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This article gives you an introduction to what ISO is about, describes the cooperation between the ISO party and the blockchain project, and provides information on how blockchain technology works Introduction to ISO Much like the roads need traffic lights and modern states would not work without the rule of law, every important aspect in the fields of technology, economy, health care, and medicine needs ISO standards. These standards declare the correct limits, values, procedures, quality evaluation methods, and many others. ISO Standards are a key part of our society as they ensure quality and safety in both products and services in international trade. ISO standards benefit businesses by cutting costs through improved systems and procedures. Similarly, governments can benefit greatly from ISO standards, as these can support common good by providing expert-approved global norms, and thus also pave the way to the global exchange of goods and ideas. Many governments, therefore, implement international standards and integration of ISO standards, which ensures transparency for trading parties world-wide. The first interaction with the ISO world for many industries was a requirement to attain ISO 9001, Total Quality Management, in 2015. ISO 9001 is the stamp of approval indicating that a company is following good practices and procedures usually in the manufacturing industry. These days, we can again hear or read about ISO standards and its because a rising cardinality of ISO mentions right next to another technological chapter of the 21st century, a blockchain. • Goal: Enabling ecosystems through interoperability • Challenge: Anticipating technology trends and their impact on applications Importance of standards - a summary “Trusted standards mean that industry doesn’t need to reinvent the wheel, that innovations will be compatible and work with existing technology, and that products and services will be trusted, too. Governments use standards as trusted solutions to complement regulation, and they give peace of mind to consumers who know they are not putting themselves or their families at risk.” - Acting ISO Secretary-General Kevin McKinley Blockchain To extend the above wheel analogy further, the uses of the wheel as an instrument were initially very limited, but eventually, it permeated every aspect of the industrial revolution and the world it created. In many ways, the internet is the new wheel, and the blockchain works as its pneumatic tire - an enhancement to make the wheel even more useful and ubiquitous. Nevertheless, there is still some uncertainty about how innovative an aspect this technology can prove for the IT infrastructure of the future. A lot will depend on what can be built on or around the blockchain technology. Implementing blockchain-based solutions to systems that deliver ISO standards globally is a great step towards adopting the blockchain technology thoroughly. Some may still not believe that blockchain could ever transcend the pitfalls of being "just another technological buzzword". However, since this technology is starting to permeate areas like the ISO, banking, or identity protection, many have already started paying closer attention. Blockchain is a cryptography-focused architecture based on the Internet protocol and powered by networked computer servers that do not need to be set up by developers. That is, however, just one of its many attractive features. In addition, blockchain is a software approach designed to bind this hardware together and dedicate it to the Consensus, a universal validity check system that, among others, uses the Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) methods for validation, and is the primary layer of any decentralized verification architecture. In many respects, blockchain can be considered a meta-technology, since it utilizes, enhances, and potentially supersedes other, already existing, software technologies. As such, it allows us to create versatile technological solutions that aim to minimize the agency of third-party providers and, in a way, to return the power back to the users. This can be achieved by the blockchain providing an environment where users can interact freely in a trustless ecosystem for very low to almost-zero fees and at speeds that make everybody in the world reachable in a matter of minutes. To make that possible, the blockchain can also be used as a transaction platform and distributed accounting ledger that uses cryptocurrency tokens (digital money) as a demonstration of a specific value at the current time (much like traditional fiat currencies). Nevertheless, for trustless technology to work on a global scale, it needs to implement trust in a different manner. This is where ISO standards come into the picture, as they ensure that the blockchain interactions follow globally applicable rules, norms, and procedures. This is also why starting in 2016, blockchain has its own set of ISO standards, called ISO/TC307. Gilbert Verdian and ISO/TC307 drove the initiative to develop a Blockchain , eventually approved in October 2016 as . 