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Henderson

U.S. County

Vicksburg

Tyler Henderson learned how to triple jump in 10 minutes. Two years ago, at the Little Six Championship meet, a late scratch created an opening in the lineup. Henderson was a promising freshman long jumper but had never done the triple jump,

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2023 All-County Track: Vicksburg’s Henderson makes the leap to state champion, Athlete of the Year

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The Vicksburg Post

Scotts Valley

Time

Scotts Valley High’s Ashlyn Boothby was looking to peak at the CIF State Track and Field Championships at Buchanan High on Saturday. And it was quite a peak.

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Championship

Scotts Valley’s Ashlyn Boothby runs nation’s second fastest time in 1,600 this season at CIF State Track and Field Championships

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Santa Cruz Sentinel

Jim Gray

Michael Jordan

Why Jim O'Donnell remembers the 1998 Eastern Conference Finals between the Bulls and the Pacers as instant sports history -- a place in time that might endure forever.

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Daily Herald

Malik Allen

Triple jump

The Tigers scored 37 points to tie for fourth place with Hinsdale Central. Homewood Flossmoor won the Class 3A state championship with 58 points, followed by Neuqua Valley with 42 points and Champaign Centennial with 40 points.

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Malik Allen wins triple jump state title; Tigers tie for fourth

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The Edwardsville Intelligencer

Derrick White

Game 6

Celtics on brink of becoming first team to win playoff series after going down 0-3. When Marcus Smart’s turnaround jumper rattled in and out in Saturday’s Game 6 matchup betwe

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vsin.com

Sophia

While she was happy to win one last OSAA gold medal, the state’s best-ever long jumper — who’s best mark of 22-4 is just an inch off the national record — wanted to go out with a bigger performance. “It does mean a lot to me. It’d nice to go out and PR again like last year.”

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Sophia Beckmon wins final OSAA long jump gold, just not with the dynamic performance she was hoping for

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Oregonian

Ohio High School Athletic Association

Hunter

With his season on the line, Crestwood senior Hunter Yoder landed his best jump to advance to his first state meet.

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Crestwood senior Hunter Yoder lands his best jump at the perfect time to make state

Record-Courier

Women Teachers Training College

Mount Pisgah

Police

Vermont State Police reported that a female fell to her death from a scenice lookout on Mt. Pisgah in Westmore and that she purposely jumped from the cliff overlook.

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Police: Female Killed Following ‘Intentional’ Jump From Mt. Pisgah Lookout

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The Caledonian Record

Canton South High School

High jump

Canton South high jumper Xavier Williams' only high school track and field season will end on the state's biggest stage.

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'One of the best days': Canton South high jumper Xavier Williams qualifies for state meet

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JUMPER

THE MANTIS: HER HUNTING

Social Life in the Insect World by Jean-Henri Fabre, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE MANTIS.—THE CHASE CHAPTER V. THE MANTIS.—THE CHASE There is another creature of the Midi which is quite as curious and interesting as the Cigale, but much less famous, as it is voiceless. If Providence had provided it with cymbals, which are a prime element of popularity, it would soon have eclipsed the renown of the celebrated singer, so strange is its shape, and so peculiar its manners. It is called by the Provençals lou Prègo-Diéu, the creature which prays to God. Its official name is the Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa, Lin.). For once the language of science and the vocabulary of the peasant agree. Both represent the Mantis as a priestess delivering oracles, or an ascetic in a mystic ecstasy. The comparison is a matter of antiquity. The ancient Greeks called the insect Μἁντιϛ, the divine, the prophet. The worker in the fields is never slow in perceiving analogies; he will always generously supplement the vagueness of the facts. He has seen, on the sun-burned herbage of the meadows, an insect of commanding appearance, drawn up in majestic attitude. He has noticed its wide, delicate wings of green, trailing behind it like long linen veils; he has seen its fore-limbs, its arms, so to speak, raised towards to the sky in a gesture of invocation. This was enough: popular imagination has done the rest; so that since the period of classical antiquity the bushes have been peopled with priestesses emitting oracles and nuns in prayer. Good people, how very far astray your childlike simplicity has led you! These attitudes of prayer conceal the most atrocious habits; these supplicating arms are lethal weapons; these fingers tell no rosaries, but help to exterminate the unfortunate passer-by. It is an exception that we should never look for in the vegetarian family of the Orthoptera, but the Mantis lives exclusively upon living prey. It is the tiger of the peaceful insect peoples; the ogre in ambush which demands a tribute of living flesh. If it only had sufficient strength its blood-thirsty appetites, and its horrible perfection of concealment would make it the terror of the countryside. The Prègo-Diéu would become a Satanic vampire. Apart from its lethal weapon the Mantis has nothing about it to inspire apprehension. It does not lack a certain appearance of graciousness, with its slender body, its elegant waist-line, its tender green colouring, and its long gauzy wings. No ferocious jaws, opening like shears; on the contrary, a fine pointed muzzle which seems to be made for billing and cooing. Thanks to a flexible neck, set freely upon the thorax, the head can turn to right or left as on a pivot, bow, or raise itself high in the air. Alone among insects, the Mantis is able to direct its gaze; it inspects and examines; it has almost a physiognomy. There is a very great contrast between the body as a whole, which has a perfectly peaceable aspect, and the murderous fore-limbs. The haunch of the fore-limb is unusually long and powerful. Its object is to throw forward the living trap which does not wait for the victim, but goes in search of it. The snare is embellished with a certain amount of ornamentation. On the inner face the base of the haunch is decorated with a pretty black spot relieved by smaller spots of white, and a few rows of fine pearly spots complete the ornamentation. The thigh, still longer, like a flattened spindle, carries on the forward half of the lower face a double row of steely spines. The innermost row contains a dozen, alternately long and black and short and green. This alternation of unequal lengths makes the weapon more effectual for holding. The outer row is simpler, having only four teeth. Finally, three needle-like spikes, the longest of all, rise behind the double series of spikes. In short, the thigh is a saw with two parallel edges, separated by a groove in which the foreleg lies when folded. The foreleg, which is attached to the thigh by a very flexible articulation, is also a double-edged saw, but the teeth are smaller, more numerous, and closer than those of the thigh. It terminates in a strong hook, the point of which is as sharp as the finest needle: a hook which is fluted underneath and has a double blade like a pruning-knife. A weapon admirably adapted for piercing and tearing, this hook has sometimes left me with visible remembrances. Caught in turn by the creature which I had just captured, and not having both hands free, I have often been obliged to get a second person to free me from my tenacious captive! To free oneself by violence without disengaging the firmly implanted talons would result in lacerations such as the thorns of a rosebush will produce. None of our insects is so inconvenient to handle. The Mantis digs its knife-blades into your flesh, pierces you with its needles, seizes you as in a vice, and renders self-defence almost impossible if, wishing to take your quarry alive, you refrain from crushing it out of existence. When the Mantis is in repose its weapons are folded and pressed against the thorax, and are perfectly inoffensive in appearance. The insect is apparently praying. But let a victim come within reach, and the attitude of prayer is promptly abandoned. Suddenly unfolded, the three long joints of the deadly fore-limbs shoot out their terminal talons, which strike the victim and drag it backwards between the two saw-blades of the thighs. The vice closes with a movement like that of the forearm upon the upper arm, and all is over; crickets, grasshoppers, and even more powerful insects, once seized in this trap with its four rows of teeth, are lost irreparably. Their frantic struggles will never release the hold of this terrible engine of destruction. The habits of the Mantis cannot be continuously studied in the freedom of the fields; the insect must be domesticated. There is no difficulty here; the Mantis is quite indifferent to imprisonment under glass, provided it is well fed. Offer it a tasty diet, feed it daily, and it will feel but little regret for its native thickets. For cages I use a dozen large covers of wire gauze, such as are used in the larder to protect meat from the flies. Each rests upon a tray full of sand. A dry tuft of thyme and a flat stone on which the eggs may be laid later on complete the furnishing of such a dwelling. These cages are placed in a row on the large table in my entomological laboratory, where the sun shines on them during the greater part of the day. There I install my captives; some singly, some in groups. It is in the latter half of August that I begin to meet with the adult insect on the faded herbage and the brambles at the roadside. The females, whose bellies are already swollen, are more numerous every day. Their slender companions, on the other hand, are somewhat rare, and I often have some trouble in completing my couples; whose relations will finally be terminated by a tragic consummation. But we will reserve these amenities for a later time, and will consider the females first. They are tremendous eaters, so that their entertainment, when it lasts for some months is not without difficulties. Their provisions must be renewed every day, for the greater part are disdainfully tasted and thrown a side. On its native bushes I trust the Mantis is more economical. Game is not too abundant, so that she doubtless devours her prey to the last atom; but in my cages it is always at hand. Often, after a few mouthfuls, the insect will drop the juicy morsel without displaying any further interest in it. Such is the ennui of captivity! To provide them with a luxurious table I have to call in assistants. Two or three of the juvenile unemployed of my neighbourhood, bribed by slices of bread and jam or of melon, search morning and evening on the neighbouring lawns, where they fill their game-bags, little cases made from sections of reeds, with living grasshoppers and crickets. On my own part, I make a daily tour of the paddock, net in hand, with the object of obtaining some choice dish for my guests. These particular captures are destined to show me just how far the vigour and audacity of the Mantis will lead it. They include the large grey cricket (Pachytylus cinerascens, Fab.), which is larger than the creature which devours it; the white-faced Decticus, armed with powerful mandibles from which it is wise to guard one's fingers; the grotesque Truxalis, wearing a pyramidal mitre on its head; and the Ephippigera of the vineyards, which clashes its cymbals and carries a sabre at the end of its barrel-shaped abdomen. To this assortment of disobliging creatures let us add two horrors: the silky Epeirus, whose disc-shaped scalloped abdomen is as big as a shilling, and the crowned Epeirus, which is horribly hairy and corpulent. I cannot doubt that the Mantis attacks such adversaries in a state of nature when I see it, under my wire-gauze covers, boldly give battle to whatever is placed before it. Lying in wait among the bushes it must profit by the prizes bestowed upon it by hazard, as in its cage it profits by the wealth of diet due to my generosity. The hunting of such big game as I offer, which is full of danger, must form part of the creature's usual life, though it may be only an occasional pastime, perhaps to the great regret of the Mantis. Crickets of all kinds, butterflies, bees, large flies of many species, and other insects of moderate size: such is the prey that we habitually find in the embrace of the murderous arms of the Mantis. But in my cages I have never known the audacious huntress to recoil before any other insect. Grey cricket, Decticus, Epeirus or Truxalis, sooner or later all are harpooned, held motionless between the saw-edges of the arms, and deliciously crunched at leisure. The process deserves a detailed description. At the sight of a great cricket, which thoughtlessly approaches along the wire-work of the cover, the Mantis, shaken by a convulsive start, suddenly assumes a most terrifying posture. An electric shock would not produce a more immediate result. The transition is so sudden, the mimicry so threatening, that the unaccustomed observer will draw back his hand, as though at some unknown danger. Seasoned as I am, I myself must confess to being startled on occasions when my thoughts have been elsewhere. The creature spreads out like a fan actuated by a spring, or a fantastic Jack-in-the-box. The wing-covers open, and are thrust obliquely aside; the wings spring to their full width, standing up like parallel screens of transparent gauze, forming a pyramidal prominence which dominates the back; the end of the abdomen curls upward s crosier-wise, then falls and unbends itself with a sort of swishing noise, a pouf! pouf! like the sound emitted by the feathers of a strutting turkey-cock. One is reminded of the puffing of a startled adder. Proudly straddling on its four hind-claws, the insect holds its long body almost vertical. The murderous fore-limbs, at first folded and pressed against one another on the thorax, open to their full extent, forming a cross with the body, and exhibiting the axillæ ornamented with rows of pearls, and a black spot with a central point of white. These two eyes, faintly recalling those of the peacock's tail, and the fine ebony embossments, are part of the blazonry of conflict, concealed upon ordinary occasions. Their jewels are only assumed when they make themselves terrible and superb for battle. Motionless in its weird position, the Mantis surveys the acridian, its gaze fixed upon it, its head turning gently as on a pivot as the other changes place. The object of this mimicry seems evident; the Mantis wishes to terrorise its powerful prey, to paralyse it with fright; for if not demoralised by fear the quarry might prove too dangerous. Does it really terrify its prey? Under the shining head of the Decticus, behind the long face of the cricket, who is to say what is passing? No sign of emotion can reveal itself upon these immovable masks. Yet it seems certain that the threatened creature is aware of its danger. It sees, springing up before it, a terrible spectral form with talons outstretched, ready to fall upon it; it feels itself face to face with death, and fails to flee while yet there is time. The creature that excels in leaping, and might so easily escape from the threatening claws, the wonderful jumper with the prodigious thighs, remains crouching stupidly in its place, or even approaches the enemy with deliberate steps. [2] It is said that young birds, paralysed with terror by the gaping mouth of a serpent, or fascinated by its gaze, will allow themselves to be snatched from the nest, incapable of movement. The cricket will often behave in almost the same way. Once within reach of the enchantress, the grappling-hooks are thrown, the fangs strike, the double saws close together and hold the victim in a vice. Vainly the captive struggles; his mandibles chew the air, his desperate kicks meet with no resistance. He has met with his fate. The Mantis refolds her wings, the standard of battle; she resumes her normal pose, and the meal commences. In attacking the Truxalis and the Ephippigera, less dangerous game than the grey cricket and the Decticus, the spectral pose is less imposing and of shorter duration. It is often enough to throw forward the talons; this is so in the case of the Epeirus, which is seized by the middle of the body, without a thought of its venomous claws. With the smaller crickets, which are the customary diet in my cages as at liberty, the Mantis rarely employs her means of intimidation; she merely seizes the heedless passer-by as she lies in wait. When the insect to be captured may present some serious resistance, the Mantis is thus equipped with a pose which terrifies or perplexes, fascinates or absorbs the prey, while it enables her talons to strike with greater certainty. Her gins close on a demoralised victim, incapable of or unready for defence. She freezes the quarry with fear or amazement by suddenly assuming the attitude of a spectre. The wings play an important part in this fantastic pose. They are very wide, green on the outer edge, but colourless and transparent elsewhere. Numerous nervures, spreading out fan-wise, cross them in the direction of their length. Others, transversal but finer, cut the first at right angles, forming with them a multitude of meshes. In the spectral attitude the wings are outspread and erected in two parallel planes which are almost in contact, like the wings of butterflies in repose. Between the two the end of the abdomen rapidly curls and uncurls. From the rubbing of the belly against the network of nervures proceeds the species of puffing sound which I have compared to the hissing of an adder in a posture of defence. To imitate this curious sound it is enough rapidly to stroke the upper face of an outstretched wing with the tip of the finger-nail. In a moment of hunger, after a fast of some days, the large grey cricket, which is as large as the Mantis or larger, will be entirely consumed with the exception of the wings, which are too dry. Two hours are sufficient for the completion of this enormous meal. Such an orgy is rare. I have witnessed it two or three times, always asking myself where the gluttonous creature found room for so much food, and how it contrived to reverse in its own favour the axiom that the content is less than that which contains it. I can only admire the privileges of a stomach in which matter is digested immediately upon entrance, dissolved and made away with. The usual diet of the Mantis under my wire cages consists of crickets of different species and varying greatly in size. It is interesting to watch the Mantis nibbling at its cricket, which it holds in the vice formed by its murderous fore-limbs. In spite of the fine-pointed muzzle, which hardly seems made for such ferocity, the entire insect disappears excepting the wings, of which only the base, which is slightly fleshy, is consumed. Legs, claws, horny integuments, all else is eaten. Sometimes the great hinder thigh is seized by the knuckle, carried to the mouth, tasted, and crunched with a little air of satisfaction. The swollen thigh of the cricket might well be a choice "cut" for the Mantis, as a leg of lamb is for us! The attack on the victim begins at the back of the neck or base of the head. While one of the murderous talons holds the quarry gripped by the middle of the body, the other presses the head downwards, so that the articulation between the back and the neck is stretched and opens slightly. The snout of the Mantis gnaws and burrows into this undefended spot with a certain persistence, and a large wound is opened in the neck. At the lesion of the cephalic ganglions the struggles of the cricket grow less, and the victim becomes a motionless corpse. Thence, unrestricted in its movements, this beast of prey chooses its mouthfuls at leisure. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jean-Henri Fabre (2006). Social Life in the Insect World. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/18350/pg18350-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE MANTIS.—THE CHASE

