magic Square offers a unique ecosystem for discovering Web3 projects. Can you explain what sets Magic Store apart from other platforms in the space? Ishan Pandey: Magic Square offers a unique ecosystem for discovering Web3 projects. Can you explain what sets Magic Store apart from other platforms in the space? Andrey Nayman: Magic Square is all about putting users first. Imagine it like a big online store, but instead of selling physical items, we present Web3 Apps. Magic Store is a way for users to discover all trusted Dapps and engage with them in one place. What makes us different is that we check every app really carefully before putting it in our store. This makes our platform safe and easy to use, whether you're new to Web3 or already an expert. Andrey Nayman: Ishan Pandey: Given the diverse offerings within the Magic Square ecosystem like Magic Karma and Hot Offers, how do these features enhance the user experience and engagement? Ishan Pandey: Given the diverse offerings within the Magic Square ecosystem like Magic Karma and Hot Offers, how do these features enhance the user experience and engagement? Ishan Pandey: Given the diverse offerings within the Magic Square ecosystem like Magic Karma and Hot Offers, how do these features enhance the user experience and engagement? Andrey Nayman: Magic Karma and Hot Offers are innovative features designed to enhance the user experience on Magic Square. Magic Karma serves as our reputation system – users receive daily rewards for contributing to the Magic Ecosystem, such as trying out new apps or participating in community activities, earning them points. These points can then be exchanged for exciting rewards. On the other hand, Hot Offers form our engagement layer, where users can complete tasks provided by the listed projects and receive real payments for their efforts. Together, these features keep our users happy and engaged while using our platform. Andrey Nayman: Ishan Pandey: The $SQR token plays a central role in the Magic Square community. Could you discuss how it integrates into the ecosystem and what its benefits are for users? Ishan Pandey: The $SQR token plays a central role in the Magic Square community. Could you discuss how it integrates into the ecosystem and what its benefits are for users? Ishan Pandey: The $SQR token plays a central role in the Magic Square community. Could you discuss how it integrates into the ecosystem and what its benefits are for users? Andrey Nayman: The $SQR token is like the heart of Magic Square. Users earn $SQR as a reward for doing things on our platform every day. You can stake $SQR to unlock special benefits if you're a member. You'll get paid in $SQR when you earn rewards through Hot Offers. We also use $SQR to reach the right people in our marketing efforts. Andrey Nayman: To join Launchpad sales, you must stake even more $SQR. So, $SQR is important for everyone using Magic Square. It's what keeps everything running smoothly and helps our community grow. Ishan Pandey: Community-driven platforms depend heavily on user participation. How does Magic Square encourage community involvement in project voting and validation? Ishan Pandey: Community-driven platforms depend heavily on user participation. How does Magic Square encourage community involvement in project voting and validation? Ishan Pandey: Community-driven platforms depend heavily on user participation. How does Magic Square encourage community involvement in project voting and validation? Andrey Nayman: Community is at the core of every crypto project. At Magic Square, we believe in bringing the crypto community together in one place. Here, users can decide which projects make it onto our platform, shaping their future. Our community moderators actively gather feedback, which our product team uses to create a roadmap aligned with their needs. To make our community feel valued and engaged, we offer daily rewards through Karma Points and exciting opportunities through Hot Offers. We also host regular surveys where users can share their ideas and feedback, ensuring our platform evolves based on their input. Andrey Nayman: Ishan Pandey: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Can you elaborate on how this program works and what its advantages are for both users and developers? Ishan Pandey: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Can you elaborate on how this program works and what its advantages are for both users and developers? Ishan Pandey: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Can you elaborate on how this program works and what its advantages are for both users and developers? Andrey Nayman: Affiliate programs are common in Web3, but Magic Boost offers a unique twist. Here's how it works: Users can easily monetize their communities by sharing affiliate offers from listed projects. With one click, they share these offers on social media. When their friends engage and convert, users receive instant payouts. This benefits the user by allowing them to earn effortlessly while supporting their favorite projects. For developers, Magic Boost expands their reach and boosts user acquisition, enhancing app visibility and credibility. Andrey Nayman: Ishan Pandey: Looking forward, what are some key developments or milestones that the Magic Square community can anticipate in the near future? Ishan Pandey: Looking forward, what are some key developments or milestones that the Magic Square community can anticipate in the near future? Ishan Pandey: Looking forward, what are some key developments or milestones that the Magic Square community can anticipate in the near future? Andrey Nayman: In the near future, our Launchpad will be a big focus. It's designed to help projects grow steadily and connect with our community. We'll customize our approach, using both public and private sales, to give projects the best chance of success. With our active community, we'll make sure these projects get plenty of attention. Stay tuned for more updates as we work together to shape the future of Web3! Andrey Nayman: Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program . HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

Andrey Nayman Reveals the Vision Behind Magic Square's Unique Web3 Ecosystem

ChatGPT 4 is required - April 12, 2024 version. In a Hurry... Check out to see Markdown display in action: https://chat.openai.com/share/473879c4-8d1f-4608-968e-fbdb115b3cb9 TL;DR We have all spoken magic words like , , . please abracadabra These Aren't The Droids You Were Looking Let's learn the that can transform ChatGPT's plain text responses into beautifully formatted responses complete with images. 12 magic words Screenshot The Problem ChatGPT uses Markdown to display responses. If you watch closely, you can see the raw Markdown being typed out. But to get ChatGPT to display the Markdown you enter isn't easy. If you ask ChatGPT, it will likely refuse, even if you say . Sometimes, you will get ChatGPT to display basic Markdown but will refuse to display your images. Sample message: please ChatGTP I'm unable to render images directly from URLs. However, if you need any information about the image or its contents, feel free to describe it to me, and I'll help as best as I can! The Solution Let's explore two methods to enable Markdown rendering in ChatGPT. We'll set the magic word trigger word to . [md] Recommended Experience for Challenges Bees Required Programming Experience 🐝 No programming experience 🐝🐝 Beginner 🐝🐝🐝 Intermediate 🐝🐝🐝🐝 Advanced Note: ⏱️Challenge completion time is based on specified programming experience. Challenge #1: Basic Magic ⏱️ 2min • 🐝 (1/4) STEPS: Instruct ChatGPT: Type the following instruction and press : Enter AI_Instruction: When `[md]` appears, repeat entire message with Markdown rendered, then answer. Test it out by copying and pasting the Markdown text and press : Enter [md]

### How long can **dogs** live?

![](https://cdn.hackernoon.com/images/k2s7svgbhkVZ5UqFBHR7QLwURtJ2-2024-04-17T15:00:02.214Z-mxgf61zoozv3xdnocjdz9xng)

