As we built the Workhorse Brewing Company brand from scratch, we needed a partner to match our energy and deliver design to capture our vision and help us stand out in a crowded category. We were very happy with the outcome, and it helped us launch our taproom and wholesale business. Finch Brands ...

Finch Brands: Real-World Brand Consultancy

We’re sorry but our site doesn’t work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue · Loading

Finch NYC Office: Careers, Perks + Culture

Our mission is to democratize access to the infrastructure that underpins the employment sector and unlock much-needed innovations and create tremendous economic activities for both employers and employees. Finch is a Series B company with $62 Million+ in total funding and is backed by Menlo ...

Finch | LinkedIn

Finch, a platform that helps companies connect to various HR apps, services and systems, today announced that it raised $40 million in a Series B round co-led by General Catalyst and Menlo Ventures with participation from QED Investors, Altman Capital and PruVen Capital.

Finch lands $40M to connect disparate HR systems with a single ...

Finch is the #1 API for Employment Systems. Gain access to 200+ HRIS, Payroll, and Benefits systems through Finch&#x27;s unified API.

Finch - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding

Help companies provision new employees, manage certification processes, and determine tax credit eligibility. ... Leverage payroll integrations to streamline audits, reduce premium leakage, and avoid surprise bills for your clients. ... Instantly support 200+ systems (and counting) compatible with our unified data model. As we add new systems, turn them on with one click. Finch ...

Finch | The Unified API for Employment Systems

Finch is the fastest way for retailers to implement a program that gives shoppers product sustainability information, online or in-store.

Finch | Clear, scientifically-rigorous product information for ...

Finch has a robust intellectual property estate reflecting the Company’s pioneering role in the microbiome therapeutics field. Learn more · Finch Announces Reverse Stock Split of Common Stock June 09, 2023

Home — Finch Therapeutics

FINCH is a film production company made of film-makers, artists, and engineers, working at the crossroads of storytelling, entertainment and technology.

FINCH Home - FINCH

Finch is a productive all-in-one account with the powers of investing &amp; flexibility of checking, giving you a better way to grow your money.

A better way to grow - Finch - Invest simply. Spend Instantly. Finch

Finch

finch

By Amanda Kavanagh While tech sectors like healthcare, climate tech and cybersecurity are urgently focused on retraining in AI, it’s not quite as important for other programmers. That’s according to Christian Rebernik, co-chief executive and co-founder of Tomorrow University of Applied Sciences, who reckons you don’t need to throw the baby out of the bath water, and ditch your expertise for AI. In an interview with the Financial Times, he makes this recommendation: “You can secure yourself, if you are a top-tier expert who can help teach AI in your field . . . [you can] earn from training models on data set created by you.” 3 high-paying roles to apply for today DevOps Engineer, Accenture Federal Services, Chantilly ($76,000 - $144,000)
Principal DevOps Engineer, Autodesk, TX ($141,400 - $228,800)
Staff/Sr. Staff DevOps Engineer, SciTec, Boulder ($93,000 - $137,000) The key is deep knowledge. As subject matter expertise really matters when it comes to creating the best prompts, once you’ve an understanding of prompt engineering, and experiment with AI tools in your day-to-day life, that may be enough for now. This frees programmers up to focus on the languages making waves in the coding community; here we’ll look at three of the newest and well-paid languages of the moment. Zig Created by Andrew Kelley in 2015, Zig is pitched as a general purpose language and as a modern alternative to C, but it’s still relatively obscure. In a Stack Overflow survey of 89,184 software developers across 185 countries, just 0.83% reported proficiency in Zig. However, the same survey also found that Zig developers command the highest median salaries on average. Median earnings of $103,000 may be pocket change to some in highly-paid AI roles, and it won’t put you in the top 10% of earners in the U.S. – you’ll need to be on $167,639 for that – but it’s the only programming language that hits six figures in the Stack Overflow survey. The next closest is Erlang ($99,492), F# ($99,492), Ruby ($98,522), and in fourth place, the former 2022 leader, Clojure ($96,381). Comparatively, the bottom four are: Visual Basic (.Net) with $65,000 median pay, MATLAB with $61,735, PHP at $58,899, and Dart, which commands the least at $55,862. Because Zig is compatible with C codebases, it may be readily incorporated with current projects, making it a solid option for systems development, embedded systems, game design, and scripting. Non-profit Zig boasts a vibrant contributor community where developers are invited to utilize it for personal open-source projects, allowing real-world problems to surface and be resolved in real-time. Its rarity makes it something of a risk, as you may have to plug and play, figuring out mistakes as you go. Depending on the pace in your current role, this may or may not be possible. But clearly, there can be salary gains if you can find a company that utilizes and values Zig. Finch Finch is the latest programming language from MIT, which was announced earlier this year. It aims to resolve the challenges associated with computing over-structured arrays. Finch does this by providing a programming model that unifies control flow and diverse data structures into a single representation that allows for co-optimization. Specifically, it automates the control flow to the data, freeing up performance engineers to experiment with many algorithms. MIT says that Finch is, to the best of its knowledge, the first programming language to support affine indexing or scatter/gather of sparse or structured operands, as well as if-conditions, early breaks, and multiple left hand sides over structured data. Early-adopters are praising the time-saving automatic specialization and smooth control flow, particularly in fields like image processing and scientific computing, where structured data is essential. Being a complete newbie, Finch doesn’t have a vast library of tools and frameworks to refer to, meaning it’s not really suitable for large-scale projects just yet. But if you’re a keen early-adopter, Finch is one to watch, and as the community expands, it may become a very valuable tool in the near future. Swift Apple’s Swift has been knocking around for a decade, but its next iteration – Swift 6 – is slated for release later this year. This is the first major update since Swift 5, five long years ago. This release expands upon the async/await, existentials, and macros capabilities that were first included in the Swift 5.x series. Apple director of languages and runtimes, Ted Kremenek says, “Swift’s safety, speed, and approachability, combined with built-in C and C++ interoperability, mean Swift is the best choice to succeed C++.” Meanwhile, forums and blogs are already advising programmers on how to migrate projects across, which is expected to be tricky for legacy codebases. 3 great tech jobs hiring now DevOps Engineer - Sports Technology, Electronic Arts, Orlando
Sr. DevOps Engineer - Store Frontend, hims & hers, San Francisco ($155,000 - $175,000)
Senior Engineer Fullstack (Java), GTT LLC, Chevy Chase The good news is there is clear demand for Swift programmers. According to jobs site Indeed, iOS developers and senior mobile developers are sought after in major companies all over the world, including Accenture, DataAnnotation, and Netflix. It’s widely-accepted that for a long, productive, and well-paid career in programming, developers must always move with the times. Ideally, your existing role will allow time for experimentation and upskilling, enabling you to explore these languages and integrate them into your projects. But if upskilling isn’t a priority in your workplace, it could be time to look for something new. Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today By Amanda Kavanagh While tech sectors like healthcare, climate tech and cybersecurity are urgently focused on retraining in AI, it’s not quite as important for other programmers. That’s according to Christian Rebernik, co-chief executive and co-founder of Tomorrow University of Applied Sciences, who reckons you don’t need to throw the baby out of the bath water, and ditch your expertise for AI. In an interview with the Financial Times , he makes this recommendation: “You can secure yourself, if you are a top-tier expert who can help teach AI in your field . . . [you can] earn from training models on data set created by you.” Financial Times Financial Times 3 high-paying roles to apply for today 3 high-paying roles to apply for today DevOps Engineer, Accenture Federal Services, Chantilly ($76,000 - $144,000) Principal DevOps Engineer, Autodesk, TX ($141,400 - $228,800) Staff/Sr. Staff DevOps Engineer, SciTec, Boulder ($93,000 - $137,000) DevOps Engineer, Accenture Federal Services, Chantilly ($76,000 - $144,000) DevOps Engineer, Accenture Federal Services, Chantilly ($76,000 - $144,000) DevOps Engineer, Accenture Federal Services, Chantilly ($76,000 - $144,000) Principal DevOps Engineer, Autodesk, TX ($141,400 - $228,800) Principal DevOps Engineer, Autodesk, TX ($141,400 - $228,800) Principal DevOps Engineer, Autodesk, TX ($141,400 - $228,800) Staff/Sr. Staff DevOps Engineer, SciTec, Boulder ($93,000 - $137,000) Staff/Sr. Staff DevOps Engineer, SciTec, Boulder ($93,000 - $137,000) Staff/Sr. Staff DevOps Engineer, SciTec, Boulder ($93,000 - $137,000) The key is deep knowledge. As subject matter expertise really matters when it comes to creating the best prompts, once you’ve an understanding of prompt engineering, and experiment with AI tools in your day-to-day life, that may be enough for now. This frees programmers up to focus on the languages making waves in the coding community; here we’ll look at three of the newest and well-paid languages of the moment. Zig Zig Created by Andrew Kelley in 2015, Zig is pitched as a general purpose language and as a modern alternative to C, but it’s still relatively obscure. In a Stack Overflow survey of 89,184 software developers across 185 countries, just 0.83% reported proficiency in Zig. Stack Overflow survey Stack Overflow survey However, the same survey also found that Zig developers command the highest median salaries on average. Median earnings of $103,000 may be pocket change to some in highly-paid AI roles , and it won’t put you in the top 10% of earners in the U.S. – you’ll need to be on $167,639 for that – but it’s the only programming language that hits six figures in the Stack Overflow survey. highly-paid AI roles highly-paid AI roles The next closest is Erlang ($99,492), F# ($99,492), Ruby ($98,522), and in fourth place, the former 2022 leader, Clojure ($96,381). Comparatively, the bottom four are: Visual Basic (.Net) with $65,000 median pay, MATLAB with $61,735, PHP at $58,899, and Dart, which commands the least at $55,862. Because Zig is compatible with C codebases, it may be readily incorporated with current projects, making it a solid option for systems development, embedded systems, game design, and scripting. Non-profit Zig boasts a vibrant contributor community where developers are invited to utilize it for personal open-source projects, allowing real-world problems to surface and be resolved in real-time. vibrant contributor community vibrant contributor community Its rarity makes it something of a risk, as you may have to plug and play, figuring out mistakes as you go. Depending on the pace in your current role, this may or may not be possible. But clearly, there can be salary gains if you can find a company that utilizes and values Zig. company company Finch Finch Finch is the latest programming language from MIT, which was announced earlier this year. It aims to resolve the challenges associated with computing over-structured arrays. Finch Finch Finch does this by providing a programming model that unifies control flow and diverse data structures into a single representation that allows for co-optimization. Specifically, it automates the control flow to the data, freeing up performance engineers to experiment with many algorithms. MIT says that Finch is, to the best of its knowledge, the first programming language to support affine indexing or scatter/gather of sparse or structured operands, as well as if-conditions, early breaks, and multiple left hand sides over structured data. Early-adopters are praising the time-saving automatic specialization and smooth control flow, particularly in fields like image processing and scientific computing, where structured data is essential. Being a complete newbie, Finch doesn’t have a vast library of tools and frameworks to refer to, meaning it’s not really suitable for large-scale projects just yet. But if you’re a keen early-adopter, Finch is one to watch, and as the community expands, it may become a very valuable tool in the near future. Swift Apple’s Swift has been knocking around for a decade, but its next iteration – Swift 6 – is slated for release later this year. This is the first major update since Swift 5, five long years ago. This release expands upon the async/await, existentials, and macros capabilities that were first included in the Swift 5.x series. Apple director of languages and runtimes, Ted Kremenek says, “Swift’s safety, speed, and approachability, combined with built-in C and C++ interoperability, mean Swift is the best choice to succeed C++.” Meanwhile, forums and blogs are already advising programmers on how to migrate projects across, which is expected to be tricky for legacy codebases. 3 great tech jobs hiring now DevOps Engineer - Sports Technology, Electronic Arts, Orlando Sr. DevOps Engineer - Store Frontend, hims & hers, San Francisco ($155,000 - $175,000) Senior Engineer Fullstack (Java), GTT LLC, Chevy Chase DevOps Engineer - Sports Technology, Electronic Arts, Orlando DevOps Engineer - Sports Technology, Electronic Arts, Orlando DevOps Engineer - Sports Technology, Electronic Arts, Orlando Sr. DevOps Engineer - Store Frontend, hims & hers, San Francisco ($155,000 - $175,000) Sr. DevOps Engineer - Store Frontend, hims & hers, San Francisco ($155,000 - $175,000) Sr. DevOps Engineer - Store Frontend, hims & hers, San Francisco ($155,000 - $175,000) Senior Engineer Fullstack (Java), GTT LLC, Chevy Chase Senior Engineer Fullstack (Java), GTT LLC, Chevy Chase Senior Engineer Fullstack (Java), GTT LLC, Chevy Chase The good news is there is clear demand for Swift programmers. According to jobs site Indeed, iOS developers and senior mobile developers are sought after in major companies all over the world, including Accenture, DataAnnotation, and Netflix. It’s widely-accepted that for a long, productive, and well-paid career in programming, developers must always move with the times. Ideally, your existing role will allow time for experimentation and upskilling, enabling you to explore these languages and integrate them into your projects. But if upskilling isn’t a priority in your workplace, it could be time to look for something new. Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today Ready to find your next role in tech? Whether you want to pivot to AI or put your coding expertise to good use, visit the Hackernoon Job Board today