The Mad King by Edgar Rice Burroughs, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . A TRAP IS SPRUNG A TRAP IS SPRUNG Long before Prince von der Tann reached Lustadt he had come to the conclusion that Leopold was in virtue a prisoner in Blentz. To prove his conclusion he directed one of his staff to return to Blentz and attempt to have audience with the king. “Risk anything,” he instructed the officer to whom he had entrusted the mission. “Submit, if necessary, to the humiliation of seeking an Austrian pass through the lines to the castle. See the king at any cost and deliver this message to him and to him alone and secretly. Tell him my fears, and that if I do not have word from him within twenty-four hours I shall assume that he is indeed a prisoner. “I shall then direct the mobilization of the army and take such steps as seem fit to rescue him and drive the invaders from the soil of Lutha. If you do not return I shall understand that you are held prisoner by the Austrians and that my worst fears have been realized.” But Prince Ludwig was one who believed in being forehanded and so it happened that the orders for the mobilization of the army of Lutha were issued within fifteen minutes of his return to Lustadt. It would do no harm, thought the old man, with a grim smile, to get things well under way a day ahead of time. This accomplished, he summoned the Serbian minister, with what purpose and to what effect became historically evident several days later. When, after twenty-four hours’ absence, his aide had not returned from Blentz, the chancellor had no regrets for his forehandedness. In the castle of Peter of Blentz the king of Lutha was being entertained royally. He was told nothing of the attempt of his chancellor to see him, nor did he know that a messenger from Prince von der Tann was being held a prisoner in the camp of the Austrians in the village. He was surrounded by the creatures of Prince Peter and by Peter’s staunch allies, the Austrian minister and the Austrian officers attached to the expeditionary force occupying the town. They told him that they had positive information that the Serbians already had crossed the frontier into Lutha, and that the presence of the Austrian troops was purely for the protection of Lutha. It was not until the morning following the rebuff of Prince von der Tann that Peter of Blentz, Count Zellerndorf and Maenck heard of the occurrence. They were chagrined by the accident, for they were not ready to deliver their final stroke. The young officer of the guard had, of course, but followed his instructions—who would have thought that old Von der Tann would come to Blentz! That he suspected their motives seemed apparent, and now that his rebuff at the gates had aroused his ire and, doubtless, crystallized his suspicions, they might find in him a very ugly obstacle to the fruition of their plans. With Von der Tann actively opposed to them, the value of having the king upon their side would be greatly minimized. The people and the army had every confidence in the old chancellor. Even if he opposed the king there was reason to believe that they might still side with him. “What is to be done?” asked Zellerndorf. “Is there no way either to win or force Von der Tann to acquiescence?” “I think we can accomplish it,” said Prince Peter, after a moment of thought. “Let us see Leopold. His mind has been prepared to receive almost gratefully any insinuations against the loyalty of Von der Tann. With proper evidence the king may easily be persuaded to order the chancellor’s arrest—possibly his execution as well.” So they saw the king, only to meet a stubborn refusal upon the part of Leopold to accede to their suggestions. He still was madly in love with Von der Tann’s daughter, and he knew that a blow delivered at her father would only tend to increase her bitterness toward him. The conspirators were nonplussed. They had looked for a comparatively easy road to the consummation of their desires. What in the world could be the cause of the king’s stubborn desire to protect the man they knew he feared, hated, and mistrusted with all the energy of his suspicious nature? It was the king himself who answered their unspoken question. “I cannot believe in the disloyalty of Prince Ludwig,” he said, “nor could I, even if I desired it, take such drastic steps as you suggest. Some day the Princess Emma, his daughter, will be my queen.” Count Zellerndorf was the first to grasp the possibilities that lay in the suggestion the king’s words carried. “Your majesty,” he cried, “there is a way to unite all factions in Lutha. It would be better to insure the loyalty of Von der Tann through bonds of kinship than to antagonize him. Marry the Princess Emma at once. “Wait, your majesty,” he added, as Leopold raised an objecting hand. “I am well informed as to the strange obstinacy of the princess, but for the welfare of the state—yes, for the sake of your very throne, sire—you should exert your royal prerogatives and command the Princess Emma to carry out the terms of your betrothal.” “What do you mean, Zellerndorf?” asked the king. “I mean, sire, that we should bring the princess here and compel her to marry you.” Leopold shook his head. “You do not know her,” he said. “You do not know the Von der Tann nature—one cannot force a Von der Tann.” “Pardon, sire,” urged Zellerndorf, “but I think it can be accomplished. If the Princess Emma knew that your majesty believed her father to be a traitor—that the order for his arrest and execution but awaited your signature—I doubt not that she would gladly become queen of Lutha, with her father’s life and liberty as a wedding gift.” For several minutes no one spoke after Count Zellerndorf had ceased. Leopold sat looking at the toe of his boot. Peter of Blentz, Maenck, and the Austrian watched him intently. The possibilities of the plan were sinking deep into the minds of all four. At last the king rose. He was mumbling to himself as though unconscious of the presence of the others. “She is a stubborn jade,” he mumbled. “It would be an excellent lesson for her. She needs to be taught that I am her king,” and then as though his conscience required a sop, “I shall be very good to her. Afterward she will be happy.” He turned toward Zellerndorf. “You think it can be done?” “Most assuredly, your majesty. We shall take immediate steps to fetch the Princess Emma to Blentz,” and the Austrian rose and backed from the apartment lest the king change his mind. Prince Peter and Maenck followed him. Princess Emma von der Tann sat in her boudoir in her father’s castle in the Old Forest. Except for servants, she was alone in the fortress, for Prince von der Tann was in Lustadt. Her mind was occupied with memories of the young American who had entered her life under such strange circumstances two years before—memories that had been awakened by the return of Lieutenant Otto Butzow to Lutha. He had come directly to her father and had been attached to the prince’s personal staff. From him she had heard a great deal about Barney Custer, and the old interest, never a moment forgotten during these two years, was reawakened to all its former intensity. Butzow had accompanied Prince Ludwig to Lustadt, but Princess Emma would not go with them. For two years she had not entered the capital, and much of that period had been spent in Paris. Only within the past fortnight had she returned to Lutha. In the middle of the morning her reveries were interrupted by the entrance of a servant bearing a message. She had to read it twice before she could realize its purport; though it was plainly worded—the shock of it had stunned her. It was dated at Lustadt and signed by one of the palace functionaries: Prince von der Tann has suffered a slight stroke. Do not be alarmed, but come at once. The two troopers who bear this message will act as your escort. It required but a few minutes for the girl to change to her riding clothes, and when she ran down into the court she found her horse awaiting her in the hands of her groom, while close by two mounted troopers raised their hands to their helmets in salute. A moment later the three clattered over the drawbridge and along the road that leads toward Lustadt. The escort rode a short distance behind the girl, and they were hard put to it to hold the mad pace which she set them. A few miles from Tann the road forks. One branch leads toward the capital and the other winds over the hills in the direction of Blentz. The fork occurs within the boundaries of the Old Forest. Great trees overhang the winding road, casting a twilight shade even at high noon. It is a lonely spot, far from any habitation. As the Princess Emma approached the fork she reined in her mount, for across the road to Lustadt a dozen horsemen barred her way. At first she thought nothing of it, turning her horse’s head to the righthand side of the road to pass the party, all of whom were in uniform; but as she did so one of the men reined directly in her path. The act was obviously intentional. The girl looked quickly up into the man’s face, and her own went white. He who stopped her way was Captain Ernst Maenck. She had not seen the man for two years, but she had good cause to remember him as the governor of the castle of Blentz and the man who had attempted to take advantage of her helplessness when she had been a prisoner in Prince Peter’s fortress. Now she looked straight into the fellow’s eyes. “Let me pass, please,” she said coldly. “I am sorry,” replied Maenck with an evil smile; “but the king’s orders are that you accompany me to Blentz—the king is there.” For answer the girl drove her spur into her mount’s side. The animal leaped forward, striking Maenck’s horse on the shoulder and half turning him aside, but the man clutched at the girl’s bridle-rein, and, seizing it, brought her to a stop. “You may as well come voluntarily, for come you must,” he said. “It will be easier for you.” “I shall not come voluntarily,” she replied. “If you take me to Blentz you will have to take me by force, and if my king is not sufficiently a gentleman to demand an accounting of you, I am at least more fortunate in the possession of a father who will.” “Your father will scarce wish to question the acts of his king,” said Maenck—“his king and the husband of his daughter.” “What do you mean?” she cried. “That before you are many hours older, your highness, you will be queen of Lutha.” The Princess Emma turned toward her tardy escort that had just arrived upon the scene. “This person has stopped me,” she said, “and will not permit me to continue toward Lustadt. Make a way for me; you are armed!” Maenck smiled. “Both of them are my men,” he explained. The girl saw it all now—the whole scheme to lure her to Blentz. Even then, though, she could not believe the king had been one of the conspirators of the plot. Weak as he was he was still a Rubinroth, and it was difficult for a Von der Tann to believe in the duplicity of a member of the house they had served so loyally for centuries. With bowed head the princess turned her horse into the road that led toward Blentz. Half the troopers preceded her, the balance following behind. Maenck wondered at the promptness of her surrender. “To be a queen—ah! that was the great temptation,” he thought but he did not know what was passing in the girl’s mind. She had seen that escape for the moment was impossible, and so had decided to bide her time until a more propitious chance should come. In silence she rode among her captors. The thought of being brought to Blentz alive was unbearable. Somewhere along the road there would be an opportunity to escape. Her horse was fleet; with a short start he could easily outdistance these heavier cavalry animals and as a last resort she could—she must—find some way to end her life, rather than to be dragged to the altar beside Leopold of Lutha. Since childhood Emma von der Tann had ridden these hilly roads. She knew every lane and bypath for miles around. She knew the short cuts, the gullies and ravines. She knew where one might, with a good jumper, save a wide detour, and as she rode toward Blentz she passed in review through her mind each of the many spots where a sudden break for liberty might have the best chance to succeed. And at last she hit upon the place where a quick turn would take her from the main road into the roughest sort of going for one not familiar with the trail. Maenck and his soldiers had already partially relaxed their vigilance. The officer had come to the conclusion that his prisoner was resigned to her fate and that, after all, the fate of being forced to be queen did not appear so dark to her. They had wound up a wooded hill and were half way up to the summit. The princess was riding close to the right-hand side of the road. Quite suddenly, and before a hand could be raised to stay her, she wheeled her mount between two trees, struck home her spur, and was gone into the wood upon the steep hillside. With an oath, Maenck cried to his men to be after her. He himself spurred into the forest at the point where the girl had disappeared. So sudden had been her break for liberty and so quickly had the foliage swallowed her that there was something almost uncanny in it. A hundred yards from the road the trees were further apart, and through them the pursuers caught a glimpse of their quarry. The girl was riding like mad along the rough, uneven hillside. Her mount, surefooted as a chamois, seemed in his element. But two of the horses of her pursuers were as swift, and under the cruel spurs of their riders were closing up on their fugitive. The girl urged her horse to greater speed, yet still the two behind closed in. A hundred yards ahead lay a deep and narrow gully, hid by bushes that grew rankly along its verge. Straight toward this the Princess Emma von der Tann rode. Behind her came her pursuers—two quite close and the others trailing farther in the rear. The girl reined in a trifle, letting the troopers that were closest to her gain until they were but a few strides behind, then she put spur to her horse and drove him at topmost speed straight toward the gully. At the bushes she spoke a low word in his backlaid ears, raised him quickly with the bit, leaning forward as he rose in air. Like a bird that animal took the bushes and the gully beyond, while close behind him crashed the two luckless troopers. Emma von der Tann cast a single backward glance over her shoulder, as her horse regained his stride upon the opposite side of the gully, to see her two foremost pursuers plunging headlong into it. Then she shook free her reins and gave her mount his head along a narrow trail that both had followed many times before. Behind her, Maenck and the balance of his men came to a sudden stop at the edge of the gully. Below them one of the troopers was struggling to his feet. The other lay very still beneath his motionless horse. With an angry oath Maenck directed one of his men to remain and help the two who had plunged over the brink, then with the others he rode along the gully searching for a crossing. Before they found one their captive was a mile ahead of them, and, barring accident, quite beyond recapture. She was making for a highway that would lead her to Lustadt. Ordinarily she had been wont to bear a little to the north-east at this point and strike back into the road that she had just left; but today she feared to do so lest she be cut off before she gained the north and south highroad which the other road crossed a little farther on. To her right was a small farm across which she had never ridden, for she always had made it a point never to trespass upon fenced grounds. On the opposite side of the farm was a wood, and somewhere beyond that a small stream which the highroad crossed upon a little bridge. It was all new country to her, but it must be ventured. She took the fence at the edge of the clearing and then reined in a moment to look behind her. A mile away she saw the head and shoulders of a horseman above some low bushes—the pursuers had found a way through the gully. Turning once more to her flight the girl rode rapidly across the fields toward the wood. Here she found a high wire fence so close to thickly growing trees upon the opposite side that she dared not attempt to jump it—there was no point at which she would not have been raked from the saddle by overhanging boughs. Slipping to the ground she attacked the barrier with her bare hands, attempting to tear away the staples that held the wire in place. For several minutes she surged and tugged upon the unyielding metal strand. An occasional backward glance revealed to her horrified eyes the rapid approach of her enemies. One of them was far in advance of the others—in another moment he would be upon her. With redoubled fury she turned again to the fence. A superhuman effort brought away a staple. One wire was down and an instant later two more. Standing with one foot upon the wires to keep them from tangling about her horse’s legs, she pulled her mount across into the wood. The foremost horseman was close upon her as she finally succeeded in urging the animal across the fallen wires. The girl sprang to her horse’s side just as the man reached the fence. The wires, released from her weight, sprang up breast high against his horse. He leaped from the saddle the instant that the girl was swinging into her own. Then the fellow jumped the fence and caught her bridle. She struck at him with her whip, lashing him across the head and face, but he clung tightly, dragged hither and thither by the frightened horse, until at last he managed to reach the girl’s arm and drag her to the ground. Almost at the same instant a man, unkempt and disheveled, sprang from behind a tree and with a single blow stretched the trooper unconscious upon the ground. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Edgar Rice Burroughs (1995). The Mad King. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/364/pg364-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

