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Surely, the idea of giving some crypto to your loved ones on Christmas has crossed your mind. However, the logistics of such a gift could be a bit troublesome if the recipients don’t have a clue about the topic —which is often the case. Will your relatives truly appreciate something that they don’t understand? If you give them the twelve precious words of a private key, will they be able to handle it? Are they even convinced that this is real money? Some Redditors have faced this kind of situation in past years while discussing or gifting cryptocurrency to their families on Christmas. Based on their experiences, we’ve pulled out some common questions (and accusations?) that will probably come up for you, too. But instead of choosing socks as a Christmas gift, you can always turn to this little guide to answer them and attract more crypto users for the upcoming year. It’s a scam! (Or malware) This is a classic one. “My family still says it’s all a scam and it’s not tangible so it can’t be real. They think every time I buy crypto, I’ve lost all my money,” said one of the posters on Reddit. Another one told this funny bit: “My uncle said BTC was an Apple-killing malware. As I write, I am still laughing.” Of course, the first step would be saying that crypto is definitely not a scam or malware, but how to make them believe it? You could explain the workings of money, centralization, and decentralization too; and how most crypto coins have no one behind them to take advantage of the users. If you own your private key, no one, in theory, could snatch your coins away or limit your spending —so this is even better than a regular bank. You could, yeah, but perhaps no one wants a masterclass on Christmas. Take your phone instead. Open your crypto wallet app, and buy something online, anything (like an ugly crypto shower curtain?), using cryptocurrency. You could also exchange to fiat currency live, just to show them that this works like any other form of money. If they argue that “scammers are smart and make me think I can do that but when I make a big deposit they will take my money and run,” tell them to just make a quick Google search on the involved brands (wallets or exchanges). They can even check on sites like Trustpilot or ScamAdviser. The crypto experts On the opposite side of the coin, we’ll have some relatives and friends talking about how they met or read about some dubious crypto experts or investment platforms along the way. They’re promising extraordinary profits with very little investment, and your relative/friend is thinking about giving them money to start. Surely, you’ve tried them, haven't you? That’s why you’re giving gifts in crypto, right? Well, now it’s ironic that those who don’t believe that crypto is a scam are about to be scammed —by cybercriminals who may not even be dealing with cryptocurrencies, per se. This would be a great time to debunk another classic crypto myth: that cryptos work to make anyone rich overnight. They don’t, clearly, and that attractive investment is nothing more than bait to catch naive people. It’s important to tell them that cryptocurrencies aren’t scams themselves, but scammers are totally using them to deceive and rob people. You can show them this diagram. It’s a common process, and, for some reason, they always ask for 250 USD or EUR to start. Fake publicity with celebrities ‘recommending’ these platforms is also around, even with deepfakes. The last thing your loved ones want to do on Christmas is get scammed with the promise of trading cryptocurrencies that were never there. You need a lot of money to begin with “You must be rich since you’re buying whole bitcoins” is another very frequent and very incorrect observation. Average people often count money from one, because decimals are way too insignificant in most cases. From this logic, they tend to think that to start investing in cryptocurrency you’ll need thousands of dollars. It’s a secret to no one that Bitcoin crossed $100k in December 2024, for instance. That’s, more or less, the value of a whole house and some more, depending on the place. So yes, it may sound overwhelming. There are two main issues with that logic in crypto, though. First, buying whole bitcoins at this point is actually for rich people, so the rest of us mortals handle decimals. And they’re good decimals, thanks. Bitcoin, for example, has eight decimal places, and 0.001 BTC is equivalent to around 100 USD —perfectly usable. The second issue is that not only Bitcoin exists. According to CoinMarketCap (CMC), there are around 10,311 different cryptocurrencies by December 2024. Not all of them have the same prices (or functions). Indeed, they vary a lot, from a few cents per unit to, well, Bitcoin. Before even thinking about putting money into them, though, it’s important to perform thorough research on your coin of choice. We’ve also prepared a guide to find good and bad signals in a whitepaper, the foundational document that always must be there. Technical concerns Let’s consider this story before commenting: “This year I have decided to give my children and family members a paper with 24 words on it with the words: These are the 24 (BIP39) words for your Bitcoin wallet. I have deposited xx$ in your wallet. If you want to use it, I suggest you learn about Bitcoin. If you did and still can’t access it, please let me know if I can help.” Maybe it’s a good way to push young people to learn about crypto, but maybe they’ll need something more user-friendly. For starters, we should avoid terms like ‘BIP39’ if we’re trying to teach something to clueless potential users. A better way to approach this kind of gift could be to include instructions without technical terms and easy QR codes to download a proper wallet. Next, you can guide them through the first set-up, and tell them that private keys are the only way to access their funds —so they must take exquisite care of them. Crypto addresses could also be intimidating, so you could replace them with something like textcoins or usernames in Obyte. They’re twelve random words (textcoins) or a simple @Username that lets anyone send and receive tokens in a more user-friendly way. No need to type or copy and paste long alphanumeric strings and double-check not being wrong because you can render your coins useless otherwise. No luck at explaining? Have you tried to explain decentralization to a whole room of clueless and possibly disinterested relatives on Christmas, and failed? Then don’t. Just mention some brief key points that may actually catch their attention: If only you have your private password (keys) here, no one can freeze or snatch away your savings. Not even the bank or the government, ever.


The whole cryptocurrency market cap is at over $3.7 trillion. No one believed at first (in 2009) that Bitcoin would reach even $1. Now it’s at $100k. The rest of the altcoins are actively traded by a lot of people and companies worldwide —hence the market cap.


There are actual regulations, like MiCA in Europe, surrounding the industry and protecting consumers.


