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Jigsaw Academy is an online analytics education provider that offers data analytics tools and techniques to its users.

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Jigsaw Academy Education Pvt Ltd.’s Profile, Revenue and Employees. Jigsaw Academy is an Indian e-learning platform that offers online courses and training programs in data science, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Big Data, and other technology fields for students of varying skill ...

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UNext Learning Pvt. Ltd., backed by the Manipal Education and Medical Group, is a next generation online learning organization focused on the higher education ecosystem. UNext is India’s first ed-tech <strong>company</strong> that provides end-to-end learning and assessment solutions in the online space.

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Jigsaw Academy - Provider of online academy for learning data analytics. Acquired by UNext Learning. Raised a total funding of $3M over 2 rounds from 9 investors. Valued at $11.6M. Founded by Gaurav Vohra and Sarita Digumarti in the year 2011. Jigsaw Academy has 343 competitors.

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Jigsaw Academy offers courses in big data and data analytics at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels, as well as specialized courses for specific sectors

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Cryptocurrencies are blooming into a fresh asset class and creating a new era for the global finance industry. These digital assets are appealing to more and more people who would like to enter the market and gain from the potential of decentralized currency. The first generation of crypto services focused on things like exchanges. Market analysis tools were scarce, as most people were highly focused on Bitcoin, and little else. Thousands of exchanges were created so investors can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies. Some of these currencies allow people to make secure and untraceable transactions, and most have gone up in value substantially. People know Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and XRP, but there are thousands more that present opportunities for any kind of investor. Some of the smaller tokens can create outsized gains, which is appealing to investors. However, new entrants to the crypto markets need to learn about crypto, so they can make smart decisions about where to deploy their capital. Analytics are key, and there are a few good ways to use big data to any crypto investor's advantage. Simply put – the advent of AI in the crypto markets will change the way investments are made. Just like the big data systems that are used in the equity markets, any investor who has access to AI-driven crypto analytics will have an advantage. Cryptocurrency Investment and Data Analytics With thousands of blockchains out there, market data in the crypto space isn't as simple to analyze as it would be on a centralized exchange. But just like any other financial market, data analytics are extremely important and allow investors to make informed decisions. Analytics technology is most valuable where investors can use data to make real-time decisions at any time frame. Some investors look to buy a token for days or weeks, while other need to take on longer-term positions. Using analytics tools is a good idea for investors, and as the quants on Wall St. have demonstrated, these systems can help investors avoid huge losses. Many data analytics platforms were designed to offer investors solutions for understanding how the crypto market works, and one of the most interesting new ones is Defy Trends. The Miami-based platform is developing its first product, which takes advantage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create data analytics that works for any investor. Unlike many of the trading bot platforms, this one allows investors to access far more information, and dive deeper into the markets. The Rise of Data Analytics Blockchain-based data analytics overcomes the disparate nature of decentralized platforms and allows for direct comparisons between thousands of blockchain platforms. In addition, some recent advancements allow investors to understand the energy requirements of a blockchain, as many use tremendous amounts of power. As blockchain and crypto adoption has been growing among industries, blockchain data analytics has also become a necessary part of the market. Developers, investors, institutional investors, and governments are looking for ways to better understand the blockchain space. Data can guide investment strategies, manage risk, conduct cybersecurity investigations, and a lot more. The demand for blockchain and crypto data analytics is predicted even greater in the future when venture capitalists are pouring money into companies providing these services, and larger institutional investors need hard data on these systems. A Popular Industry There is no doubt that early-stage investors see the potential of data analytics in the blockchain space. In June of this year, the San Francisco-based startup TRM Labs closed a US$14 million Series A funding round. Later, Chainalysis raised a US$100 million Series E funding round and nailed a US$4.2 billion valuation. Singapore-based blockchain data analytics platform Nansen secured a $12 million Series A fundraising round led by Andreessen Horowitz. In The Startup Showdown, Panoramic Venture Capital’s high-energy competition, which took place early this month, saw judges choose two winners, with one of them operating in the blockchain analytics space. As such, each startup received a $120K investment from Panoramic instead of only one being awarded. DeFy Trends was one of the companies that won funding in the competition. Why AI? AI-based algorithms can analyze historical data to predict future trends and help investors make constructive decisions. These new projects can offer a range of tools such as an Index, which scores coins and informs traders which are under- and over-valued as a way to see the indicators that are most important to their reference. Data analytics tools like the suite that Defy Trends created can help to educate people about crypto markets via bringing huge amounts of data together – and making it understandable to a single person. Analytics technology can contribute to creating a safer cryptocurrency environment through its data. The combination of data analysis and constant monitoring will make it easier to identify opportunities and great crypto traders. Investors and traders can use analytics platforms to look at the blockchain network that operates behind the team that created the cryptocurrency to make smarter choices. Simply put, AI-based data analytics allow investors to understand markets in a way that would not be possible without the technology. The advantages they provide are impossible to match with any other technology, and will likely grow from here. Sources https://www.analyticsinsight.net/how-cryptocurrency-benefits-from-big-data-analytics/ https://refreshmiami.com/7-things-to-know-in-miamitech-the-lowdown-on-startup-showdown-michael-saymans-book-talk-thermabands-backer-much-more/ https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/what-are-the-4-important-benefits-of-cryptocurrency-to-big-data-analytics-in-2021/ https://www.smartdatacollective.com/using-analytics-to-decide-which-cryptocurrency-to-invest-in/ https://www.jigsawacademy.com/what-is-blockchain-analytics/ https://forkast.news/blockchain-data-analytics-nansen/ Disclaimer: The opinions in this article belong to the author alone and should not be considered investment advice.