A TRAP IS SPRUNG

Akeyo Ochenge skittered to a stop atop the crater rim. In the distance, blue-tinted dunes stretched away to the horizon. Below him, he could see the cluster of domed buildings that made up this agricultural station clinging to the edge of the crater wall. This station, his home, was named Herschel-AG2, the second station built along the crater wall. There were now 38 of these stations all around the rim of Herschel, a station every 25 kilometers. Here, as at each of these stations, the ever-shifting dunes had been tamed, leveled off, and built up with organic material over time, first with lichens and mosses, then grasses and now crops, row upon row of legumes — fields of splendor in the blue light of the sun. Akeyo sat back in the seat of his electric AT and adjusted his rebreather, a small device on his belt, loaded with oxygen tablets and culminating in a small plastic tube clipped to his nose, not unlike a patient on oxygen might wear in a hospital. The Martian atmosphere wasn’t quite breathable without this little enrichment. He might survive without it for some hours, but eventually, the thin air would kill him through oxygen deprivation. Tesla The Green Mars Project has been plugging along for more than two centuries now, creating great change on the surface of the no longer Red Planet. Even so, much of the Martian landscape continued to look like a bleak war zone. The population of Mars now hovered around 2.5 billion souls, while Earth teetered under the load of 14 billion. Barring the ever-present possibility of total collapse, the population on Earth could be more, but for the constant and numerous inter-planetary projects which served to offload much of the surplus population. Akeyo himself was sterile, as were all colonists. Gone was the ancient mandate to populate. The only growth on any of the planets, planetoids, moons and asteroids, as well as the man-made stations dotted here and there across the system, was the constant flow of expats from Earth. Mother Earth, the womb of the solar system. Every other place, foster homes for her unwanted children. At 22 years of age(42 Earth Years or EY), Akeyo had seen so much change. There were always the idiots that fomented for Martian independence, a complete pipe dream. Martian food production could only provide a small portion of its caloric requirements, and most of that came from pea proteins, which were used by the food printers. Despite the sheer volume of 2.5 billion mouths to feed, they could not catch up with the number, because Earth pumped more and more people into the population, in part to keep Mars dependent on the only planet in the solar system that could produce food in adequate volume. It helped that mankind had shed animal proteins over a century ago. Agriculture these days was as different from that of our ancestors as cars were to horses. Most food production concentrated on protein sources and then secondarily on spices, carbs and sugars. The best cooks in the system these days were food programmers, the coders who created new recipes with lines of code. The food printers did the rest. As the sun slipped below the horizon, Deimos hung low in the sky, itself about to set, while Phoebes had just begun her third trip around for the day. In the dying light of the always dim sun, the sky faded from blue to deep purple. Earth shone as just another star among many others in the sky. Low on the horizon, one particular star caught his eye. The Exodus, the largest spaceship ever constructed by humankind, so large it appeared as a bright and steady star even from Earth. From Mars, you couldn’t miss it. Akeyo looked at that portentous star with mixed feelings as he shifted the Tesla back into drive mode and turned her back onto the rim road where he could pick up the switchback home. Home for now, he thought. For he had just heard back from the Exodus Project. For the last 50 years, the massive spacecraft has been under construction. Nothing like this had ever been attempted. It was to be a generation ship, designed to travel to distant stars over a timeframe that required several human lifetimes. As advanced as humans had become, no one had successfully frozen a human and brought them back again. So without deep sleep hibernation, a generation ship was the only solution, until someone came up with faster-than-light capabilities or the ability to fold space. All good theories, but all as far away as ever. Exodus was being built just outside the asteroid belt, the source of all of the metal going into her construction. There the ores were extracted, smelted, and formed into whatever the ship’s design required. One vast improvement going into its design was the use of a new metal called dennite, named for Rebecca Denning, the woman who discovered the properties of this new ore found, so far, only in the asteroid belts. A metallurgist, Denning also developed the process by which this metal, 10 times stronger than steel and 20 times lighter, could be worked and formed. This reduction in weight, while at the same time providing improvements in structural integrity, proved integral to moving the Exodus Project forward. The ship now approached completion and selections were being made for the colonists and crew. Akeyo had applied a decade ago and had just received a notification of his acceptance if he passed all the physical requirements and stringent training. He was to report to the recruiting office in Muskville in 42 hours, where he would hop on a jumper to the Lunar Colonies. Many emotions jostled one another inside his chest as he descended down to Herschel’s floor — the excitement for the adventure, the fear of the unknown, the sorrow for loss, and the dread of what would no doubt prove to be a monotonous life aboard the massive interstellar spaceship which would never arrive at its destination in his lifetime. His role aboard the Exodus would be that of keeping plant stock alive, seeds viable, and training others to do the same. He would be classified as crew, as he could not produce an heir to carry the project forward. His job, while alive, was to make sure everything he knew was understood by those who would take his place. Pausing before he turned into the garage, Akeyo surveyed the station one last time. Tonight would be his last night here. In the morning he would be heading to Muskville and he would never see this place again. He might see Mars from the lunar surface, or while in transport to the Exodus, but his boots would never again tread this Martian soil, his planet, his home. With this evening’s blue sunset and the view of Herschel-AG2 half hidden in purple shadows, Akeyo pulled into the garage and went inside. His past made him what he was, a man born an Earthling, and raised on Martian soil. Now he faced the future, where he would be an interstellar explorer, a citizen of a city in space, hurtling toward an unknown, yet hopeful future. He said goodbye and closed the airlock. Lead photo by Angel Luciano on Unsplash