You’re not going to get rich overnight, and there are a lot of scams to avoid (with traditional money it is the same, though). On the other hand, you can keep your savings really safe and potentially growing, and send and receive money globally without intermediaries, censorship, or high fees. Cryptos are money for freedom, especially fully decentralized ones, like Obyte. Next, you can go straight to the practical side and announce that this is just like any other app on their phones. Only this app is for handling money without banks or governments. Demonstrate how it works live with a random transaction, and that’s it. We hope for the best and wish everyone a Merry Christmas! Featured Vector Image by jcomp / Freepik Surely, the idea of giving some crypto to your loved ones on Christmas has crossed your mind. However, the logistics of such a gift could be a bit troublesome if the recipients don’t have a clue about the topic —which is often the case. Will your relatives truly appreciate something that they don’t understand? If you give them the twelve precious words of a private key, will they be able to handle it? Are they even convinced that this is real money? Some Redditors have faced this kind of situation in past years while discussing or gifting cryptocurrency to their families on Christmas. Based on their experiences, we’ve pulled out some common questions (and accusations?) that will probably come up for you, too. But instead of choosing socks as a Christmas gift, you can always turn to this little guide to answer them and attract more crypto users for the upcoming year. Some Redditors Some Redditors It’s a scam! (Or malware) This is a classic one. “My family still says it’s all a scam and it’s not tangible so it can’t be real. They think every time I buy crypto, I’ve lost all my money,” said one of the posters on Reddit . Another one told this funny bit: “My uncle said BTC was an Apple-killing malware. As I write, I am still laughing.” Of course, the first step would be saying that crypto is definitely not a scam or malware, but how to make them believe it? Reddit You could explain the workings of money, centralization, and decentralization too; and how most crypto coins have no one behind them to take advantage of the users. If you own your private key, no one, in theory, could snatch your coins away or limit your spending —so this is even better than a regular bank. You could, yeah, but perhaps no one wants a masterclass on Christmas. Take your phone instead. Open your crypto wallet app, and buy something online, anything (like an ugly crypto shower curtain?), using cryptocurrency. You could also exchange to fiat currency live, just to show them that this works like any other form of money. If they argue that “scammers are smart and make me think I can do that but when I make a big deposit they will take my money and run,” tell them to just make a quick Google search on the involved brands (wallets or exchanges). They can even check on sites like Trustpilot or ScamAdviser. Take your phone instead. Open your crypto wallet app, and buy something online, anything ( like an ugly crypto shower curtain? ), using cryptocurrency. like an ugly crypto shower curtain? like an ugly crypto shower curtain? If they argue If they argue The crypto experts On the opposite side of the coin, we’ll have some relatives and friends talking about how they met or read about some dubious crypto experts or investment platforms along the way. They’re promising extraordinary profits with very little investment, and your relative/friend is thinking about giving them money to start. Surely, you’ve tried them, haven't you? That’s why you’re giving gifts in crypto, right? Well, now it’s ironic that those who don’t believe that crypto is a scam are about to be scammed —by cybercriminals who may not even be dealing with cryptocurrencies, per se. This would be a great time to debunk another classic crypto myth: that cryptos work to make anyone rich overnight. They don’t, clearly, and that attractive investment is nothing more than bait to catch naive people. It’s important to tell them that cryptocurrencies aren’t scams themselves, but scammers are totally using them to deceive and rob people. This would be a great time to debunk another classic crypto myth: that cryptos work to make anyone rich overnight. They don’t, clearly, and that attractive investment is nothing more than bait to catch naive people . bait to catch naive people bait to catch naive people You can show them this diagram. It’s a common process, and, for some reason, they always ask for 250 USD or EUR to start. Fake publicity with celebrities ‘recommending’ these platforms is also around, even with deepfakes . The last thing your loved ones want to do on Christmas is get scammed with the promise of trading cryptocurrencies that were never there. even with deepfakes even with deepfakes You need a lot of money to begin with “You must be rich since you’re buying whole bitcoins” is another very frequent and very incorrect observation. Average people often count money from one, because decimals are way too insignificant in most cases. From this logic, they tend to think that to start investing in cryptocurrency you’ll need thousands of dollars. It’s a secret to no one that Bitcoin crossed $100k in December 2024, for instance. That’s, more or less, the value of a whole house and some more, depending on the place. So yes, it may sound overwhelming. is another is another There are two main issues with that logic in crypto, though. First, buying whole bitcoins at this point is actually for rich people, so the rest of us mortals handle decimals. And they’re good decimals, thanks. Bitcoin, for example, has eight decimal places, and 0.001 BTC is equivalent to around 100 USD —perfectly usable. The second issue is that not only Bitcoin exists. First, buying whole bitcoins at this point is actually for rich people, so the rest of us mortals handle decimals. According to CoinMarketCap (CMC), there are around 10,311 different cryptocurrencies by December 2024. Not all of them have the same prices (or functions). Indeed, they vary a lot, from a few cents per unit to, well, Bitcoin. Before even thinking about putting money into them, though, it’s important to perform thorough research on your coin of choice. We’ve also prepared a guide to find good and bad signals in a whitepaper , the foundational document that always must be there. bad signals in a whitepaper bad signals in a whitepaper Technical concerns Let’s consider this story before commenting: this story this story “This year I have decided to give my children and family members a paper with 24 words on it with the words: These are the 24 (BIP39) words for your Bitcoin wallet. I have deposited xx$ in your wallet. If you want to use it, I suggest you learn about Bitcoin. If you did and still can’t access it, please let me know if I can help.” “This year I have decided to give my children and family members a paper with 24 words on it with the words: These are the 24 (BIP39) words for your Bitcoin wallet. I have deposited xx$ in your wallet. If you want to use it, I suggest you learn about Bitcoin. If you did and still can’t access it, please let me know if I can help.” Maybe it’s a good way to push young people to learn about crypto, but maybe they’ll need something more user-friendly. For starters, we should avoid terms like ‘BIP39’ if we’re trying to teach something to clueless potential users. A better way to approach this kind of gift could be to include instructions without technical terms and easy QR codes to download a proper wallet. Next, you can guide them through the first set-up, and tell them that private keys are the only way to access their funds —so they must take exquisite care of them. A better way to approach this kind of gift could be to include instructions without technical terms and easy QR codes to download a proper wallet. take exquisite care of them. take exquisite care of them. Crypto addresses could also be intimidating, so you could replace them with something like textcoins or usernames in Obyte. They’re twelve random words (textcoins) or a simple @Username that lets anyone send and receive tokens in a more user-friendly way. No need to type or copy and paste long alphanumeric strings and double-check not being wrong because you can render your coins useless otherwise. textcoins or usernames textcoins or usernames @Username No luck at explaining? Have you tried to explain decentralization to a whole room of clueless and possibly disinterested relatives on Christmas, and failed? Then don’t. Just mention some brief key points that may actually catch their attention: If only you have your private password (keys) here, no one can freeze or snatch away your savings. Not even the bank or the government, ever. The whole cryptocurrency market cap is at over $3.7 trillion. No one believed at first (in 2009) that Bitcoin would reach even $1. Now it’s at $100k. The rest of the altcoins are actively traded by a lot of people and companies worldwide —hence the market cap. There are actual regulations, like MiCA in Europe, surrounding the industry and protecting consumers. You’re not going to get rich overnight, and there are a lot of scams to avoid (with traditional money it is the same, though). On the other hand, you can keep your savings really safe and potentially growing, and send and receive money globally without intermediaries, censorship, or high fees. Cryptos are money for freedom, especially fully decentralized ones, like Obyte. If only you have your private password (keys) here, no one can freeze or snatch away your savings. Not even the bank or the government, ever. If only you have your private password (keys) here, no one can freeze or snatch away your savings . Not even the bank or the government, ever. If only you have your private password (keys) here, no one can freeze or snatch away your savings The whole cryptocurrency market cap is at over $3.7 trillion. No one believed at first (in 2009) that Bitcoin would reach even $1. Now it’s at $100k. The rest of the altcoins are actively traded by a lot of people and companies worldwide —hence the market cap. The whole cryptocurrency market cap is at over $3.7 trillion. No one believed at first (in 2009) that Bitcoin would reach even $1. Now it’s at $100k. The rest of the altcoins are actively traded by a lot of people and companies worldwide —hence the market cap. There are actual regulations, like MiCA in Europe, surrounding the industry and protecting consumers. There are actual regulations , like MiCA in Europe, surrounding the industry and protecting consumers. actual regulations actual regulations You’re not going to get rich overnight, and there are a lot of scams to avoid (with traditional money it is the same, though). On the other hand, you can keep your savings really safe and potentially growing, and send and receive money globally without intermediaries, censorship, or high fees. Cryptos are money for freedom, especially fully decentralized ones, like Obyte. You’re not going to get rich overnight, and there are a lot of scams to avoid (with traditional money it is the same, though). On the other hand, you can keep your savings really safe and potentially growing, and send and receive money globally without intermediaries, censorship, or high fees. Cryptos are money for freedom, especially fully decentralized ones, like Obyte . On the other hand, you can keep your savings really safe and potentially growing, and send and receive money globally without intermediaries, fully decentralized ones, like Obyte fully decentralized ones, like Obyte Next, you can go straight to the practical side and announce that this is just like any other app on their phones. Only this app is for handling money without banks or governments. Demonstrate how it works live with a random transaction, and that’s it. We hope for the best and wish everyone a Merry Christmas! Featured Vector Image by jcomp / Freepik Featured Vector Image by jcomp / Freepik Freepik Freepik

Crypto FAQ: How to Discuss & Gift Crypto to Your Family This Christmas

Cripto FAQ: Kunjamas aruskipt’añax & Cripto Regalo Familiamarux Aka Navidad urunxa

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Crypto GYIK: Hogyan beszélgessünk és ajándékozzunk kriptot családodnak karácsonykor

暗号通貨に関するよくある質問: 今年のクリスマスに家族と暗号通貨について話し合ったりプレゼントしたりする方法

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Crypto FAQ: Kamoo o ka Boledišanago & O Neela Lapa la Gago Crypto Keresemose ye