Investors Clamor for Digestible Data Analytics in the Fledgling Crypto Industry

84 Stories To Learn About Scaling

M.H Forrest is the author of , a book 368 pages long examining one of the most perplexing questions in human history. The Meaning of Life The 5-star book published on Amazon is the culmination of more than 15 years of diving into the mystery of life and challenging the conventional wisdom that is wrapped around it. Forrest has an uncommon fascination with blockchain technology, and he believes in the potential of NFT to onboard book lovers across the world to web3. He recently sat down with Olayimika Oyebanji to discuss his new book, his foray into NFT, and why he is doubling down on leveraging blockchain technology. 1. Thank you, Mr. Forrest, for finding the time to do this interview. I would like to know what being an accomplished author means to you. And what are the other things you are passionate about? It’s a pleasure. Thanks for taking the time to give the interview. You have asked about what it is like to be an accomplished author. Firstly, I would say being an author is probably only really one percent of my activities. It’s probably taken twenty years to actually put the book together as it is quite a complicated book, as you can imagine from the subject matter. But it’s actually not my main activity because really I am an entrepreneur. Regarding what I am passionate about, I suppose number one on the list is being such an entrepreneur. I am an executive music producer and record label owner, and I produce in multiple genres from mainstream to rap to grime to house music and dance music as well as reggaeton in multiple languages. So, going to studios and spending a lot of time in the studios in my capacity as an executive music producer (and occasionally singer/songwriter) is also one of my key passions. I am also passionate about changing situations where people say, “That is the way it is and it always has been”. I think there is a lot of added value I am going to bring into mental health and into equality among human beings in terms of financial distribution of resources and use of resources. There are of course personal rewards to be had for the meritocracy, but the world is a mess right now in terms of equality. This has been a long-term plan to a certain degree; trying to reduce or limit servitude so that people can actually move forward with their passions in life rather than just working in McDonald’s or working as an office worker or whatever it might be. I have been building an infrastructure and web portal (likely to be blockchain compatible in the longer term) to facilitate that. It is important to take steps now anyway because as the next generation of AI comes on stream even many lawyers, medical practitioners, drivers, etc. are going to lose their jobs. So it becomes more and more important to focus on that for the future as well as reduce soul-destroying servitude also. 2. The Meaning of Life has a treasure trove of reviews on Amazon and a 5-star rating. What is the inspiration behind writing about one of the most frequently asked questions in history? That’s a great question. The biggest inspiration was probably for that exact reason; it is the deepest question that mankind can explore, but it is also about the potential unification of spirituality and science. Atheists tend to say that being religious is lazy because they don’t follow the evidence. Whereas, in fact, it is hypocritical because science itself is only a pattern recognition system and never fully addresses the reasons why and about base reality. So, the book is multi-disciplined and it looks at every possible potential discipline that can help in the decoding of the meaning of life. 3. One of the reviewers recommended your book to people whose religion is science. Does this sound like flattery to you? Or does the reader need to bring a scientific mind when reading your book? The person who gave that review has got two degrees. He’s got a degree in Chemistry and one in Law from the esteemed Chicago University. So, he is already highly academic and scientifically minded. What he meant by the phrase he used was that people who are scientific are quite often not religious in terms of mainstream religion. But the point he was making is that science itself is a religion and these people pray to that religion. In other words, he is saying that those who make science their religion should actually not be so prejudiced and should do as they tend to as per the scientific method and follow the evidence. 