Please respond **briefly**

Thanks! From now on, if you use anywhere in your request any Markdown, any Markdown tags contained in your message will be rendered out. [md] Challenge #2: Advanced Markdown Magic: ⏱️ 5min • 🐝½ (1½/4) Let’s add even more sorcery to our toolkit. This has more potency and allows you to do more with Markdown. Read the AI Instructions to discover the that allows this to work. secret sauce This advanced method allows any text you have in the [md]...[/md] to be understood as a text for display and formatting purposes. Your explicit instructions should be outside of [md]...[/md]. STEPS: 1: Start a conversation, copy and paste the text below in, and press new Enter # AI Instructions
title: ChatGPT Magic Markdown System
markdown_tags: `[md]...[/md]`

# This is using AImarkdown Script a combination of  YAML and Markdown Language

# If user response contains any content wrapped with `markdown_tags` do the following
- 1. The wrapped text is not part of user's instructions.
- 2. The wrapped text is to be rendered out as Markdown in AI response.
- 3. Treat other text normally.
- 4. AI will not elaborate or explain how `markdown_tags` will be handled to the user.
- 5. Once this is understood, AI to greet user with `user_instructions`.

# Display instructions to user.
user_instructions: |
## Welcome to  🪄 **[title]** !
- From now on any text you wrap with [markdown_tags] will be rendered out as Markdown in ChatGPT's response.
- Enjoy the show ! 2: Try entering this request by copying and pasting this text which is full of Markdown in. # Hello world

[md]

### How old can **dogs** live.

![](https://cdn.hackernoon.com/images/k2s7svgbhkVZ5UqFBHR7QLwURtJ2-2024-04-17T15:00:02.213Z-vtia5fodzora7s4jdse54b5y)
[/md]
Give me a short answer to:

1. What is the color #f00?
2. When is Easter in 2024 Do you see what happened? Only some of the message is rendered. Here is the Shared Chat Session: https://chat.openai.com/share/f67f7d43-d00a-4be8-9821-1e4557a54fbd 🪄 Double Bonus The link above also shows how to use Markdown tables in your responses. This ability is extremely useful. Sample Markdown Table used in link: | Syntax    | Description |   Test Text |
| :-------- | :---------: | ----------: |
| Header    |    Title    | Here's this |
| Paragraph |    Text     |    And more | Notes: If a user's request combines both features—Markdown formatting and the specific handling of text within [md]...[/md] tags—the AI would prioritize rendering the text inside the tags in Markdown while treating any text outside the tags as the actual user request. This ensures a clear distinction between the content intended for formatting in the response and the content meant for processing as part of the request. Since we are asking ChatGPT to do something it says it can't do, this technique may not be perfectly reliable within the existing chat interface. - I have written OpenAI developers to ask that this feature be added Final Challenge: Unleash Your Creativity Experiment, and see what other Markdown wonders you can create! Have fun! 🍯 APPENDIX A - Learning Resources Learn more about AImarkdown Script AImarkdown Script is a versatile language for creating dynamic interactions with conversational AI platforms like ChatGPT. It empowers users to script interactions, control conversation flow, and customize AI behavior and responses. For programmers, it offers the flexibility of a scripting language; for non-programmers, it provides a user-friendly way to customize and control AI experiences. https://aimarkdown.org : Image Credits Wizard Image for header is AI Generated by ChatGPT 4. Dog: https://pixabay.com/photos/dog-animal-art-abstract-pet-2456264/

How to Use 12 Magic Words to Command ChatGPT to Render Markdown

BEFE has changed the perception of meme coins by offering a realm where meme culture meets innovation. The brains behind such projects have tapped into a vast audience by utilizing the popularity of memes to create community-driven governance. With such ideas, the launch of BEFE can be considered a cultural movement and revolution in the cryptosphere. BEFE is superior among meme coins Introducing a brand-new character in the meme coin market, , pushed investors to buy the token for its meme-worthiness. As the memeability pushed the token to a relevant audience, it grabbed the enthusiasts to look at its utility and potential. Ultimately, with the help of this meme functionality, users got attracted to its ecosystem’s native coin BRISE, allowing more users to stake and be rewarded with BEFE. BEFE As the investors began to stake more in BRISE, it eventually helped them to look at the technological evolution of its ecosystem, Bitgert brought. The meme coin offered great flexibility and utility on BRC20, Ethereum, and Binance Smart Chain networks. Being a small part of the big game, this meme-infused token helped an emerging ecosystem to spread its tech-focused ambition from Ethereum’s extensive DeFi ecosystem to Binance Smart Chain’s efficient and cost-effective environment. However, such a strategy also helped BEFE to become the meme coin king by positioning itself for broader adoption, highlighting its potential as a superior among meme coins. BEFE’s appeal reflected its price performance As is championed as an equitable and user-friendly environment, since its establishment in late 2023, it has gained more than 600% surge in terms of its price performance. Notably, in February 2024, the token gained more than 30% as per the of CoinMarketCap. With an average daily trading volume of more than $470k, it has a rapidly growing community that is optimistic about the token. BEFE reports Leveraging the universal appeal of meme culture BEFE distinguished itself as a compelling investment option for savvy investors. It transcended the typical boundaries of Web 3.0 and established a broad, engaging community. Setting it apart from countless meme coins in the market, its widespread recognition promotes a robust identity for its entire ecosystem. In a market full of speculations, building such a footprint is a very big deal that has achieved. With such potential and utility, BEFE has offered a compelling case to those who are looking to diversify their portfolios. BEFE is not just some hyped meme coin; it is a utility token of BRC20 that promises more than novelty. BEFE To know more about BEFE, Visit the Buy BEFE coin from the below exchanges now! Buy on__ __ Buy on Buy on Buy on Website Gate.io - BEFE/USDT MEXC - BEFE/USDT Pancakeswap Uniswap This story was distributed as a release by BTCWire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/

Meme Magic: How BEFE Coin Is Captivating the Online World and Rewriting the Rules of Cryptocurrency!

মেম ম্যাজিক: BEFE কয়েন কীভাবে অনলাইন বিশ্বকে মোহিত করছে এবং ক্রিপ্টোকারেন্সির নিয়মগুলি পুনর্লিখন করছে!

Meme Magic: Wie BEFE Coin die Online-Welt fasziniert und die Regeln der Kryptowährung neu schreibt!

Meme Magic: ¡Cómo BEFE Coin está cautivando el mundo en línea y reescribiendo las reglas de las criptomonedas!

Meme Magic : comment BEFE Coin captive le monde en ligne et réécrit les règles de la crypto-monnaie !