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Let’s start by saying that determining the “real” value of an asset isn’t easy, and the free market, made up of people with quite subjective views, isn’t always helpful —sometimes, quite the opposite. If enough people believe, for any reason (imaginary or not), that a certain asset’s price will go to the moon and start buying massively, then it could happen. The problem comes when those same people start to panic because it’s never enough. That’s the moment when we have economic bubbles. This type of “bubble” occurs when the price of something, like houses, stocks, or any other asset, rises much higher than its ‘actual’ value because of too much buying, often leading to a sudden crash. Just like inflating a balloon until, logically, it bursts. Now, even if it’s difficult to determine the ‘actual’ value of something, there are some common-sense pointers. For instance, do you believe that a single tulip bulb (the flower, yes) could buy 12 acres of land? Because it’s happened. (In)Famous Financial Bubbles Economic bubbles often lead to fascinating yet devastating stories of market collapse. One of the earliest examples is the Dutch Tulip Mania of 1637. In the Netherlands, tulips became highly coveted, and prices for their bulbs soared due to speculation. Some bulbs were sold for the price of lands and houses, but in February 1637, the market collapsed almost overnight, leaving many investors bankrupt. This event is a classic example of speculative mania and its consequences, though its impact on the broader Dutch economy remains debated. A closer example to all of us is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. This one centered around the rapid rise of Internet-based companies. Investors poured money into businesses simply because they were labeled as ".com," leading to wildly overvalued stock prices. By 2000, the bubble burst when these companies failed to deliver profits, and the Nasdaq index (the stock market) fell by over 78%. Many firms, like Pets.com, went bankrupt, though others like Amazon and Google emerged stronger. There are more severe bubbles, though. The U.S. housing bubble in the 2000s was a major factor that led to the 2008 economic crisis. As property values rose, banks offered risky subprime mortgages (loans to borrowers with poor credit). When home prices began to decline in 2007, many borrowers defaulted, triggering a financial crisis that led to the Great Recession. This collapse caused widespread economic fallout, with millions losing their homes and jobs. It also spurred stricter financial regulations to prevent a similar disaster. Cryptocurrency Bubbles Someone will try to tell you that cryptocurrencies are economic bubbles, but that’s not true. They’re a new type of asset, and, as such, determining their ‘real’ or ‘intrinsic’ value has been a wild ride. Cryptocurrencies aren’t financial bubbles themselves, but they can suffer from financial bubbles. And they have, indeed, suffered from some big bubbles over the years. For instance, 2017 is very well remembered by all crypto users. In December of that year, cryptocurrency values, led by Bitcoin, skyrocketed to unprecedented highs, with Bitcoin nearing $20,000. By early 2018, panic selling, fraud, and hacks caused prices to plummet. By year’s end, Bitcoin lost 80% of its value, sinking below $4,000, and most other cryptocurrencies followed, marking one of the largest market collapses in history. The crypto market is quite resilient, though, and it recovered eventually —when the panic and pessimism faded and with the arrival of other good news. Six years later, Bitcoin has crossed $100,000 per unit, and the whole crypto market capitalization is over $3 trillion. Of course, we can’t say that all coins have survived their own bubbles. Terra (LUNA) and the FTX Token (FTT) are examples that never recovered from big crashes. In the end, it all depends on the valuable features (or not) offered by a certain crypto ecosystem and the support of its community. For its part, Obyte, founded in 2016, has been resilient to economic bubbles due to its focus on decentralization and utility over speculative hype. Its DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) structure eliminates the need for middlemen and offers an efficient, low-cost network. Obyte doesn’t rely on energy-intensive mining or validator rewards, minimizing dependency on volatile token economics. Its real-world use cases, such as data verification and decentralized finance, further establish its value in utility rather than speculation. This way, Obyte is building a truly decentralized future! Featured Vector Image by WangXiNa / Freepik Let’s start by saying that determining the “real” value of an asset isn’t easy, and the free market, made up of people with quite subjective views, isn’t always helpful —sometimes, quite the opposite. If enough people believe, for any reason (imaginary or not), that a certain asset’s price will go to the moon and start buying massively, then it could happen. The problem comes when those same people start to panic because it’s never enough. That’s the moment when we have economic bubbles. This type of “bubble” occurs when the price of something, like houses, stocks, or any other asset, rises much higher than its ‘actual’ value because of too much buying, often leading to a sudden crash . Just like inflating a balloon until, logically, it bursts. Now, even if it’s difficult to determine the ‘actual’ value of something, there are some common-sense pointers. For instance, do you believe that a single tulip bulb (the flower, yes) could buy 12 acres of land? Because it’s happened. This type of “bubble” occurs when the price of something, like houses, stocks, or any other asset, rises much higher than its ‘actual’ value because of too much buying, often leading to a sudden crash (In)Famous Financial Bubbles Economic bubbles often lead to fascinating yet devastating stories of market collapse. One of the earliest examples is the Dutch Tulip Mania of 1637. In the Netherlands, tulips became highly coveted, and prices for their bulbs soared due to speculation. Some bulbs were sold for the price of lands and houses, but in February 1637, the market collapsed almost overnight, leaving many investors bankrupt. This event is a classic example of speculative mania and its consequences, though its impact on the broader Dutch economy remains debated. Economic bubbles Economic bubbles A closer example to all of us is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. This one centered around the rapid rise of Internet-based companies . Investors poured money into businesses simply because they were labeled as ".com," leading to wildly overvalued stock prices. By 2000, the bubble burst when these companies failed to deliver profits, and the Nasdaq index (the stock market) fell by over 78%. Many firms, like Pets.com, went bankrupt, though others like Amazon and Google emerged stronger. A closer example to all of us is the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. This one centered around the rapid rise of Internet-based companies There are more severe bubbles, though. The U.S. housing bubble in the 2000s was a major factor that led to the 2008 economic crisis. As property values rose, banks offered risky subprime mortgages (loans to borrowers with poor credit). When home prices began to decline in 2007, many borrowers defaulted, triggering a financial crisis that led to the Great Recession. This collapse caused widespread economic fallout, with millions losing their homes and jobs. It also spurred stricter financial regulations to prevent a similar disaster. Cryptocurrency Bubbles Someone will try to tell you that cryptocurrencies are economic bubbles, but that’s not true. They’re a new type of asset, and, as such, determining their ‘real’ or ‘intrinsic’ value has been a wild ride. Cryptocurrencies aren’t financial bubbles themselves, but they can suffer from financial bubbles. And they have, indeed, suffered from some big bubbles over the years. Cryptocurrencies aren’t financial bubbles themselves, but they can suffer from financial bubbles. And they have, indeed, suffered from some big bubbles over the years. For instance, 2017 is very well remembered by all crypto users. In December of that year, cryptocurrency values, led by Bitcoin, skyrocketed to unprecedented highs, with Bitcoin nearing $20,000. By early 2018, panic selling, fraud, and hacks caused prices to plummet. By year’s end, Bitcoin lost 80% of its value, sinking below $4,000, and most other cryptocurrencies followed, marking one of the largest market collapses in history. The crypto market is quite resilient, though, and it recovered eventually —when the panic and pessimism faded and with the arrival of other good news . Six years later, Bitcoin has crossed $100,000 per unit, and the whole crypto market capitalization is over $3 trillion. Of course, we can’t say that all coins have survived their own bubbles. The crypto market is quite resilient, though, and it recovered eventually —when the panic and pessimism faded and with the arrival of other good news all Terra (LUNA) and the FTX Token (FTT) are examples that never recovered from big crashes . In the end, it all depends on the valuable features (or not) offered by a certain crypto ecosystem and the support of its community. from big crashes from big crashes For its part, Obyte , founded in 2016, has been resilient to economic bubbles due to its focus on decentralization and utility over speculative hype. Its DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) structure eliminates the need for middlemen and offers an efficient, low-cost network. Obyte doesn’t rely on energy-intensive mining or validator rewards, minimizing dependency on volatile token economics. Obyte Obyte Its real-world use cases, such as data verification and decentralized finance, further establish its value in utility rather than speculation. This way, Obyte is building a truly decentralized future! Featured Vector Image by WangXiNa / Freepik Featured Vector Image by WangXiNa / Freepik Freepik Freepik

Educational Byte: What Is an Economic Bubble and How Does It Affect Crypto?

Byte Educativo: ¿Kunas Burbuja Económica ukat Kunjamas Cripto ukarux jan walt’ayi?

Təhsil Baytı: İqtisadi Bubble nədir və Kriptoya necə təsir edir?

Obrazovni bajt: Šta je ekonomski balon i kako utiče na kripto?

Byte educativo: ¿Qué es una burbuja económica y cómo afecta a las criptomonedas?

Byte educativo: que é unha burbulla económica e como afecta a criptografía?

Educational Byte: Apa itu Gelembung Ekonomi dan Bagaimana Pengaruhnya terhadap Kripto?

教育バイト: 経済バブルとは何か、そしてそれは暗号通貨にどのような影響を与えるのか?

საგანმანათლებლო ბაიტი: რა არის ეკონომიკური ბუშტი და როგორ მოქმედებს ის კრიპტოზე?

교육 바이트: 경제적 거품이란 무엇이고 암호화폐에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?

Vzdelávací bajt: Čo je to ekonomická bublina a ako to ovplyvňuje krypto?

I-Byte yeMfundo: Yintoni iBubble yezoQoqosho kwaye iyichaphazela njani i-Crypto?

I-Byte Yezemfundo: Iyini Ibhamuza Lezomnotho Futhi Liyithinta Kanjani I-Crypto?