3 High Paying Programming Languages Jobs On Developers’ Watchlists

ডেভেলপারদের ওয়াচলিস্টে 3টি উচ্চ অর্থপ্রদানকারী প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষার চাকরি

3 gut bezahlte Jobs im Bereich Programmiersprachen auf den Beobachtungslisten der Entwickler

3 trabajos de lenguajes de programación bien remunerados en las listas de vigilancia de desarrolladores

3 emplois bien rémunérés dans les langages de programmation sur les listes de surveillance des développeurs

डेवलपर्स की वॉचलिस्ट पर 3 उच्च भुगतान वाली प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा नौकरियां

開発者の注目リストに載っている高収入のプログラミング言語の仕事 3 つ

개발자 관심 목록에 있는 고임금 프로그래밍 언어 직업 3가지

3 empregos em linguagens de programação com altos salários nas listas de observação dos desenvolvedores

3 высокооплачиваемые вакансии в области языков программирования в списках разработчиков

Geliştiricilerin İzleme Listelerindeki Yüksek Ücretli 3 Programlama Dili İşi

3 công việc về ngôn ngữ lập trình được trả lương cao trong danh sách theo dõi của các nhà phát triển

开发人员关注的 3 个高薪编程语言职位

Last week presented which encouraged myself to do the same type of starting tutorial in Finch. ScalaTimes Creating a TODO application using Akka HTTP and Slick , Finch is a project written by people working mostly on Twitter and it is a TypeLevel incubator. What I like the most about Finch is its simplicity by using pure functional programming constructs and highly efficient libraries underneath. Personally, I have used Finch in various small projects and once in a very serious project / environment. I always found it very easy and simplistic even though it is a very capable library. Finch is fast, just look at You will discover that it is the second faster HTTP library written in Scala. How Fast is Finch? Let’s focus now how to create a simple Rest API using Finch. Our file looks like follow: build.sbt We are only adding the the Finch libraries and Circe for JSON serialization/deserialization. Now, we need to create our first endpoint to be served. Let’s start by something very simplistic and then grow from there. First, we can define a endpoint. hello In here, is, in my opinion, the most important construct we are going to find in Finch. Endpoint The idea behind is that it represent a serie of transformations as follows: Endpoint We get a and transform it into some type . Then we apply some business logic to the input in an asynchronous matter just to finalize with another transformation into the desired . Request A Response In our example, our is a which URL is and the business logic to be applied is just returning . Endpoint get hello hello to you! Now, we need to run the server and expose the to be used. hello We have only created an application that we can be executed, and we have create a to connect to then it serves the as a Finagle Service. server localhost:8080 hello Endpoint We can run the application by doing or . Once running we can send a request to the endpoint using our terminal: and we will get back: sbt run java -jar <the application.jar> http localhost:8080/hello Our Storage Service For this example, we are going to use a storage abstraction that can be implemented in multiple ways, in particular we can create one that talks to an in-memory datastore. is the type of objects we are going to be sending and receiving to our API and Storage is the one in charge of saving / retrieving them. Item Our in-memory implementation is as simple as this. Defining TODO Endpoints 1. GET- TODOS Our first endpoint will be that retrieves all items available in the storage. todos We can see how simple that is! It just does a call. This endpoint will respond to URL in our server. storage.getAll GET /todos 2. POST -TODO Now we can define a new endpoint to add todos that will respond at POST /todo This one is a little more interesting to look at. Because it is a we need to extract the from the body of the message. However, there is a gotcha, the cannot be created without an and that is what the function does. In other words, we extract the from the message body and create an object with it and a random . POST Item Item UUID postTodo taskName POST Item UUID The idea is that you don’t need to have a different model without the id to be sent on the requests. Item Then function does not really care about the id, it just add a new to the storage and returns the recently created one (it has its own new id). storage.add(item) Item Once the has been added, we return the recently created one. Item We can test it from our terminal by doing which returns 3. GET -TODO Retrieving a particular is an easy task. We only need the id and then we can ask for the to get it for us. Item storage We can test it by doing: Which returns the same todo we inserted before. Notice that if the item is not in the storage, will return HTTP message back to the client. .fold NotFound 4. DELETE-TODO In the same way we can do deleteTodo We look for the with the given id. If it exists then we delete it. Then we return accordingly using . Item .fold TodoService The entire code looks like this. TodoService Putting Everything Together We need to expose all these s from our application. Finch uses Shapeless to compose s and taking a closer look to the we can see that this composition is happening in the . Endpoint Endpoint TodoService TodoService.api Let’s look how our application can be rewritten to serve the . TodoService Notice that is the combination of every single . .api Endpoint This composition is done using and it is basically saying that the incoming request must match one of the endpoints. Shapeless Conclusions Finch is an HTTP library that presents an easy way to define endpoints and to compose them into a more complex API. Finch allows us to write purely functional code for the web that is able to server request at hight rates.

TODO Application using Finch and TwitterServer.

The wait is over! - it’s time to celebrate the champion startups of the world. Shout out to all of the participants in our ! You did a wonderful job showcasing your incredible startups and powering through another year. 2023 Startups of the Year is a community-driven voting platform brought to you by HackerNoon that recognizes and celebrates tech startups changing technology and the world for the better. The award started on May 8th, 2023, where the internet nominated and voted for 30k startups around the world. The voting period remained open until December 31, 2023, and now we are here with the winner announcement after a comprehensive evaluation by the HackerNoon team. Startups of the Year 2023 To see the top 3 startups in each respective city, visit and pick a city. hackernoon.com/startups You’ll get a little surprise 😉 Here are the Startups of the Year Regional Announcements: North America Europe Asia Africa South America Oceania Misc/Remote From all of us at HackerNoon, thank YOU for your excellent campaign perseverance 🥺 This year has been awesome! Startups of the Year 2023 is concluded with 623k+ total votes, up from 215k+ votes in the inaugural startup competition. We look forward to seeing you again in the next campaign (stay tuned 😉)! Without further ado, let us kick off the announcement by celebrating the cities with top votes per region for 2023 🎉 North America (11,697 votes): Winner: Bloomfilter Cleveland, Ohio (8,835 votes) - Winner: SerpApi Austin, Texas , California (5,564 votes) - Winner: Finch San Francisco (4,258 votes) - Winner: RELAYTO SoMa, California - (3339 votes) Winner: Windscribe Toronto, Canada, North America (3304 votes) - Winner: Vouched Seattle (2716 votes) - Winner: Seccuri Palo Alto, CA, North America (2671 votes) - Winner: Salsa Valley Miami, FL, North America (2,613 votes) - Winner: Majhi Group Manhattan, New York (2423 votes) - Winner: Flieber, Inc. New York City, NY, North America See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, North America, here Europe (45,612 votes) - Winner: Algomo London, UK (2,344votes) - Winner: Data Lake Warsaw, Poland (1,955 votes) - Winner: Hoken Tech Bari, Italy (1716 votes) - Winner: Not8 Amsterdam, Netherlands (1657 votes) - Winner: KYVE Frankfurt Am Main, Germany (1566 votes) - Winner: BazaIT Kyiv, Ukraine (1496 votes) - Winner:  Unity Network Tallinn, Estonia (1,478 votes) - Winner: Volcaino Ghent, Belgium (1,288 votes) - Winner: Owl Me Dublin, Ireland (1198 votes) - Winner: Groover Paris, France See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, Europe, here Oceania (3,350 votes) - Winner: Sharepass Melbourne (2,107 votes) - Winner: The Catfisher Project Perth, Australia (220 votes) - Winner: Gemini AI Solutions Auckland, New Zealand, Oceania (213 votes) - Winner: Nexustorage Wellington, New Zealand, Oceania (138 votes) - Winner: Coviu Sydney (124 votes) - Winner: Bopple Brisbane, Australia, Oceania (124 votes) - Winner: Regional CFO New South Wales, Australia, Oceania (106 votes) - Winner: Edit on the Spot Gold Coast, Australia, Oceania (93 votes) - Winner: Knowledge Satnav Canbera, Australia, Oceania , Australia, Oceania (48 votes) - Winner: Peptalk360 North Melbourne, Melbourne See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, Oceania, here Asia (16,345 votes) - Winner: Serenity Shield Singapore (13,588 votes) - Winners: QUIXY Telangana, India (10,168 votes) - Winner: HealthySure Mumbai, India (3,865 votes) - Winner: InterviewBuddy Visakhapatnam, India (3,733 votes) - Winner: Omniflo Bengaluru, India (4589 votes) - Winner: MeNow Tel Aviv (3877 votes) - Winner: ForestVPN Dubai (2478 votes) - Winner: TechGraph Powai, Mumbai, India (1004 votes) - Winner: Reelo Ahmedabad, GJ, India (875 votes) - Winner: Debt Hunter Hong Kong, China See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, Asia, here Africa (8,179 votes) - Winner: GO PLATFORM Algiers, Algeria (767 votes) - Winner: Tudu Accra, Ghana (415 votes) - Winner: Treford Lagos, Nigeria (265 votes) - Winner: Phalconwise Ogbomosho, Nigeria (157 votes) - Winner: AbuErdan Cairo (151 votes) - Winner: Eazipay Lekki (144 votes) - Winner: KaziConnect Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (101 votes) - Winner: faceATT Gauteng, South Africa (79 votes) - Winner: Dimagi Cape Town (71 votes) - Winner: Sabi Addis Ababa See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, Africa, here South America (376 votes ) - Winner: UpGirl Santiago, Chile (217 votes) - Winner: Klever Sao Paulo, Brazil (191 votes) - Winner: Tributo Simple Buenos Aires, Argentina (127 votes) - Winner: Light-it Montevideo, Uruguay (87 votes) -Winner: Thousand Antioquia, Colombia (108 votes) - Winner: GetLavado Lima (101 votes) - Winner: Cogniflow Medellin (73 votes) - Winner: TPAGA Bogota (73 votes) - Winner: Reliv Quito (47 votes) - WInner: Quantex Cordoba See the complete announcement for the . Startups of the Year, South America, here Misc/Remote: Featured Startups (1500 votes) - Winner: CIC Chain Remote, Earth (1193 votes) - Winner: Reship Colony US Misc (146 Votes) - Winner: Partful UK, Misc (116 votes) - Winner: GoMining British Virgin Islands Misc (283 Votes) - Winner: tomorrowSpace Germany Misc (225 votes) - Winner: Dtravel Cayman Islands See the complete announcement for Misc/Remote startups . here Once again, HUGE CONGRATULATIONS and BIG PROPS to all of the top Startups of each region this year! The whole team at HackerNoon would like to thank you for your perseverance in the campaign, and we look forward to seeing you in the next campaign. About HackerNoon’s Startups Of The Year Startups of The Year is HackerNoon’s Flagship community-driven event celebrating startups that survived and thrived in 2023. 30,000 startups across 4200+ cities and six continents participated this year to be crowned the best startup in their city. Visit our page to learn more. FAQ Companies that blog more get 67% more leads - Jumpstart your company’s blogging journey by purchasing our . Business Blogging Package The 2023 Startups Of The Year is sponsored by: . . The winners get a free .Tech Domain, a HackerNoon NFT, and a Tech Company News Page. TECH Domains