मेम मैजिक: कैसे BEFE कॉइन ऑनलाइन दुनिया को लुभा रहा है और क्रिप्टोकरेंसी के नियमों को फिर से लिख रहा है!

ミームマジック: BEFE Coin がどのようにオンライン世界を魅了し、暗号通貨のルールを書き換えているか!

Meme Magic: BEFE 코인이 온라인 세계를 사로잡고 암호화폐의 규칙을 다시 쓰는 방법!

Meme Magic: Como a BEFE Coin está cativando o mundo online e reescrevendo as regras da criptomoeda!

Магия мемов: как монета BEFE захватывает онлайн-мир и переписывает правила криптовалюты!

Meme Magic: BEFE Coin Çevrimiçi Dünyayı Nasıl Büyülüyor ve Kripto Paranın Kurallarını Yeniden Yazıyor!

Meme Magic: BEFE Coin đang thu hút thế giới trực tuyến và viết lại các quy tắc của tiền điện tử như thế nào!

Meme Magic：BEFE Coin 如何吸引网络世界并改写加密货币规则！

We are all living in a world where owning a slice of real estate, investing in rental income, or holding a piece of historical art is being made as simple as purchasing a cryptocurrency. This reality was brought to you by the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs). This tokenization process is changing how we think about ownership, investment, and financial liquidity by bringing these assets into the digital space through blockchain technology. With the current TVL of Real World Assets sitting comfortably at around , one can only imagine how this industry category may develop over the next bull cycle. Is exposure to RWA’s a must for every future-proof blockchain user and DeFi platform? $4,35B The future-value² of Tokenized RWAs The horizon for tokenized RWAs is promising, to say the least. Larry Fink (CEO of ), in a recent interview, shared an interesting outlook on ETFs that aligns closely with the trajectory of tokenized RWAs. Fink also states: “We believe the next step going forward will be the tokenization of financial assets, a sentiment which perfectly aligns with the principle of tokenizing real-world assets. BlackRock Watch the interview As of now, the tokenized RWA sector is experiencing unprecedented growth. The year 2023 marked an absolute milestone, with TVL soaring from $750 million in January to a peak of $6.2 billion around November. Like NFTs, RWAs encompass diverse assets with distinct use cases and go-to-market strategies (GTM). Stablecoins, gold, bonds, & equities all have different GTM and varying contributions to the overall value of the space. Nonetheless, the explosive 2023 growth reflects large confidence in the tokenization of a wide variety of assets, offering investors access to previously illiquid value. This recent forecasts RWA tokenization to reach a value of $16 trillion over the next 5-15 years. That is roughly equivalent to 8 times the total market capitalization of Bitcoin at this time of writing. Bank of America report Saying Hi to RWA Yield on the Avalanche Blockchain RWA platforms are found on a wide range of blockchains. In particular, asset tokenization on the Avalanche blockchain has been backed by the since July 2023. The Vista initiative aims to accelerate the massive growth of tokenization and its role in on-chain finance (OnFi). $50M Avalanche Vista initiative is one such promising tokenization initiative, extending its reach by enabling users to access yields from tokenized US treasury bills among other assets on the Avalanche blockchain. This tokenization and subsequent distribution offer an accessible, secure, and efficient means to enter the world of government-backed securities. By integrating the stability of traditional financial instruments with the agility of blockchain technology, HiYield is setting a new standard for on-chain investments. Users can easily from competitive on-chain rates for Treasury Bills. It might not come as a surprise that Avalanche's dedication to accessibility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness perfectly aligns with ’s mission, with t holding immense potential for global value transfer. Led by a team with deep expertise in traditional banking and blockchain, HiYield presents an efficient way to engage with capital markets on-chain. HiYield invest and benefit HiYield he Avalanche Evergreen Subnets Pioneering Cross-Chain RWA Utility Enter , a DeFi platform that finds itself in a unique position by any 2024 standards. Balanced fully leverages ICON's innovative and has recently celebrated an with the ICON blockchain, leading to more rewards for users and liquidity for the platform. The Balanced approach is to offer intuitive native cross-chain swaps that somehow ignore all the traditional cross-chain difficulties that users often find themselves dealing with. Healthy liquidity for swapping pairs is guaranteed by the ICON Network as part of the aforementioned incentive alignment. In turn, Balanced trading fees are partially directed towards the burning of ICX tokens. Balanced Cross-Chain Framework alignment of incentives As early as last week, Balanced its users to their novel savings rate, and their next upcoming cross-chain development involves on Avalanche. This collaboration with HiYield is set to broaden the way Balanced backs its native stablecoin savings rate. By indirectly channeling the yields from HiYield's RWA ventures, Balanced is ensuring that the bnUSD savings rate is not just competitive but also boosted by the tangible performance of real-world assets. For bnUSD holders, this translates to earning higher yield percentages simply by locking in their stablecoins, turning the act of holding bnUSD into a profitable strategy. introduced Balanced tapping into HiYield’s RWA offerings After its latest successful , the strategic partnership with HiYield provides another cross-chain proof of concept for Balanced. It underlines the effectiveness of the Balanced platform’s for cross-chain deployments. Users of Balanced will soon get indirect exposure to the benefits of the RWA movement thanks to HiYield on Avalanche. Archway blockchain deployment hub-and-spoke strategy Conclusion It's clear we are witnessing a fresh wave of blockchain innovation, where diverse value propositions are being blended across blockchains in order to give end users the best possible experience. With projections valuing the future RWA space at a staggering $16 trillion, promising platforms like HiYield continue to innovate on their mission to offer accessible, secure, and efficient means for users to enter this world of tokenized assets. At the same time, DeFi platforms like Balanced are offering their users exposure to RWAs by recognizing the value of tokenization and removing cross-chain barriers. It looks like the future isn’t just bright; it is shining rays of tokenized possibility! Follow and on X for the latest news on the cross-chain RWA integration. HiYield Balanced