Exodus from Mars

Éxodo de Marte

Exode de Mars

मंगल से पलायन

火星からの脱出

Êxodo de Marte

Cuộc di cư từ sao Hỏa

离开火星

A BREAK FOR LIBERTY

THE PALACE OF MU TEL

A Princess of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . I ELUDE MY WATCH DOG I ELUDE MY WATCH DOG Sola stared into the brute’s wicked-looking eyes, muttered a word or two of command, pointed to me, and left the chamber. I could not but wonder what this ferocious-looking monstrosity might do when left alone in such close proximity to such a relatively tender morsel of meat; but my fears were groundless, as the beast, after surveying me intently for a moment, crossed the room to the only exit which led to the street, and lay down full length across the threshold. This was my first experience with a Martian watch dog, but it was destined not to be my last, for this fellow guarded me carefully during the time I remained a captive among these green men; twice saving my life, and never voluntarily being away from me a moment. While Sola was away I took occasion to examine more minutely the room in which I found myself captive. The mural painting depicted scenes of rare and wonderful beauty; mountains, rivers, lake, ocean, meadow, trees and flowers, winding roadways, sun-kissed gardens—scenes which might have portrayed earthly views but for the different colorings of the vegetation. The work had evidently been wrought by a master hand, so subtle the atmosphere, so perfect the technique; yet nowhere was there a representation of a living animal, either human or brute, by which I could guess at the likeness of these other and perhaps extinct denizens of Mars. While I was allowing my fancy to run riot in wild conjecture on the possible explanation of the strange anomalies which I had so far met with on Mars, Sola returned bearing both food and drink. These she placed on the floor beside me, and seating herself a short ways off regarded me intently. The food consisted of about a pound of some solid substance of the consistency of cheese and almost tasteless, while the liquid was apparently milk from some animal. It was not unpleasant to the taste, though slightly acid, and I learned in a short time to prize it very highly. It came, as I later discovered, not from an animal, as there is only one mammal on Mars and that one very rare indeed, but from a large plant which grows practically without water, but seems to distill its plentiful supply of milk from the products of the soil, the moisture of the air, and the rays of the sun. A single plant of this species will give eight or ten quarts of milk per day. After I had eaten I was greatly invigorated, but feeling the need of rest I stretched out upon the silks and was soon asleep. I must have slept several hours, as it was dark when I awoke, and I was very cold. I noticed that someone had thrown a fur over me, but it had become partially dislodged and in the darkness I could not see to replace it. Suddenly a hand reached out and pulled the fur over me, shortly afterwards adding another to my covering. I presumed that my watchful guardian was Sola, nor was I wrong. This girl alone, among all the green Martians with whom I came in contact, disclosed characteristics of sympathy, kindliness, and affection; her ministrations to my bodily wants were unfailing, and her solicitous care saved me from much suffering and many hardships. As I was to learn, the Martian nights are extremely cold, and as there is practically no twilight or dawn, the changes in temperature are sudden and most uncomfortable, as are the transitions from brilliant daylight to darkness. The nights are either brilliantly illumined or very dark, for if neither of the two moons of Mars happen to be in the sky almost total darkness results, since the lack of atmosphere, or, rather, the very thin atmosphere, fails to diffuse the starlight to any great extent; on the other hand, if both of the moons are in the heavens at night the surface of the ground is brightly illuminated. Both of Mars’ moons are vastly nearer her than is our moon to Earth; the nearer moon being but about five thousand miles distant, while the further is but little more than fourteen thousand miles away, against the nearly one-quarter million miles which separate us from our moon. The nearer moon of Mars makes a complete revolution around the planet in a little over seven and one-half hours, so that she may be seen hurtling through the sky like some huge meteor two or three times each night, revealing all her phases during each transit of the heavens. The further moon revolves about Mars in something over thirty and one-quarter hours, and with her sister satellite makes a nocturnal Martian scene one of splendid and weird grandeur. And it is well that nature has so graciously and abundantly lighted the Martian night, for the green men of Mars, being a nomadic race without high intellectual development, have but crude means for artificial lighting; depending principally upon torches, a kind of candle, and a peculiar oil lamp which generates a gas and burns without a wick. This last device produces an intensely brilliant far-reaching white light, but as the natural oil which it requires can only be obtained by mining in one of several widely separated and remote localities it is seldom used by these creatures whose only thought is for today, and whose hatred for manual labor has kept them in a semi-barbaric state for countless ages. After Sola had replenished my coverings I again slept, nor did I awaken until daylight. The other occupants of the room, five in number, were all females, and they were still sleeping, piled high with a motley array of silks and furs. Across the threshold lay stretched the sleepless guardian brute, just as I had last seen him on the preceding day; apparently he had not moved a muscle; his eyes were fairly glued upon me, and I fell to wondering just what might befall me should I endeavor to escape. I have ever been prone to seek adventure and to investigate and experiment where wiser men would have left well enough alone. It therefore now occurred to me that the surest way of learning the exact attitude of this beast toward me would be to attempt to leave the room. I felt fairly secure in my belief that I could escape him should he pursue me once I was outside the building, for I had begun to take great pride in my ability as a jumper. Furthermore, I could see from the shortness of his legs that the brute himself was no jumper and probably no runner. Slowly and carefully, therefore, I gained my feet, only to see that my watcher did the same; cautiously I advanced toward him, finding that by moving with a shuffling gait I could retain my balance as well as make reasonably rapid progress. As I neared the brute he backed cautiously away from me, and when I had reached the open he moved to one side to let me pass. He then fell in behind me and followed about ten paces in my rear as I made my way along the deserted street. Evidently his mission was to protect me only, I thought, but when we reached the edge of the city he suddenly sprang before me, uttering strange sounds and baring his ugly and ferocious tusks. Thinking to have some amusement at his expense, I rushed toward him, and when almost upon him sprang into the air, alighting far beyond him and away from the city. He wheeled instantly and charged me with the most appalling speed I had ever beheld. I had thought his short legs a bar to swiftness, but had he been coursing with greyhounds the latter would have appeared as though asleep on a door mat. As I was to learn, this is the fleetest animal on Mars, and owing to its intelligence, loyalty, and ferocity is used in hunting, in war, and as the protector of the Martian man. I quickly saw that I would have difficulty in escaping the fangs of the beast on a straightaway course, and so I met his charge by doubling in my tracks and leaping over him as he was almost upon me. This maneuver gave me a considerable advantage, and I was able to reach the city quite a bit ahead of him, and as he came tearing after me I jumped for a window about thirty feet from the ground in the face of one of the buildings overlooking the valley. Grasping the sill I pulled myself up to a sitting posture without looking into the building, and gazed down at the baffled animal beneath me. My exultation was short-lived, however, for scarcely had I gained a secure seat upon the sill than a huge hand grasped me by the neck from behind and dragged me violently into the room. Here I was thrown upon my back, and beheld standing over me a colossal ape-like creature, white and hairless except for an enormous shock of bristly hair upon its head. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Edgar Rice Burroughs (1993). A Princess of Mars. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62/pg62-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

I ELUDE MY WATCH DOG

How I Built a Houseplant Alerting System with ksqlDB on Apache Kafka

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A SEARCHING OF SCHOOLMASTERS

The Wheels of Chance by H. G. Wells, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE ENVOY XLI. THE ENVOY So the story ends, dear Reader. Mr. Hoopdriver, sprawling down there among the bracken, must sprawl without our prying, I think, or listening to what chances to his breathing. And of what came of it all, of the six years and afterwards, this is no place to tell. In truth, there is no telling it, for the years have still to run. But if you see how a mere counter-jumper, a cad on castors, and a fool to boot, may come to feel the little insufficiencies of life, and if he has to any extent won your sympathies, my end is attained. (If it is not attained, may Heaven forgive us both!) Nor will we follow this adventurous young lady of ours back to her home at Surbiton, to her new struggle against Widgery and Mrs. Milton combined. For, as she will presently hear, that devoted man has got his reward. For her, also, your sympathies are invited. The rest of this great holiday, too—five days there are left of it—is beyond the limits of our design. You see fitfully a slender figure in a dusty brown suit and heather mixture stockings, and brown shoes not intended to be cycled in, flitting Londonward through Hampshire and Berkshire and Surrey, going economically—for excellent reasons. Day by day he goes on, riding fitfully and for the most part through bye-roads, but getting a few miles to the north-eastward every day. He is a narrow-chested person, with a nose hot and tanned at the bridge with unwonted exposure, and brown, red-knuckled fists. A musing expression sits upon the face of this rider, you observe. Sometimes he whistles noiselessly to himself, sometimes he speaks aloud, “a juiced good try, anyhow!” you hear; and sometimes, and that too often for my liking, he looks irritable and hopeless. “I know,” he says, “I know. It's over and done. It isn't IN me. You ain't man enough, Hoopdriver. Look at yer silly hands!... Oh, my God!” and a gust of passion comes upon him and he rides furiously for a space. Sometimes again his face softens. “Anyhow, if I'm not to see her—she's going to lend me books,” he thinks, and gets such comfort as he can. Then again; “Books! What's books?” Once or twice triumphant memories of the earlier incidents nerve his face for a while. “I put the ky-bosh on HIS little game,” he remarks. “I DID that,” and one might even call him happy in these phases. And, by-the-bye, the machine, you notice, has been enamel-painted grey and carries a sonorous gong. This figure passes through Basingstoke and Bagshot, Staines, Hampton, and Richmond. At last, in Putney High Street, glowing with the warmth of an August sunset and with all the 'prentice boys busy shutting up shop, and the work girls going home, and the shop folks peeping abroad, and the white 'buses full of late clerks and city folk rumbling home to their dinners, we part from him. He is back. To-morrow, the early rising, the dusting, and drudgery, begin again—but with a difference, with wonderful memories and still more wonderful desires and ambitions replacing those discrepant dreams. He turns out of the High Street at the corner, dismounts with a sigh, and pushes his machine through the gates of the Antrobus stable yard, as the apprentice with the high collar holds them open. There are words of greeting. “South Coast,” you hear; and “splendid weather—splendid.” He sighs. “Yes—swapped him off for a couple of sovs. It's a juiced good machine.” The gate closes upon him with a slam, and he vanishes from our ken. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. G. Wells (2009). The Wheels of Chance. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1264/1264-h/1264-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org, located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

THE ENVOY

THE ABASEMENT OF MR. HOOPDRIVER

Astounding Stories of Super-Science February 1931: Phalanxes of Atlans - Chapter I