Stand Up for the Champion Startups of the Year! 

বছরের চ্যাম্পিয়ন স্টার্টআপের জন্য দাঁড়ান!

Setzen Sie sich für die Champion-Startups des Jahres ein!

¡Defiende a las startups campeonas del año!

Défendez les startups championnes de l’année !

वर्ष के चैंपियन स्टार्टअप के लिए खड़े रहें!

今年のチャンピオンスタートアップのために立ち上がろう!

올해의 챔피언 스타트업을 위해 일어서세요!

Defenda as startups campeãs do ano!

Встаньте на защиту стартапов-чемпионов года!

Yılın Şampiyon Startup'ları için Ayağa Kalkın!

Hãy ủng hộ các công ty khởi nghiệp vô địch của năm!

为年度冠军初创企业挺身而出！

Startups of The Year 2023 Winners: North America 

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. . Authors: Gemini Team, Google Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Model Architecture Training Infrastructure Training Dataset Evaluation Responsible Deployment Discussion and Conclusion, References Contributions and Acknowledgments Appendix 8. Contributions and Acknowledgments Leads Rohan Anil, Co-Lead, Text Sebastian Borgeaud, Co-Lead, Text Yonghui Wu, Co-Lead, Text Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Co-Lead, MM Vision Jiahui Yu, Co-Lead, MM Vision Radu Soricut*, Co-Lead, MM Vision* Johan Schalkwyk, Lead, MM Audio Andrew M. Dai, Co-Lead, Data Anja Hauth*, Co-Lead, Data* Katie Millican, Co-Lead, Data David Silver, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Slav Petrov, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Melvin Johnson, Lead, Instruction Tuning Ioannis Antonoglou*, Co-Lead, RL Techniques* Julian Schrittwieser, Co-Lead, RL Techniques Amelia Glaese, Lead, Human Data Jilin Chen, Lead, Safety Emily Pitler, Co-Lead, Tool Use Timothy Lillicrap, Co-Lead, Tool Use Angeliki Lazaridou, Co-Lead, Eval Orhan Firat, Co-Lead, Eval James Molloy, Co-Lead, Infra Michael Isard, Co-Lead, Infra Paul R. Barham, Co-Lead, Infra Tom Hennigan, Co-Lead, Infra Benjamin Lee, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Fabio Viola, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Malcolm Reynolds, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Yuanzhong Xu, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Ryan Doherty, Lead, Ecosystem Eli Collins, Lead, Product Clemens Meyer, Co-Lead, Operations Eliza Rutherford, Co-Lead, Operations Erica Moreira, Co-Lead, Operations Kareem Ayoub, Co-Lead, Operations Megha Goel, Co-Lead, Operations Core Contributors George Tucker Enrique Piqueras Maxim Krikun Iain Barr Nikolay Savinov Ivo Danihelka Becca Roelofs Core Contributors Anaïs White Anders Andreassen Tamara von Glehn Lakshman Yagati Mehran Kazemi Lucas Gonzalez Misha Khalman Jakub Sygnowski Alexandre Frechette Charlotte Smith Laura Culp Lev Proleev Yi Luan Xi Chen James Lottes Nathan Schucher Federico Lebron Alban Rrustemi Natalie Clay Phil Crone Tomas Kocisky Jeffrey Zhao Bartek Perz Dian Yu Heidi Howard Adam Bloniarz Jack W. Rae Han Lu Laurent Sifre Marcello Maggioni Fred Alcober Dan Garrette Megan Barnes Shantanu Thakoor Jacob Austin Gabriel Barth-Maron William Wong Rishabh Joshi Rahma Chaabouni Deeni Fatiha Arun Ahuja Ruibo Liu Yunxuan Li Sarah Cogan Jeremy Chen Core Contributors Chao Jia Chenjie Gu Qiao Zhang Jordan Grimstad Ale Jakse Hartman Martin Chadwick Gaurav Singh Tomar Xavier Garcia Evan Senter Emanuel Taropa Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai Jacob Devlin Michael Laskin Diego de Las Casas Dasha Valter Connie Tao Lorenzo Blanco Adrià Puigdomènech Badia David Reitter Mianna Chen Jenny Brennan Clara Rivera Sergey Brin Shariq Iqbal Gabriela Surita Jane Labanowski Abhi Rao Stephanie Winkler Emilio Parisotto Yiming Gu Kate Olszewska Yujing Zhang Ravi Addanki Antoine Miech Annie Louis Laurent El Shafey Denis Teplyashin Geoff Brown Elliot Catt Nithya Attaluri Jan Balaguer Jackie Xiang Pidong Wang Zoe Ashwood Anton Briukhov Albert Webson Sanjay Ganapathy Smit Sanghavi Core Contributors Ajay Kannan Ming-Wei Chang Axel Stjerngren Josip Djolonga Yuting Sun Ankur Bapna Matthew Aitchison Pedram Pejman Henryk Michalewski Tianhe Yu Cindy Wang Juliette Love Junwhan Ahn Dawn Bloxwich Kehang Han Peter Humphreys Thibault Sellam James Bradbury Varun Godbole Sina Samangooei Bogdan Damoc Alex Kaskasoli Sébastien M. R. Arnold Vijay Vasudevan Shubham Agrawal Jason Riesa Dmitry Lepikhin Richard Tanburn Srivatsan Srinivasan Hyeontaek Lim Sarah Hodkinson Pranav Shyam Johan Ferret Steven Hand Ankush Garg Tom Le Paine Jian Li Yujia Li Minh Giang Alexander Neitz Zaheer Abbas Sarah York Machel Reid Elizabeth Cole Aakanksha Chowdhery Dipanjan Das Dominika Rogozińska Vitaly Nikolaev Core Contributors Pablo Sprechmann Zachary Nado Lukas Zilka Flavien Prost Luheng He Marianne Monteiro Gaurav Mishra Chris Welty Josh Newlan Dawei Jia Miltiadis Allamanis Clara Huiyi Hu Raoul de Liedekerke Justin Gilmer Carl Saroufim Shruti Rijhwani Shaobo Hou Disha Shrivastava Anirudh Baddepudi Alex Goldin Adnan Ozturel Albin Cassirer Yunhan Xu Daniel Sohn Devendra Sachan Reinald Kim Amplayo Craig Swanson Dessie Petrova Shashi Narayan Arthur Guez Siddhartha Brahma Jessica Landon Miteyan Patel Ruizhe Zhao Kevin Villela Luyu Wang Wenhao Jia Matthew Rahtz Mai Giménez Legg Yeung Hanzhao Lin James Keeling Petko Georgiev Diana Mincu Boxi Wu Salem Haykal Rachel Saputro Kiran Vodrahalli Core Contributors James Qin Zeynep Cankara Abhanshu Sharma Nick Fernando Will Hawkins Behnam Neyshabur Solomon Kim Adrian Hutter Priyanka Agrawal Alex Castro-Ros George van den Driessche Tao Wang Fan Yang Shuo-yiin Chang Paul Komarek Ross McIlroy Mario Lučić Guodong Zhang Wael Farhan Michael Sharman Paul Natsev Paul Michel Yong Cheng Yamini Bansal Siyuan Qiao Kris Cao Siamak Shakeri Christina Butterfield Justin Chung Paul Kishan Rubenstein Shivani Agrawal Arthur Mensch Kedar Soparkar Karel Lenc Timothy Chung Aedan Pope Loren Maggiore Jackie Kay Priya Jhakra Shibo Wang Joshua Maynez Mary Phuong Taylor Tobin Andrea Tacchetti Maja Trebacz Kevin Robinson Yash Katariya Sebastian Riedel Core Contributors Paige Bailey Kefan Xiao Nimesh Ghelani Lora Aroyo Ambrose Slone Neil Houlsby Xuehan Xiong Zhen Yang Elena Gribovskaya Jonas Adler Mateo Wirth Lisa Lee Music Li Thais Kagohara Jay Pavagadhi Sophie Bridgers Anna Bortsova Sanjay Ghemawat Zafarali Ahmed Tianqi Liu Richard Powell Vijay Bolina Mariko Iinuma Polina Zablotskaia James Besley Da-Woon Chung Timothy Dozat Ramona Comanescu Xiance Si Jeremy Greer Guolong Su Martin Polacek Raphaël Lopez Kaufman Simon Tokumine Hexiang Hu Elena Buchatskaya Yingjie Miao Mohamed Elhawaty Aditya Siddhant Nenad Tomasev Jinwei Xing Christina Greer Helen Miller Shereen Ashraf Aurko Roy Zizhao Zhang Ada Ma Angelos Filos Core Contributors Milos Besta Rory Blevins Ted Klimenko Chih-Kuan Yeh Soravit Changpinyo Jiaqi Mu Oscar Chang Mantas Pajarskas Carrie Muir Vered Cohen Charline Le Lan Krishna Haridasan Amit Marathe Steven Hansen Sholto Douglas Rajkumar Samuel Mingqiu Wang Sophia Austin Chang Lan Jiepu Jiang Justin Chiu Jaime Alonso Lorenzo Lars Lowe Sjösund Sébastien Cevey Zach Gleicher Thi Avrahami Anudhyan Boral Hansa Srinivasan Vittorio Selo Rhys May Konstantinos Aisopos Léonard Hussenot Livio Baldini Soares Kate Baumli Michael B. Chang Adrià Recasens Ben Caine Alexander Pritzel Filip Pavetic Fabio Pardo Anita Gergely Justin Frye Vinay Ramasesh Dan Horgan Kartikeya Badola Nora Kassner Subhrajit Roy Ethan Dyer Core Contributors Víctor Campos Alex Tomala Yunhao Tang Dalia El Badawy Elspeth White Basil Mustafa Oran Lang Abhishek Jindal Sharad Vikram Zhitao Gong Sergi Caelles Ross Hemsley Gregory Thornton Fangxiaoyu Feng Wojciech Stokowiec Ce Zheng Phoebe Thacker Çağlar Ünlü Zhishuai Zhang Mohammad Saleh James Svensson Max Bileschi Piyush Patil Ankesh Anand Roman Ring Katerina Tsihlas Arpi Vezer Marco Selvi Toby Shevlane Mikel Rodriguez Tom Kwiatkowski Samira Daruki Keran Rong Allan Dafoe Nicholas FitzGerald Keren Gu-Lemberg Mina Khan Lisa Anne Hendricks Marie Pellat Vladimir Feinberg James Cobon-Kerr Tara Sainath Maribeth Rauh Sayed Hadi Hashemi Richard Ives Yana Hasson YaGuang Li Eric Noland Core Contributors Yuan Cao Nathan Byrd Le Hou Qingze Wang Thibault Sottiaux Michela Paganini Jean-Baptiste Lespiau Alexandre Moufarek Samer Hassan Kaushik Shivakumar Joost van Amersfoort Amol Mandhane Pratik Joshi Anirudh Goyal Matthew Tung Andrew Brock Hannah Sheahan Vedant Misra Cheng Li Nemanja Rakićević Mostafa Dehghani Fangyu Liu Sid Mittal Junhyuk Oh Seb Noury Eren Sezener Fantine Huot Matthew Lamm Nicola De Cao Charlie Chen Contributors Gamaleldin Elsayed Ed Chi Mahdis Mahdieh Ian Tenney Nan Hua Ivan Petrychenko Patrick Kane Dylan Scandinaro Rishub Jain Jonathan Uesato Romina Datta Adam Sadovsky Oskar Bunyan Dominik Rabiej Shimu Wu John Zhang Contributors Gautam Vasudevan Edouard Leurent Mahmoud Alnahlawi Ionut Georgescu Nan Wei Ivy Zheng Betty Chan Pam G Rabinovitch Piotr Stanczyk Ye Zhang David Steiner Subhajit Naskar Michael Azzam Matthew Johnson Adam Paszke Chung-Cheng Chiu Jaume Sanchez Elias Afroz Mohiuddin Faizan Muhammad Jin Miao Andrew Lee Nino Vieillard Sahitya Potluri Jane Park Elnaz Davoodi Jiageng Zhang Jeff Stanway Drew Garmon Abhijit Karmarkar Zhe Dong Jong Lee Aviral Kumar Luowei Zhou Jonathan Evens William Isaac Zhe Chen Johnson Jia Anselm Levskaya Zhenkai Zhu Chris Gorgolewski Peter Grabowski Yu Mao Alberto Magni Kaisheng Yao Javier Snaider Norman Casagrande Paul Suganthan Evan Palmer Contributors Geoffrey Irving Edward Loper Manaal Faruqui Isha Arkatkar Nanxin Chen Izhak Shafran Michael Fink Alfonso Castaño Irene Giannoumis Wooyeol Kim Mikołaj Rybiński Ashwin Sreevatsa Jennifer Prendki David Soergel Adrian Goedeckemeyer Willi Gierke Mohsen Jafari Meenu Gaba Jeremy Wiesner Diana Gage Wright Yawen Wei Harsha Vashisht Yana Kulizhskaya Jay Hoover Maigo Le Lu Li Chimezie Iwuanyanwu Lu Liu Kevin Ramirez Andrey Khorlin Albert Cui Tian LIN Marin Georgiev Marcus Wu Ricardo Aguilar Keith Pallo Abhishek Chakladar Alena Repina Xihui Wu Tom van der Weide Priya Ponnapalli Caroline Kaplan Jiri Simsa Shuangfeng Li Olivier Dousse Fan Yang Jeff Piper