4. For whom do you write? I guess in some sense the book was written for myself primarily because by putting it together in a coherent fashion I was able to put the jigsaw puzzle of the meaning of life together. But it was also to disseminate such information to the masses. There are untold benefits locked in this knowledge. Now there is an issue in getting the book to the masses as you probably appreciate because it is deeply philosophical in some parts and fairly scientific in some parts also. It is for people who are interested in this subject matter and the level of comprehension required is perhaps akin to books like “A Brief History of Time” or “The Selfish Gene”. I have written a series of books about the meaning of life and have so far launched the first. However, there is also work underway for an equivalent version called “The Simple Truth” which is effectively a plain English edition of the same book, for those who are less scientifically minded. But obviously, the scientific version was necessary because otherwise, the skeptics who would read the less scientific version would inevitably call into question the validity of the information. I have also written a movie trilogy based on the same concept. Although it is fiction rather than non-fiction, it plays with many of the key elements that are in the books. I have worked with high-profile movie directors and movie editors to get the script into shape. Although the work is complete, the time is not yet right for production. So what I am saying is that information within the meaning of life book(s) is in the process of being put ‘out there’ at different levels and using different formats and media to propagate knowledge transfer. 5. What is the meaning of life? Well, as you know, I have written a very comprehensive book with a lot of information. It is not something you can answer in an interview question. In fact, part of the end of the book in the final chapter says that if you just read the conclusion and read the final chapter you will perhaps be none the wiser because the whole point is to do with seeing all the information and evidence as a whole. 6. Let’s talk about your exploration of blockchain which is new terrain for most people. What piques your interest in it? My interests are numerous. One of them is based on the fact I have some intellectual property (a patent application) about the utilization of blockchain technology within the field of intellectual property itself and its protection thereof. Other interests include NFT because as an entrepreneur, I have artwork, photography, music, videos, podcast recordings, audio books, etc. and all of these digital assets lend themselves potentially to NFT; such that people can buy the real-life physical (or digital) versions of these having encountered the NFT. But also there is additional monetization within the NFT community itself. 7. Creating an audio book NFT collection is a laudable effort to open a new frontier for NFT within the conventional setting. Why are you excited about this project? The reason that NFT is exciting for me is because, as mentioned, I already have a catalog of intellectual property. Therefore, it is a good means of both promoting the IP and capitalizing on selling it through the NFT method. And I am genuinely convinced that audio book NFT has come to stay. 8. Do you consider NFT to be a boom or a bubble? I consider that NFT is an unusual animal because everything in our reality is essentially fiat if you drill down to the quantum level. But obviously, we are used to dealing with ‘physical’ entities such as buying a diamond. Whereas, with NFT, it is merely just a digital representation and it is because of the predisposition of human beings to enjoy scarcity that these ‘assets’ are given value. Really it is just a binary representation that does not have a spacetime physical representation. But quite often, they obviously are a representation of the physical in that they interact with our senses, such as sight. So, it is in some respect, a strange new world because it is a little bit akin to when people are gamers and they buy clothing or diamonds within that environment. It kind of doesn’t have what we would consider a true reality but there is a reality by the very fact that the phenomenon exists. I don’t really have a problem with NFT. It’s just an additional means for people to transact and have a return on experience. But I guess when you have a kid taking a selfie and it is suddenly deemed to be worth a million dollars, then it’s a little bit crazy. It is in a way akin to art pieces that might be worth a hundred million dollars even though it’s no better than work done by someone who can only command $50. At least there is some kind of physical nature to art though and I find it a little bit strange sometimes that so much value can be given to something that is more fiat than fiat money. 9. Are you planning to build a crypto community for your readers in the future? Obviously, I have a number of people including you the interviewer who are experts in this field. And people in Thailand and other places that are familiar with the crypto community situations and so it seems a logical way to move because there are certain advantages of crypto and blockchain. I have never been a particular fan of the fact that people buy crypto with, say $10, with an expectation of having $1000 in the future and therefore it is greed that drives it. It is not like a normal money transaction system where currency has obvious usefulness (notwithstanding the corruption in both its supply and acquisition). Crypto has very often been used as a means of investment, even though there is no real value. Now, obviously, you can actually link crypto to humanitarian causes and that is to be applauded, but primarily it has been a bubble driven by greed.