For decades, Windows users have been made fun of by the Linux community for the lack of a cool terminal (among other things). Well, it's about time we fight! In this article, we will go through setting up a development workflow in the Windows terminal. Prerequisites Know how to type Windows 10/11 (Some things may not work for you in this article if you are on some other version) (Optional) Know Basic Unix Commands such as , , etc cd mkdir What will we be doing We will set up the following: Powershell Nerd Fonts Theme Scoop z Directory Jumper Terminal Icons Node & Git Neovim Oh-My-Posh Autocomplete Aliases Utilities Well, then, let's get started! Things to remember during the article stands for your root or home directory, the default directory where the terminal will generally open. ~ If anything doesn't work even after installing/configuring just close and reopen the terminal. The command palette opens with . ctrl+shift+p Terminal settings open with ctrl+, Getting Started Powershell First of all, let's install Powershell, this is not Windows Powershell that comes with Windows. You will have to go to the Microsoft Store and search for it, it's free so don't worry. After you have done that open Terminal (not PowerShell or Command Prompt), you can search it up, it's pre-installed on your PC. Press to open settings, here we will set Powershell as our default, it would be Command Prompt in default if you haven’t changed it before. Ctrl+, In the startup menu, change the default profile to PowerShell and save, that's it! Nerd Fonts So, what are Nerd Fonts? Nerd fonts let you use font ligatures and more glyphs in general, it's something everyone should use while coding. You might actually be using it without knowing in your IDE/text editor. I used Fira Code for a long time before knowing it was a Nerd Font. To install a nerd font, first, go to the nerd-fonts and download the zip file of your preferred Nerd Font from the latest release. Extract the zip file and install the fonts. If you have never installed a font before, that’s fine, you can just double-click the files and click on install. GitHub Repo .ttf I use the JetBrains Mono NF and another of my favorites is Hack NF (NF stands for Nerd Fonts). Themes To change the theme of your terminal, open settings and click on "Open JSON file", this will open the file for your terminal. settings.json Now to change the theme you have three options: Choose a theme from the themes already present in the terminal by default Create your own theme from scratch or modify one already present. Use a pre-written theme I use a pre-written theme, you can find a lot of them and paste it into your settings.json under “schemes”. Save the file. here Now, go back to your Terminal settings (not settings.json) and choose the theme you just added. Terminal Tools Scoop Let's first install , a package manager for Windows. We will be then using scoop to install other tools. scoop To install scoop run the following in PowerShell: winget install scoop This will install scoop. If you are wondering what winget is, it is a package manager that comes by default in Windows 10/11. In case, you don't have winget do the following: iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex Now type and if it returns an output like the one below then all is good. scoop Usage: scoop <command> [<args>]

Some useful commands are:

alias       Manage scoop aliases
bucket      Manage Scoop buckets
cache       Show or clear the download cache
cat         Show content of specified manifest. If available, `bat` will be used to
            pretty-print the JSON.
checkup     Check for potential problems
cleanup     Cleanup apps by removing old versions
config      Get or set configuration values
create      Create a custom app manifest
depends     List dependencies for an app
download    Download apps in the cache folder and verify hashes
export      Exports (an importable) list of installed apps
help        Show help for a command
hold        Hold an app to disable updates
home        Opens the app homepage
info        Display information about an app
install     Install apps
list        List installed apps
prefix      Returns the path to the specified app
reset       Reset an app to resolve conflicts
search      Search available apps
shim        Manipulate Scoop shims
status      Show status and check for new app versions
unhold      Unhold an app to enable updates
uninstall   Uninstall an app
update      Update apps, or Scoop itself
virustotal  Look for app's hash on virustotal.com
which       Locate a shim/executable (similar to 'which' on Linux)

Type 'scoop help <command>' to get help for a specific command. If it doesn't return an output, just close and reopen the terminal, and it will work. This is the moment you stop using those installers, now you are a terminal guy. You can even install Mozilla Firefox, just do . scoop install firefox There is also which you can use as a package manager but we will stick with scoop for this article. choco/chocolatey z is a directory jumper. What is a directory jumper? Let's say you are in the directory , and you want to go to , the one way of doing this in your terminal would be this: z ~/Desktop/Development/NextJS/tutorial ~/SomewhereElse/Products/Product1/prod-website cd ../../../../

cd SomewhereElse/Products/Product1/prod-website This looks small but you don't always remember where all your projects are so add 4-5 more commands in there. This wastes our time, especially over a prolonged period. This is where a directory jumper comes in, with just a single command you can go from one project to another. Let's take the above example this time you just have to do this (assume you are in ): ~/Desktop/Development/NextJS/tutorial z prod-website That's it! You just should have visited the directory once in your lifetime (which you most probably will during the project setup). You don't even need to use the full name of your project directory, you can just do and you would jump to the most recent directory which has in its name somewhere (in this case, the prod-website). z prod prod One thing to note is, to try not to include spaces in your directory names that may make it hard for the directory jumper to find them. It's a good practice in general too to not include spaces in directory names. Now to install , just type in the following and hit enter, and there you go: z Install-Module -Name z -Force Huh? This is not scoop, is it? Yes, it is not, we are currently installing a PowerShell Module (you can install some modules using scoop or winget too) and thus, we are using the command that is builtin into PowerShell. Install-Module Try it out, if it doesn't work open a new Terminal tab (shortcut: ctrl+shift+t), and it should work now. Terminal Icons As the name suggests it adds icons for when you do . To install it do the following: ls Install-Module -Name Terminal-Icons This will install the module. To be able to use it globally, we need to add it to our PowerShell profile, which we will cover in this article later. Node & Git If you use Node.js install it but if you don’t there is no need to. To install Node, first, install which stands for Node Version Manager, it also lets you have multiple versions of node installed at the same time. nvm scoop install nvm This will install nvm. Now download the stable release of Node.js with: nvm install lts for the latest release do: nvm install latest you can even specify a certain version like this: nvm install 18.1.0 To list out the versions of node available use , the one with a denotes the one being used currently. To change the version do . nvm list * nvm use version_number Quick Tip: You can also install by doing , by using that you don’t have to close and reopen the terminal for admin commands. You can use it like, . sudo scoop install sudo sudo nvm use 18.1.0 Now for git just do either of the following: using scoop: scoop install git or using winget winget install git That's it! Neovim Neovim is a fork of Vim that is better for plugins and extensions. To install Neovim, type in the following and hit the enter key: scoop install neovim Also, install any other packages it asks you to. I don't recommend jumping into Neovim right ahead if you haven't seen it ever before in your life or don't know the common commands/keybindings. You can check out this of mine for learning a bit about it and how to set it up. article I will be using Neovim here for editing files, but it's alright you can just follow along with the steps in your preferred text editor or IDE too. Oh-My-Posh Now that all your terminal tools are all set up, let's start with customizing your prompt. First of all, to install it you can do either of the following: winget install oh-my-posh or scoop install https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/oh-my-posh.json Now, we will start messing with config files! First, let's create a config file for our PowerShell, we will be using this file to customize our prompt as well as to set aliases and utilities. The config file will be in the PowerShell script. You can create it anywhere but you will have to link it accordingly in your PowerShell profile. PowerShell profile is from where PowerShell will load its config, you can write your config there directly but we will write it in a separate file. Let's make ours in . ~/.config/powershell cd .config

mkdir powershell && cd powershell Again, you can name your file anything just make sure it will be the same in your PowerShell profile. Let's get started with the editing then, create a file in your preferred editor, I will be using Neovim here. user_profile.ps1 nvim user_profile.ps1 Now type in the following into your PowerShell config: oh-my-posh init pwsh --config ~/.config/powershell/avi.omp.json | Invoke-Expression Save it now. Here you can see "avi.omp.json" and you can name it anything like "your_name.omp.json" just make sure to replace it in the config. Now, you may ask me though, what even is that file? That file is the one that will contain our oh-my-posh configuration for the prompt. You can create your own custom prompt from scratch by looking at the , but there are a lot of awesome ones already there. I use one of them and just modified it a bit. You can check it out on their website and copy the config. Here's the one I am using: docs {
  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/main/themes
/schema.json",
  "blocks": [
    {
      "alignment": "left",
      "segments": [
        {
          "foreground": "#41A6B5",
          "style": "plain",
          "template": "@avi",
          "type": "session"
        },
        {
          "foreground": "#7AA2F7",
          "properties": {
            "folder_separator_icon": "/",
            "style": "full"
          },
          "style": "plain",
          "template": " \uf07b {{ .Path }} ",
          "type": "path"
        },
        {
          "foreground": "#BB9AF7",
          "powerline_symbol": "\ue0b0",
          "properties": {
            "fetch_stash_count": true,
            "fetch_upstream_icon": true
          },
          "style": "plain",
          "template": "{{ .UpstreamIcon }}{{ .HEAD }}{{ if gt .StashCount 0 }} \uf692
{{ .StashCount }}{{ end }} ",
          "type": "git"
        }
      ],
      "type": "prompt"
    },
    {
      "alignment": "left",
      "newline": true,
      "segments": [
        {
          "foreground": "#cd5e42",
          "style": "plain",
          "template": "\ue3bf ",
          "type": "root"
        },
        {
          "foreground": "#CD4277",
          "style": "plain",
          "template": "> ",
          "type": "text"
        }
      ],
      "type": "prompt"
    }
  ],
  "version": 2
} Next, open your powershell profile (you can do it by , do it from the home directory if you are not on Neovim, the file is located at ~/My Documents/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1), and type in the following: nvim $profile . $env:USERPROFILE\.config\powershell\user_profile.ps1 Save that. Close and reopen the terminal. Your prompt should load now. Awesome! Now, let's add autocomplete. Autocomplete PSReadline is a module of PowerShell that comes pre-installed which will help us out with the autocomplete. To configure it open your and add the following: user_profile.ps1 Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource History

Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionViewStyle ListView You can choose "HistoryAndPlugin" or "Plugin" too as PredictionSource. For PredictionViewStyle, the other option is InlineView, you can also switch between them by pressing the F2 key. I talked about adding Terminal Icons to the config before, you can do it by just adding the following line into your config: Import-Module Terminal-Icons Aliases Aliases can be useful in saving time. It's quite simple to set aliases, for example: Set-Alias g git The above will set the alias for as , but that will only make it the alias for this particular terminal session/tab not globally. To make it a global alias add the exact same command as above in your PowerShell config file. Now, g is the alias for git. Similarly, you can set other aliases. Here are a few of mine: git g Set-Alias v nvim
Set-Alias g git
Set-Alias y yarn
Set-Alias p pnpm
Set-Alias tig 'C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin\tig.exe'
Set-Alias explorer explorer.exe These are PowerShell aliases, you can also set up aliases for git to speed up your development process, I won't go into the detail of it here. There is another way to set aliases for commands like , . Here is an example of making an alias for : npm start yarn dev yd yarn dev function yarnDev {
  yarn dev
}

New-Alias yd yarnDev I don’t have experience with PowerShell script, so in the above, I can only explain that we create a function and add whatever we want to run when we call the function. After that, we set the alias to call the function as . yarnDev yd Similarly, you can set up other aliases for such commands. Utilities You can even make your own little commands by setting them in your PowerShell config. For example, command (used to create a file) which is not present in PowerShell, here is how you can add it: touch function touch ($command) {
    New-Item -Path $command -ItemType File | out-null && Write-Host Created $command
} What we are doing above is creating a function and letting it have a parameter. Then, in , we are using built-in PowerShell commands to create a file, you will have to research PowerShell commands to create more utilities on your own, the documentation is amazing, so it won’t be a problem. In the second half of the function, we are just telling it to output . touch New-Item -Path $command -ItemType File Created [file_name] Here is how you can add command from Linux: rm function rm ($command) {
    Remove-Item $command -Recurse && Write-Host Removed $command
} To use this just do and it will delete the file. rm [file_name/directory_name] It is not exactly the same as the command in Linux though. rm Other tools Here are some of the other CLI tools you can use: - Commitizen is used for defining a standard way of committing rules and communicating them in Git. It is designed for teams, but I also use it for my personal projects. Commitizen - gh is GitHub on the command line. It brings pull requests, issues, and other GitHub concepts to the terminal next to where you are already working with git and your code. gh CLI - An extension of gh cli to display a dashboard with pull requests and issues. gh-dash extension - You can use this to get prettier git diffs. dunk - Rich-cli is a command-line toolbox for fancy output in the terminal. Rich CLI WSL Setup Now, you might have already heard of WSL or might even be using it, nothing wrong with it if you are not. WSL stands for Windows Subsystem For Linux, it lets you have the Linux terminal on your windows machine. I will not be discussing WSL setup here but you can check out by @stephanlamoureux, it goes through setting up WSL quite nicely. "The Complete Windows Developer Setup Guide" Conclusion So, that's finished! You can find my config files on GitHub if you want, before copying anything go through the readme once, also do not copy anything you don’t know the meaning of. here If anyone wants to add something, correct me somewhere, or ask anything please feel free to do so in the comments. Resources for themes - or https://windowsterminalthemes.dev/ https://github.com/atomcorp/themes docs for PSReadline - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/psreadline/?view=powershell-7.2 video by devsalife on setting up powershell - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-aK2_WwrmM Documentation for all other tools has been linked with their introductions in the article Also published . here