Minder AI Structured Interactive Language - A New Frontier Open Standard

Even though cryptocurrencies have given rise to new opportunities for both, scammers and hackers continue to operate with very different methods (and targets). It’s easy to imagine an ordinary person being scammed. Probably, you can say that your aunt, cousin, friend, or even yourself were affected. On the other hand, the idea of ​​an individual being “hacked” seems strange, and instead, it’s more logical to think of hackers targeting small and large businesses. Do you know why this happens? Well, not every predator out there eats the same prey. Sometimes, volume matters, some other times, ‘quality’ is what matters. They’re on the lookout for different victims because they have different skills and resources for hunting. Let’s learn more about this. Scammers vs. Hackers Scammers rely on social engineering, which means they exploit human psychology to manipulate their targets. Their victims are often everyday individuals who may not be particularly tech-savvy but are susceptible to persuasive language or emotional appeals. These criminals use charm and storytelling to build trust, promising easy money or exclusive opportunities, which entices their victims to lower their guard. This makes the average person, especially someone who isn’t well-versed in how financial systems or cryptocurrencies work, the perfect target for scams. They don’t even need to understand technology deeply, just know how to convince people to part with their money. This is why it’s so important to ask a lot of questions and research everything, every time. On the other hand, hackers generally pursue more lucrative or technically challenging targets, like corporations or financial institutions, because their skills are focused on breaching systems rather than persuading individuals. Hackers typically have strong technical expertise, knowing how to exploit vulnerabilities in software or networks to gain unauthorized access. This requires time, patience, and precision, as their goal is often large-scale theft or disruption. While some hackers may dabble in phishing, most of their attacks aim for significant financial gain, and thus, they target businesses that hold valuable data or assets. Both groups, however, share a common thread: they exploit weaknesses. Scammers focus on human weaknesses, like trust and lack of knowledge, while hackers concentrate on system vulnerabilities. However, in essence, social engineering and technical hacking are two sides of the same coin, both leveraging different kinds of gaps to achieve their malicious objectives. Common Attacks (Against Common Folks) Common crypto scams targeting everyday people usually play on the promise of easy wealth. One of the most prevalent scams involves fraudulent investment schemes. These scams lure victims with promises of high returns on small investments, often through fake trading platforms or “get rich quick” opportunities. Victims are encouraged to deposit their cryptocurrency with the scammer, who vanishes once the money is transferred. The appeal lies in the simplicity: invest a small amount and watch it grow exponentially—except the growth is a complete fabrication. Another frequent vector of attack is phishing, where scammers create fake websites or send emails that closely mimic legitimate crypto exchanges or wallets. Victims unknowingly enter their login details, allowing scammers to steal their funds. Phishing scams are especially dangerous because they rely on minor differences in URLs or website appearances, which are easy to overlook. Even cautious users can fall victim to these types of attacks, especially when they’re in a rush or under pressure. Fake giveaways and impersonation scams are also rampant. Scammers pose as well-known figures in the crypto world, often on social media, promising to double or triple any crypto sent to them as part of a “promotion” or “giveaway.” People, eager for free money, send their funds only to realize they’ve been tricked. These scams prey on greed and excitement, making them highly effective against a broad audience. There are other, more complex strategies, but that’s for another story. The Ideal Target for Scammers Crypto scammers often target individuals who have limited knowledge about cryptocurrency but are eager to profit from its rapid growth. These victims may not fully understand how Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) or digital wallets work, making them more susceptible to fraudulent schemes. They capitalize on this lack of understanding by presenting offers that seem too good to pass up, such as guaranteed returns or low-risk investment opportunities. People unfamiliar with the volatility of crypto markets may fall for these promises, not realizing that legitimate investments rarely guarantee profits. Another ideal target for crypto scammers is someone who is easily influenced by social proof or endorsements. This group includes individuals who trust recommendations from influencers, celebrities, or even friends without thoroughly researching the platforms or offers being promoted. Scammers exploit this by impersonating well-known figures or creating fake testimonials to make their schemes appear credible. The fear of missing out (FOMO) drives many people to invest without conducting proper due diligence, which plays directly into the scammer’s hands. Additionally, people with a strong desire for quick financial gains, especially during economic uncertainty, are prime targets. These individuals may be more willing to take risks, making them vulnerable to scams like Ponzi schemes or fake ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings). They often ignore red flags in their pursuit of fast returns, assuming they can cash out before the scam collapses. Their impatience and desire for immediate profit make them easy prey for scammers who promise instant rewards with minimal effort. Become a Difficult Prey Despite the varying levels of knowledge, anyone can fall victim to a crypto scam, even those who consider themselves tech-savvy or experienced in cryptocurrency. Scammers often use sophisticated tactics, which can trick even the most cautious individuals. For example, an expert could unknowingly access a fake version of a legitimate crypto exchange or wallet due to a cleverly disguised phishing link, entering their private keys or credentials into a malicious website. No one is completely immune, as scams evolve constantly to exploit human error or momentary lapses in judgment. We can only aspire to be difficult prey. To become one, there are several key protection measures to follow: Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts. In Obyte wallets, you can do this by creating a multidevice account from the Global Settings. Before using any crypto exchange (especially if it’s centralized), check if the team of the coin you’re trading has listed it or mentioned it on its official channels. For instance, Obyte mentions GBYTE Exchanges on its official website. Double-check URLs and email addresses for subtle irregularities. If you suspect that an email or website may not be legitimate, it’s likely a scam. Absolutely avoid sharing your private keys or their equivalents, such as seed words, with anyone. Private keys are called private because they must be private. Keep this irreplaceable data in a safe place. Research investment opportunities thoroughly, avoiding those with guaranteed returns. Never take something at face value; always do your own research. Read all you can about how everything in crypto works and how to recognize bad and good signs. This could save you some serious headaches later. Stay informed about the latest scam tactics to recognize them early. Featured Vector Image by Freepik Even though cryptocurrencies have given rise to new opportunities for both, scammers and hackers continue to operate with very different methods (and targets). It’s easy to imagine an ordinary person being scammed. Probably, you can say that your aunt, cousin, friend, or even yourself were affected. On the other hand, the idea of ​​an individual being “hacked” seems strange, and instead, it’s more logical to think of hackers targeting small and large businesses. Do you know why this happens? Well, not every predator out there eats the same prey. Sometimes, volume matters, some other times, ‘quality’ is what matters. They’re on the lookout for different victims because they have different skills and resources for hunting. Let’s learn more about this. Scammers vs. Hackers Scammers rely on social engineering, which means they exploit human psychology to manipulate their targets. Their victims are often everyday individuals who may not be particularly tech-savvy but are susceptible to persuasive language or emotional appeals. These criminals use charm and storytelling to build trust, promising easy money or exclusive opportunities, which entices their victims to lower their guard. Scammers rely on social engineering, which means they exploit human psychology to manipulate their targets. This makes the average person, especially someone who isn’t well-versed in how financial systems or cryptocurrencies work, the perfect target for scams. They don’t even need to understand technology deeply, just know how to convince people to part with their money. This is why it’s so important to ask a lot of questions and research everything, every time. On the other hand, hackers generally pursue more lucrative or technically challenging targets, like corporations or financial institutions, because their skills are focused on breaching systems rather than persuading individuals. Hackers typically have strong technical expertise, knowing how to exploit vulnerabilities in software or networks to gain unauthorized access. This requires time, patience, and precision, as their goal is often large-scale theft or disruption . While some hackers may dabble in phishing, most of their attacks aim for significant financial gain, and thus, they target businesses that hold valuable data or assets. This requires time, patience, and precision, as their goal is often large-scale theft or disruption Both groups, however, share a common thread: they exploit weaknesses. Scammers focus on human weaknesses, like trust and lack of knowledge, while hackers concentrate on system vulnerabilities. However, in essence, social engineering and technical hacking are two sides of the same coin, both leveraging different kinds of gaps to achieve their malicious objectives. Common Attacks (Against Common Folks) Common crypto scams targeting everyday people usually play on the promise of easy wealth. One of the most prevalent scams involves fraudulent investment schemes. These scams lure victims with promises of high returns on small investments, often through fake trading platforms or “get rich quick” opportunities. Victims are encouraged to deposit their cryptocurrency with the scammer, who vanishes once the money is transferred. The appeal lies in the simplicity: invest a small amount and watch it grow exponentially—except the growth is a complete fabrication. Common crypto scams Common crypto scams Another frequent vector of attack is phishing, where scammers create fake websites or send emails that closely mimic legitimate crypto exchanges or wallets. Victims unknowingly enter their login details, allowing scammers to steal their funds. Another frequent vector of attack is phishing, where scammers create fake websites or send emails that closely mimic legitimate crypto exchanges or wallets. Phishing scams are especially dangerous because they rely on minor differences in URLs or website appearances, which are easy to overlook. Even cautious users can fall victim to these types of attacks, especially when they’re in a rush or under pressure. Fake giveaways and impersonation scams are also rampant. Scammers pose as well-known figures in the crypto world, often on social media, promising to double or triple any crypto sent to them as part of a “promotion” or “giveaway.” People, eager for free money, send their funds only to realize they’ve been tricked. These scams prey on greed and excitement, making them highly effective against a broad audience. There are other, more complex strategies, but that’s for another story . another story another story The Ideal Target for Scammers Crypto scammers often target individuals who have limited knowledge about cryptocurrency but are eager to profit from its rapid growth. These victims may not fully understand how Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) or digital wallets work, making them more susceptible to fraudulent schemes. They capitalize on this lack of understanding by presenting offers that seem too good to pass up, such as guaranteed returns or low-risk investment opportunities. People unfamiliar with the volatility of crypto markets may fall for these promises, not realizing that legitimate investments rarely guarantee profits. Distributed Ledger Technology Distributed Ledger Technology Another ideal target for crypto scammers is someone who is easily influenced by social proof or endorsements. This group includes individuals who trust recommendations from influencers, celebrities, or even friends without thoroughly researching the platforms or offers being promoted. Scammers exploit this by impersonating well-known figures or creating fake testimonials to make their schemes appear credible. The fear of missing out (FOMO) drives many people to invest without conducting proper due diligence, which plays directly into the scammer’s hands. Another ideal target for crypto scammers is someone who is easily influenced by social proof or endorsements. Additionally, people with a strong desire for quick financial gains, especially during economic uncertainty, are prime targets. These individuals may be more willing to take risks, making them vulnerable to scams like Ponzi schemes or fake ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings). They often ignore red flags in their pursuit of fast returns, assuming they can cash out before the scam collapses. Their impatience and desire for immediate profit make them easy prey for scammers who promise instant rewards with minimal effort. Become a Difficult Prey Despite the varying levels of knowledge, anyone can fall victim to a crypto scam, even those who consider themselves tech-savvy or experienced in cryptocurrency. Scammers often use sophisticated tactics, which can trick even the most cautious individuals. For example, an expert could unknowingly access a fake version of a legitimate crypto exchange or wallet due to a cleverly disguised phishing link, entering their private keys or credentials into a malicious website. No one is completely immune, as scams evolve constantly to exploit human error or momentary lapses in judgment. We can only aspire to be difficult prey. To become one, there are several key protection measures to follow: Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts. In Obyte wallets, you can do this by creating a multidevice account from the Global Settings. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts. In Obyte wallets, you can do this by creating a multidevice account from the Global Settings. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts. In Obyte wallets , you can do this by creating a multidevice account from the Global Settings. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all accounts. Obyte wallets Obyte wallets Before using any crypto exchange (especially if it’s centralized), check if the team of the coin you’re trading has listed it or mentioned it on its official channels. For instance, Obyte mentions GBYTE Exchanges on its official website. Before using any crypto exchange (especially if it’s centralized), check if the team of the coin you’re trading has listed it or mentioned it on its official channels . For instance, Obyte mentions GBYTE Exchanges on its official website. check if the team of the coin you’re trading has listed it or mentioned it on its official channels Obyte Obyte Double-check URLs and email addresses for subtle irregularities. If you suspect that an email or website may not be legitimate, it’s likely a scam. Double-check URLs and email addresses for subtle irregularities. If you suspect that an email or website may not be legitimate, it’s likely a scam. Double-check URLs and email addresses for subtle irregularities. Absolutely avoid sharing your private keys or their equivalents, such as seed words, with anyone. Private keys are called private because they must be private. Keep this irreplaceable data in a safe place. Absolutely avoid sharing your private keys or their equivalents, such as seed words, with anyone . Private keys are called private because they must be private. Keep this irreplaceable data in a safe place. Absolutely avoid sharing your private keys or their equivalents, such as seed words, with anyone Private keys Private keys Research investment opportunities thoroughly, avoiding those with guaranteed returns. Never take something at face value; always do your own research. Research investment opportunities thoroughly, avoiding those with guaranteed returns. Never take something at face value; always do your own research. Research investment opportunities thoroughly, avoiding those with guaranteed returns. Read all you can about how everything in crypto works and how to recognize bad and good signs. This could save you some serious headaches later. Read all you can about how everything in crypto works and how to recognize bad and good signs . This could save you some serious headaches later. Read all you can about how everything in crypto works and how to recognize bad and good signs how to recognize how to recognize Stay informed about the latest scam tactics to recognize them early. Stay informed about the latest scam tactics to recognize them early. Featured Vector Image by Freepik Featured Vector Image by Freepik Freepik Freepik

Why Are Crypto Scammers (And Not Hackers) Looking For You?