"Audio Book NFT Has Come To Stay," M.H. Forrest On Exploring Blockchain Technology

Zero knowledge proofs are becoming the new buzzword in circles. But how can you explain it to your 13 year-old son? blockchain As a thought experiment, I decided to role play my own sample of a zero knowledge proof, which requires only minimal math knowledge. Please bear in mind that this is not an academic paper. Here we go: Say, Alice and Bob are master builders of jigsaw puzzles. They want to compete to see who assembles a 1000 piece puzzle faster when neither one knows what the finished puzzle should look like. They ask Charlie, a random man they met outside the toy store, to buy two sets of the same puzzle model. On the complete set, they ask Charlie to enumerate the pieces of both puzzles randomly with unique numbers between 0 and 999. Charlie uses the same number for the same piece on the different sets (i.e. the piece numbered 255 on set #1 is the same piece numbered 255 on set #2, and so on). Charlie then shuffles both sets, throws the pieces of each puzzle in a plastic bag, and gives one set of 1000 numbered pieces to Alice and the other set to Bob. Charlie then goes back to the store and destroys every remaining copy of the puzzle set. At this point, Charlie is relieved of his duty and both parties no longer use his services ever again. The competition begins. Alice, being the faster of the two, completes her puzzle first. She now wants to prove to Bob that she’s holding a complete set, but since she doesn’t trust Bob not to copy her set and claim victory, she wants to prove her win to Bob without revealing what the completed puzzle looks like. Given these circumstances, Alice is the “prover” and Bob is the “verifier”, they both perform the following procedure. Bob selects a random piece from his yet unassembled puzzle set and sends Alice the piece number. Alice then photographs this assembled piece connected to other pieces from every side on her puzzle (edge pieces will have one side unconnected and corner pieces two sides unconnected). She sends the photo to Bob to convince him that, indeed, this random piece he selected is part of the assembled puzzle. Bob compares the piece in Alice’s photo to his own copy of the piece and verifies the match. Consider that by doing so, Bob did not learn anything about the structure of the puzzle that he could not deduce by looking at his piece, except that he now knows that this piece is included in Alice’s puzzle. If Alice completed only half of the puzzle at this point, she only has about 50% chance to correctly photo a random assembled piece. They now repeat the process again and again, with each photo of assembled piece Alice sends that shows an assembled piece, Bob becomes more convinced that Alice indeed holds a fully assembled set of the puzzle. If Alice only completed half of the puzzle, her chance of misleading Bob 128 times in a row is 1 in 2¹²⁸, which is clearly impossible. Even if she completed a higher proportion of the puzzle but not the whole set, repeating this process enough times will eventually expose her bluff. Still, even after 128 attempts, Bob did not learn anything about the full structure of the puzzle. The beauty of this system is that even if the puzzle has a million or a billion or 2²⁵⁶ pieces, the same method can be used to prove to Bob that Alice completed the puzzle with the same guarantees. This method is called an interactive zero knowledge proof. Alice has proven a statement to Bob without Bob anything about this statement. learning But can Alice prove the same without the tedious interactive communication with Bob? It turns out that she can! Given that the first number received from Bob is x, Alice can calculate x² mod 1000, x³ mod 1000, … ,x¹²⁸ mod 1000 and send Bob 128 photos of the resulting piece numbers. Calculation mod 1000 is very simple, all you need to do is use the last three digits of any resulting number. Examples: 0 mod 1000 = 0, 1 mod 1000 = 1, 2 mod 1000 = 2, … ,999 mod 1000 = 999, 1000 mod 1000 = 0, 1001 mod 1000 = 1, … ,2003 mod 1000 = 3, …, 987654321 mod 1000 = 321 Addition works like this: (2 + 3) mod 1000 = 5 (2 + 999) mod 1000 = 1001 mod 1000 = 1 Multiplication and powers: (7*11*13) mod 1000 = 1001 mod 1000 = 1 2¹⁰ mod 1000 = (2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2) mod 1000 = 1024 mod 1000 = 24 Using this method, assuming the random number provided by Bob is , Alice starts to calculate powers of this number, she calculates 255² = 255*255 = 65025, she then calculates 65025 mod 1000 to receive as the 2nd number. She then calculates x³, i.e. 255 * 255 * 255 = 25 * 255 = 6375 and, this time, uses the last 3 digits as the next number. She then calculates 375*255 = 95625 to get and so on. If one of the numbers repeats, she adds 1 to it until receiving a new number, wrapping around from 999 to 0 if necessary, and then continuing to multiply by 255. 255 25 375 625 She then takes the resulting 128 unique numbers and sends the corresponding photos of these assembled pieces to Bob in a single message. Bob can repeat the calculation and verify that indeed these 128 photos correspond to pieces derived from his initial random number, which Alice could not have known in advance. Bob is now convinced beyond a shadow of a doubt that Alice completed the puzzle with only a single message to Alice and a single response from her. But still Bob, even though he has to admit his defeat, knows nothing he did not already know about the full structure of the puzzle. It turns out similar methods, albeit much more sophisticated, can be used in the blockchain world to improve privacy and optimize performance. But more on this in another article.