35 countries and organizations were involved in the completion of this project. Gilbert Verdian ISO Standard ISO/TC307 - BLOCKCHAIN AND DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGIES ISO/TC 307 currently operates in structure cells that are created and disbanded when needed. ISO/TC 307/CAG 1 Convenors coordination group ISO/TC 307/JWG 4 Joint Working Group with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 WG ISO/TC 307/SG 2 Use cases ISO/TC 307/SG 6 Governance of blockchain and distributed ledger technology systems ISO/TC 307/SG 7 Interoperability of blockchain and distributed ledger technology systems ISO/TC 307/WG 1 Foundations ISO/TC 307/WG 2 Security, privacy and identity ISO/TC 307/WG 3 Smart contracts and their applications The proposal of this standard is standardization of blockchains and distributed ledger technologies to support interoperability and data interchange among users, applications, and systems. Gilbert Verdian is the current chairman of the ISO National Committee on Blockchain for the UK. ISO/TC307 tools LiveLink - a portal for all documents, email communications, a forum, and even a list of members who are registered for a particular working group. N-docs - documents that are assigned with sequential numbering for ease of reference. Other relevant standardization efforts next to ISO/TC307 ITU-T Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology IEEE Blockchain initiative CEN/CENELEC Focus Group on Blockchain and DLT Blockchain as an ISO integrator The paragraphs below provide an example of blockchain-based solutions and a company that delivers ISO standards in mutual collaboration. In August 2019, there was a collaboration agreement signing by LTO Network's and NEN, the Dutch Standardization Institute. By utilizing LTO Network's hybrid blockchain, NEN has become one of the first standardization agencies around the world to store hashes of standardization certificates on the blockchain in a decentralized manner. Rick Schmitz The decentralized solution created by this fusion delivered an instant verification of certificates provided by NEN using patented smart QR codes, hashes of which are safely stored on the LTO blockchain which is currently 23th most used blockchain (source - ). Stakeholders can then use the QR codes to confirm the validity of any certificate issued by NEN in a matter of seconds. Changes to the certificates will be automatically reflected in their QR codes, which are then re-hashed on the blockchain to safeguard the validity of the certificate’s current state. Any possible tampering with these QR codes will make them out-of-sync with the data stored on the blockchain, and they will, therefore, be found invalid by the parties involved. Blockchain Activity Matrix Why is Blockchain a good solution? Traditionally, electronic security focuses on authorization, authentication, and access control. These mechanics are intended to keep unauthorized users from accessing or modifying data. However, when it comes to authorized access, either on application or system level, it does not provide any protection. Blockchain enables tamper resistance for data through distribution over many systems that are run and managed by independent parties. This is ensured by the architecture of the blockchain, where every piece of data has thousands of globally distributed copies. A potential attacker intent on breaching the certificate would have to compromise the majority of the data distribution at the same time, which is extremely hard, expensive, and with a well-designed blockchain almost impossible. To reiterate, blockchain is a versatile solution for a variety of real-world use cases, and it is up to innovative minds how soon and how extensively this “ ” of the internet will be used for the betterment to many walks of the modern life. pneumatic tire The End About parties involved Basic ISO use cases Getting government tenders: ISO certificate is now required in the majority of government tenders. Building credibility internationally: ISO Certification helps your organization with credibility to build an overseas business. Greater customer satisfaction: ISO standards are designed to enable an organization to serve their customers better and hence increase customer satisfaction. ISO certification enhances customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. Improving product quality: Since product quality matches the international level, this can reduce the risk of order rejections that can occur due to a flaw in the product. Improving business efficiency: ISO certification implementation enhances the functional efficiency of an organization. The ISO Certification agency helps you develop SOPs & work instructions for all your processes. ISO implementations help manage the resources effectively, as you become able to utilize all your resources to the maximum extent. Improving marketability: ISO certification helps improve the credibility of business with a current & new client, which leads to creating a niche market for business. Source - Quora About NEN The Netherlands Standardization Institute (NEN) is a center of standardization that helps parties adhere to established standards and terms of conduct, and to agree on clear and usable terms. NEN also helps Dutch companies and parties make agreements with other organization at an international level. NEN’s business activities include European and national standardization, investigating, issuing certificates, training and consulting about international standards, and maintaining the infrastructure required for drawing up these standards. About LTO Network LTO Network is a member of the blockchain standards committee (as well as an ISO/ TC 307 contributor) and the International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications (INATBA). LTO Network develops and provides a Toolkit for Trustless Workflows (as a product/service). It is a solution that automates workflows in the business-to-business (B2B) market by making them trustworthy between each party. To execute this, they split up their solution into a Hybrid Chain with two different layers. The second layer uses permissionless private chains, which utilize LTO “Live Contracts”. The “Live Contract” is like a workflow to automate processes (for example, a customer who applies within a KYC, which is getting signed by the company). The information about this event happening gets hashed (saved within the cryptographic algorithm) on the first layer, which acts then as the security layer. All of this is possible by connecting legacy systems that the parties already use.