¿Por qué los estafadores de criptomonedas (y no los piratas informáticos) te buscan?

Por que os estafadores criptográficos (e non os hackers) buscan por ti?

Poukisa Crypto SCAMMERS (Epi pa Hackers) ap chèche ou?

Miért keresnek téged a kriptográfiai csalók (és nem a hackerek)?

なぜ暗号詐欺師（ハッカーではない）があなたを探しているのでしょうか?

ហេតុអ្វីបានជា Crypto Scammers (និងមិនមែនជាពួក Hacker) ស្វែងរកអ្នក?

ເປັນຫຍັງ Crypto Scammers (ແລະບໍ່ແມ່ນແຮກເກີ) ຊອກຫາທ່ານ?

Dlaczego oszuści kryptowalutowi (a nie hakerzy) Cię szukają?

ولې کریپټو سکیمر (او هیکران نه) ستاسو په لټه کې دي؟

Почему вас ищут криптомонетарии (а не хакеры)?

Зашто вас траже крипто преваранти (а не хакери)?

Tại sao kẻ lừa đảo tiền điện tử (chứ không phải tin tặc) lại tìm kiếm bạn?

Spam usually refers to email spam, which involves receiving unwanted messages like junk emails or annoying texts, often sent in bulk to advertise or trick people. Of course, those unwanted emails could revolve around the cryptocurrency topic, but that’s not the spam we’re going to explore here. Instead, we’re going for the equivalent inside the various crypto networks, per se. In our case, we’re referring to transactions, instead of messages. Sometimes, certain crypto users, malicious or not, could send transactions in bulk to the network, making it slower and impeding other transactions going through. So, we can say that spam transactions are unnecessary or inefficient actions that strain the system, whether intentionally or by mistake. Spammers might aim to slow down the network, overwhelm mempools (where unconfirmed transactions wait to be processed), or broadcast unwanted content. For instance, attackers might flood a chain with very low-fee transactions to create backlogs or send meaningless payments between their own accounts to waste resources. That’s a spam attack, and crypto networks have developed some tools to defend against it. Spam Shields in Crypto Likely, the most common method to protect against spam transactions involves using transaction fees to discourage unnecessary activity. For example, Bitcoin prioritizes transactions with higher fees, making spamming expensive and unsustainable. This system allows the network to focus on more valuable actions while giving users flexibility—lower fees mean longer wait times, but their transactions still get processed eventually. However, this can make frequent or large-scale usage costly, especially for businesses handling many payments. Another way to address spam and high demand is by improving their transaction capacity. Networks with higher throughput or larger block sizes can handle more activity without becoming overwhelmed —up to a point, at least. For example, Ethereum 2.0, with its transition to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and sharding, aims to significantly increase its transaction capacity, allowing it to process many more transactions per second than its previous version, reducing the risk of congestion and spam. However, even with these upgrades, high demand or spam attacks can still cause delays if the network is pushed to its limits. An additional technique focuses on the source of transactions. Networks like Kin and NEO prioritize activity from verified entities or users linked to trusted services, reducing spam at its origin. While this method can ensure smooth operations for priority users, it might introduce fairness concerns, as non-verified users may face restrictions or delays during spam attacks. Spam Protection in Obyte In its latest upgrade, Obyte has introduced two powerful mechanisms to protect the network from spam attacks. The first one focuses on defending against large transactions that could overwhelm the network. In simple terms, when a transaction exceeds a certain size (10 kB), an additional fee (called oversize fee) kicks in, making it exponentially more expensive as the transaction size grows. This fee, which is burned (removed from circulation), makes it costly for malicious actors to flood the network with excessively large transactions, ensuring the system remains stable and decentralized without putting excessive strain on full nodes. The second mechanism addresses the risk of too many small transactions overwhelming the network. In Obyte, every transaction needs to be processed by all full nodes, so sending a high volume of transactions could slow things down or even disrupt the network. To prevent this, we introduced a fee structure that increases exponentially as the transaction rate (transactions per second) rises. This ensures that if too many transactions are being sent, spammers will face higher costs. In order not to kill the legitimate uses of the network that still require large amounts of data, we introduced an additional feature that allows posting temporary data on the Obyte network without the oversize fee.  This makes it possible to verify large amounts of data without high fees. The temporary data is stored on the DAG for just one day, and after that, it’s removed, but a hash of the data remains to verify its authenticity. This prevents spam attacks while keeping the storage burden manageable for nodes. Together, these new features ensure that Obyte's network can handle all kinds of spam attacks effectively. They provide an efficient way to maintain decentralization and stability by adjusting fees according to the size and frequency of transactions while offering an alternative to high fees through temporary data. As of now, Obyte is more decentralized and secure than ever before. Featured Vector Image by Freepik Spam usually refers to email spam, which involves receiving unwanted messages like junk emails or annoying texts, often sent in bulk to advertise or trick people. Of course, those unwanted emails could revolve around the cryptocurrency topic, but that’s not the spam we’re going to explore here. Instead, we’re going for the equivalent inside the various crypto networks, per se. inside In our case, we’re referring to transactions, instead of messages. Sometimes, certain crypto users, malicious or not, could send transactions in bulk to the network, making it slower and impeding other transactions going through. So, we can say that spam transactions are unnecessary or inefficient actions that strain the system, whether intentionally or by mistake. Sometimes, certain crypto users, malicious or not, could send transactions in bulk to the network, making it slower and impeding other transactions going through. Spammers might aim to slow down the network, overwhelm mempools (where unconfirmed transactions wait to be processed), or broadcast unwanted content. For instance, attackers might flood a chain with very low-fee transactions to create backlogs or send meaningless payments between their own accounts to waste resources. That’s a spam attack, and crypto networks have developed some tools to defend against it. Spam Shields in Crypto Likely, the most common method to protect against spam transactions involves using transaction fees to discourage unnecessary activity. For example, Bitcoin prioritizes transactions with higher fees, making spamming expensive and unsustainable. This system allows the network to focus on more valuable actions while giving users flexibility—lower fees mean longer wait times, but their transactions still get processed eventually. However, this can make frequent or large-scale usage costly, especially for businesses handling many payments. Another way to address spam and high demand is by improving their transaction capacity . Networks with higher throughput or larger block sizes can handle more activity without becoming overwhelmed —up to a point, at least. Another way to address spam and high demand is by improving their transaction capacity For example, Ethereum 2.0, with its transition to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and sharding, aims to significantly increase its transaction capacity, allowing it to process many more transactions per second than its previous version, reducing the risk of congestion and spam. However, even with these upgrades, high demand or spam attacks can still cause delays if the network is pushed to its limits. An additional technique focuses on the source of transactions. Networks like Kin and NEO prioritize activity from verified entities or users linked to trusted services, reducing spam at its origin. Networks like Networks like While this method can ensure smooth operations for priority users, it might introduce fairness concerns, as non-verified users may face restrictions or delays during spam attacks. Spam Protection in Obyte In its latest upgrade, Obyte has introduced two powerful mechanisms to protect the network from spam attacks. The first one focuses on defending against large transactions that could overwhelm the network. In simple terms, when a transaction exceeds a certain size (10 kB), an additional fee (called oversize fee) kicks in, making it exponentially more expensive as the transaction size grows . Obyte Obyte In simple terms, when a transaction exceeds a certain size (10 kB), an additional fee (called oversize fee) kicks in, making it exponentially more expensive as the transaction size grows This fee, which is burned (removed from circulation), makes it costly for malicious actors to flood the network with excessively large transactions, ensuring the system remains stable and decentralized without putting excessive strain on full nodes. The second mechanism addresses the risk of too many small transactions overwhelming the network. In Obyte, every transaction needs to be processed by all full nodes, so sending a high volume of transactions could slow things down or even disrupt the network. To prevent this, we introduced a fee structure that increases exponentially as the transaction rate (transactions per second) rises. This ensures that if too many transactions are being sent, spammers will face higher costs. In order not to kill the legitimate uses of the network that still require large amounts of data, we introduced an additional feature that allows posting temporary data on the Obyte network without the oversize fee. This makes it possible to verify large amounts of data without high fees. The temporary data is stored on the DAG for just one day, and after that, it’s removed, but a hash of the data remains to verify its authenticity. This prevents spam attacks while keeping the storage burden manageable for nodes. In order not to kill the legitimate uses of the network that still require large amounts of data, we introduced an additional feature that allows posting temporary data on the Obyte network without the oversize fee. the DAG the DAG Together, these new features ensure that Obyte's network can handle all kinds of spam attacks effectively. They provide an efficient way to maintain decentralization and stability by adjusting fees according to the size and frequency of transactions while offering an alternative to high fees through temporary data. As of now, Obyte is more decentralized and secure than ever before. these new features these new features Featured Vector Image by Freepik Featured Vector Image by Freepik Freepik Freepik