Setting up a Development Workflow in the Windows Terminal

Vim, one of the oldest contestants in the text editor war, ever since its release in 1991. It has been a friend to many and a foe to many, wanna find out what it will be for you? Then, let's try it out! I have been using Vim for about a month and a half now, and I have been loving it (the first week was a bit painful though). In this article, I'll be discussing why to use Vim, how to set it up, and some basics of Vim. Why Use Vim? Now, don't fight with me, I am not comparing Vim with any other text editor. I am just telling you what Vim has to offer: - It means you have full control, some people even make it look like vscode (I personally like to keep it minimal though) Fully customizable - Well, in the beginning, your productivity would decline but as you start getting used to Vim and its keybindings, it will increase for sure Productivity (you can use a mouse though if you set the preference) - This may or may not be a good thing for you Keyboard-driven Looks cool Neovim Don't freak out if you haven't heard of Neovim, it's nothing scary. Neovim is just an implementation of Vim but more focused on extensions and plugins, a bit less customizable than Vim. Often people don't say they use Neovim, they just call it Vim. It really doesn't make much of a difference, just that Neovim has more support for plugins. Also, the default keybindings and commands for both are the same, so, if you learn Neovim keybindings you can as well use Vim. Installation Mac & Linux For Mac & Linux machines, do either of the following depending on your package manager: sudo apt install neovim or brew install neovim Vim (not Neovim) is installed by default on most Linux machines. You can run it by typing or . vi vim Just in case, you opened it right now without knowing the keybindings and are now freaking out, just type and press enter to exit. :q! Windows For Windows users, you have two options: You can use wsl (Windows Subsystem for Linux) and follow the same steps as for Linux systems. I won't go into details about installing wsl here. Use Powershell (not Windows Powershell), you can download it from the Microsoft store, and install Neovim using scoop (A package manager for windows): To install scoop, type the following into your terminal: winget install scoop winget is another package manager that comes pre-installed in windows nowadays. scoop install neovim If it tells you to install additional , do it too. buckets Close and reopen your terminal and you can open Neovim by typing . nvim Just in case, you opened it right now without knowing the keybindings and are now freaking out, just type and press enter to exit. :q! First Look This is how it looks right now: Right now that doesn't look very good, does it? Let's configure it! Configuration Now, there are many good pre-configured neovim setups out there like and , but I advise you to first at least try out your own configuration. I personally don't use the pre-configured ones, I prefer to use my own configuration. NvChad AstroNvim You will have to create a configuration file for neovim first. For Linux & Mac Users, the config file should be created at . ~/.config/nvim For Windows Users, the config file should be created at . ~/AppData/Local/nvim (In the above represents the home directory) ~ Open your terminal in your respective directories. Create the file, its name shall be . In this file, we will be using vimscript to write our configuration. init.vim : You can also use instead of , more about that towards the end, in this article I will be following with . Quick note init.lua init.vim init.vim Now, we are going to configure Neovim using Neovim (sounded pretty weird to me the first time). Basic Rules Go to the directory mentioned above inside your terminal, and type and press enter. nvim init.vim : If you just type without mentioning any file, it will open up something like a welcome page. If you type and does not already exist, Neovim will open it and if you save it the file will be created. The same rules apply to Vim too. Quick note nvim nvim file.md file.md Now, no need to click anything, forget you have a mouse, once that intimidating text editor is open in front of you, just press (no shift key, no ctrl key, just plain simple little ), this lets you enter insert mode. Now, you can edit your file normally. To exit insert mode or rather any mode in Vim in general, press the escape or ESC key, this doesn't exit the editor just returns you to normal mode (the default mode). i i You can also use arrow keys to navigate the file for now. : when in normal mode, to move left press 'h', to move right press 'l', to move up press 'k', and to move down press 'j'. Quick Note Before jumping on to plugins let's set up some basic rules/settings: set number                 " Sets line numbers
set autoindent             " Sets auto indentation
set tabstop=2              " Sets tabstop
set shiftwidth=2           " For proper indentation
set smarttab               " Affects how tab key presses are interpreted
set softtabstop=2          " Control how many columns Vim uses when you hit tab key
set mouse=a                " This lets you use your mouse
set wrap                   " Sets up line wrapping : If you don't understand what a certain setting does, just open Vim and in normal mode type, , for example for shiftwidth, do . Quick tip :help <property_name> :help shiftwidth Next, press the ESC key to exit insert mode. Now type (no need for clicking anywhere or pressing all those ctrl & shift keys) and press enter, this will write to the file (basically, it will save the file) and then exits the editor. :wq If you use just type , it just writes to the file, it doesn't exit the editor. :w If you use just type , it exits the editor, but it won't let you do that if you have unsaved changes, in that case, do , this will revert all unsaved changes and exit the editor forcefully. :q :q! If you want a property I haven't mentioned here, just search it up, I am sure you will find it. Let's set up the plugins now! Setting Up Plugins Now, there are a bunch of plugin managers (Vim/Neovim requires plugin managers to install plugins) out there but for this tutorial, we will stick with . vim-plug For Unix/Linux, you can install vim-plug with: sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
       https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim' For Windows(Powershell), you can install vim-plug with: iwr -useb https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim |`
    ni "$(@($env:XDG_DATA_HOME, $env:LOCALAPPDATA)[$null -eq $env:XDG_DATA_HOME])/nvim-data/site/autoload/plug.vim" -Force Check out their install for more. instructions Now open in neovim again, and navigate to the end of the file, you can also use arrow keys, don't press this time, press , this will make a new line and enter you to insert mode. init.vim i o Now type in the following (after the basic rules): call plug#begin()

" Your plugins go here

call plug#end() : You can use to write single-line comments in vimscript. For example . Quick note " " This is a comment All our plugins will go in between the and . call plug#begin call plug#end Here are some of the plugins I use: - I will elaborate a bit more on this later coc.nvim - a plugin to let you show that you are using Vim on Discord presence.nvim - a light and configurable statusline/tabline plugin for Vim lightline.vim - a tree explorer plugin for vim, more about this later nerdtree - a plugin to show git status in nerdtree nerdtree-git-plugin - a plugin to show icons for your files vim-devicons - completes your parentheses, brackets and quotes auto-pairs - If you have GitHub Copilot, then you can use it with this plugin copilot.vim You can list your plugins like this: call plug#begin

Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
Plug 'andweeb/presence.nvim'
Plug 'itchyny/lightline.vim'
Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons'
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree' |
           \ Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
Plug 'copilot.vim'

call plug#end : Always remember, before you install a plugin, do check out its docs before installing, because sometimes they may have special instructions on the setup for a plugin. Quick note Once it's done, save the file and exit Neovim (remember, use and press enter). Reopen Neovim. To install these plugins, type in normal mode and press enter. This will open another pane and start installing all the plugins, once it's done. Close the pane ( ), then close init.vim too. This exits Neovim, now, re-enter and all the plugins will start to work. :wq :PlugInstall :q : to move between panes, press ctrl+w, and then to move to the left pane and to move to the right pane Quick Tip h l & LSP coc.nvim What is LSP? Well, LSP (Language Service Provider) is the thing that gives you language support (language support in an editor means it points out your mistakes and offers suggestions while coding for a specific language). It is also built-in neovim since version 0.5. We won't be configuring the native LSP here, instead, we will use . coc.nvim What is coc.nvim ? is an ecosystem that builds beyond the native LSP, meaning you don't have to configure anything. It brings autocomplete suggestions and some other stuff. It's recommended for beginners as there is not much setup. We already installed earlier as a plugin. coc.nvim coc.nvim Well, with that out of the way, we can install the support of coc for our used languages. For example, if you want to install the support for python, just do . Most languages will have their support as coc-[language-name] but just to be sure you should just google it, you will easily find it. :CocInstall coc-python Keybindings Now, take a moment and feel proud, you have conquered a bit of the fear of vim. In vim/neovim, you can set up your own keybindings apart from the ones already there. For example, let's say I want to set up a keybinding for closing a file in Neovim. So, in general, I would have to type . :q To do that at the end of your file (after the ) add the following: init.vim call plug#end nnoremap <C-q> :q<CR> What does this mean? is a declaration that you are setting a keybinding, so you will have to put that before declaring any keybindings. nnoremap Here, in , the "C-" stands for the ctrl key, followed by whatever key you want to use in combination with it. For example, means ctrl+q and means ctrl+k. <C-q> <C-q> <C-k> In between, & is the command for which this key mapping is. <C-q> <CR> represents the enter key. So, means you have to press ctrl+q and it will be the same as typing and then pressing enter. <CR> nnoremap <C-q> :q<CR> :q Since, we installed plugins, like nerdtree, they brought their own commands for us, for example, now you have access to and . :NERDTreeToggle :CocInstall So here are some keybindings you can set up for nerdtree: nnoremap <leader>n :NERDTreeFocus<CR>
nnoremap <C-n> :NERDTree<CR>
nnoremap <C-t> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
nnoremap <C-f> :NERDTreeFind<CR> This keybinding is from their readme on their GitHub repo, but you are free to change it, you can make <C-n> to <C-e> if you prefer, whatever suits you. Just keep in my mind, not to have conflicting keybindings. You must be wondering though, what is that over there. That stands for , so is means you have to type and it will run command. <leader> \ nnoremap <leader>n :NERDTreeFocus<CR> :NERDTreeFocus NERDTree After setting up the keybindings for nerdtree, you can press, ctrl+t to open it up, you can navigate it just like you would a file with arrow key or [h, j, k, l] keys. To delete or rename a file, press , and it will open up a menu listing out how to do it. To create a file, navigate to the node you want it to be in, and then press to open up the menu. m m That about wraps it up. Themes You can install Themes the same way you did with plugins. You can search about the themes, there are many out there. I personally don't use any theme because my terminal's theme is good enough for me. Don't worry, I have listed some resources for you to find a good theme at the end of this article. Lua & Vimscript Earlier, I stated that you could have put your config in too. Many people prefer to use Lua because it's more logical than Vimscript. init.lua If you wish to convert your to , you can check out this by Olivier Roques. init.vim init.lua article Final look If you have followed everything in this article, your should look something like this now: init.vim " Basic Rules

set number
set autoindent
set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set smarttab
set softtabstop=2
set mouse=a
set encoding=UTF-8
set wrap