Zero Knowledge Proof Example

When was the last time you read a title like, . I bet it wasn’t too long back. This title sounds tempting, especially because it’s obnoxious and inglorious. We’ve all had that experience of coming across shared news stories with hyperbolic headlines while scrolling through our social media feeds. Some of us would click and read the accompanying article in disbelief, while others would just immediately share it around without verifying the source. ‘Pedophile priest with HIV who raped 30 children, found crucified outside church’ Though critical readers would spend a few minutes of Google-directed due diligence to reveal a story’s veracity, by then, it may be too late — the story may have already gone viral and received millions of page views. : The above story was published by a conspiracy site known for false accounts. The truth The church says it has no record of the priest by that name or such an incident at the archdiocese. In this article, I’d like to talk about two instances where fake news did not just eat away people’s time spent online web-browsing, but caused economic outrage. And then move on to discussing how Google plans on tackling this. Terms such as “fake news”, “post-truth” and “alternative facts” will be forever associated with the . There are three reasons why Fake News is harmful: 2016 Presidential Election It promotes false facts, which in turn affects people’s opinions negatively. It overshadows more important, pressing and true stories that must reach people. It demeans the credibility of press and media as a whole. ( Almost 50% people rarely or do not believe what they read on social media ) 1. Malaysia Airline Flight 17 Attack On July 17th 2014 at about 4:20 PM local time, Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine. All 298 passengers died, including many children. Who fired the missile? A Dutch-led international team of investigators said Thursday that a missile that downed a Malaysia Airlines jetliner over eastern Ukraine in 2014 , opening the possibility that Dutch prosecutors could sue the Kremlin in connection with the attack that killed all 298 on board. Even the independent Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta seemed to have little doubt as to who was responsible. “Forgive us, Netherlands,” was the stark headline on the paper’s front page. came from the Russian military A Dutch Reporter reading out report on Malaysia Flight 17 However, the . Within hours, social media began to circulate rival explanations of what brought the plane down. Western media outlets claimed pro-Russian separatists shot it down. The Russian government, on the other hand, blamed the Ukrainian military. talks about the analysis conducted by The Washington Post on Tweets following the attack. Russian media was quick to spread misinformation about Ukraine, calling them guilty This article 2. Myanmar Genocide Myanmar is predominantly Buddhist (88–90% of the population), with small minorities of other faiths, including a small minority of Muslims (4%). The country underwent a major genocide that happened in 2016. In late November of 2016, released which showed that about 1,250 Rohingya houses in five villages had been burned down by the security forces (and an estimated ~90,000 have been displaced). Why? , if you haven’t guessed by now. In this incident, the main medium used was Facebook. Human Rights Watch satellite images Fake News A Rohingya man looks at Facebook on his cell phone at a temporary makeshift camp after One said Islam was a global threat to Buddhism. Another shared a false story about the rape of a Buddhist woman by a Muslim man. The Facebook posts were not from everyday internet users though. Instead, they were from Myanmar military personnel who turned the social network into a tool for ethnic cleansing, according to former military officials, researchers and civilian officials in the country. The military exploited Facebook’s wide reach in Myanmar, where it is so broadly used that many of the country’s . Facebook did finally do something about this, but by then the many accounts had done the damage. Some of the fake accounts even had 1.3 million followers. 