Educational Byte: Spam Protection in Crypto Networks

Εκπαιδευτικό Byte: Προστασία από ανεπιθύμητα μηνύματα σε δίκτυα κρυπτογράφησης

Byte educativo: Protección contra spam en redes criptográficas

Educational Byte: Protezione antispam nelle reti crittografiche

Byte חינוכי: הגנה מפני דואר זבל ברשתות קריפטו

教育バイト: 暗号ネットワークにおけるスパム対策

បៃនៃការអប់រំ៖ ការការពារសារឥតបានការនៅក្នុងបណ្តាញគ្រីបតូ

Боловсролын байт: Крипто сүлжээн дэх спамаас хамгаалах

Образовательный байт: Защита от спама в криптосетях

Dzidzo Byte: Dziviriro yeSpam muCrypto Networks

Byte edukative: Mbrojtja e spamit në Rrjetet Kripto

Образовни бајт: Заштита од нежељене поште у крипто мрежама

Utbildningsbyte: Skräppostskydd i kryptonätverk

Author Your Own Adventure With These 5 Must-Try Free Tools

በእነዚህ 5 መሞከር ያለባቸው የነጻ መሳሪያዎች የራስዎን ጀብዱ ያዘጋጁ

ابدأ مغامرتك الخاصة باستخدام هذه الأدوات الخمس المجانية التي يجب عليك تجربتها

Crea tu propia aventura con estas 5 herramientas gratuitas que debes probar

Crea la tua avventura con questi 5 strumenti gratuiti da provare assolutamente

ぜひ試していただきたい 5 つの無料ツールで、自分だけの冒険を創ってみましょう

Ngwala Adventure ya gago ka noši ka Didirišwa tše tše 5 tšeo o swanetšego go di leka tša mahala

Crie sua própria aventura com estas 5 ferramentas gratuitas que você precisa experimentar

Andika ibyawe bwite hamwe nibi 5 bigomba-kugerageza ibikoresho byubusa

Författare ditt eget äventyr med dessa 5 måste-prova gratis verktyg

இந்த 5 இலவச கருவிகள் மூலம் உங்கள் சொந்த சாகசத்தை எழுதுங்கள்

Tạo nên cuộc phiêu lưu của riêng bạn với 5 công cụ miễn phí phải thử này

使用这 5 个必试的免费工具创作您自己的冒险

In this article, I will show you how you can test a restful “Get” method using the Robot Framework. If you are new to Robot Framework, please read the doc from the website to find out the setup guide. You can install Robot Framework using “pip install robotframework” in your command line. Please note that you must install pip on your system before running this command. To write test cases in Robot Framework, you should create a file with .robot extension, then you can write your scenario in the file to be run. Each .robot file usually contains three main parts: Settings, Variables, and Test cases like the below image. In settings, you can import the libraries, suit setup, and documentation. In the variables part, you can put your variables, and the scenarios are written in the test cases section. To test a simple Get request, we should import “RequestsLibrary” in settings because we want to make a request. In test cases, first, we should define a keyword for our test scenario, and then we should write the test steps in the keyword’s scope. See the picture below: Let’s automate a simple Get request together. Suppose we want to write a test case for the following curl. This test case will call the endpoint and assert whether: 1- The endpoint responds with 200.

2- The response body contains “Google“ word.

3- The value of Content-Type is “application/json” in response headers. curl --location 'https://api.restful-api.dev/objects' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '' This is a simple request that returns some mobile names like the below picture: In this step, I am going to write a Robot Framework code to call the API and assert the response. First, I define a variable to hold the base address of the API. Second, I put the URI of the API in another variable. You may ask why I put the URI in another variable. You will get your answer in the creating get request step. As I mentioned earlier, it it important to choose a name for our keyword. I choose get_request for the keyword part and then write the codes in the keyword’s scope. To create a restful request, we should establish a session first. Robot Framework has a built-in function to establish a session, it is “Create Session”: Create Session    session_name    ${base_address} Then we can make a get request by using “Get Request“ built-in function: Get Request    session_name      ${uri} Get Request is a built-in function in Robot Framework that gets at least two arguments. This is why I put the URI in a separate variable. The code above calls the API and gets the response, so we must hold the response in a variable like: ${resp}=    Get Request    session_name     ${uri} Going through the steps that I have mentioned so far, will make get request, call the API, and save the response in the “resp” variable. Now we have the response and are ready to do assertions. One of the assertions in Robot Framework is “Should Be Equal“ built-in function. It gets two arguments and compares them. If they are the same, the assertion will return true. Should Be Equal    ${resp.status_code}    200 Note that integers in Robot Framework are considered as strings and ${resp.status_code} is returned as an integer. For example, in the code line above, 200 is an integer but Robot Framework considers it as a string so you should convert ${resp.status_code} to a string to compare it with 200. The built-in function for converting an integer to a string is “Convert To String“. Through the response of the API, we can get the response headers and response body by ${resp.headers} and ${resp.content} respectively. Once you have the body of the response and the headers of the response, you can assert them as well. For instance, suppose you want to check whether the response body contains a specific word “x“. It is possible to make this assertion by using a built-in function “Should Contain“. Should Contain    ${resp.content}    x Please note that ${resp.content} is the body of the response in bytes, so you should convert the word “x“ to byte to do the assertion. The built-in function for converting to byte is “Convert To Bytes“. To assert the headers, we should capture all headers from the response. ${resp.headers} will capture all response headers as a dictionary. As a result, to assert a specific value, we should get the value from the headers dictionary by using the key(we know that the dictionary holds keys and the related values; we can access any value by the related key). This can be done by “Get From Dictionary“ built-in function. ${content_type_value}=    Get From Dictionary     ${resp.headers}     Content-Type Now we have the value of Content-Type header and we can assert it. Should Be Equal    ${content_type_value}    application/json In the picture below, you can see all the assertions at a glance. Resources: https://restful-api.dev/ https://robotframework.org/ Image header: by brgfx on freepik In this article, I will show you how you can test a restful “Get” method using the Robot Framework. If you are new to Robot Framework, please read the doc from the website to find out the setup guide. You can install Robot Framework using “pip install robotframework” in your command line. Please note that you must install pip on your system before running this command. doc To write test cases in Robot Framework, you should create a file with .robot extension, then you can write your scenario in the file to be run. Each .robot file usually contains three main parts: Settings, Variables, and Test cases like the below image. In settings, you can import the libraries, suit setup, and documentation. In the variables part, you can put your variables, and the scenarios are written in the test cases section. To test a simple Get request, we should import “RequestsLibrary” in settings because we want to make a request. In test cases, first, we should define a keyword for our test scenario, and then we should write the test steps in the keyword’s scope. See the picture below: Let’s automate a simple Get request together. Suppose we want to write a test case for the following curl. This test case will call the endpoint and assert whether: 1- The endpoint responds with 200.

2- The response body contains “Google“ word.

3- The value of Content-Type is “application/json” in response headers. 1- The endpoint responds with 200.

2- The response body contains “Google“ word.

3- The value of Content-Type is “application/json” in response headers. curl --location 'https://api.restful-api.dev/objects' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '' This is a simple request that returns some mobile names like the below picture: In this step, I am going to write a Robot Framework code to call the API and assert the response. First, I define a variable to hold the base address of the API. Second, I put the URI of the API in another variable. You may ask why I put the URI in another variable. You will get your answer in the creating get request step. As I mentioned earlier, it it important to choose a name for our keyword. I choose get_request for the keyword part and then write the codes in the keyword’s scope. To create a restful request, we should establish a session first. Robot Framework has a built-in function to establish a session, it is “Create Session”: Create Session    session_name    ${base_address} Create Session    session_name    ${base_address} Then we can make a get request by using “Get Request“ built-in function: Get Request    session_name      ${uri} Get Request    session_name      ${uri} Get Request is a built-in function in Robot Framework that gets at least two arguments. This is why I put the URI in a separate variable. The code above calls the API and gets the response, so we must hold the response in a variable like: ${resp}=    Get Request    session_name     ${uri} ${resp}=    Get Request    session_name     ${uri} Going through the steps that I have mentioned so far, will make get request, call the API, and save the response in the “resp” variable. Now we have the response and are ready to do assertions. One of the assertions in Robot Framework is “Should Be Equal“ built-in function. It gets two arguments and compares them. If they are the same, the assertion will return true. Should Be Equal    ${resp.status_code}    200 Should Be Equal    ${resp.status_code}    200 Note that integers in Robot Framework are considered as strings and ${resp.status_code} is returned as an integer. For example, in the code line above, 200 is an integer but Robot Framework considers it as a string so you should convert ${resp.status_code} to a string to compare it with 200. The built-in function for converting an integer to a string is “Convert To String“. Through the response of the API, we can get the response headers and response body by ${resp.headers} and ${resp.content} respectively. Once you have the body of the response and the headers of the response, you can assert them as well. For instance, suppose you want to check whether the response body contains a specific word “x“. It is possible to make this assertion by using a built-in function “Should Contain“. Should Contain    ${resp.content}    x Should Contain    ${resp.content}    x Please note that ${resp.content} is the body of the response in bytes, so you should convert the word “x“ to byte to do the assertion. The built-in function for converting to byte is “Convert To Bytes“. To assert the headers, we should capture all headers from the response. ${resp.headers} will capture all response headers as a dictionary. As a result, to assert a specific value, we should get the value from the headers dictionary by using the key(we know that the dictionary holds keys and the related values; we can access any value by the related key). This can be done by “Get From Dictionary“ built-in function. ${content_type_value}=    Get From Dictionary     ${resp.headers}     Content-Type ${content_type_value}=    Get From Dictionary     ${resp.headers}     Content-Type Now we have the value of Content-Type header and we can assert it. Should Be Equal    ${content_type_value}    application/json Should Be Equal    ${content_type_value}    application/json In the picture below, you can see all the assertions at a glance. Resources: https://restful-api.dev/ https://restful-api.dev/ https://robotframework.org/ https://robotframework.org/ Image header: by brgfx on freepik Image header: by brgfx on freepik brgfx