Nathan Ie Contributors Minnie Lui Rama Pasumarthi Nathan Lintz Anitha Vijayakumar Lam Nguyen Thiet Daniel Andor Pedro Valenzuela Cosmin Paduraru Daiyi Peng Katherine Lee Shuyuan Zhang Somer Greene Duc Dung Nguyen Paula Kurylowicz Sarmishta Velury Sebastian Krause Cassidy Hardin Lucas Dixon Lili Janzer Kiam Choo Ziqiang Feng Biao Zhang Achintya Singhal Tejasi Latkar Mingyang Zhang Quoc Le Elena Allica Abellan Dayou Du Dan McKinnon Natasha Antropova Tolga Bolukbasi Orgad Keller David Reid Daniel Finchelstein Maria Abi Raad Remi Crocker Peter Hawkins Robert Dadashi Colin Gaffney Sid Lall Ken Franko Egor Filonov Anna Bulanova Rémi Leblond Vikas Yadav Shirley Chung Harry Askham Luis C. Cobo Contributors Kelvin Xu Felix Fischer Jun Xu Christina Sorokin Chris Alberti Chu-Cheng Lin Colin Evans Hao Zhou Alek Dimitriev Hannah Forbes Dylan Banarse Zora Tung Jeremiah Liu Mark Omernick Colton Bishop Chintu Kumar Rachel Sterneck Ryan Foley Rohan Jain Swaroop Mishra Jiawei Xia Taylor Bos Geoffrey Cideron Ehsan Amid Francesco Piccinno Xingyu Wang Praseem Banzal Petru Gurita Hila Noga Premal Shah Daniel J. Mankowitz Alex Polozov Nate Kushman Victoria Krakovna Sasha Brown MohammadHossein Bateni Dennis Duan Vlad Firoiu Meghana Thotakuri Tom Natan Anhad Mohananey Matthieu Geist Sidharth Mudgal Sertan Girgin Hui Li Jiayu Ye Ofir Roval Reiko Tojo Contributors Michael Kwong James Lee-Thorp Christopher Yew Quan Yuan Sumit Bagri Danila Sinopalnikov Sabela Ramos John Mellor Abhishek Sharma Aliaksei Severyn Jonathan Lai Kathy Wu Heng-Tze Cheng David Miller Nicolas Sonnerat Denis Vnukov Rory Greig Jennifer Beattie Emily Caveness Libin Bai Julian Eisenschlos Alex Korchemniy Tomy Tsai Mimi Jasarevic Weize Kong Phuong Dao Zeyu Zheng Frederick Liu Fan Yang Rui Zhu Mark Geller Tian Huey Teh Jason Sanmiya Evgeny Gladchenko Nejc Trdin Andrei Sozanschi Daniel Toyama Evan Rosen Sasan Tavakkol Linting Xue Chen Elkind Oliver Woodman John Carpenter George Papamakarios Rupert Kemp Sushant Kafle Tanya Grunina Rishika Sinha Contributors Alice Talbert Abhimanyu Goyal Diane Wu Denese Owusu-Afriyie Cosmo Du Chloe Thornton Jordi Pont-Tuset Pradyumna Narayana Jing Li Saaber Fatehi John Wieting Omar Ajmeri Benigno Uria Tao Zhu Yeongil Ko Laura Knight Amélie Héliou Ning Niu Shane Gu Chenxi Pang Dustin Tran Yeqing Li Nir Levine Ariel Stolovich Norbert Kalb Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez Sonam Goenka Wenny Yustalim Robin Strudel Ali Elqursh Balaji Lakshminarayanan Charlie Deck Shyam Upadhyay Hyo Lee Mike Dusenberry Zonglin Li Xuezhi Wang Kyle Levin Raphael Hoffmann Dan Holtmann-Rice Olivier Bachem Summer Yue Sho Arora Eric Malmi Daniil Mirylenka Qijun Tan Christy Koh Soheil Hassas Yeganeh Contributors Siim Põder Steven Zheng Francesco Pongetti Mukarram Tariq Yanhua Sun Lucian Ionita Mojtaba Seyedhosseini Pouya Tafti Ragha Kotikalapudi Zhiyu Liu Anmol Gulati Jasmine Liu Xinyu Ye Bart Chrzaszcz Lily Wang Nikhil Sethi Tianrun Li Ben Brown Shreya Singh Wei Fan Aaron Parisi Joe Stanton Chenkai Kuang Vinod Koverkathu Christopher A. Choquette-Choo Yunjie Li TJ Lu Abe Ittycheriah Prakash Shroff Pei Sun Mani Varadarajan Sanaz Bahargam Rob Willoughby David Gaddy Ishita Dasgupta Guillaume Desjardins Marco Cornero Brona Robenek Bhavishya Mittal Ben Albrecht Ashish Shenoy Fedor Moiseev Henrik Jacobsson Alireza Ghaffarkhah Morgane Rivière Alanna Walton Clément Crepy Alicia Parrish Contributors Yuan Liu Zongwei Zhou Clement Farabet Carey Radebaugh Praveen Srinivasan Claudia van der Salm Andreas Fidjeland Salvatore Scellato Eri Latorre-Chimoto Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska David Bridson Dario de Cesare Tom Hudson Piermaria Mendolicchio Lexi Walker Alex Morris Ivo Penchev Matthew Mauger Alexey Guseynov Alison Reid Seth Odoom Lucia Loher Victor Cotruta Madhavi Yenugula Dominik Grewe Anastasia Petrushkina Tom Duerig Antonio Sanchez Steve Yadlowsky Amy Shen Amir Globerson Adam Kurzrok Lynette Webb Sahil Dua Dong Li Preethi Lahoti Surya Bhupatiraju Dan Hurt Haroon Qureshi Ananth Agarwal Tomer Shani Matan Eyal Anuj Khare Shreyas Rammohan Belle Lei Wang Chetan Tekur Mihir Sanjay Kale Jinliang Wei Contributors Ruoxin Sang Brennan Saeta Tyler Liechty Yi Sun Yao Zhao Stephan Lee Pandu Nayak Doug Fritz Manish Reddy Vuyyuru John Aslanides Nidhi Vyas Martin Wicke Xiao Ma Taylan Bilal Evgenii Eltyshev Daniel Balle Nina Martin Hardie Cate James Manyika Keyvan Amiri Yelin Kim Xi Xiong Kai Kang Florian Luisier Nilesh Tripuraneni David Madras Mandy Guo Austin Waters Oliver Wang Joshua Ainslie Jason Baldridge Han Zhang Garima Pruthi Jakob Bauer Feng Yang Riham Mansour Jason Gelman Yang Xu George Polovets Ji Liu Honglong Cai Warren Chen XiangHai Sheng Emily Xue Sherjil Ozair Adams Yu Christof Angermueller Contributors Xiaowei Li Weiren Wang Julia Wiesinger Emmanouil Koukoumidis Yuan Tian Anand Iyer Madhu Gurumurthy Mark Goldenson Parashar Shah MK Blake Hongkun Yu Anthony Urbanowicz Jennimaria Palomaki Chrisantha Fernando Kevin Brooks Ken Durden Harsh Mehta Nikola Momchev Elahe Rahimtoroghi Maria Georgaki Amit Raul Sebastian Ruder Morgan Redshaw Jinhyuk Lee Komal Jalan Dinghua Li Ginger Perng Blake Hechtman Parker Schuh Milad Nasr Mia Chen Kieran Milan Vladimir Mikulik Trevor Strohman Juliana Franco Tim Green Program Leads Demis Hassabis Koray Kavukcuoglu Overall Technical Leads (equal contribution) Jeffrey Dean Oriol Vinyals The roles are defined as below: • : Individual(s) responsible for the sub-team throughout the project. Lead Individual that had significant impact throughout the project. • Core Contributor: : Individual that had contributions to the project and was partially involved with the effort. • Contributor Responsible for the organizational aspects of the Gemini effort • Program Lead: Responsible for the technical direction of the overall Gemini effort • Overall Technical Lead: Within each role, contributions are equal, and are listed in a randomized order. Ordering within each role does not indicate ordering of the contributions. Gemini is a cross-Google effort, with members from Google DeepMind (GDM), Google Research (GR), Knowledge and Information (K&I), Core ML, Cloud, Labs, and more. We thank our reviewers and colleagues for their valuable discussions and feedback on the report— Alexandra Belias, Arielle Bier, Eleanor Tomlinson, Emily Hossellman, Gaby Pearl, Helen King, Hollie Dobson, Jaclyn Konzelmann, Jennifer Beroshi, Joel Moss, Jon Small, Jonathan Fildes, Oli Gaymond, Rebecca Bland, Reena Jana, and Tom Lue. Our work is made possible by the dedication and efforts of numerous teams at Google. We would like to acknowledge the support from Abhi Mohan, Adekunle Bello, Aishwarya Nagarajan, Alaa Saade, Alejandro Lince, Alexander Chen, Alexander Kolbasov, Alexander Schiffhauer, Amar Subramanya, Ameya Shringi, Amin Vahdat, Anda Rabatić, Anthonie Gross, Antoine Yang, Anthony Green, Anton Ruddock, Art Khurshudov, Artemis Chen, Arthur Argenson, Avinatan Hassidim, Beiye Liu, Benjamin Schroeder, Bin Ni, Brett Daw, Bryan Chiang, Burak Gokturk, Carl Crous, Carrie Grimes Bostock, Charbel Kaed, Charlotte Banks, Che Diaz, Chris Larkin, Christy Lian, Claire Cui, Clare Bycroft, Corentin Tallec, Daniel Herndon, Dave Burke, David Battle, David Engel, Dipannita Shaw, Donghyun Koo, Doug Ritchie, Dragos Stefanescu, Elissa Wolf, Emre Sargin, Eran Ofek, Eric Herren, Estella King, Fatema Alkhanaizi, Felix Gimeno, Fernando Pereira, Florent Altché, Gabriel Carvajal, Gaurav Gandhi, George Powell, Goran Pavičić, Harry Richardson, Hassan Wassel, Hongji Li, Idan Szpektor, Igor Ivanisevic, Ivan Jambrešić, Ivan Jurin, Jade Fowler, James Assiene, Jay Yagnik, Jeanbastien Grill, Jeff Seibert, Jenna LaPlante, Jessica Austin, Jianxing Lu, Jim O’Keeffe, Jin Huang, Joe Heyward, Johannes Welbl, John Jumper, Jonathan Caton, Josh Woodward, Joshua Foster, Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool, Katrina Wong, Kavya Kopparapu, Kelvin Nguyen, Kira Yin, Konstantin Sharlaimov, Kun Li, Lee Hong, Lilly Taylor, Longfei Shen, Luc Mercier, Maciej Mikuła, Mania Abdi, Manuel Sanchez, Maria Ines Aranguren, Mario Carlos Cortes III, Matthew Tait, Matthias Lochbrunner, Mehdi Ghissassi, Micah Mosley, Michael Bendersky, Michael Figurnov, Michael Harris, Michael Mathieu, Michael O’Neill, Michael Vorburger, Mihir Paradkar, Nandita Dukkipati, Nathan Carter, Nathan Watson, Neil Rabinowitz, Nikhil Dandekar, Nishant Ranka, Obaid Sarvana, Olcan Sercinoglu, Olivier Lacombe, Ottavia Bertolli, Paul Caron, Pranesh Srinivasan, Praveen Kumar, Rahul Sukthankar, Raia Hadsell, Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan, Roberto Lupi, Rosie Zou, Sachin Menezes, Sadegh Jazayeri, Sam Cheung, Sameer Bidichandani, Sania Alex, Sanjiv Kumar, Sara Wiltberger, Sarah Fitzgerald, Saz Basu, Sebastian Nowozin, Shannon Hepburn, Shayne Cardwell, Sissie Hsiao, Srinivasan Venkatachary, Sugato Basu, Sundar Pichai, Sundeep Tirumalareddy, Susannah Young, Swetha Vijayaraghavan, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, Taylor Applebaum, Teiva Harsanyi, Terry Chen, Tim Blyth, Ting Liu, Tom Cobley, Tomas Izo, Trystan Upstill, Varun Singhai, Vedrana Klarić Trupčević, Victor Cai, Vladimir Pudovkin, Vu Dang, Wenbo Zhao, Wesley Crow, Wesley Szeng, Xiaodan Song, Yazhou Zu, Ye Tian, Yicong Wang, Yixing Wang, Yossi Matias, Yunlong Jiao, Zachary Jessup, Zhenchuan Pang, Žiga Avsec, Zimeng Yang, and Zoubin Ghahramani. We’d also like to recognize the AlphaCode team, the Borg Scheduling team, the Facilities team, the Gemini Demo Team, the Global Server Ops (GSO) team, the JAX team, the the Legal team, ML SRE team, the ML Supercomputer (MLSC) team, the PartIR team, the Platforms Infrastructure Engineering (PIE) team, and the XLA Compiler team. We thank everyone at Google not explicitly mentioned above, who have shared excitement, given feedback on early Gemini models or created interesting demo uses of Gemini, and worked with or supported the core Gemini team on many aspects of this project.