Blockchain and ISO sharing a drive

Backpropagation - The Most Fundamental Training Systems Algorithm in Modern Generative AI

Authors:
(1) Ying Tang, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (tang@rowan.edu);
(2) Ryan Hare, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (harer6@rowan.edu). Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction II. Overview of PING System and Gridlock III. Design Insights and Educational Impact IV. Conclusion and References Abstract This work-in-progress research-to-practice paper provides ongoing results from the development and testing of a personalized learning system integrated into a serious game. Given limited instructor resources, the use of computerized systems to help tutor students offers a way to provide higher quality education and to improve educational efficacy. Personalized learning systems like the one proposed in this paper offer an accessible solution. Furthermore, by combining such a system with a serious game, students are further engaged in interacting with the system. The proposed learning system combines expert-driven structure and lesson planning with computational intelligence methods and gamification to provide students with a fun and educational experience. As the project is ongoing from past years, numerous design iterations have been made on the system based on feedback from students and classroom observations. Using computational intelligence, the system adaptively provides support to students based on data collected from both their in-game actions and by estimating their emotional state from webcam images. For our evaluation, we focus on student data gathered from in-classroom testing in relevant courses, with both educational efficacy results and student observations. To demonstrate the effect of our proposed system, students in an early electrical engineering course were instructed to interact with the system in place of their standard lab assignments. The system would then measure and help them improve their background knowledge before allowing them to complete the lab assignment. As they played through the game, we observed their interactions with the system to gather insights for future developments, which are presented in this work. Additionally, we demonstrate the system’s educational efficacy through early prepost-test results from students who played the game with and without the personalized learning system integration. Keywords—Gamification, Educational Software, Learning Technology, Higher Education, Engineering Education I. INTRODUCTION Despite many recent advancements and paradigm shifts worldwide, classroom education still plays a pivotal role in equipping students with the skills and knowledge required to join the workforce and address real problems. However, larger classrooms can struggle to address student needs and concerns, especially when those needs heavily deviate from the standard one-size-fits-all lesson plan [1, 2]. And as classroom sizes increase, it becomes impossible for instructors to provide support to each individual student based on their needs and background [3]. As such, students often need to resort to excessive studying, self-learning, or external tutoring to gain much-needed knowledge [4]. To take some burden off the instructor while still limiting learning to class time, one possible solution is intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). ITSs are educational systems that leverage student data to provide personalized educational support and tutoring to students [5]. Unlike human tutors, these systems are not limited by time and resource constraints and can support many students at the same time. By collecting data such as student performance, student actions when interacting with the system, or results on graded assignments, these systems can make informed decisions about what support a student needs to succeed. Furthermore, recent trends in artificial intelligence (AI) and data mining have further bolstered the accuracy and ability of these systems to provide effective support. However, while these systems can provide appropriate support, they can often struggle with engaging students. This is especially prevalent when students are interacting with systems that require them to read large sections of content, watch extended videos, or otherwise undergo non-active learning [6]. Maintaining this engagement is crucial for effective learning. [7, 8]. The solution to the issue of student engagement, as addressed in this paper, is to combine an ITS with a serious game (SG) [9]. Serious games are virtual or physical games that focus primarily on education, training, or other non-entertainment purposes [10]. Due to the gamification aspect of SGs, students are often significantly more engaged in lessons. In a well-designed game, students may not even realize that they are learning. Additionally, virtual SGs have added benefits in that they can create environments, visualizations, or interactive scenarios that students would not otherwise experience through standard lectures or videos. This paper presents results from the ongoing development of Gridlock, a serious game that focuses on binary logic, simple programming, and digital system design. Gridlock is designed to be run in tandem with a lab assignment where students are tasked with designing the logic controller for a traffic light. This task is the goal of the game, and is a