This Framework Lets You Test Your Rest-API With The Get Method

While testing software, you’ll often encounter the question; what can be done to improve test coverage? This task can be challenging, as the software evolves. New features might be added to the codebase, or existing code may change. Before discussing tips for improving test coverage, let’s first explore why striving for better coverage is valuable. Why test coverage is crucial In software testing, we try our best to ensure that the software is reliable, meets the requirements, and is of the maximum quality. Imagine your team released a project on production with an undetected bug, What would happen? it would affect the user’s experience and could cause user drop. In addition, fixing a bug after release is a headache for the team. Moreover, it could cause the system to undergo downtime and impose charges on the company. If we find the bug and fix it before the production release, we will roll out the feature more effectively. That is why we want to ensure the software is well-tested, leaving no stone unturned. Although releasing 100% bug-free software seems impossible, it’s our job to edge closer to 100%. Tips to enhance test coverage in software QA I have used some tips to improve the test coverage of the software that I am sharing with you: 1- Define what you want to achieve and how you will measure your success. For example, define devices or platforms you are going to run your tests on or test your software under different situations. 2- Design test cases based on requirements and risks. Requirements-based testing ensures that your tests cover the features and functions that the software should provide. Risk-based testing ensures that your tests cover the areas and scenarios that are most likely to cause failures or problems. 3- Use multiple types of tests such as E2E,  compatibility, sanity, and so on. 4- Review and update test cases regularly. This will help you to go through your test cases and update them based on the changes to the software. You can do this step on a scheduled basis or on demand. 5- Improve code coverage by leveraging unit tests. It is suggested to mix unit tests with other types of tests such as integration tests,. Let’s discuss these in more detail. Designing test cases You can use business documents, user stories, and product documents to find out what functionalities your software should have. As a result, you can write test cases based on all requirements. Try to see the software from the end user's perspective to know how the user interacts with the software and how they move through it. In addition, you should consider edge cases and boundaries. Apply technical documents and swagger files to keep track of risks and failure areas. For example, in a sign-in page like below: Suppose that when the user taps on the username, the keyboard opens with digits only. This means the user can enter only numbers in the username field. But, if the user enters strings, what happens? How will the server handle it? Does a string crash the server? This is an example of a risk/failure point. It should be considered in the swagger file how the server should respond when an invalid or undefined input arrives. As a result, by using swagger files you can detect the possible failure bugs. The flows of the software and the interactions between the server and databases are usually put in technical documents. By using technical documents, you can discover the flaws and risk points too. Using Multiple Tests There are numerous types of tests in the software QA, but I won’t explore all of them here—I’ll save that for a dedicated article on HackerNoon. Each testing type serves a unique purpose, targeting specific aspects of the software to ensure quality and reliability. For example, focusing solely on performance tests might leave other critical areas, like compatibility across different platforms or devices, unexamined. To truly cover all angles of your application, it’s essential to incorporate as many testing types as possible. Improving code coverage Code coverage is a metric that measures how much of your source code is tested. The question is - how can you measure your code coverage? The answer is simple; by leveraging code coverage tools. You may ask how a tool calculates the coverage. Well, some criteria will be used by the tool to determine what parts of your code were not run in your test suite. There are some common metrics such as function, statement, branches, condition, and line. The tool will go through the code and discover all available metrics in the code. The formula is simple; the percentage of code coverage = (the tested metrics/all metrics in code) * 100. The table below presents some popular code coverage tools based on the programming languages: Programming Language

Code Coverage Tool/Tools



Java

Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura



JavaScript

Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage



Ruby

SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover



Python

Coverage.py, pytest-cov



Golang

test-cover command (built-in)



PHP

PHPUnit



Kotlin

Cobertura, JaCoCo



C#

Coverlet, NCover, dotCover



C++

Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ Conclusion To sum up, is it challenging to reach 100% test coverage in the software QA area. The key is that besides using some tips to provide better action, we should monitor the behavior of the application and have an eye on the production to recognize the possible issues that our users raise. In this way, we can find out the missing scenarios and add the related tests to our systems. References https://about.codecov.io/blog/the-best-code-coverage-tools-by-programming-language/ https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/software-testing/code-coverage Image header: by vectorjuice on freepik While testing software, you’ll often encounter the question; what can be done to improve test coverage? This task can be challenging, as the software evolves. New features might be added to the codebase, or existing code may change. Before discussing tips for improving test coverage, let’s first explore why striving for better coverage is valuable. Why test coverage is crucial In software testing, we try our best to ensure that the software is reliable, meets the requirements, and is of the maximum quality. Imagine your team released a project on production with an undetected bug, What would happen? it would affect the user’s experience and could cause user drop. In addition, fixing a bug after release is a headache for the team. Moreover, it could cause the system to undergo downtime and impose charges on the company. If we find the bug and fix it before the production release, we will roll out the feature more effectively. That is why we want to ensure the software is well-tested, leaving no stone unturned. Although releasing 100% bug-free software seems impossible, it’s our job to edge closer to 100%. Tips to enhance test coverage in software QA I have used some tips to improve the test coverage of the software that I am sharing with you: I have used some tips to improve the test coverage of the software that I am sharing with you: 1- Define what you want to achieve and how you will measure your success. For example, define devices or platforms you are going to run your tests on or test your software under different situations. 2- Design test cases based on requirements and risks. Requirements-based testing ensures that your tests cover the features and functions that the software should provide. Risk-based testing ensures that your tests cover the areas and scenarios that are most likely to cause failures or problems. 3- Use multiple types of tests such as E2E,  compatibility, sanity, and so on. 4- Review and update test cases regularly. This will help you to go through your test cases and update them based on the changes to the software. You can do this step on a scheduled basis or on demand. 5- Improve code coverage by leveraging unit tests. It is suggested to mix unit tests with other types of tests such as integration tests,. Let’s discuss these in more detail. Designing test cases You can use business documents, user stories, and product documents to find out what functionalities your software should have. As a result, you can write test cases based on all requirements. Try to see the software from the end user's perspective to know how the user interacts with the software and how they move through it. In addition, you should consider edge cases and boundaries. Apply technical documents and swagger files to keep track of risks and failure areas. For example, in a sign-in page like below: For example, in a sign-in page like below: Suppose that when the user taps on the username, the keyboard opens with digits only. This means the user can enter only numbers in the username field. But, if the user enters strings, what happens? How will the server handle it? Does a string crash the server? This is an example of a risk/failure point. It should be considered in the swagger file how the server should respond when an invalid or undefined input arrives. As a result, by using swagger files you can detect the possible failure bugs. The flows of the software and the interactions between the server and databases are usually put in technical documents. By using technical documents, you can discover the flaws and risk points too. Using Multiple Tests There are numerous types of tests in the software QA, but I won’t explore all of them here—I’ll save that for a dedicated article on HackerNoon. Each testing type serves a unique purpose, targeting specific aspects of the software to ensure quality and reliability. For example, focusing solely on performance tests might leave other critical areas, like compatibility across different platforms or devices, unexamined. To truly cover all angles of your application, it’s essential to incorporate as many testing types as possible. Improving code coverage Code coverage is a metric that measures how much of your source code is tested. The question is - how can you measure your code coverage? The answer is simple; by leveraging code coverage tools. You may ask how a tool calculates the coverage. Well, some criteria will be used by the tool to determine what parts of your code were not run in your test suite. There are some common metrics such as function, statement, branches, condition, and line. The tool will go through the code and discover all available metrics in the code. The formula is simple; the percentage of code coverage = (the tested metrics/all metrics in code) * 100. The table below presents some popular code coverage tools based on the programming languages: Programming Language

Code Coverage Tool/Tools



Java

Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura



JavaScript

Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage



Ruby

SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover



Python

Coverage.py, pytest-cov



Golang

test-cover command (built-in)



PHP

PHPUnit



Kotlin

Cobertura, JaCoCo



C#

Coverlet, NCover, dotCover



C++

Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ Programming Language

Code Coverage Tool/Tools Java

Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura JavaScript

Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage Ruby

SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover Python

Coverage.py, pytest-cov Golang

test-cover command (built-in) PHP

PHPUnit Kotlin

Cobertura, JaCoCo C#

Coverlet, NCover, dotCover C++

Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ Programming Language Code Coverage Tool/Tools Programming Language Programming Language Code Coverage Tool/Tools Code Coverage Tool/Tools Java Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura Java Java Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura Jacoco, OpenClover, JCov, Cobertura JavaScript Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage JavaScript JavaScript Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage Istanbul, Blanket, jscoverage Ruby SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover Ruby Ruby SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover SimpleCov, undercover, DeepCover Python Coverage.py, pytest-cov Python Python Coverage.py, pytest-cov Coverage.py, pytest-cov Golang test-cover command (built-in) Golang Golang test-cover command (built-in) test-cover command (built-in) PHP PHPUnit PHP PHP PHPUnit PHPUnit Kotlin Cobertura, JaCoCo Kotlin Kotlin Cobertura, JaCoCo Cobertura, JaCoCo C# Coverlet, NCover, dotCover C# C# Coverlet, NCover, dotCover Coverlet, NCover, dotCover C++ Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ C++ C++ Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ Parasoft Jtest, Coco code coverage, Testwell CTC++ Conclusion Conclusion To sum up, is it challenging to reach 100% test coverage in the software QA area. The key is that besides using some tips to provide better action, we should monitor the behavior of the application and have an eye on the production to recognize the possible issues that our users raise. In this way, we can find out the missing scenarios and add the related tests to our systems. References References https://about.codecov.io/blog/the-best-code-coverage-tools-by-programming-language/ https://about.codecov.io/blog/the-best-code-coverage-tools-by-programming-language/ https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/software-testing/code-coverage https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/software-testing/code-coverage Image header: by vectorjuice on freepik Image header: by vectorjuice on freepik vectorjuice