Gemini -  A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models: Contributions and Acknowledgments

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Official lists of patents here Official lists of patents ISSUED BY THE U. S. PATENT OFFICE. FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 7, 1871. Reported Officially for the Scientific American. SCHEDULE OF PATENT FEES On each Caveat $10 On each Trade-Mark $25 On filing each application for a Patent, (seventeen years) $15 On issuing each original Patent $20 On appeal to Examiners-in-Chief $10 On appeal to Commissioner of Patents $20 On application for Reissue $30 On application for Extension of Patent $50 On granting the Extension $50 On filing a Disclaimer $10 On an application for Design (three and a half years) $10 On an application for Design (seven years) $15 On an application for Design (fourteen years) $30 For Copy of Claim of any Patent issued within 30 years $1 A sketch from the model or drawing, relating to such portion of a machine as the Claim covers, from upward, but usually at the price above-named. $1 The full Specification of any patent issued since Nov. 20, 1866 at which time the Patent Office commenced printing them $1.25 Official Copies of Drawings of any patent issued since 1836, we can supply at a reasonable cost, the price depending upon the amount of labor involved and the number of views. Full information, as to price of drawings, in each case, may be had by addressing MUNN & CO., Patent Solicitors, 37 Park Row, New York. 112,309.—Hose Sprinkler.—William Anderson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,310.—Locomotive Spark Arrester.—J. G. Armstrong, New Brunswick, N. J. 112,311.—Tool for Carriage Makers' Use.—George Atkinson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,312.—Potato Probe.—John A. Beal, Waterford, N. Y. 112,313.—Hinge for Carriage Doors.—George W. Beers, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,314.—Stove Leg.—James Birckhead, Jr., Baltimore, Md. 112,315.—Clothes Pin.—Orris A. Bishop, Chicago, Ill. 112,316.—Manufacture of Rochelle Salts and Borax.—V. G. Bloede, Brooklyn, N. Y. 112,317.—Beehive.—Felix Brewer, Waynesville, Mo. 112,318.—Thill Coupling.—Theodore Burr (assignor to Allen Muir and Henry Muir), Battle Creek, Mich. 112,319.—Evaporating Pan for Saccharine Liquids.—F. C. Butler, Bellows Falls, Vt., assignor to himself and James B. Williams, Glastonbury, Conn. 112,320.—Door Securer.—William H. Caldwell, Wheeling, W. Va. 112,321.—Toe-calk Bar.—R. B. Caswell, Springfield, Mass. Antedated March 2, 1871. 112,322.—Glass Flattening Furnace and Leer.—James Clabby, Lenox, Mass. 112,323.—Spring Bed Bottom.—Alex. Cole, Manamuskin, N. J. 112,324.—Water Wheel.—E. E. Coleman, West Cummington, Mass. 112,325.—Toy Horse and Carriage.—John B. Cuzner, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,326.—Mackerel-line Holder.—E. L. Decker, Southport, Me. 112,327.—Sewing Machine.—J. William Dufour, Stratford, Conn. 112,328.—Steam Boiler.—Edwards Evans, North Tonawanda, N. Y. 112,329.—Medical Compound for Cure of Catarrh and Asthma.—Erastus Field, Ostrander, Ohio. 112,330.—Machine for Grinding the Cutters of Mowers, etc.—H. C. Fisk, Wellsville, N. Y. 112,331.—Machine for Making Hooks and Eyes.—Jeremy T. Ford, San Francisco, Cal. 112,332.—Churn.—Thompson Freeman, Westfield, Ill. 112,333.—Attachment for Revolving Mold Boards for Plows.—J. S. Godfrey, Leslie, Mich., assignor to himself and S. M. Loveridge, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,334.—Grain Cleaner and Fertilizer Sifter.—J. A. Green, Mill Dale, Va. 112,335.—Screw Propulsion.—E. C. Gregg (assignor to A. H. Gregg and C. P. Gregg), Trumansburg, N. Y. 112,336.—Seeding Machine.—P. M. Gundlach, Belleville, Ill. 112,337.—Compound for Kindling Fires.—J. L. Hannum and S. H. Stebbins, Berea, Ohio. 112,338.—Lawn Mower.—Benjamin Harnish, Lancaster, and D. H. Harnish, Pequea, Pa. 112,339.—Composition for Pavements.—C. B. Harris, New York city. Antedated February 25, 1870. 112,340.—Spring for Vehicles.—John R. Hiller, Woodland, Cal. 112,341.—Harvester Rake.—S. T. Holly, (assignor to John P. Manny), Rockford, Ill. 112,342.—Door Clamp.—Henry O. Hooper, Diamond Springs, Cal. 112,343.—Taper Holder.—Thomas W. Houchin, Morrisania, N. Y. 112,344.—Metallic Garter.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,345.—Bobbin Winder.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,346.—Method of Knitting Stockings, etc.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,347.—Apparatus for Evaporating and concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,348.—Apparatus for Evaporating and Concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,349.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matters.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,350.—Apparatus and Process for Removing Oil from Grain, Seeds, etc.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,351.—Chandelier.—Charles F. Jacobsen, New York city. 112,352.—Culinary Vessel.—Carrie Jessup, New Haven, Conn. 112,353.—Machine for Cutting Leather.—Aberdeen Keith, North Bridgewater, Mass. 112,354.—Attaching Knobs to their Spindles.—John F. Keller and Nathaniel Sehner, Hagerstown, Md. 112,355.—Miter Machine.—T. E. King, Boston, Mass. 112,356.—Take-up for Corset Looms.—Julius Kuttner, New York city. 112,357.—Elevator and Carrier.—T. W. Lackore, Worth, Ill. 112,358.—Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon Oils.—James R. Lee, Grass Valley, Cal. 112,359.—Burglar Alarm.—Robert Lee, Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,360.—Telegraph Apparatus.—L. T. Lindsey, Jackson, Tenn. 112,361.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,362.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,363.—Harvester Rake.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,364.—Cheese Curd Sink.—H. C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,365.—Mowing Machine.—H. C. Markham and Dewitt C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,366.—Propeller.—Alex. J. Marshall, Warrenton, Va. Antedated March 3, 1871. 112,367.—Oiler.—Edward McDuff and E. D. Forrow, Warwick, R. I. 112,368.—Wash Boiler.—John McInnes, Oxford, Pa. 112,369.—Propelling Canal Boats.—H. B. Meech, Fort Edward, N. Y. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,370.—Water-proof Compound for Coating Cloth Wood, Metals, etc.—Peter E. Minor, Schenectady, N. Y. 112,371.—Cooking Stove.—W. N. Moore, Neenah, Wis. 112,372.—Boring Machine.—J. H. Pardieck (assignor to himself and S. M. Brown), Acton, Ind. 112,373.—Vapor Burner.—R. W. Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,374.—Machine for Pointing Blanks for Cultivator Teeth.—John Pedder and George Abel, West Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,375.—Bale Tie.—J. E. Perkins, San Francisco, Cal. 112,376.—Lining Walls with Felt, etc.—James Phillips, Chicago, Ill. 112,377.—Cooking Stove.—Samuel Pierce, Boston, Mass. 112,378.—Tack.—A. A. Porter, New Haven, Conn. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,379.—Machine for Shaping and Cutting Gear Cutters.—F. A. Pratt (assignor to the Pratt & Whitney Company), Hartford, Conn. 112,380.—Combination Camera and Developing Box.—E. C. Ratzell, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,381.—Punching Machine.—J. C. Rhodes, South Abington, Mass. 112,382.—Washing Machine.—J. W. Ricker, Chelsea, Mass. 112,383.—Curtain Fixture.—Charles Robin. Chester, Conn. 112,384.—Machine for Making Printers' Leads.—Isaac Schoenberg, New York city. 112,385.—Slide Valve for Steam Riveting Machines.—Coleman Sellers (assignor to William Sellers & Co.), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,386.—Machine for Polishing Thread.—Samuel Semple, Sr., John Semple, Samuel Semple, Jr., and R. A. Semple, Mount Holly, N. J. 112,387.—Paint Brush.—F. S. Shearer, Washington, Ill. 112,388.—Bee Hive.—S. A. Short, F. J. Short, J. B. Short, and Jasper Kile, Decatur, Ala. 112,389.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matter.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,390.—Retort for Producing Bisulphide of Carbon.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,391.—Utilizing the Silky Down of the Wild Cotton. —M. H. Simpson, Boston, Mass. 112,392.—Pruning Shears.—Frank Smiley, Batavia, N. Y. 112,393.—Water-closet Valve.—A. J. Smith, San Francisco, Cal. 112,394.—Gang Plow.—J. W. Sursa, San Leandro, Cal. 112,395.—Grinding Pan and Amalgamator.—W. H. Thoss, West Point, Cal. 112,396.—Street Lantern.—Augustus Tufts, Malden, Mass. 112,397.—Cooking Stove.—Alvin Warren, Swanton, Ohio. 112,398.—Safety Bridle.—James Weatherhead, San José, Cal. 112,399.—Fire Grate.—George Wellhouse, Akron, Ohio. 112,400.—Hay Knife.—G. F. Weymouth, Dresden, Me. 112,401.—Claw Bar.—Charles Winter, Chillicothe, Ohio. 112,402.—Steam Generator.—J. C. Woodhead, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,403.—Animal Trap.—W. D. Wrightson, Queenstown England. 112,404.—Brush.—John Ames, Lansingburg, N. Y. 112,405.—Clod Fender.—F. L. Bailey, Freeport, Ind. 112,406.—Ruler.—H. S. Ball, Spartanburg, S. C. 112,407.—Fanning Mill.—Benjamin Barney, Time, Ill. 112,408.—Ice-cutting Machine.—Lafayett Barnum (assignor to himself and A. R. Hale), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,409.—Manufacture of Ice.—T. J. Bigger, Kansas City, Mo. 112,410.—Machine for Heading Bolts and Spikes.—Reinhold Boeklen, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to himself and Henry Torstrick New York city. Antedated Feb. 28, 1871. 