common lab assignment for early students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Gridlock further supports student learning by combining a serious game environment with an ITS that supports students on various topics relevant to the overarching task. Using reinforcement learning, an AI method, the system automatically adjusts what support it provides based on student responses. This support then manifests as pop-up prompts, hints, adjusted content, and enabling or disabling certain areas in the game based on student performance. We refer to the combined system as the personalized instruction and need-aware gaming (PING) system, and while this paper focuses on Gridlock, the system is designed as a modular, general-purpose approach for any SG. As the contribution of this work, we provide design insights for both our ITS and our virtual game environment based on both observations of student interactions with the system and interview sessions with students where they provided direct feedback. We also provide educational results from inclassroom testing to verify the educational efficacy of our proposed system. To that end, Section II of this paper gives a more detailed overview of our ITS, Gridlock, and the support provided in the game. Section III provides our development insights and educational results, followed by conclusions in Section IV. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Ying Tang, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (tang@rowan.edu); (2) Ryan Hare, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (harer6@rowan.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Ying Tang, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (tang@rowan.edu); Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, (2) Ryan Hare, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA (harer6@rowan.edu). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. Overview of PING System and Gridlock II. Overview of PING System and Gridlock III. Design Insights and Educational Impact III. Design Insights and Educational Impact IV. Conclusion and References IV. Conclusion and References Abstract This work-in-progress research-to-practice paper provides ongoing results from the development and testing of a personalized learning system integrated into a serious game. Given limited instructor resources, the use of computerized systems to help tutor students offers a way to provide higher quality education and to improve educational efficacy. Personalized learning systems like the one proposed in this paper offer an accessible solution. Furthermore, by combining such a system with a serious game, students are further engaged in interacting with the system. The proposed learning system combines expert-driven structure and lesson planning with computational intelligence methods and gamification to provide students with a fun and educational experience. As the project is ongoing from past years, numerous design iterations have been made on the system based on feedback from students and classroom observations. Using computational intelligence, the system adaptively provides support to students based on data collected from both their in-game actions and by estimating their emotional state from webcam images. For our evaluation, we focus on student data gathered from in-classroom testing in relevant courses, with both educational efficacy results and student observations. This work-in-progress research-to-practice paper provides ongoing results from the development and testing of a personalized learning system integrated into a serious game. Given limited instructor resources, the use of computerized systems to help tutor students offers a way to provide higher quality education and to improve educational efficacy. Personalized learning systems like the one proposed in this paper offer an accessible solution. Furthermore, by combining such a system with a serious game, students are further engaged in interacting with the system. The proposed learning system combines expert-driven structure and lesson planning with computational intelligence methods and gamification to provide students with a fun and educational experience. As the project is ongoing from past years, numerous design iterations have been made on the system based on feedback from students and classroom observations. Using computational intelligence, the system adaptively provides support to students based on data collected from both their in-game actions and by estimating their emotional state from webcam images. For our evaluation, we focus on student data gathered from in-classroom testing in relevant courses, with both educational efficacy results and student observations. To demonstrate the effect of our proposed system, students in an early electrical engineering course were instructed to interact with the system in place of their standard lab assignments. The system would then measure and help them improve their background knowledge before allowing them to complete the lab assignment. As they played through the game, we observed their interactions with the system to gather insights for future developments, which are presented in this work. Additionally, we demonstrate the system’s educational efficacy through early prepost-test results from students who played the game with and without the personalized learning system integration. To demonstrate the effect of our proposed system, students