Improving Test Coverage in Software QA

Especially in the context of cryptocurrencies, ‘governance’ is about making decisions about a certain platform, network, or coin. Since this is a decentralization-focused world, a governance model in which users’ voices are taken into account may be preferred by a lot of participants. Hence, the on-chain governance model was created. On-chain governance is a way for a community from a certain crypto network to make decisions directly on the system itself, using a transparent (and automatic) voting process. Instead of relying on outside groups or central authorities, token holders (or network participants) can vote on important updates, rules, or changes to the network or similar systems by submitting their votes through transactions on the chain. This voting is usually weighted by the amount of tokens each participant holds, meaning their influence matches their stake in the network. On-chain governance gives the community a decentralized way to help shape the future of their favorite platforms while keeping all decisions visible and secure. These platforms could include main chains, decentralized applications, and more.\ On-chain vs. Off-chain Governance Of course, on-chain governance isn’t the only way to make decisions in a crypto network. Off-chain governance, opposing the on-chain model, happens outside the network, often involving discussions and decisions among key developers, stakeholders, and community members. Examples include community forums, social media debates, and meetings between developers. While this allows for flexible and informal decision-making, it can lack transparency and might concentrate power among a few influential voices. Off-chain governance can be less structured, but it’s also sometimes faster to respond to urgent issues, as decisions don’t need to go through a formal voting process —at least not involving a high number of people. The people could be a risk factor, though. The implementation of off-chain governance decisions still involves people, and they might fail to do what is expected from them. For its part, on-chain governance has significant advantages when it comes to fairness and transparency. It allows for a more direct, decentralized approach, where decisions are logged and open for anyone to vote and verify. This model helps prevent centralized control and gives regular token holders real power in the network’s future. Its primary drawback could be that on-chain governance can be slow and costly due to network fees (depending on the network), and large stakeholders can sometimes have outsized influence. However, many platforms are working to make on-chain voting more accessible, helping ensure it remains a democratic process as the technology evolves. Besides, unlike off-chain governance, on-chain governance often incentivizes participants by offering rewards, such as tokens, for voting on proposals or contributing to discussions. These rewards encourage active engagement from the community, ensuring that more users participate in decision-making processes. On-chain Governance in Obyte Over the years, the Obyte ecosystem has offered several decentralized apps (Dapps) that have their own on-chain governance systems including governance tokens. These assets allow users to vote on essential decisions affecting a specific platform or pool inside of it, while being rewarded. By holding these tokens, community members can influence changes like fee structures and reward distributions, making their participation valuable and rewarding. For instance, the DEX Oswap.io has its own governance token, OSWAP. More recently, Obyte has introduced a robust on-chain governance system that enhances its decentralized structure. This allows the Obyte community to influence decisions regarding the main network parameters and the selection of Order Providers (OPs) —essential nodes that guide transaction ordering. A website for on-chain governance is now available to vote on parameters like OPs, Threshold Size (oversize fee trigger), Base TPS Fee (calculation basis for TPS transaction fees), TPS Interval (TPS fee growth rate), and TPS Fee Multiplier (prepayment factor). Voting weight is based on GBYTE balances. By enabling users to vote directly on-chain using this system, Obyte promotes a more decentralized governance model, empowering the community to take an active role in shaping the network's future. Featured Vector Image by vectorjuice / Freepik Especially in the context of cryptocurrencies, ‘governance’ is about making decisions about a certain platform, network, or coin. Since this is a decentralization-focused world, a governance model in which users’ voices are taken into account may be preferred by a lot of participants. Hence, the on-chain governance model was created. On-chain governance is a way for a community from a certain crypto network to make decisions directly on the system itself, using a transparent (and automatic) voting process. Instead of relying on outside groups or central authorities, token holders (or network participants) can vote on important updates, rules, or changes to the network or similar systems by submitting their votes through transactions on the chain. On-chain governance is a way for a community from a certain crypto network to make decisions directly on the system itself, using a transparent (and automatic) voting process. This voting is usually weighted by the amount of tokens each participant holds, meaning their influence matches their stake in the network. On-chain governance gives the community a decentralized way to help shape the future of their favorite platforms while keeping all decisions visible and secure. These platforms could include main chains, decentralized applications, and more.\ On-chain vs. Off-chain Governance Of course, on-chain governance isn’t the only way to make decisions in a crypto network. Off-chain governance, opposing the on-chain model, happens outside the network, often involving discussions and decisions among key developers, stakeholders, and community members. Examples include community forums, social media debates, and meetings between developers. While this allows for flexible and informal decision-making, it can lack transparency and might concentrate power among a few influential voices. Off-chain governance can be less structured, but it’s also sometimes faster to respond to urgent issues, as decisions don’t need to go through a formal voting process —at least not involving a high number of people. The people could be a risk factor, though. The implementation of off-chain governance decisions still involves people, and they might fail to do what is expected from them. The people could be a risk factor, though. The implementation of off-chain governance decisions still involves people, and they might fail to do what is expected from them. For its part, on-chain governance has significant advantages when it comes to fairness and transparency. It allows for a more direct, decentralized approach, where decisions are logged and open for anyone to vote and verify. This model helps prevent centralized control and gives regular token holders real power in the network’s future. Its primary drawback could be that on-chain governance can be slow and costly due to network fees (depending on the network), and large stakeholders can sometimes have outsized influence. However, many platforms are working to make on-chain voting more accessible, helping ensure it remains a democratic process as the technology evolves. Besides, unlike off-chain governance, on-chain governance often incentivizes participants by offering rewards, such as tokens, for voting on proposals or contributing to discussions. These rewards encourage active engagement from the community, ensuring that more users participate in decision-making processes. Besides, unlike off-chain governance, on-chain governance often incentivizes participants by offering rewards, such as tokens, for voting on proposals or contributing to discussions. on-chain governance on-chain governance On-chain Governance in Obyte Over the years, the Obyte ecosystem has offered several decentralized apps (Dapps) that have their own on-chain governance systems including governance tokens. These assets allow users to vote on essential decisions affecting a specific platform or pool inside of it, while being rewarded. By holding these tokens, community members can influence changes like fee structures and reward distributions, making their participation valuable and rewarding. For instance, the DEX Oswap.io has its own governance token, OSWAP . governance systems governance systems OSWAP OSWAP More recently, Obyte has introduced a robust on-chain governance system that enhances its decentralized structure. This allows the Obyte community to influence decisions regarding the main network parameters and the selection of Order Providers (OPs) —essential nodes that guide transaction ordering. More recently, Obyte has introduced a robust on-chain governance system that enhances its decentralized structure. has introduced has introduced Order Providers Order Providers A website for on-chain governance is now available to vote on parameters like OPs, Threshold Size (oversize fee trigger), Base TPS Fee (calculation basis for TPS transaction fees), TPS Interval (TPS fee growth rate), and TPS Fee Multiplier (prepayment factor). Voting weight is based on GBYTE balances. By enabling users to vote directly on-chain using this system, Obyte promotes a more decentralized governance model, empowering the community to take an active role in shaping the network's future. A website for on-chain governance A website for on-chain governance Featured Vector Image by vectorjuice / Freepik Featured Vector Image by vectorjuice / Freepik Freepik Freepik

Educational Byte: What is On-chain Governance?

Byte educativo: ¿Qué es la gobernanza en cadena?

Obrazovni bajt: Što je upravljanje na lancu?

Կրթական բայթ. Ի՞նչ է «շղթայական կառավարումը»:

Educational Byte: Apa itu Tata Kelola On-chain?

教育バイト: オンチェーンガバナンスとは何ですか?

Білім беру байт: On-chain Governance дегеніміз не?

Mokomasis baitas: kas yra valdymas tinkle?

Образовательный байт: Что такое управление в цепочке?

Uburezi Byte: Imiyoborere kumurongo ni iki?

අධ්‍යාපනික බයිට්: දාම පාලනය යනු කුමක්ද?

教育字节：什么是链上治理？

I-Educational Byte: Iyini i-On-chain Governance?

What to Watch for: 5 Must-Have Elements in Crypto Whitepapers

Kunas uñjañasa: 5 Elementos Must-Have en Cripto Janq’u qillqatanaka

За какво да внимавате: 5 задължителни елемента в крипто белите книги

Na šta treba obratiti pažnju: 5 obaveznih elemenata u kripto bijelim papirima

Worauf Sie achten sollten: 5 unverzichtbare Elemente in Krypto-Whitepapers

Qué tener en cuenta: 5 elementos imprescindibles en los documentos técnicos sobre criptomonedas

Zer ikusi: 5 elementu ezinbestekoak Crypto Whitepapers

O que hai que ter en conta: 5 elementos imprescindibles nos documentos brancos de cripto

למה לצפות: 5 אלמנטים חובה במסמכי קריפטו

注目すべき点: 暗号通貨のホワイトペーパーに必須の 5 つの要素

Kam jāpievērš uzmanība: 5 obligātie elementi kriptogrāfijās

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