18 million internet users confuse the Silicon Valley social media platform with the internet How Google Combats Fake News As a Search Engine that , Google has understood the grave responsibility that it carries in weeding out fake news, especially during breaking news situations. In the digital age, news organizations face pressure more than ever to make themselves trustworthy. processes over 3.5 billion searches per day Google said it plans to to improve the accuracy and quality of news appearing on its platforms. They call it the spend $300 million over the next three years Google News Initiative. The GNI is focused on three objectives: Elevate and strengthen quality journalism Evolve business models to drive sustainable growth Empower news organizations through technological innovation Those sound too vague — let me break it down. They plan on: Similar to how they remove hateful content on YouTube, Google plans on using that technology to highlight relevant content from verified news sources, called ‘Top Shelf’. To do that, 1. Elevate and strengthen quality journalism: they launched Disinfo Lab. “By linking software engineers, designers and (dis)information experts, we believe we can develop modern and smart solutions to this age-old problem. Our first project has been to create an online ‘social network’ of disinformation specialists. A ‘Disinfo Hub’. The hub links academics and disinfo experts together with designers and software developers, creating a global forum for people interested in this subject.” As digital media took over, , which gives news organizations a second source of revenue apart from advertisements. Google is playing its part by creating a new initiative called , a way for people to easily subscribe to various news outlets, helping publishers engage readers across Google and the web. 2. Evolve business models to drive sustainable growth: it has been observed that people are more prone to paying for good quality content ‘Subscribe with Google’ The publications present in Subscribe with Google Currently, they are in the early stages of testing a signal based on machine learning models in DoubleClick to make it easier for publishers to recognize potential subscribers, and to present them the right offer at the right time. “Propensity to Subscribe” What good is technology advancement if it can’t be utilized to fight the real issues of today? Google followed this mantra and is trying to use their technology to make newsrooms more efficient. 3. Empower news organizations through technological innovation: For example, they are using their natural language processing API to help Hearst Newspapers sort, label and categorize more than 3,000 articles every day. to use Google Earth to create immersive VR experiences that show the evolution of Hong Kong throughout history. But that’s not it — there’s more. They also worked with the South China Morning Post Finally, we’re also launching today , an open-source tool from that lets news organizations provide journalists more secure access to the internet. Outline makes it easy for news organizations to set up their own VPN on a private server — no tech savvy required. Outline Jigsaw What Can We As Citizens Do? Here is an article by the To summarize, Harvard Summer School that gives you 4 tips to spot Fake News. Vet the publisher’s credibility Pay attention to quality (CAPS & punctuation like ?!?!? are a big no-no) Check the sources Most importantly, use a fact-checking website like FaceCheck.org . ****************************************************************** There are 3.773 billion internet users and 2.789 billion social media users all over the world. The global internet user number is reported to be up by more than 80% since year 2012, and there is an increase in social media use of 21% users year-on-year . But all this comes with a bitter pill: Fake News. If major tech companies don’t start combating this right away, it is safe to say I will be skeptical about every article that I read in the future. ******************************************************************* If you found this to be useful, do Follow me for more articles. Did you know you can clap more than once? Try it out! :) I love writing about social issues, products, the technology sector and my graduate school experience in the US. Here is my personal blog . The best way to get in touch with me is via Instagram and Facebook . I share some interesting content there. To know more about my professional life, check out my LinkedIn . Happy reading!