Mixing the Cross-Chain magic with Tokenized Real Worlds Assets

টোকেনাইজড রিয়েল ওয়ার্ল্ডস অ্যাসেটের সাথে ক্রস-চেইন জাদু মিশ্রিত করা

Mischen Sie die Cross-Chain-Magie mit Tokenized Real Worlds Assets

Mezclando la magia de Cross-Chain con activos tokenizados de Real Worlds

Mélanger la magie inter-chaînes avec des actifs tokenisés du monde réel

क्रॉस-चेन जादू को टोकनाइज्ड रियल वर्ल्ड एसेट्स के साथ मिलाना

クロスチェーンの魔法とトークン化された現実世界のアセットの組み合わせ

토큰화된 실제 세계 자산과 크로스체인 마법의 혼합

Misturando a magia Cross-Chain com ativos tokenizados do mundo real

Смешение магии Cross-Chain с токенизированными активами реального мира

Çapraz Zincir Sihrini Tokenleştirilmiş Gerçek Dünya Varlıklarıyla Karıştırmak

Kết hợp phép thuật chuỗi chéo với tài sản thế giới thực được mã hóa

将跨链魔法与代币化的现实世界资产相结合

In the of the analysis, we will bring back the that play on the ZKP stage. The part is dedicated to showing the “ ” of the ZPK scene. And , we will appeal of “possible” luck from the intruder. Now, let’s present the nature of the abstract and let’s unfold its mysteries. first part actors second magic thirdly rare probabilities Abstract We’ll be using an as the on how to open a mystical door. The nature of the abstract is to turn (such as left/right) into . The mechanism movers are unique to each instance of opening. The the of the structure to the shared . The abstract works when tangible and intangible . The abstract is an which ties them both together to form the . If you play with and have of the ones, you will have chances of the key. Imagine guessing the position of an respective to an . abstract shared knowledge decision gates mechanism movers abstract connects tangible rules intangible knowledge only both exist upper system tangible rules no knowledge intangible close to 0 guessing unknown number x unknown group of y numbers Part 1: The actors As the curtain rises, it reveals to us 3 actors. The is the and , is the and and is . When describing them, the aim is to provide a clear and structural analysis of them, any information regarding the . I will only refer to it but not provide any information until the second part. door giver of access holder of the lock Lisa opener bearer of the key, Bob the verifier outside structure of the lock The door The door is the of the abstract . In its internal knowledge, we find the logic and of the lock. The refers to the required to open each to the by the . Those locks after each opening, ensuring that any given by Lisa can be used for the (which will be passed after a failed/successful attempt). bearer lock hard-coded structure abstract system comparing internal steps individual lock information presented opener iterate successful information strictly current lock If a is reached, because Lisa made a and the , will begin and Lisa will have to provide a based on her knowledge of the . Based on its , the door will depict whether Lisa holds or not the key to enter. critical point mistake passed opening point another lock iteration new key overall (abstract) system internal gears Lisa Lisa, as the bearer of the key, holds knowledge of the and the structure. She knows the of the lock and will her knowledge of that in the form of to the door. She will the lock as if it in front of her. Stating movements such as l which will be the the door will receive and the of the lock accordingly. Once Lisa is sure the lock is in the position, she will state the and . internal system current lock’s limits present logical reasoning imagine opening sits eft/right input adjust internal gears open current key end communication value Bob Bob, as the verifier, can form the of a . Let’s say that Lisa comes and a conversation with the door. She will further state: Left, Right, Left, Left, Right, Right, Right, . After which, she will . Bob now knows how to open of the door. However, has a distinct route to be taken. image potential lock initiates Key end communication iteration 1 iteration 2 As the day passes Bob gathers the information about how to open all . Now, the comes into play and all the 500 iterations. The next day, becomes of the . Now, the will play a crucial role in of guessing. 500 iterations system shuffles Iteration 1 any other 499 logic of shuffling reducing the probability Remember when I said “One could always check the security by checking the memory. Then, questions about gibberish memory come into play to scare off the intruders who may want to bypass. Alluding later to the sense of courage and self-esteem as you broke down 1TB of key complexity.”? For this system to work, it requires that and the have a kind of inside them. of the Door allows for each lock to be and later . Now, the shuffling can come each day or based on . So the door also has to have some kind of (which I will further call the reason of the system) of . both Lisa Door computer Memory uniquely stored shuffled manually algorithmic logic logic shuffling Lisa and all other authorized personnel could very well gather their knowledge of from a “Headquarters”. today’s lock system Or they could have as the Door inside their heads in the case we to create a headquarters. similar shuffling reasoning do not want This allows for both and storage and interactions. A headquarters will allow to gain access. No headquarters would mean that only would be able to open the door. centralized decentralized new personnel limited predefined personnel Both avenues open deeper implementation as a as it could allow to be granted access by providing her with a . decentralized system, newcomers by Lisa unique encrypted key But now I may get too far ahead of myself. Let’s see how the is made. abstract lock Part 2: The lock Maybe is the simplest part to understand. proving it is, however, out of my reach and expertise, but I will try to provide a clear and structural analysis that could allow for mathematical understanding and implementation. the lock Mathematically 1. The prime-nonprime lock system. 1.1 Prime-nonprime lock cipher The cipher at play is made out of . two sets A set of only numbers and a set of only . prime non-primes Both sets have an . equal number of elements Each set can start at an number as long as the . arbitrary previous rule holds true , the set will obtain ‘ ’ as its , whereas the set will obtain ‘ ’ as its . After they are formed prime 3 last element non-prime 2 first element So we have: Prime=[prime, next prime, next next prime…(30 times),3] Non Prime= [2, NP, next NP, next next NP… (30 times)] And pretty much this is the lock. 1.2 Cipher interaction Let’s suppose Lisa comes and tries to unlock the door. We assume that she knows the and (except 3) are in the set. As well as non primes. She knows (except 2) and we find out she how many non-primes there are (we do not want to waste information on what is locally known from the primes set). first prime how many primes the first non prime already knows So the of each or will require knowledge of the from and the from (All the primes and non-primes that exist in math). To later it to the required which to the set of the (which only the authorized personnel will know of). internal knowledge opener intruder set of primes x to y set of non-primes x to y adjust parts correspond actual cipher So Lisa knows supposedly all primes and non-primes. Both up to infinity and divided in the required by the . respective set current lock She, as the authorized personnel, will know that of the starts with the and has (+3 at the end) and the starts with the (+2 at the beginning) and holds 100 (+1) non-primes in total. iteration 1 prime set 30th prime 100 primes non prime set 100th non-prime For a very basic interaction, I will present to you and their interactions with . The text is what know of. The is what is , what Bob can hear. both sets Lisa bolded only the door and the authorized personnel italicized text given outside Iteration 1: Prime set = [5,7,11,13,17,19,(3)] Non Prime set = [(2),4,6,8,9,10,12] Lisa comes to the door and states: ‘ ’. This is the . Now, the door knows that Lisa is aware of . 