112,411.—Washing Machine.—Joseph Boswell, L. M. Boswell, Jonathan Palmer, and J. H. James (assignors to themselves and Thomas Starbuck), Wilmington, Ohio. 112,412.—Water Wheel.—E. C. Boyles, New York city. 112,413.—Cotton Press.—R. M. Brooks, Pike county, Ga. 112,414.—Paper-cutting Machine.—Samuel Brown (assignor to himself and C. R. Carver), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,415.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,416.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,417.—Butt Hinge.—J. W. Carleton (assignor to the Union Manufacturing Co.), New Britain, Conn. 112,418.—Machine for Cutting Sheet Metal.—C. R. Choate, East Saginaw, Mich. 112,419.—Bit Brace.—William Cleveland, Lawrence, Mass., assignor to himself and James Swan, Seymour, Conn. 112,420.—Steam Engine Governor.—C. A. Condé, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,421.—Carpet-cleaning Machine.—J. C. Craft (assignor to himself and Antonio Rosello), Baltimore, Md. 112,422.—Steam Regulator for Paper Dryers.—Daniel Crosby, Hampden, Me. 112 423.—Metallic Piston and Valve Rod Packing.—G. M. Cruickshank, Providence, R. I. 112,424.—Grain-thrashing and Separating Machine.—John Culham, Grand Rapids, Mich. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,425.—Cooking Stove.—David Curtis, Mishawaka, assignor to himself and C. B. Graham, South Bend, Ind. 112,426.—Lightning Rod.—S. D. Cushman, New Lisbon, Ohio. 112,427.—Hose Bridge.—Patrick Daily (assignor to himself and J. J. Kehoe), New York city. 112,428.—Cover for Openings in Sidewalks.—William Dale, New York city. 112,429.—Rotary Pump.—F. O. Deschamps, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,430.—Machine for Cutting Files.—James Dodge, Manchester, England, assignor to David Blake, Spencertown, N. Y. 112,431.—Coupling for Railway Cars.—Henry Dubs and S. G. Goodall-Copestake, Glasgow, Great Britain. 112,432.—Tobacco Pipe.—P. J. Dwyer, Elizabethport, N. J. 112,433.—Basket for House Plants.—Albert P. Eastman, Washington, D. C. 112,434.—Sulky Plow.—Milo A. Elliott, Stratford Hollow, N. H. 112,435.—Stretcher for Paintings.—James Fairman, New York city. 112,436.—Body Lantern Holder.—Samuel C. Fessenden, Stamford, Conn. 112,437.—Stove Leg.—Amon L. Finch, Sing Sing, N. Y. 112,438.—Pump Piston.—John S. Follansbee and George Doolittle (assignors to the Forrester Manufacturing Company), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,439.—Shoe.—Samuel W. Francis (assignor to himself and W. H. Newton), Newport, R. I. 112,440.—Guard-Finger for Harvesters.—George Fyfe and Chester Hard, Ottawa, Ill. 112,441.—Dining Table.—S. R. Gardner (assignor to himself and S. M. Marquette), Independence, Iowa. 112,442.—Step Ladder.—M. Boland Geary, New York City. 112,443.—Oilcloth Printing Machinery.—Ebenezer A. Goodes (assignor to Philadelphia Patent and Novelty Company), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,444.—Tenoning Machine.—Lyman Gould, Norwich, Conn. 112,445.—Printer's Case.—Wm. H. A. Gresham, Atlanta, Ga. 112,446.—Lamp Chimney.—Geo. W. Griswold, Factoryville, Pa. 112,447.—Grain Separator.—Philander Griswold, Hudson, Mich. 112,448.—Clamp for Thill Couplings.—John W. Guider (assignor to himself and John Kiefer), St. Joseph, Mo. 112,449.—Bird Cage.—Gottlob Gunther, New York city. 112,450.—Stop Cock and Valve.—William Haas, New York city. 112,451.—Valve for Steam Engines.—Joseph L. Harley, Baltimore, Md., and Xaver Fendrich, Georgetown, D. C. 112,452.—Metallic Hub.—John H. Harper, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,453.—Composition for Lubricating Machinery.—E. Q. Henderson (assignor to John C. Burroughs and Richard A. Springs) Charlotte, N. C. 112,454.—Post-hole Digger.—Bryant B. Herrick, Decatur, Mich. 112,455.—Door Check.—Levi S. Hicks (assignor to himself, J. Perrin Johnson, and John Buell), Peoria, Ill. 112,456.—Railway-car Brake.—Luther Hill, Stoneham, and Seth D. Tripp, Lynn, Mass. 112,457.—Truss.—Adam Hinoult, Montgomery, N. Y. 112,458.—Feed Bag for Horses.—Walter A. Hough, South Butler, N. Y. 112,459.—Shade Holder for Lamps—Mark W. House, Cleveland, Ohio. 112,460.—Lamp Chimney.—Mark Wiggins House (assignor to the Cleveland Non-Explosive Lamp Company), Cleveland, Ohio. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,461.—Horse Hay Rake.—James Howard and E. T. Bousfield, Bedford, England. 112,462.—Tongs for Rolling Barrels.—Mark W. Ingle, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,463.—Pitman.—George W. Jayson, Lodi, Ohio. 112,464.—Paste for Paper Hangings.—John Jones (assignor to himself and Henry A. Smith), New York city. 112,465.—Twine Holder.—Edward M. Judd, New Haven, Ct. 112,466.—Clothes Pin or Clasp.—Amos L. Keeports and William Yount, Littletown, Pa. 112,467.—Putting up Hams.—Samuel Edward Kelly, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,468.—Limn Kiln.—Thomas A. Kirk, Kansas City, Mo. 112,469.—Fastening for Seats for Wagons or Sleighs.—John G. Knapp and John F. Robertson (assignors of one third their right to James H. Holly), Warwick, N. Y. 112,470.—Potato Planter.—George Knowlton (assignor for one-half his right to N. Haynes), Johnstown, Pa. 112,471.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,472.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,473.—Railroad Cattle-Guard Gate.—J. H. Mallory, La Porte, Ind. 112,474.—Back-reflecting Mirror.—Richard Mason (assignor to himself and Matthew Ely), Newark, N. J. 112,475.—Ventilator and Chimney Top.—James McGowan (assignor to himself and Daniel H. Waring), New York city. 112,476.—Apparatus for Rectifying and Refining Spirits.—Frederick Measey (assignor to himself and Henry D. Fling), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,477.—Tin Can.—John F. Merrill (assignor to himself and Alexander Stewart), Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,478.—Take-up Mechanism for Looms.—John Michna and Joseph Fischer, New York city. 112,479.—Combined Baker and Broiler.—Wm. H. Miller, Brandenburg, Ky. 112,480.—Shuttle for Sewing Machines.—James D. Moore, Grinnell, Iowa. 112,481.—Cotton Chopper and Grain Cultivator.—Daniel Mosely, Osark, Arkansas. 112,482.—Sad and Fluting Iron.—Frederick Myers, New York city. 112,483.—Reed for Organs and Melodeons.—Augustus Newell, Chicago, Ill. 112,484.—Straw Cutter.—Amon Park, Germanville, Iowa. 112,485.—Apparatus for Aging Whisky and Other Spirits.—Josiah Peiffer and Samuel Richards, Valonia, Pa. 112,486.—Combined Cotton and Corn Planter.—Louis A. Perrault (assignor to himself and Joseph Huber), Natchez, Miss. 112,487.—Faucet.—Solomon Pfleger, Reading, assignor to himself and J. S. Pfleger, Tamaqua, Pa. 112,488.—Treadle.—George K. Proctor, Salem, Mass. 112,489.—Lubricating Compound.—Victory Purdy, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 112,490.—Fertilizer and Seeding Machine.—Archibald Putnam (assignor to Elizabeth Putnam), Owego, N. Y. 112,491.—Rotary Pump.—George W. Putnam, South Glens Falls, N. Y. 112,492.—Hat Brush.—Robert Dunbar Radcliffe, Palmyra, N. Y. 112,493.—Refrigerating Show Case.—Thomas L. Rankin, Lyndon, Kansas, assignor to himself and D. W. Rockwell, Elyria, Ohio. 112,494.—Device for Starting and Stopping Cars.—Philip Rhoads, Carlisle, Pa. 112,495.—Pipe-molding Machine.—George Richardson, Milwaukee, Wis. 112,496.—Sulky Cultivator.—Richard B. Robbins, Adrian, Mich. 112,497.—Hand Plow.—Nelson Rue, Harrodsburg, Ky. 112,498.—Mechanical Movement.—Edward G. Russell, Ravenna, Ohio. 112,499.—Railway Car Brake.—Lyman Alphonzo Russell, Shrewsbury, Vt. 112,500.—Stovepipe Cleaner.—David Sanford, Ashton, Ill. 112,501.—Twine Holder.—Joseph B. Sargent and Purmont Bradford (assignors to Sargent & Co.), New Haven, Conn. 112,502.—Dovetailing Machine.—James M. Seymour, Newark, N. J. 112,503.—Wooden Pavement.—Eaton Shaw, Portland, Me. 112,504.—Guard for Circular Saws.—George W. Shipman, Ischua, N. Y. 112,505.—Breech-loading Firearm.—Dexter Smith and Martin J. Chamberlin, Springfield, Mass. 112,506.—Spark Arrester.—James Smith, Altoona, Pa. 112,507.—Horse Hay Rake.—Solomon P. Smith, Waterford, N. Y. 112,508.—Plow.—S. M. Stewart, New Harrisburg, Ohio. 112,509.—Medical Compound for Treating Fever and Ague.—George E. Swan, Mount Vernon, Ohio. 112,510.—Device for Cooling Journals of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,511.—Cooling Journal of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,512.—Cooling Journal of Car-wheel Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,513.—Device for Cooling Journals of Railway Cars.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,514.—Non-heating Handle for Sad Irons, etc.—William H. Towers, Boston, Mass. 112,515.—Lubricator.—John Erst Uhl, Renovo, Pa. 112,516.—Combined Corn Planter and Cultivator.—Franklin Underwood, South Rutland, N. Y. 112,517.—King Bolt.—Wendel Vondersaar, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,518.—Wheat Roaster.—George W. Waitt (assignor to himself and Robert B. Fitts), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,519.—Plaster Sower.—Thomas J. West, Alfred Center, N. Y. 112,520.—Ticket Holder.—Henry Wexel, Providence, R. I. 112,521.—Tobacco Press.—Abraham N. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. 112,522.—Combined Bag Holder and Scales.—William Zimmerman, Lebanon, Pa. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,523.—Breech-loading Firearm.—James M. Mason, Washington, D. C. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Official lists of patents

Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . SENSITIVE NATIONALITY here CHAPTER XIV. SENSITIVE NATIONALITY When the schooner had approached the island, the Englishmen were able to make out the name “ ” painted on the aft-board. A sinuous irregularity of the coast had formed a kind of cove, which, though hardly spacious enough for a few fishing-smacks, would afford the yacht a temporary anchorage, so long as the wind did not blow violently from either west or south. Into this cove the was duly signaled, and as soon as she was safely moored, she lowered her four-oar, and Count Timascheff and Captain Servadac made their way at once to land. Dobryna Dobryna Colonel Heneage Finch Murphy and Major Sir John Temple Oliphant stood, grave and prim, formally awaiting the arrival of their visitors. Captain Servadac, with the uncontrolled vivacity natural to a Frenchman, was the first to speak. “A joyful sight, gentlemen!” he exclaimed. “It will give us unbounded pleasure to shake hands again with some of our fellow-creatures. You, no doubt, have escaped the same disaster as ourselves.” But the English officers, neither by word nor gesture, made the slightest acknowledgment of this familiar greeting. “What news can you give us of France, England, or Russia?” continued Servadac, perfectly unconscious of the stolid rigidity with which his advances were received. “We are anxious to hear anything you can tell us. Have you had communications with Europe? Have you—” “To whom have we the honor of speaking?” at last interposed Colonel Murphy, in the coldest and most measured tone, and drawing himself up to his full height. “Ah! how stupid! I forgot,” said Servadac, with the slightest possible shrug of the shoulders; “we have not been introduced.” Then, with a wave of his hand towards his companion, who meanwhile had exhibited a reserve hardly less than that of the British officers, he said: “Allow me to introduce you to Count Wassili Timascheff.” “Major Sir John Temple Oliphant,” replied the colonel. The Russian and the Englishman mutually exchanged the stiffest of bows. “I have the pleasure of introducing Captain Servadac,” said the count in his turn. “And this is Colonel Heneage Finch Murphy,” was the major’s grave rejoinder. More bows were interchanged and the ceremony brought to its due conclusion. It need hardly be said that the conversation had been carried on in French, a language which is generally known both by Russians and Englishmen—a circumstance that is probably in some measure to be accounted for by the refusal of Frenchmen to learn either Russian or English. The formal preliminaries of etiquette being thus complete, there was no longer any obstacle to a freer intercourse. The colonel, signing to his guests to follow, led the way to the apartment occupied jointly by himself and the major, which, although only a kind of casemate hollowed in the rock, nevertheless wore a general air of comfort. Major Oliphant accompanied them, and all four having taken their seats, the conversation was commenced. Irritated and disgusted at all the cold formalities, Hector Servadac resolved to leave all the talking to the count; and he, quite aware that the Englishmen would adhere to the fiction that they could be supposed to know nothing that had transpired previous to the introduction felt himself obliged to recapitulate matters from the very beginning. “You must be aware, gentlemen,” began the count, “that a most singular catastrophe occurred on the 1st of January last. Its cause, its limits we have utterly failed to discover, but from the appearance of the island on which we find you here, you have evidently experienced its devastating consequences.” The Englishmen, in silence, bowed assent. “Captain Servadac, who accompanies me,” continued the count, “has been most severely tried by the disaster. Engaged as he was in an important mission as a staff-officer in Algeria—” “A French colony, I believe,” interposed Major Oliphant, half shutting his eyes with an expression of supreme indifference. Servadac was on the point of making some cutting retort, but Count Timascheff, without allowing the interruption to be noticed, calmly continued his narrative: “It was near the mouth of the Shelif that a portion of Africa, on that eventful night, was transformed into an island which alone survived; the rest of the vast continent disappeared as completely as if it had never been.” The announcement seemed by no means startling to the phlegmatic colonel. “Indeed!” was all he said. “And where were you?” asked Major Oliphant. “I was out at sea, cruising in my yacht; hard by; and I look upon it as a miracle, and nothing less, that I and my crew escaped with our lives.” “I congratulate you on your luck,” replied the major. The count resumed: “It was about a month after the great disruption that I was sailing—my engine having sustained some damage in the shock—along the Algerian coast, and had the pleasure of meeting with my previous acquaintance, Captain Servadac, who was resident upon the island with his orderly, Ben Zoof.” “Ben who?” inquired the major. “Zoof! Ben Zoof!” ejaculated Servadac, who could scarcely shout loud enough to relieve his pent-up feelings. Ignoring this ebullition of the captain’s spleen, the count went on to say: “Captain Servadac was naturally most anxious to get what news he could. Accordingly, he left his servant on the island in charge of his horses, and came on board the with me. We were quite at a loss to know where we should steer, but decided to direct our course to what previously had been the east, in order that we might, if possible, discover the colony of Algeria; but of Algeria not a trace remained.” Dobryna The colonel curled his lip, insinuating only too plainly that to him it was by no means surprising that a French colony should be wanting in the element of stability. Servadac observed the supercilious look, and half rose to his feet, but, smothering his resentment, took his seat again without speaking. “The devastation, gentlemen,” said the count, who persistently refused to recognize the Frenchman’s irritation, “everywhere was terrible and complete. Not only was Algeria lost, but there was no trace of Tunis, except one solitary rock, which was crowned by an ancient tomb of one of the kings of France—” “Louis the Ninth, I presume,” observed the colonel. “Saint Louis,” blurted out Servadac, savagely. Colonel Murphy slightly smiled. Proof against all interruption, Count Timascheff, as if he had not heard it, went on without pausing. He related how the schooner had pushed her way onwards to the south, and had reached the Gulf of Cabes; and how she had ascertained for certain that the Sahara Sea had no longer an existence. The smile of disdain again crossed the colonel’s face; he could not conceal his opinion that such a destiny for the work of a Frenchman could be no matter of surprise. “Our next discovery,” continued the count, “was that a new coast had been upheaved right along in front of the coast of Tripoli, the geological formation of which was altogether strange, and which extended to the north as far as the proper place of Malta.” “And Malta,” cried Servadac, unable to control himself any longer; “Malta—town, forts, soldiers, governor, and all—has vanished just like Algeria.” For a moment a cloud rested upon the colonel’s brow, only to give place to an expression of decided incredulity. “The statement seems highly incredible,” he said. “Incredible?” repeated Servadac. “Why is it that you doubt my word?” The captain’s rising wrath did not prevent the colonel from replying coolly, “Because Malta belongs to England.” “I can’t help that,” answered Servadac, sharply; “it has gone just as utterly as if it had belonged to China.” Colonel Murphy turned deliberately away from Servadac, and appealed to the count: “Do you not think you may have made some error, count, in reckoning the bearings of your yacht?” “No, colonel, I am quite certain of my reckonings; and not only can I testify that Malta has disappeared, but I can affirm that a large section of the Mediterranean has been closed in by a new continent. After the most anxious investigation, we could discover only one narrow opening in all the coast, and it is by following that little channel that we have made our way hither. England, I fear, has suffered grievously by the late catastrophe. Not only has Malta been entirely lost, but of the Ionian Islands that were under England’s protection, there seems to be but little left.” “Ay, you may depend upon it,” said Servadac, breaking in upon the conversation petulantly, “your grand resident lord high commissioner has not much to congratulate himself about in the condition of Corfu.” The Englishmen were mystified. “Corfu, did you say?” asked Major Oliphant. “Yes, Corfu; I said Corfu,” replied Servadac, with a sort of malicious triumph. The officers were speechless with astonishment. The silence of bewilderment was broken at length by Count Timascheff making inquiry whether nothing had been heard from England, either by telegraph or by any passing ship. “No,” said the colonel; “not a ship has passed; and the cable is broken.” “But do not the Italian telegraphs assist you?” continued the count. “Italian! I do not comprehend you. You must mean the Spanish, surely.” “How?” demanded Timascheff. “Confound it!” cried the impatient Servadac. “What matters whether it be Spanish or Italian? Tell us, have you had no communication at all from Europe?—no news of any sort from London?” “Hitherto, none whatever,” replied the colonel; adding with a stately emphasis, “but we shall be sure to have tidings from England before long.” “Whether England is still in existence or not, I suppose,” said Servadac, in a tone of irony. The Englishmen started simultaneously to their feet. “England in existence?” the colonel cried. “England! Ten times more probable that France—” “France!” shouted Servadac in a passion. “France is not an island that can be submerged; France is an integral portion of a solid continent. France, at least, is safe.” A scene appeared inevitable, and Count Timascheff’s efforts to conciliate the excited parties were of small avail. “You are at home here,” said Servadac, with as much calmness as he could command; “it will be advisable, I think, for this discussion to be carried on in the open air.” And hurriedly he left the room. Followed immediately by the others, he led the way to a level piece of ground, which he considered he might fairly claim as neutral territory. “Now, gentlemen,” he began haughtily, “permit me to represent that, in spite of any loss France may have sustained in the fate of Algeria, France is ready to answer any provocation that affects her honor. Here I am the representative of my country, and here, on neutral ground—” “Neutral ground?” objected Colonel Murphy; “I beg your pardon. This, Captain Servadac, is English territory. Do you not see the English flag?” and, as he spoke, he pointed with national pride to the British standard floating over the top of the island. “Pshaw!” cried Servadac, with a contemptuous sneer; “that flag, you know, has been hoisted but a few short weeks.” “That flag has floated where it is for ages,” asserted the colonel. “An imposture!” shouted Servadac, as he stamped with rage. Recovering his composure in a degree, he continued: “Can you suppose that I am not aware that this island on which we find you is what remains of the Ionian representative republic, over which you English exercise the right of protection, but have no claim of government?” The colonel and the major looked at each other in amazement. Although Count Timascheff secretly sympathized with Servadac, he had carefully refrained from taking part in the dispute; but he was on the point of interfering, when the colonel, in a greatly subdued tone, begged to be allowed to speak. “I begin to apprehend,” he said, “that you must be la-boring under some strange mistake. There is no room for questioning that the territory here is England’s—England’s by right of conquest; ceded to England by the Treaty of Utrecht. Three times, indeed—in 1727, 1779, and 1792—France and Spain have disputed our title, but always to no purpose. You are, I assure you, at the present moment, as much on English soil as if you were in London, in the middle of Trafalgar Square.” It was now the turn of the captain and the count to look surprised. “Are we not, then, in Corfu?” they asked. “You are at Gibraltar,” replied the colonel. Gibraltar! The word fell like a thunderclap upon their ears. Gibraltar! the western extremity of the Mediterranean! Why, had they not been sailing persistently to the east? Could they be wrong in imagining that they had reached the Ionian Islands? What new mystery was this? Count Timascheff was about to proceed with a more rigorous investigation, when the attention of all was arrested by a loud outcry. Turning round, they saw that the crew of the was in hot dispute with the English soldiers. A general altercation had arisen from a disagreement between the sailor Panofka and Corporal Pim. It had transpired that the cannon-ball fired in experiment from the island had not only damaged one of the spars of the schooner, but had broken Panofka’s pipe, and, moreover, had just grazed his nose, which, for a Russian’s, was unusually long. The discussion over this mishap led to mutual recriminations, till the sailors had almost come to blows with the garrison. Dobryna Servadac was just in the mood to take Panofka’s part, which drew from Major Oliphant the remark that England could not be held responsible for any accidental injury done by her cannon, and if the Russian’s long nose came in the way of the ball, the Russian must submit to the mischance. This was too much for Count Timascheff, and having poured out a torrent of angry invective against the English officers, he ordered his crew to embark immediately. “We shall meet again,” said Servadac, as they pushed off from shore. “Whenever you please,” was the cool reply. The geographical mystery haunted the minds of both the count and the captain, and they felt they could never rest till they had ascertained what had become of their respective countries. They were glad to be on board again, that they might résumé their voyage of investigation, and in two hours were out of sight of the sole remaining fragment of Gibraltar. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1998). Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1353/pg1353-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