70% of People Worry About Fake News— And How Google Combats It

What A VC Learned from Interviewing with the CIA My notebook after I received a mysterious call… “The poet is of no party. Otherwise, he would be a mere mortal.” — Charles Baudelaire I interviewed to become a spy with the CIA in the fall of 2006. It started with a phone call. After a short greeting, I remember a disembodied yet firm voice saying, “Michael, we came across your application for the role of political analyst, but we were wondering if you might instead be interested in the clandestine service.” I can’t exactly recall what I mumbled right then, partly because I was surprised, but mainly because I had never thought of becoming a spy. For all sorts of reasons. But how many times in your life is someone going to call you and ask? So I had to see how deep this rabbit hole could go. I took a dive, “Yes, I would.” “Great, let’s schedule a preliminary phone call interview for next week.” During the following week, I had no idea what to expect, let alone no clue how to prepare, so I did nothing. It’s not like a McKinsey interview where you can practice in advance by bullshitting case studies and tumbling through mental math on how many ping pong balls can fit into a 747. At the time I was renting an attic apartment in a family’s colonial home off Brattle Street — ”Tory Row” — in Cambridge, Massachusetts. , MIT’s magazine, had hired me as a writer. I covered everything from quantum computing to ultrasonic backscattering for brewing a better beer. I had dropped out of Oxford University, where I was working towards a doctorate in philosophy. This is not how is supposed to begin. I didn’t own a suit and I couldn’t even pick out an expensive watch. Technology Review Casino Royale I took the call in the family’s living room amid a rubble of children’s toys. It was one of those late October afternoons when you notice the days are getting shorter. Reception was bad in the colonial attic and I was afraid the call from this unknown, untraceable number would cut out. On the other hand, being in the living room had its dangers, too. Mom and the kids could walk in. Short greetings again but a different bureaucratic voice. “I’m going to go through a series of questions and do your best to answer them. Ok? So…” — and recall this was 2006 — ”What are the main motivations and grievances driving sectarian conflict in Iraq between the Sunni, Shi’a, Yazidis, Assyrians, Kurds and Iraqi Turkmen?” Yazidis? I pace when I have serious conversations on the phone. Hurdling scattered toys, I said, with great weight and authority, drawing on the works of Plato, Nietzsche, and Kant, “Ummmm…” I did my best to repeat the general analysis I had gleaned scanning the daily. I probably sounded like the slouch in class who hadn’t done the reading, but raised his hand anyway to get credit for attendance. New York Times He cut me off. “What is intelligence? What kind of information does the CIA want? Just any? Is it the kind that you can Google?” “Ummm, well of course not,” I offered. “It’s the kind that someone else doesn’t want you to have.” “Sometimes. But not always. It’s information that is of critical interest to the United States, for its national security, for its foreign policy. That may be the plans and intentions of high-level foreign government officials. But it may be time-sensitive information that these officials don’t even realize is of importance.” I tripped on a stuffed penguin. “I see.” He then went on to explain to me the two main entry-level roles in the clandestine service, and that spies typically worked in pairs, one of each role together. On the one hand, there is the “operations officer”, who is more like what you’d think of when you imagine a spy. Undercover abroad, they work to turn non-US citizens who have access to foreign intelligence into sources. This involves building relationships — and also cajoling, persuading, and manipulating — so you can imagine the kind of person who is good at this is the kind of person who can size someone up, build rapport, and make friends quickly. If you’ve met me, you know that someone is not me. They also practice what is known as “tradecraft,” which refers to the bug plants, the dead drops, street surveillance, the secret meetings in safe houses, and so on. Maybe I could do that. I left a key under a rock outside a friend’s house once. The other role is called a “collection management officer.” If the operation officer collects the jigsaw pieces, the collection management officer is supposed to anticipate how they will fit together, what picture they will form, even though he doesn’t have the puzzle box. With a view to looming trends, this person places the information collected into the wider context of events, backed by research and regional expertise. Together these two solve the puzzle. “So what role would you prefer to apply for?” I don’t know how I passed this round of the recruiting process, but I did. I told him I’d probably be better suited to the collection management role, only because it felt more academic to me. I did not, however, make it past the next round. That included an IQ test, a personality test, a statement of values, a set of essay questions, and a list of the books I was supposed to use as sources. I still have the booklist. Some of the titles, many quite good and largely critical of the CIA’s activities and failures: Steve Coll’s , a meticulous history of the Taliban and the rise of Osama Bin Laden in the 1990s; the impassioned by Michael Scheuer, the former head of the Osama Bin Laden unit at the CIA’s counterterrorism center; strangely, I thought, a spy novel — by David Ignatius. Ghost Wars Imperial Hubris Agents of Innocence I had to print out my essays and send them to an address in Virginia that disappeared a week afterward. One of my favorite details comes from the personality test. “On a scale of one to five, with one being ‘strongly disagree’ and five being ‘strongly agree,’ this statement is true: When I walk down the street, I feel an aura of power around me.” What the hell were they tracking for? I’ll never know why they passed on hiring me; maybe it’s because I didn’t have an aura of power. But ever since I have reflected on the nature of intelligence gathering and the methods that were described to me. Venture capital has its own information gathering process. You can’t search for it on Google or read it on Twitter. We are trying to obtain time-sensitive information on teams and technologies that no one else seems to think important. The future is present, but invisible on the surface. We have to gather it from a place unseen, where no one is looking. Like the CIA, 1517 works in pairs. People have called us Mulder and Scully from . (For some reason they think I’m Scully — the rational skeptic — and Danielle Mulder, enthusiast of the paranormal and mysterious. The truth is the opposite!) X-Files I’m skeptical of investors who work alone. People ask us if we follow technological trends, but we really build jigsaw puzzles using both our strengths, traveling to distant places. Danielle builds relationships and trust just about better than anyone I have ever met. She’s a gravity well for great people and sources of expertise. And she has a keen emotional intelligence that gives her a sound judgment when it comes to assessing character and why people do things. Not to mention she executes more in a second than most in a minute. I am more of a collection officer. A background of reading, talking to experts, and general curiosity help me bring order to the pieces we come into contact with. The most exciting people we meet are the ones who point the way to the picture forming of a future to come. I don’t have the puzzle box to guide us to the solution. We meet founders and they bring us to the edge of our understanding. What we learn there is not something you’d ever read in a headline. If you did, it’d already be too late. ? “φύσις κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ,” Heraclitus says. “Nature loves to hide her secrets.” You can read the CIA’s definition . What is intelligence here — Michael Gibson