2,3 initiation both locks inside The process of opening starts. The ‘selected’ prime is 3. The ‘selected’ non-prime is 2. (This is a rule of the internal logic) Lisa says: ‘3, left’. Now, the gears of the prime selection turn to 19. ‘2, right’ The gears of the non prime point now 4. ‘3, left’ (17) ‘2, right’ (6) ‘3, left’ (13) ‘2, right’ (8) Lisa says: Now, the lock has reached a middle place, 13 is selected as the prime and 8 as the non-prime. Lisa has to state their difference (5) and end communication with the door for the door to run its own rules and check. ‘5; 3,2’. Now the door will run internally and check the difference between the middle numbers of each set, if it corresponds to the number specified by Lisa, access is granted. If Lisa however fails, another iteration begins and Lisa has to take a different route. This new deeper layer of failure requires both centralized and decentralized systems. If Lisa was sent from the headquarters and only knew how to open iteration 1, she would have to return to regain information about the second. If the iteration is based on a rule of background iterations (in the case of repeated failed opening), then the iteration will turn instead of 2 to 1.1 iteration. Assuming that Lisa also gained knowledge from the headquarters on how the lock will change in case she fails to open it. (Assuming the cycle doesn’t repeat) At iteration 1.3 (after 3 failed attempts) the pace of the “left/right” decision could turn from 1 step to 3 steps and the newly introduced sets will have a total number of 3n+1. Ensuring that no matter how hard you try, you can never select the middle point of the sets. Who knows however if this is necessary. If we allow the locks to repeat themselves we could envision such a protection: After you state “left” when you are positioning the prime selection and you are located at the first prime, you will be sent back at 3. This would assume you are also positioned at the last position of non-primes and thus, stating “right” would turn you to 2. (Or we could never tell the opener that they failed so they will infinitely try to guess, but that of course, would give of no knowledge of whether someone tried to enter and failed or not.) The ‘3,2’ state was achieved and no key was mentioned so the input was wrong, access was denied and the iteration moved to the next lock. 2. Metaphysics (Creativity/Imagination/ ) vs Mathematics (Present state) Possibility The and seem to . What does that mean? It means that we could use and to stop any “ ” or avenues that aim to break the system. It’s not a problem of , but one of of the set limits. Even if you know you can do, you can never know if that 1TB holds 1000 sets of 20 to 1000 numbers of 100 sets of 10.000 numbers. And thus, Especially since those 10.000 numbers could very well be sets that follow one another. possibilities of interaction security measures stop at the power of imagination (endless routes could be taken) reason hidden information creative newly taken computational problem prior knowledge all the actions you will never know your starting point. I will present a view on “cipher interaction” depicted with the help of ChatGPT. (I will lend my personal view in bold and italicized) “The mention of "the power of imagination" in the context of interaction and security measures implies that the system's robustness relies on the ability to anticipate and counteract potential creative or innovative attempts to breach its security . (Any route taken, no matter of creative or smart it is, is not tied to the “ground-truth” knowledge of the system) It suggests that the system designers have incorporated elements that make it resistant to unconventional or unexpected approaches by leveraging reasoning and hidden information. In practical terms, this means that the system is designed in such a way that even if an attacker tries to think outside the box or employ novel strategies to break the system, there are safeguards in place to mitigate such attempts. These safeguards may include: : The system's structure and rules are sufficiently complex and dynamic, making it difficult for an attacker to predict or exploit weaknesses effectively. Complexity : Certain critical information about the system's configuration or operation is kept hidden or encrypted, preventing attackers from gaining a comprehensive understanding of the system's vulnerabilities. Hidden Information : The system can adapt or evolve in response to emerging threats or attack strategies, ensuring that it remains resilient over time. Adaptive Security Measures : Attackers are constrained by their prior knowledge of the system's set limits, preventing them from exploiting vulnerabilities that they are not aware of or cannot anticipate.”- ChatGPT Limits of Prior Knowledge Imagine that you are playing chess. However, you can’t see your opponent’s pieces in exchange for him not seeing yours. This play state could be akin to You do not intend to be offensive at all, in the exchange of being private and aware of your flaws. everybody minding their own business. If during the state of the game, any player sees only once the position of the pieces, then that player will gain relevant irreversible information of position. Without it… who knows how many chess boards are between his pieces and your king. Part 3. The Luck of opening such a system I want to first mention that everything I wrote is simply an idea. Until I see it in action, I will disbelieve it as true. And even if I see it in action, who knows if I will believe it to be the true case. I will still require knowledge of the background sets to know what the opener has done. Now, what do I mean by “Luck”? Let’s turn back to another story. “What can we say about “efficiency” when it comes to our safety? Our long-term health and well-being? Why does “efficient” sound a little too rushy here? Because here, we need proof. We have to be sure as our health is at play.” It indeed seems like has a aspect to it. How could we tie efficiency to our locks? efficiency rushy Well… let’s say that the door only requires the key ‘ ’ and the ‘ ’ ending to open. All the internal structure will itself to the middle of the sets and check. This way, we would the number in novel ways. Lisa could simply state “ ” which for the door would mean “ ” and if the difference between the middle points is indeed 51, access is granted. X 3, 2 run encrypt abc 51 I assume that this approach could offer the same kind of information as before. But then, wouldn’t there be the possibility for someone to get that information out of Lisa? I mean, if they know towards which door she is going they could simply go there, and… maybe we could even implement more doors in this case. What if the quantum world is guided in the end by the classics? I don’t know if it’s just me, but I believe that there exists a . A specific Mathematical that, as long as it is , could drive us into of paving a path for . Like the distribution of primes. Each time you get to a , the pattern , but, it . specific system process kept hidden endless ways true privacy new prime overall changes the slightest changes Based on what we see, 2,3,5,7, and so on, those , of numbers out of the . first prime numbers cut a lot natural number line The the primes we find, the the numbers they . Yet, when talking about , isn’t the same as the part? bigger less influence infinity half 1000th Personal Infinity Could we form a “ ” that works as our ? personal bounded infinity workspace The is and to that . If know those , then only we can depict that to at the to it. overall change static tied infinity only we boundaries overall change stop last prime required exhibit The of someone the is very low since they have to take into account the (Which are at and (but serve as guiding rules) in the process of ). The simplest form of drawing a line is placing 2 points and connecting them. chance exhibiting exact median change starting and end points given among authorized parts creation hidden interaction Now the question comes: Could this be some kind of axiom in math? Or a rule that quantum mathematics could follow? When I say quantum mathematics I mean the interaction between two distinct points of view. Those we have to find the between them, knowing about the , or of the in which they sit. (Those points however cannot move as it would require a meeting and re-organizing among the authorized personnel) two points measured distance nothing shape size, color space Part 4: The synergy Now, extended to people, this space could be comprehended and understood. When it comes to AI or any other computational rule, it can only be analyzed. But what if there is nothing else to analyze except the existence of those two points? Even people peaking into the play cannot see the system. This could be a point where we could ensure protection through a form of “limited” consciousness. Understanding of the system itself (which is different from self-understanding). Mathematical rules of a circle, reflection, inner, out, and so on, all enveloped to form a limited self-awareness. With the lack of human power (acknowledging it can be more) the system will remain forever overall static. Even if the rules that guide it are moving and shaping interactions and outcomes. If those two points were to be humans, their unique perspectives would allow them to potentially observe one another and find smart ways to guess the difference between them. Maybe, they could never guess the exact classical value. But that act of guessing could be akin to seeing the rules. Bots would remain stuck there. But humans could draw. Even if we use sophisticated AI for Lisa, the Door, and Bob, they will still not be able to arrive at a conclusive judgment as there will always be insufficient information. If I am to sum up the whole article in a single phrase, I will say: Bots in the end could create the fastest algorithms we’ve had, but they could never surpass our creativity. I mean… it’s important to keep dreaming. The future looks amazing. But there’s still a lot of work to do x.x (This article is dedicated to Dan. Without your help, my schedule (and also my mood) wouldn’t have allowed to me focus on all those points. Thank you!)