in an early electrical engineering course were instructed to interact with the system in place of their standard lab assignments. The system would then measure and help them improve their background knowledge before allowing them to complete the lab assignment. As they played through the game, we observed their interactions with the system to gather insights for future developments, which are presented in this work. Additionally, we demonstrate the system’s educational efficacy through early prepost-test results from students who played the game with and without the personalized learning system integration. Keywords—Gamification, Educational Software, Learning Technology, Higher Education, Engineering Education Keywords—Gamification, Educational Software, Learning Technology, Higher Education, Engineering Education I. INTRODUCTION Despite many recent advancements and paradigm shifts worldwide, classroom education still plays a pivotal role in equipping students with the skills and knowledge required to join the workforce and address real problems. However, larger classrooms can struggle to address student needs and concerns, especially when those needs heavily deviate from the standard one-size-fits-all lesson plan [1, 2]. And as classroom sizes increase, it becomes impossible for instructors to provide support to each individual student based on their needs and background [3]. As such, students often need to resort to excessive studying, self-learning, or external tutoring to gain much-needed knowledge [4]. To take some burden off the instructor while still limiting learning to class time, one possible solution is intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). ITSs are educational systems that leverage student data to provide personalized educational support and tutoring to students [5]. Unlike human tutors, these systems are not limited by time and resource constraints and can support many students at the same time. By collecting data such as student performance, student actions when interacting with the system, or results on graded assignments, these systems can make informed decisions about what support a student needs to succeed. Furthermore, recent trends in artificial intelligence (AI) and data mining have further bolstered the accuracy and ability of these systems to provide effective support. However, while these systems can provide appropriate support, they can often struggle with engaging students. This is especially prevalent when students are interacting with systems that require them to read large sections of content, watch extended videos, or otherwise undergo non-active learning [6]. Maintaining this engagement is crucial for effective learning. [7, 8]. The solution to the issue of student engagement, as addressed in this paper, is to combine an ITS with a serious game (SG) [9]. Serious games are virtual or physical games that focus primarily on education, training, or other non-entertainment purposes [10]. Due to the gamification aspect of SGs, students are often significantly more engaged in lessons. In a well-designed game, students may not even realize that they are learning. Additionally, virtual SGs have added benefits in that they can create environments, visualizations, or interactive scenarios that students would not otherwise experience through standard lectures or videos. This paper presents results from the ongoing development of Gridlock , a serious game that focuses on binary logic, simple programming, and digital system design. Gridlock is designed to be run in tandem with a lab assignment where students are tasked with designing the logic controller for a traffic light. This task is the goal of the game, and is a common lab assignment for early students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science. Gridlock further supports student learning by combining a serious game environment with an ITS that supports students on various topics relevant to the overarching task. Using reinforcement learning, an AI method, the system automatically adjusts what support it provides based on student responses. This support then manifests as pop-up prompts, hints, adjusted content, and enabling or disabling certain areas in the game based on student performance. We refer to the combined system as the personalized instruction and need-aware gaming (PING) system, and while this paper focuses on Gridlock, the system is designed as a modular, general-purpose approach for any SG. Gridlock Gridlock Gridlock As the contribution of this work, we provide design insights for both our ITS and our virtual game environment based on both observations of student interactions with the system and interview sessions with students where they provided direct feedback. We also provide educational results from inclassroom testing to verify the educational efficacy of our proposed system. To that end, Section II of this paper gives a more detailed overview of our ITS, Gridlock , and the support provided in the game. Section III provides our development insights and educational results, followed by conclusions in Section IV. Gridlock This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Enhancing Learning with Gamified Instruction: Abstract and Introduction

Judgement Day.

Artificial Intelligence: Drawing Inspiration from Human Capabilities

Pros & Cons: How do you choose which crypto-friendly jurisdiction to start your company in?