Human Intelligence

Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter and YouTube intensify their fight against terrorism. * Excerpts from the original post published by Twitter on its official blog : Today, Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter, and YouTube are announcing the formation of the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, which will help us continue to make our hosted consumer services hostile to terrorists and violent extremists. The spread of terrorism and violent extremism is a pressing global problem and a critical challenge for us all. We take these issues very seriously, and each of our companies have developed policies and removal practices that enable us to take a hard line against terrorist or violent extremist content on our hosted consumer services. We believe that by working together, sharing the best technological and operational elements of our individual efforts, we can have a greater impact on the threat of terrorist content online. The new forum builds on initiatives including the and the ; discussions with the UK government; and the conclusions of the recent and meetings. EU Internet Forum Shared Industry Hash Database G7 European Council _The G7 leaders gathered in Taormina, Italy on May 26–27 for the 2017 G7 Summit._hackernoon.com G7 calls for tech groups to fight terrorism online _At the G7 Summit in Italy, the G7 leaders condemned “in the strongest possible terms terrorism in all its forms and…_medium.com G7 statement on the fight against terrorism and violent extremism It will formalize and structure existing and future areas of collaboration between our companies and foster cooperation with smaller tech companies, civil society groups and academics, governments and supra-national bodies such as the EU and the UN. The scope of our work will evolve over time as we will need to be responsive to the ever-evolving terrorist and extremist tactics. our companies will work together to refine and improve existing joint technical work, such as the Shared Industry Hash Database; exchange best practices as we develop and implement new content detection and classification techniques using machine learning; and define standard transparency reporting methods for terrorist content removals. Technological solutions: we will commission research to inform our counter-speech efforts and guide future technical and policy decisions around the removal of terrorist content. Research: we will work with counter-terrorism experts including governments, civil society groups, academics and other companies to engage in shared learning about terrorism. And through a joint partnership with the UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (UN CTED) and the ICT4Peace Initiative, we are establishing a broad knowledge-sharing network to: Knowledge-sharing: Engage with smaller companies: we will help them develop the technology and processes necessary to tackle terrorist and extremist content online. Develop best practices: we already partner with organizations such as the , and to identify how best to counter extremism and online hate, while respecting freedom of expression and privacy. We can socialise these best practices, and develop additional shared learnings on topics such as community guideline development, and policy enforcement. Center for Strategic and International Studies Anti-Defamation League Global Network Initiative Counterspeech: each of us already has robust counterspeech initiatives in place (e.g., YouTube’s Creators for Change, Jigsaw’s Redirect method, Facebook’s P2P and OCCI, Microsoft’s partnership with the Institute for Strategic Dialogue for counter-narratives on Bing, Twitter’s global NGO training programme). The forum we have established allows us to learn from and contribute to one another’s counterspeech efforts, and discuss how to further empower and train civil society organisations and individuals who may be engaged in similar work and support ongoing efforts such as the Civil society empowerment project (CSEP). _Coding and artificial intelligence are not enough. Facebook, Twitter, Google on combating violent extremism online._hackernoon.com Tech vs ISIS

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