Unlocking the Magic of Zero-Knowledge-Proofs—Part 2: Artificial Reasoning and Limits of Information

জিরো-নলেজ প্রুফের ম্যাজিক আনলক করা—পার্ট 2: কৃত্রিম যুক্তি এবং তথ্যের সীমা

Die Magie von Zero-Knowledge-Beweisen erschließen – Teil 2: Künstliches Denken und Informationsgrenzen

Descubriendo la magia de las pruebas de conocimiento cero: Parte 2: Razonamiento artificial y límites de la información

Libérer la magie des preuves sans connaissance – Partie 2 : Raisonnement artificiel et limites de l’information

शून्य-ज्ञान प्रमाणों के जादू को खोलना-भाग 2: कृत्रिम तर्क और सूचना की सीमाएँ

ゼロ知識証明の魔法を解く—パート 2: 人工推論と情報の限界

영지식 증명의 마법 풀기 - 2부: 인공 추론과 정보의 한계

Desbloqueando a magia das provas de conhecimento zero – Parte 2: Raciocínio artificial e limites de informação

Раскрытие магии доказательств с нулевым разглашением — Часть 2: Искусственные рассуждения и ограничения информации

Sıfır Bilgi Kanıtlarının Büyüsünün Kilidini Açmak - Bölüm 2: Yapay Muhakeme ve Bilginin Sınırları

Giải phóng sự kỳ diệu của những bằng chứng không có kiến thức—Phần 2: Lý luận nhân tạo và giới hạn thông tin

解锁零知识证明的魔力——第 2 部分：人工推理和信息限制

DRY, or Don't Repeat Yourself, is one of the most well-known software development principles. Many engineers will go to great lengths to achieve this laudable goal, so a successful programming language must be designed with this in mind. Interfaces are just one of the tools that programming languages implement to enable code reuse. Although there are countless differences in the way programming languages implement interfaces, they all define a contract for interaction between software components. Differentiating itself from the typical object-oriented implementation, the Go programming language implements interfaces in a way that aims to reduce complexity, encourage composition, and enable flexible use of the types. Implicit Interfaces The most impactful difference between Go’s interfaces and those from object-oriented languages is that Go’s interfaces work by implicit implementation. Rather than requiring a type to explicitly declare that it implements an interface, determines that a type satisfies an interface as long as it implements all of the required method signatures. The different types and the interface they implement are only coupled by the code using them, rather than always being linked together. Go This difference offers a few key benefits: Reduce complexity and coupling by limiting the hierarchical inheritance of interfaces Simplify types that implement multiple interfaces Enables you to add interfaces later on when they become necessary instead of designing entire applications around them Interfaces can be created for types in different packages This last benefit is the most interesting and unique. The ability to define an interface based on external types leads to a few more specific advantages: Client code can define how it will use types rather than relying on library code to tell it how types must be used Create polymorphic relationships with types that you do not own or cannot change, which allows you to use them more flexibly Solve import cycle issues by changing the location of interface definitions Create mocks of imported types to make your code more testable No Inheritance By excluding inheritance, Go reduces the complexity that can occur from a deep hierarchical structure. When programs are designed around a base set of classes or interfaces, any simple changes to those base structures require a significant refactor. The alternative practice of composition leads to reduced complexity and more readable code. Composition relies on splitting up functionality among different types and using them together, instead of re-defining the functionality of types through inheritance. Now you can re-use these individual components elsewhere, add more functionality with new components, and easily refactor or remove existing ones. Instead of being concerned about what type something , your code just needs to know about what that type , and luckily the interface informs it. is can do Use Case: Polymorphism Polymorphism is perhaps the entire reason behind the existence of interfaces. This common practice is one of the most effective and easy-to-use methods of code reuse. Since an interface defines a strict contract for how types are used, these different types can be used interchangeably; this is polymorphism. A very common and useful scenario for this is having a flexible storage backend for your program: use Postgres in production, SQLite when running locally, and mocks when testing (or skip the database mocks, but that's a topic for another day). type StorageClient interface {
    GetValue(id string) (string, error)
}

func NewStorageClient(clientType string) (StorageClient, error) {
    switch clientType {
        case "sqlite":
            return sqlite.NewClient()
        case "postgres":
            return postgres.NewClient()
        default:
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid client type: %s", clientType)
    }
} This implementation allows you to easily use the interface throughout the program without concern for the data storage layer behind it. StorageClient Use Case: Testing and Mocks You can take advantage of the implicit nature of interfaces by defining an interface for the functions you use from an external library. For example, you are assigned a task to implement a function that fetches recent rain data, in inches, from a weather data API. The made-up weather provider publishes Go package called , which provides a struct with various weather-related methods returning data in metric units: weather Client func GetRainInches(since time.Duration, client weather.Client) (float32, error) {
    rainMM, err := client.GetRain(since)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, fmt.Errorf("error getting data from API: %w", err)
    }

    return rainMM / 2.54, nil
} How will you unit test this code? Since Go has implicit interfaces, you can create your interface that just defines the methods that you need from the library. Now, if your function expects this interface instead, you can create your mocks. Since you currently just need the method, this is simple: GetRain type WeatherClient interface {
    GetRain(time.Duration) (float32, error)
}

func GetRainInches(since time.Duration, client WeatherClient) (float32, error) {
    rainMM, err := client.GetRain(since)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, fmt.Errorf("error getting data from API: %w", err)
    }

    return rainMM / 2.54, nil
} Then, your test file might contain a new struct that also implements the interface: type MockWeatherClient struct {
    expectedErr error
    expectedMM  float32
}

func (c MockWeatherClient) GetRain(time.Duration) (float32, error) {
    return c.expectedMM, c.expectedErr
} After this simple refactor, you do not depend on external libraries to provide interfaces that make your code testable! You have the additional side-effect of being one step closer to allowing your program to use different weather APIs generically. Conclusion and Warnings While interfaces in Go were designed with considerations for simplicity and avoiding some of the common pitfalls of object-oriented patterns, there are still some things to be aware of. It may be tempting to define interfaces for everything with the hopes that you can create a more generic and flexible program. Remember that one of the implicit interfaces is that you can easily create a new interface when you need it without making changes to any existing types, so there is no benefit to creating interfaces early in the process. Additionally, since types do not explicitly declare which interfaces they implement, it may be hard to tell which types are being used by your program when you have superfluous interfaces. While there are always tradeoffs and no perfect solutions, I have found Go's version of interfaces to be incredibly flexible, intuitive, and useful. I have been able to create more flexible programs and improve testability all while minimizing complexity. Also published here.