Lifelong Intelligence Beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computing: Evaluation of LifeHD

The idea behind the Internet of Value (IoV) is that , with the help of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. money should be able to be sent as quickly as information This change is similar to how the internet changed the way people share knowledge. The internet made it possible to instantly send and receive information around the world. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain aim to do the same for value, making transactions faster and more transparent without the need for middlemen. Decentralized Payment Protocols in the Internet of Value Decentralized payment protocols are an interesting shift in how we handle digital transactions. Instead of relying on centralized systems or sticking with the isolated nature of traditional blockchains, these protocols aim to streamline things by cutting out the middleman and allowing transactions to happen directly between peers. The idea is pretty simple: decentralized payment protocols use a network of nodes to verify and validate transactions instead of a single authority overseeing transactions. This decentralized approach contrasts with traditional systems, where banks or other central entities usually handle transaction processing, often leading to delays and extra costs. What's intriguing is how these protocols are designed to work across different blockchains, a big departure from how things typically operate. This interoperability means you can move your assets between various networks more seamlessly without relying on third-party exchanges or complex conversions. Security is also a key consideration. While some systems heavily depend on smart contracts to enforce transaction terms, decentralized payment protocols take a different route, aiming for simplicity and robustness. They use advanced cryptographic techniques and consensus algorithms to ensure secure and reliable transactions. How Decentralized Payment Protocols Work Within the IoV Decentralized payment systems make it possible for money to be sent quickly and easily across the internet by leveraging blockchain technology. They are also pretty versatile, catering to different needs, including the integration of cryptocurrency payments for businesses. Below are some examples of decentralized payment platforms and how they enable the transfer of value across different use cases. How RippleNet Enables Cross-Border Payment Solutions RippleNet is a platform that enhances cross-border payment efficiency through its  messaging, settlement, and foreign exchange (FX) management features. One of the essential aspects of RippleNet is RippleNet Home, which streamlines management tasks across the network. Users can initiate and monitor payments, troubleshoot issues, analyze payment execution, manage accounts and user profiles, and retrieve API credentials, among other functionalities. RippleNet Home is a centralized hub for overseeing various aspects of business operations within the RippleNet ecosystem. On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) is a liquidity solution offered by RippleNet. It enables instant settlement without needing pre-funded capital in destination markets. ODL facilitates real-time settlement of payment funds, access to global payout rails, upfront visibility of fees, and automatic payout to beneficiaries' bank accounts, enhancing the efficiency and transparency of cross-border transactions. RippleNet's flexibility, particularly with ODL integration, caters to diverse customer needs across multiple use cases. Payment service providers can leverage ODL for cross-border remittances, while fintech companies can facilitate business-to-business transactions for small-to-medium enterprises. Additionally, corporations can utilize ODL for internal treasury payments to accounts in foreign countries, optimizing liquidity management and reducing transaction costs. Various transaction types are supported within the RippleNet ecosystem, each tailored to specific use cases. Individual payments involve settling individual customer or business payments using ODL, with XRP funding the sender wallet and recipients receiving fiat payouts in receive markets. Bulk funding allows instant topping up of sender positions with receivers, facilitating efficient remittances and B2B payments. Internal treasury transactions enable intra-company transfers for customers with accounts in foreign countries, streamlining cross-border treasury operations. How Kima Enables Asset Transfers without Smart Contracts Kima facilitates asset transfers across various blockchain networks and traditional bank accounts, employing a specialized chain designed for direct transactions with the source and destination networks or banks. Unlike relying on smart contracts, which can be susceptible to exploits, Kima ensures the security of sensitive funds in transit by utilizing proven technologies such as Threshold Signature Schemes (TSS) and Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) like Intel SGX, which have demonstrated resilience in