" Plugins

call plug#begin

Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
Plug 'andweeb/presence.nvim'
Plug 'itchyny/lightline.vim'
Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons'
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree' |
           \ Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
Plug 'copilot.vim'

call plug#end


" Keymaps

nnoremap <leader>n :NERDTreeFocus<CR>
nnoremap <C-n> :NERDTree<CR>
nnoremap <C-t> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
nnoremap <C-f> :NERDTreeFind<CR> This is how it looks now: Take a deep breath, and feel a sense of accomplishment, you are done. Now, go ahead experiment with it and make Vim your own. Common Commands in Vim - Save file :w - Close file :q - Force close file and revert unsaved changes :q! - Save and close the file :wq ESC key - Go back from any mode to normal mode i - Enter insert mode o - Next line and insert mode s - delete a character and insert dd - delete line Here is a from devhints. You can check it out for more commands. vim cheat sheet Some Tips Do not give up on Vim, at least try it for a week or two before deciding to throw it away. I know it's pretty annoying at first but a lot of people end up loving it after using it. Do not close Vim, don't exit the terminal without quitting Vim, can corrupt files sometimes Do not use ctrl+z, freezes my Vim for some reason You can use shell commands by prefixing things with ! Windows may not have some features that Linux will offer but you can install wsl. Increase your typing speed, it will help you out in general too. Use aliases for speeding up your development process. Practice. That's the best way to get used to Vim. Some Useful Tools Use a directory jumper, so you don't have to keep ing all the time. I use cd z You can use a terminal multiplexer for Linux and Mac devices. tmux is a famous one and the only one I know. Never heard of terminal multiplexers on Powershell though More Resources - A collection of wonderful neovim plugins & themes for you to try awesome-neovim - A wonderful community if you have any questions regarding Vim r/vim - Similar to r/vim r/neovim - The official documentation for Neovim neovim docs - The documentation for Vim vim docs - It lets you have more glyphs and font ligatures nerd fonts If someone wants to point out something that I missed or any other resource or just has doubts about something I wasn't able to explain properly, please comment down below. Hope you liked it! Also published . here

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It is fairly common to find in online shopping pages, advertising like this: “Industrial control board compatible with FX1N, FX2N, FX3U and programmable with GX software”. The price is attractive, however, the documentation is non-existent, and there is no mention of how to program it with other tools like Arduino in other operating systems different from Windows. This article will introduce a few key concepts to help solve this problem. Key component: Industrial control board compatible with FX1N Attack of the clones These boards mention compatibility with GX software, which is manufactured by a At first sight, the compatibility is not official, as no trademark is printed. Their origin is unknown, maybe they were simplified copies based on original schematics and source code, or somehow the native binary format of the PLC was reverse engineered and an Most of the cards are based on STM32 microcontrollers, and according to some articles and videos, Japanese company that makes PLC and also cars. interpreter was built and runs in the microcontroller translating the code. the original programming software actually recognizes them as an original PLC! Due to their low cost (around $25 USD), and for their relay isolated outputs, optically isolated inputs, RS232 serial port and regulated power supply, are great candidates for small projects as long as they can be programmed with a free multi-platform tool like Arduino or STM suite. In addition, a schematic diagram is needed to find out which I/O of the microcontroller goes to which peripheral in the board! Bill of materials COMPONENT DATASHEET - Industrial control board compatible with FX1N buy link 24 V 15 W DIN rail mount power supply USB to RS232 converter r DB9 solderless terminal connecto 30 AWG UL1423 type PVDF wire r Dupont cable jumpe Pinout for industrial control boards - repository Industrial control boards based on STM32 - stm32-industrial-control-boards OPTIONAL COMPONENT DATASHEET Magnifying double eye for jewelry USB digital microscope camera - Digital multimeter powered by AA batteries buy link Reprograming The aforementioned board, sports a STM32F103 microcontroller, so instinctively a footprint for a SWD programming header should be looked for. After following the tracks of this header, one pin was found connected to 3.3 V, another one to GND, but the other two pins were not connected to SWD pins on the microcontroller but to PC10 and PC11 pins. Starting the search from the microcontroller, there are no tracks from SWD or USB pins, so the only alternative available for reprogramming is through UART1 using the bootloader stored in ROM Following the tracks leaving from the DB9 connector, they end in an unmarked chip, however, due to the nearby capacitors it is probably a MAX232 or equivalent. Following the tracks leaving from this chip they end in PA9 and PA10 pins of the microcontroller which are the UART1 pins. Luckily in this board, the resistor which is connected to the BOOT0 pin is clearly marked on the silkscreen. To start in bootloader mode, a male header was soldered to the 3.3 V pad, and using a Dupont wire jumper, a temporary connection between BOOT0 and 3.3 V is made while the board is powered up Once the bootloader was running, was launched and communication with the microcontroller was verified. The chip was in read protect mode, so no way to backup the firmware to reverse the board to its original state. All FLASH memory has been erased. STM32CubeProg Using Arduino IDE, it was proceeded to the installation and to make a small test application that sends data through the serial port to the PC. The app was downloaded and the incoming data verified. Now the adventure starts! STM32duino core Identifying I/O pins Because of the lack of a schematic diagram, or marks in the silkscreen showing which microcontroller I/O pins goes to which peripheral, this work must be done manually, with a lot of patience to follow the tracks. Fortunately the board has only 2 layers, so it is possible to start with only a double-eye magnifier for jewelry and a multimeter. LED and switch The board has two LED indicators, one labeled as RUN an the other labeled as ERR. Additionally, there is a switch that was used by the old PLC firmware to stop program execution. Due to these peripherals have a few elements between them and the microcontroller, they are very easy to start with. The pins were found mapped as follows: ELEMENT PIN LED RUN PB12 LED ERR PB13 RUN/STOP SWITCH PC9 Digital inputs Digital inputs were relatively easy to find, because the tracks leaving the optocuplers went directly to the microcontroller. Only a few ones were tricky because they jumped to the opposite layer or traveled under a big component. The pins were found mapped as follows: ELEMENT PIN X0 PA0 X1 PA1 X2 PB9 X3 PA6 X4 PA7 X5 PB5 X6 PB4 X7 PD2 Digital outputs The digital outputs took the most effort, because the tracks went first to an UL2003 chip, and from there to each relay, traveling under components or jumping to the opposite layer. Multimeter was crucial to follow the tracks. The pins were found mapped as follows: ELEMENT PIN Y0 PB8 Y1 PB1 Y2 PB10 Y3 PB0 Y4 PC5 Y5 PC4 Analog inputs The analog inputs were relatively easy to find, because they are only 3 and they are connected only to a voltage resistor divider (15 K/30 K) between them and the microcontroller. The pins were found mapped as follows: ELEMENT PIN AD1 PC1 AD2 PC2 AD3 PC0 Final touches At this point, all peripherals are mapped to the microcontroller I/O pins, however, whenever the board needs to be reprogrammed, BOOT0 needs to be set to 3.3 V using a temporal wire jumper, which implies opening the enclosure. A quick fix will be to connect a wire from the BOOT0 pin to the RUN/STOP switch used by the old PLC firmware, in this way the ROM bootloader could be initiated externally without opening the case for reprogramming Summarizing At this stage, you have a low cost board with enough peripherals for small experiments without requiring additional hardware and can be programmed using Arduino IDE or STM suite. To replicate this experiment with a different board (as long as the CPU has been identified) follow the steps below: Look for SWD header footprint on the PCB (4 pads) and follow the tracks to the microcontroller to make sure the pins are the right ones. If the previous step fails, follow the tracks from the UART1 pins of the microcontroller and add the additional hardware (level converter, connectors) for PC communication Look for BOOT0 pin, it is usually connected to the ground through a resistor, it will serve as a “test point” Using STM32CubeProg erase the microcontroller FLASH memory, If UART1 was used as a connection means, the ROM bootloader must be launched, setting BOOT0 to 3.3 V while powering on the board. Using the Arduino IDE or the STM suite, make a little test application, which sends characters to the serial port, to know if the board could be programmed Follow the tracks from the peripherals to the microcontroller, to make the I/O pin mapping Make a wire connection from BOOT0 to the RUN/STOP switch to easily program the board Possible improvements Create a skeleton application as a boiler plate for each program for the board, this application should have some kind of mechanism that checks the condition of the RUN/STOP switch to decide whether to go to ROM bootloader or start executing the program stored in the FLASH, This eliminates the need for an electrical connection between BOOT0 and the switch. Another option, if a skeleton app is not desired, is to make a bootloader stored in the FLASH that uses UART1 for communication, similar to the one stored in ROM, but this one checks the condition of the RUN/STOP switch to decide whether to download a new program or executing the program stored in the FLASH

Repurposing a PLC Clone for Use with Arduino

1811 Dictionary in the Vulgar Tongue, by Francis Grose is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here: [ ]. Section J LINK TO TABLE OF LINK Section J JABBER. To talk thick and fast, as great praters usually do, to chatter like a magpye; also to speak a foreign language. He jabbered to me in his damned outlandish parlez vous, but I could not understand him; he chattered to me in French, or some other foreign language, but I could not understand him. JACK. A farthing, a small bowl serving as the mark for bowlers. An instrument for pulling off boots. JACK ADAMS. A fool. Jack Adams's parish; Clerkenwell. JACK AT A PINCH, A poor hackney parson. JACK IN A BOX, A sharper, or cheat. A child in the mother's womb. JACK IN AN OFFICE, An insolent fellow in authority. JACK KETCH. The hangman; vide DERRICK and KETCH. JACK NASTY FACE. A sea term, signifying a common sailor. JACK OF LEGS. A tall long-legged man; also a giant, said to be buried in Weston church, near Baldock, in Hertfordshire, where there are two stones fourteen feet distant, said to be the head and feet stones of his grave. This giant, says Salmon, as fame goes, lived in a wood here, and was a great robber, but a generous one; for he plundered the rich to feed the poor: he frequently took bread for this purpose from the Baldock bakers, who catching him at an advantage, put out his eyes, and afterwards hanged him upon a knoll in Baldock field. At his death he made one request, which was, that he might have his bow and arrow put into his hand, and on shooting it off, where the arrow fell, they would bury him; which being granted, the arrow fell in Weston churchyard. Above seventy years ago, a very large thigh bone was taken out of the church chest, where it had lain many years for a show, and was sold by the clerk to Sir John Tradescant, who, it is said, put it among the rarities of Oxford. JACK PUDDING. The merry andrew, zany, or jester to a mountebank. JACK ROBINSON. Before one could say Jack Robinson; a saying to express a very short time, originating from a very volatile gentleman of that appellation, who would call on his neighbours, and be gone before his name could be announced. JACK SPRAT. A dwarf, or diminutive fellow. JACK TAR. A sailor. JACK WEIGHT. A fat man. JACK WHORE. A large masculine overgrown wench. JACKANAPES. An ape; a pert, ugly, little fellow. JACKED. Spavined. A jacked horse. JACKMEN. See JARKMEN. JACKEY. Gin. JACOB. A soft fellow. A fool. JACOB. A ladder: perhaps from Jacob's dream. CANT. Also the common name for a jay, jays being usually taught to say, Poor Jacob! a cup of sack for Jacob. JACOBITES. Sham or collar shirts. Also partizans for the Stuart family: from the name of the abdicated king, i.e. James or Jacobus. It is said by the whigs, that God changed Jacob's name to Israel, lest the descendants of that patriarch should be called Jacobites. JADE. A term of reproach to women. JAGUE. A ditch: perhaps from jakes. JAIL BIRDS. Prisoners. JAKES. A house of office, a cacatorium. JAMMED. Hanged. CANT. JANIZARIES. The mob, sometimes so called; also bailiffs, their setters, and followers. JAPANNED. Ordained. To be japanned; to enter into holy orders, to become a clergyman, to put on the black cloth: from the colour of the japan ware, which is black. JARK. A seal. JARKMEN. Those, who fabricate counterfeit passes, licences, and certificates for beggars. JARVIS. A hackney coachman. JASON'S FLEECE. A citizen cheated of his gold. JAW. Speech, discourse. Give us none of your jaw; let us have none of your discourse. A jaw-me-dead; a talkative fellow. Jaw work; a cry used in fairs by the sellers of nuts. JAZEY. A bob wig. IDEA POT. The knowledge box, the head. See KNOWLEDGE BOX. JEFFY. It will be done in a jeffy; it will be done in a short space of time, in an instant. JEHU. To drive jehu-like; to drive furiously: from a king of Israel of that name, who was a famous charioteer, and mentioned as such in the Bible. JEM. A gold ring. CANT. JEMMY FELLOW. A smart spruce fellow. JEMMY. A crow. This instrument is much used by housebreakers. Sometimes called Jemmy Rook. JENNY. An instrument for lifting up the grate or top of a show-glass, in order to rob it. CANT. JERRYCUMMUMBLE. To shake, towzle, or tumble about. JERRY SNEAK. A henpecked husband: from a celebrated character in one of Mr. Foote's plays, representing a man governed by his wife. JESSAMY. A smart jemmy fellow, a fopling. JESIUT. See TO BOX THE JESUIT. JESUITICAL. Sly, evasive, equivocal. A jesuitical answer; an equivocal answer. JET. A lawyer. Autem jet; a parson. JEW. An over-reaching dealer, or hard, sharp fellow; an extortioner: the brokers formerly behind St. Clement's church in the Strand were called Jews by their brethren the taylors. JEW. A tradesman who has no faith, i.e. will not give credit. JEW BAIL. Insufficient bail: commonly Jews, who for a sum of money will bail any action whatsoever, and justify, that is, swear to their sufficiency; but, when called on, are not to be found. JEW'S EYE. That's worth a Jew's eye; a pleasant or agreeable sight: a saying taken from Shakespeare. JIBBER THE KIBBER. A method of deceiving seamen, by fixing a candle and lanthorn round the neck of a horse, one of whose fore feet is tied up; this at night has the appearance of a ship's light. Ships bearing towards it, run on shore, and being wrecked, are plundered by the inhabitants. This diabolical device is, it is said, practised by the inhabitants of our western coasts. JIG. A trick. A pleasant jig; a witty arch trick. Also a lock or door. The feather-bed jig; copulation. JIGGER. A whipping-post. CANT. JILT. A tricking woman, who encourages the addresses of a man whom she means to deceive and abandon. JILTED. Rejected by a woman who has encouraged one's advances. JINGLE BOXES. Leathern jacks tipped with silver, and hung with bells, formerly in use among fuddle caps. CANT. JINGLE BRAINS. A wild, thoughtless, rattling fellow. JINGLERS. Horse cosers, frequenting country fairs. JUG. See DOUBLE JUG. JUGGLER'S BOX. The engine for burning culprits in the hand. CANT. JUKRUM. A licence. JUMBLEGUT LANE. A rough road or lane. JUMP. The jump, or dining-room jump; a species of robbery effected by ascending a ladder placed by a sham lamp-lighter, against the house intended to be robbed. It is so called, because, should the lamp-lighter be put to flight, the thief who ascended the ladder has no means of escaping but that of jumping down. JUMPERS. Persons who rob houses by getting in at the windows. Also a set of Methodists established in South Wales. JUNIPER LECTURE. A round scolding bout. JURY LEG. A wooden leg: allusion to a jury mast, which is a temporary substitute for a mast carried away by a storm, or any other accident. SEA PHRASE. JURY MAST. A JOURNIERE mast; i.e. a mast for the day or occasion. JUST-ASS. A punning appellation for a justice. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from Grose, Francis. 2004. 1881 Dictionary in the Vulgar Tongue. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5402/pg5402.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