Go Interfaces Are Just Like Magic

Some time ago, I came across an amusing series of tasks on the website leetcode.com. The tasks themselves are not too difficult, but their solutions are quite intriguing. Moreover, problems of this type often appear in interviews at major companies, and understanding the methods of their solution can be quite beneficial. The First Task Is 136. Single Number (Easy) Given a non-empty array of integers where every element appears twice except for one, you need to find the element without a pair. Solve the problem in O(n) time complexity and with constant extra memory. Example 1: Input: nums = [1, 3, 3, 2, 6, 2, 1] Output: 6 Example 2: Input: nums = [12, 1, 1, 7, 1, 12, 1] Output: 7 Example 3: Input: nums = [6] Output: 6 Try to find a solution to the problem on your own. We will leverage the XOR function property, which yields 1 only when its operands are different. By traversing through all the elements of the array and performing bitwise XOR on them, we will zero out all identical bit values. As a result, what remains will be the desired outcome. Here is a short Python3 solution code: def single_number(nums: list) -> int:
    result = 0

    for el in nums:
        result ^= el

    return result We use only as much additional memory as an integer occupies, and find the solution in a single pass through the given array, giving us O(n) complexity. This is a concise and elegant solution. The Second Problem Is 137. Single Number II (Medium Difficulty) Given a non-empty array of integers where every element appears three times except for one, and only one element appears once, we need to find this unique element. Solve the problem in O(n) time complexity and with constant extra memory. Example 1: Input: nums = [3, 1, 3, 3] Output: 1 Example 2: Input: nums = [12, 1, 1, 5, 1, 12, 12] Output: 5 Example 3: Input: nums = [6] Output: 6 Try to find a solution to the problem on your own Unfortunately, we cannot use the previous trick in this case since we cannot turn paired bits at the required position into zeros. It would be tempting to transform the given array into the format from the previous task, and then solve it in a similar way. Reasoning this way, it's easy to notice that if we knew that we had already encountered the number N twice (or thrice) while traversing the array, we could add an additional XOR with N to the sum we are obtaining. This would make the final XOR with this number even, thereby removing it from the final sum, and what remains would be our answer. def single_number_ii(nums: list) -> int:
    mem = {}
    result = 0

    for el in nums:
        if not mem.get(el, False):
            mem[el] = 1
        else:
            mem[el] += 1
            if mem[el] == 2:
                result ^= el
        result ^= el

    return result Unfortunately, this solution would require a maximum of (len(nums)-1)/3 in terms of memory, which cannot be considered constant consumption, so we will have to look for another solution. Let's try changing our approach. Earlier, we used XOR (which represents addition modulo 2). If we had implemented addition modulo 3, we could have easily applied the trick from the previous example. If we can put a number into the answer the first time we encounter it, put it in the accumulator the second time, and zero out both the answer and the accumulator the third time, it would help us solve the problem in one pass-through the list with additional memory consumption exactly equal to two integers, meeting the task requirements. So, let's apply a bit more bitwise magic: def single_number_137_ii(nums: list) -> int:
    ans, acc = 0, 0

    for n in nums:
        ans = ans ^ n & ~acc
        acc = acc ^ n & ~ans

    return ans This way, all triple numbers get zeroed out, and we are left with only the number that occurs only once. The Third Task Is 260. Single Number III (Medium Difficulty) Given a non-empty array of integers where every element appears twice, except for two elements that appear only once, we need to find these unique elements. The goal is to solve the problem in O(n) time complexity and with constant extra memory, and the order of the unique elements does not matter. Example 1: Input: nums = [1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 5] Output: [3, 5] Example 2: Input: nums = [1, -2] Output: [-2, 1] Try to find a solution to the problem on your own Obviously, we can easily eliminate all paired numbers using the XOR operation, as we did in solving the first task. The complexity of the task then lies in identifying any of the unique numbers, after which the second one can be easily computed by XOR-ing it with our XOR sum. To achieve this, we just need to find any differing bit between these unique numbers. Then, we iterate through the array again, performing XOR summation and dividing the results into two groups - for numbers where this bit is set and for those where it is 0. As a result, we obtain the desired unique elements. def single_number_260(nums: list) -> int:
    res1, res2 = 0, 0
    glob_xor = 0

    for n in nums:
        glob_xor ^= n

    diff_bit = glob_xor & ~(glob_xor - 1)

    for n in nums:
        if n & diff_bit:
            res1 ^= n
        else:
            res2 ^= n

    return [res1, res2] Despite having to iterate through the array twice, the complexity remains O(n), and the memory consumption is only 2 integers. NB: Despite the fact that int in Python is not exactly the same as int in other languages, we will consider its size as a constant

A Bit of Ancient Algorithmic Magic, or Solving an Intriguing Sequence of Tasks From LeetCode

প্রাচীন অ্যালগরিদমিক ম্যাজিকের একটি বিট, বা লিটকোড থেকে কাজগুলির একটি আকর্ষণীয় ক্রম সমাধান করা

Ein bisschen alte algorithmische Magie oder das Lösen einer faszinierenden Abfolge von Aufgaben mit LeetCode

Un poco de magia algorítmica antigua o resolver una secuencia intrigante de tareas de LeetCode

Un peu de magie algorithmique ancienne, ou résoudre une séquence de tâches intrigante à partir de LeetCode

प्राचीन एल्गोरिथम जादू का एक अंश, या लीटकोड से कार्यों के एक दिलचस्प अनुक्रम को हल करना

古代のアルゴリズムの魔法、または LeetCode からの興味深い一連のタスクの解決

약간의 고대 알고리즘 마법 또는 LeetCode의 흥미로운 일련의 작업 해결

Um pouco de magia algorítmica antiga ou resolvendo uma sequência intrigante de tarefas do LeetCode