real-world scenarios. In its approach to settlement security, Kima adopts a straightforward principle: if assets aren't present in a vulnerable environment, they can't be compromised. This philosophy drives Kima's avoidance of smart contracts, oracles, and external relayers, eliminating potential points of failure. Instead, Kima's technical framework comprises three key components: External Accounts (EOAs), TSS and TEEs, and Efficient Liquidity Management (LiMa). EOAs serve as native blockchain wallets acting as pools, enhancing security by eliminating the need for smart contracts across every blockchain and mitigating vulnerabilities associated with cross-contract messaging. TSS and TEEs enable secure key sharing among parties without direct exposure, bolstering the system's resilience against critical compromises. Additionally, Kima employs a Liquidity Management algorithm to optimize the distribution of assets across pools, ensuring effective service delivery. Additionally, Kima bridges the gap between traditional and decentralized finance systems by offering support for fiat integration through an opt-in compliance system. This protocol-level integration enables access to legacy systems like fiat payments while adhering to regulatory requirements, including KYC anti-money laundering verifications. Recognizing the challenges inherent in achieving compatibility within the web3 ecosystem, Kima emphasizes a holistic approach. Rather than treating compatibility issues as isolated problems, Kima views them as interconnected symptoms of a broader issue. Kima keeps liquidity pools on each combined layer-1 blockchain by enabling smooth cross-chain exchange without token wrapping. This lets users move assets directly between chains without creating synthetic tokens. At the core of Kima's functionality lies its blockchain, orchestrating asset synchronization across multiple layer-1 blockchains through committee-based consensus. This consensus mechanism relies on rotating sets of wardens responsible for ensuring asset pool synchronization and authorizing withdrawals on destination chains only upon confirmation of corresponding deposits on source chains. Kima leverages TSS protocols within TEEs to enhance security and privacy in cross-chain transfers. By employing TSS, Kima enables participants to collaboratively generate and control signing keys securely, ensuring that a predetermined threshold of participants must engage in authorizing transactions. Through proactive secret sharing and the use of Intel SGX enclaves, Kima fortifies the security of its TSS implementation, minimizing the risk of key compromises and unauthorized access. How Coinbase Commerce Integrates Cryptocurrencies into Retail Transactions Coinbase Commerce facilitates the integration of cryptocurrency payments into merchants' operations via an API or user interface. This enables customers to pay directly from their devices using the blockchain for settlement. Merchants and customers benefit from guaranteed settlement without exposure to cryptocurrency volatility. Payments are automatically settled into stablecoins, providing merchants with stability. Additionally, Coinbase Commerce supports various wallets and exchanges, allowing merchants to deposit funds into their preferred storage solutions. The Commerce Onchain Payment Protocol simplifies the payment process, enabling merchants to accept various cryptocurrencies. Customers can utilize their verified Coinbase accounts to make seamless payments to any Commerce merchant. Transactions are confirmed instantly, leveraging cost-effective networks like Base and Polygon. Coinbase Commerce operates on the Onchain Payment Protocol, an open-source standard to streamline cryptocurrency payments. Unlike traditional pull payments, where merchants initiate transactions, cryptocurrency payments rely on a push system initiated by customers. Upon payment initiation, Coinbase Commerce creates a Charge representing the requested payment, generating a unique payment link and Universally Unique Identifier (UUID). Customer transactions are broadcast to the cryptocurrency network for validation, with Coinbase monitoring the blockchain for inbound payments and updating charge statuses accordingly. For non-developers, Coinbase Commerce offers user-friendly solutions such as embedding payment buttons on websites or creating hosted checkout pages. These options require minimal coding and provide a straightforward experience for customers. Merchants can integrate Coinbase Commerce into existing e-commerce platforms to accept cryptocurrency payments without extensive technical expertise. Final Thoughts As blockchain technology improves and decentralized payment systems improve, the Internet of Value looks like it could have a bright future. Adding digital assets to financial systems and creating new decentralized financial services could lead to significant growth and broad use. The IoV could affect e-commerce, banks, and money transfers, making things easier, cheaper, and safer. In general, I'm hopeful about the IoV's future.

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