1811 Dictionary in the Vulgar Tongue: Section J

An module is a low-cost device based on ESP32-S module, an image sensor and Micro SD slot. The module is not designed for low energy consumption; however, after some tweaks, the power consumption can be lowered to a level that is usable for short periods of time, powered by solar energy. The project presented here is a reasonably robust, dust-resistant and waterproof experimentation platform using commercial off-the-shelf components. Ideal for outdoor usage. ESP32-CAM OV2640 Key component: ESP 32 CAM Lowering power consumption ESP32-CAM wasn’t designed to be a low-power device. Without modifications, deep sleep current measured was 2.8 mA, it leaves much to be desired. Some already ventured in the following modifications: people on the internet Removed 5 V to 3 V voltage regulator, the camera will be powered directly from a 3.2 V LiFePO4 battery. Break trace that powers the camera from 3.3 V and wire to that switches on 2.8 V and 1.2 V voltage regulators. MOSFET Q2 Remove onboard led and wire GPIO33 to 5 V pin (this pin is already isolated after regulator removal) to use it externally. These modifications lowered deep sleep current to 0.8 mA, which is scandalous for a low-power device, however, is a substantial advance from the 2.8 mA without modifications. Bill of materials Component Datasheet ESP32-CAM esp-32-cam.pdf Waterproof case for SJ4000 sport cam sj-4000-sport-cam-waterproof-case.pdf BQ25504 energy harvesting module bq25504-energy-harvesting-module.pdf 39.5x39.5 mm solar panel solar-panel-39-5x39-5.pdf 30x25 mm solar panel solar-panel-30x25.pdf 53x18 mm solar panel solar-panel-53x18.pdf 3.2V AAA 10440 LiFePO4 Battery lifepo4-3-2v-10440-rechargeable-battery-aaa.pdf Micro SD Card micro-sd-card.pdf 1N5817 Diode Schottky 1n5817.pdf Single AAA battery clip for PCB bh-411.pdf SMD 0603 resistor kit 4250-pcs-0603-smd-resistor-kit.pdf 2.54 mm female header FHA3-S1XX.pdf 2.54 mm male header PHA1-S3XX.pdf 2 pin jumper pin-header-jumper-block.pdf High temperature 30 AWG UL1423 PVDF wire UL1423.pdf Enamelled copper wire repair-copper-enamelled-wire.pdf High temperature Polyimide insulation tape high-temperature-polyimide-insulation-tape.pdf Printed Circuit Board Buy link Source files repository ESP32-CAM prototyping board for sport cam enclosure buy it esp32cam-proto-sportcam Software repository Sample Firmware takes photos and send them to a server using HTTP POST download it Sample Golang server for image upload via HTTP POST download it Optional component Datasheet USB to TTL 3.3 V 5 V interface usb-ttl-converter-3-3v-5v.pdf Digital LCD Lux meter digital-lcd-lux-meter.pdf Assembly The basic platform consists of a waterproof enclosure for sport cam and a printed circuit board with the appropriate size to fit inside. The proposed enclosure is pretty common, easy to find and inexpensive. Opens and closes without screws and has a mounting point where different mounting accessories can be installed. The printed circuit board was designed to place ESP32-CAM near the window where the camera lens was to be located. The module can be positioned in two different orientations to maximize area, depending on the selected components. AAA battery clip added, female connectors to plug/unplug module easily and header pins for programming because the board does not have such circuitry. Also, a red LED for debugging purposes was added. Energy harvester The camera gets its energy from solar panels installed inside the enclosure, which means that the area available is small, so a way to maximize its efficiency is needed. A harvesting module based on chip was used. This device boosts solar panel voltage and is able to do that with voltages down to 130 mV!, is therefore able to supply current for storage in the battery, even without direct light hitting the panel. BQ25504 The module also works as a battery charger with over voltage and under voltage protection. In order to , some resistors must be modified. The module’s manufacturer provides a to make the process easier. set voltage values spreadsheet Because the enclosure is transparent, it is possible to put a few solar panels in various places inside, and wire them in parallel or series. Maybe some will be required to not lose a lot of efficiency when some panels are shaded. diodes Another important function of the energy harvesting module is the ability to output a VOLTAGE OK SIGNAL, so the MCU could be kept in reset state when the battery voltage is too low to operate. Energy budget Warning: Some data and procedures will be simplified to yield simpler and faster results! ESP32 draws about 200 mA at 3.3 V to send data over Wi-Fi, which is equivalent to 0.66 W. A 40x40 mm solar panel that fits inside the aforementioned enclosure yields around 65 mA at 2 V at full sun, which is equivalent to 0.13 W. With this data, it is clear that it is not possible to use ESP32 sending data over Wi-Fi continuously with that panel, even in full sunlight. To deal with this problem, two things are needed: a storage element, and the use of the ESP32 module in non-continuous (duty cycled) mode. The module in deep sleep mode draws about 0.88 mA at 3.3 V, which is equivalent to 0.003 W. Assuming 12 hours of daylight, it will take an average of 0.006 W average per day, just to keep the module energized up in sleep mode. If the pair panel/harvester can yield an average of 4.6% of the maximum power of the solar panel at full sun, it is enough to keep energized the ESP32 in deep sleep mode for a very long time (until battery degradation!). Assuming 100.000 Lux as a full sun and 100% of the 40x40 mm solar panel power as 0.13 W, it is estimated that the average irradiance required per day to keep the ESP32 energized in deep sleep is around 4600 Lux. How much energy is required to take a picture and upload it over the internet? After waking up from a deep sleep, it takes about 4 seconds for the ESP32 to take a picture, store it in the SD card, and bring it online. The average power consumption of these 4 seconds is 200 mA at 3.3 V. The current to be accumulated for 12 hours to is: ESP 32 Cycle: 200 mA x 4 S It is needed: ? mA x 12 H ? ma x 12 (3600) S ? ma x 43200 S (Approximating to 40000 to make calculations easier) factor = 4 S / 40000 S = 0.0001 200 mA * 0.0001 = 10 uA It is required an average of 10 uA for 12 hours to take a picture and send it to a server, which is perfectly feasible in the outdoors, even on cloudy days. Finding the relation between Lux and output power of the 40x40 mm and 0.13 W solar panel. 100.000 Lux => 0.13 W 0.77 Lux => 1 uW 10uA * 3.3V = 33 uW (0.77 Lux /uW ) 33 uW = 25.4 Lux (Approximating to 26 Lux) It will take an average of 26 Lux per day to take a photo and send it over Wi-Fi. In short, to take at least one photo a day and send it over Wi-Fi, it will take a daily average of 4600 Lux + 26 Lux = 4626 Lux. For two pictures a day it will take a daily average of 4652 Lux, and so on. If a smaller panel is used, such as the 30x25 mm in the front of the camera, whose power is about a quarter of that installed on the back, the irradiance should be 4 times stronger. To use the camera with such a small panel, a lot of light is required, especially direct light. Firmware and Software Permalink The firmware released here does the following things: take a picture and store in the Micro SD card, then send it over Wi-Fi to a server doing a multipart HTTP POST request and then, enters deep sleep for X amount of seconds before starting the cycle again. The code could serve as a starting point in the creation of a more robust application adapted to individual needs. On the server side, there is a small app written in Golang, which listens HTTP POST requests and receives the images sent by the ESP32-CAM and stores them in a local folder. This app should run on a PC, or a Raspberry Pi in the same LAN of the ESP32-CAM. Due to being a basic starter example, there is no authentication method developed, so it is not recommended for deploying in a public server in the internet. To program the module, a USB to TTL serial converter is needed, because the module hasn’t an onboard chip for that task. In addition, GPIO0 should be tied to GND during programming. GPIO33 was freed from the onboard LED and wired externally. The supplied firmware uses it for debugging, but it may be used for other purposes like: ADC for battery voltage measurement Set up as an RTC pin to wake up the MCU from deep sleep, i.e., PIR sensor Wire to a pushbutton to make local changes without a computer or Wi-Fi connectivity Results Image quality isn’t great, which was expected due to the cost of the module. Quality could be improved, modifying several parameters of the chip depending on the specific lighting conditions. The image shown below was uploaded automatically by the module through Wi-Fi to a Raspberry Pi where the was running. Golang upload server Possible improvements Since firmware and upload server are very basic examples, there are some tasks proposed to the reader like: Wi-Fi manager to set up credentials without reprogramming. Implement some form of authentication when communicating with the server. A mechanism to change the deep sleep time, image settings, etc. from the server on every picture exchange. Develop an RTC-based scheduler to take pictures on specific dates. Use of a better Wi-Fi antenna (external to the module, but placed inside the enclosure), and place it in a place with less obstructions. Certain changes are needed in the components near the U.FL connector.

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