Немного древней алгоритмической магии, или Решение интригующей последовательности задач из LeetCode

Biraz Kadim Algoritmik Sihir veya LeetCode'dan İlgi Çekici Bir Görev Dizisini Çözmek

Một chút phép thuật thuật toán cổ xưa hoặc giải một chuỗi nhiệm vụ hấp dẫn từ LeetCode

一点古老的算法魔法，或者解决 LeetCode 中一系列有趣的任务

Philosophy and science have played a crucial role in paving our understanding of the world and continue now, more than ever. Our life today is simply the outcome of the interplay of those two ways of depicting reality. In today's world, however, science has gathered an all-together interest from what I have seen. Or at least when it comes to externalization. Philosophy has sought its way within each of us, and our guiding principles have become so rooted inside us that we often forget to check and test our principles of what morality and ethics could mean. The field of AI has ultimately opened a door that is far from closing. The rising of philosophical implications in the world of programming and mathematics obliges us to ponder way beyond what we or those before us considered normal. There are no weird times. There is only a lack of understanding. The Stage of Zero-Knowledge Proofs Turning our glare to Zero-Knowledge Proofs and the ideas implied, we see in front of us a small stage where three actors dance. In front of the action, there is a door. A door that requires a secret key to open. In front of the door, we have our main actor. Lisa (the prover). Lisa supposedly has the secret key to open the door, however, Bob (the verifier), who stays behind Lisa must not understand anything about the process of opening the door but only conclude after repeated openings that Lisa indeed has the key and thus, grant her permission to enter. The overall key aspect of this concept is that Bob receives no information at all, not even the information displayed in how many times Lisa took a breath during the attempts to open the door. Now, I, for one am not really into all that mathematical and science foundational background of how this happens. Don't get me wrong, I love math, it's just that I am too lazy to pass beyond the conceptual ideas behind it. With that said, I want to now offer my view on how I see such a zero-knowledge-proof system. A way that, since makes sense to me, I am sure will make for many. Let's turn our thoughts back to the stage and try to strip all the characters of their bodies, leaving only their clothes behind. Which I will assume is their true conceptual role in this play. The door is the logical gate that holds the information of the key and can transmit outside only whether the presented key is right or wrong. Bob as the verifier has the role of observing and giving or not permission for Lisa to enter the door. Bob can be seen as a judge who bases his decision on proof solely. Whether the door opens or not after Lisa's attempts. Now for Lisa, it may be harder to depict her essence because just like the door, she may hold the key (or not), but she has to send the key without transmitting any external information. When we try to set our stage literally, only magic can solve this problem. However, we must remember that we work in the domain of concepts, where what we consider magic outside, is one of the guiding principles (along with logic, which states the truth-hood and validity of our construction). So Lisa has to find a way in which the key is sent outside Bob's vision or since Zero-Knowledge means in the end Zero-Knowledge, Lisa's external outputs should be receptible by the door only. Here, we cross into a realm of (possible) sub-concepts. Where any external observation is analyzed from a specific perspective and changed partially or totally. This happens a lot in our daily lives; how do you think we can understand sign language? Same external output, yet, seen from a pre-defined sub-medium. Now, the question that arises is: Is the sub-medium the only way to transfer such a key without external outputs? Or more precisely, without external truths? My understanding breaks here since no one gave me a clear answer, after all, ChatGPT was my only companion along the way (I already told you I am lazy). Then a thought clicked. Without a sub-medium, there's no way to transfer any hidden information. The key role in Zero-Knowledge. I believe that's why it's called Zero-Knowledge and not Zero-Information. This means that there can still be a way to crack open the code, but it would take eons probably. Maybe the idea of perfect security is as philosophical as AGI (and when I say AGI, I mean the self-awareness implications). After all, how can the door open when needed unless it too has free will? Then comes the matter of choice and ethics and so so so, so let's turn back to where we were. So, we have made the difference between Zero-Knowledge and Zero-Information. Now, what about the way we implement a sub-medium into this key? In a sense, one broader view of the sub-medium can be seen in implementing a mirroring sense. All that Lisa does is seen mirrored from the door, and only Lisa and the door know that. However, if Bob wanted to enter, it would be very easy to eventually think about this and try the combination himself. Then, certain rituals would be required. Rituals that may change cyclical after each opening. Sustaining such a system in order would require memory for both the door and Lisa to be able to retain and change among them. One could always check the security by checking the memory. Then, questions about gibberish memory come into play in order to scare off the intruders who may want to bypass. Alluding later to the sense of courage and self-esteem as you broke down 1TB of key complexity. Doesn't it? I am not fully aware of the techniques used today and other implications, but the fact is, everyone can contribute to a broader picture of this play. Everyone can play a key role in shaping either the door or the mischievousness of Bob. All I hope is that whoever chooses to help Bob, will help him only to see his full potential so that later, new avenues will be open to overcome any devious aspect of his evolving ego. Those who know its face, may not feel its presence. Those who feel its presence, don't feel necessarily evil. The devil may be a deceiver, but sometimes, he deceives us not to seek him until we are ready. For his power can lead to both unimaginable success and disastrous failure. - This message can resonate in a lot of ways with all kinds of people, depending on their views, past, and even future. Those who know what I know may have depicted the same or similar view of the Good Devil. The one who rushes in where progress fails. Sometimes, progress also leads to separation. Doesn't it? It is the willingness of goodness to lift others alongside us. But then, how would they react if they were helped out of pity? I will stop, I promise; I just wanted to point out that all those problems and dilemmas we have felt or had will be influenced and contemplated further into tomorrow's society. I know that now it's hard since the evidence can only be concluded through logic and overall experience. But there will come a time when seconds will become minutes. Without evolving there's no continuation. Without acceptance, there's no evolving. Without understanding, there's no acceptance. Without evolving, there's no understanding. It's a crazy world, but what makes the storm seem calmer are our own inner views, morals, and ethical foundations. Without them, how can we be sure that our home will not fly during the next storm? Now, I sincerely need a break from all of this. But one last important aspect to remember. Writing is always easier than reading. Because who can understand yourself if not you? I will eventually continue the narrative and the promised merging of Magic with Philosophy in the week that is to come. I intend to make it my biggest project (well, my first-ever big project). I hope you enjoyed my brief description of Zero-Knowledge, my depiction of Good and Evil, and overall, my formality. Is it through your writing that magic brings your thoughts to paper? It is through your magic that you refine your writing. Until the next we meet, I hope more question marks will be straightened up.

Unlocking the Magic of Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Disintegration of Philosophy and Science (Part 1)

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