SENSITIVE NATIONALITY

Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . A ROYAL SALUTE here CHAPTER XIII. A ROYAL SALUTE “Then I take your bishop, major,” said Colonel Murphy, as he made a move that he had taken since the previous evening to consider. “I was afraid you would,” replied Major Oliphant, looking intently at the chess-board. Such was the way in which a long silence was broken on the morning of the 17th of February by the old calendar. Another day elapsed before another move was made. It was a protracted game; it had, in fact, already lasted some months—the players being so deliberate, and so fearful of taking a step without the most mature consideration, that even now they were only making the twentieth move. Both of them, moreover, were rigid disciples of the renowned Philidor, who pronounces that to play the pawns well is “the soul of chess”; and, accordingly, not one pawn had been sacrificed without a most vigorous defense. The men who were thus beguiling their leisure were two officers in the British army—Colonel Heneage Finch Murphy and Major Sir John Temple Oliphant. Remarkably similar in personal appearance, they were hardly less so in personal character. Both of them were about forty years of age; both of them were tall and fair, with bushy whiskers and mustaches; both of them were phlegmatic in temperament, and both much addicted to the wearing of their uniforms. They were proud of their nationality, and exhibited a manifest dislike, verging upon contempt, of everything foreign. Probably they would have felt no surprise if they had been told that Anglo-Saxons were fashioned out of some specific clay, the properties of which surpassed the investigation of chemical analysis. Without any intentional disparagement they might, in a certain way, be compared to two scarecrows which, though perfectly harmless in themselves, inspire some measure of respect, and are excellently adapted to protect the territory intrusted to their guardianship. English-like, the two officers had made themselves thoroughly at home in the station abroad in which it had been their lot to be quartered. The faculty of colonization seems to be indigenous to the native character; once let an Englishman plant his national standard on the surface of the moon, and it would not be long before a colony was established round it. The officers had a servant, named Kirke, and a company of ten soldiers of the line. This party of thirteen men were apparently the sole survivors of an overwhelming catastrophe, which on the 1st of January had transformed an enormous rock, garrisoned with well-nigh two thousand troops, into an insignificant island far out to sea. But although the transformation had been so marvelous, it cannot be said that either Colonel Murphy or Major Oliphant had made much demonstration of astonishment. “This is all very peculiar, Sir John,” observed the colonel. “Yes, colonel; very peculiar,” replied the major. “England will be sure to send for us,” said one officer. “No doubt she will,” answered the other. Accordingly, they came to the mutual resolution that they would “stick to their post.” To say the truth, it would have been a difficult matter for the gallant officers to do otherwise; they had but one small boat; therefore, it was well that they made a virtue of necessity, and resigned themselves to patient expectation of the British ship which, in due time, would bring relief. They had no fear of starvation. Their island was mined with subterranean stores, more than ample for thirteen men—nay, for thirteen Englishmen—for the next five years at least. Preserved meat, ale, brandy—all were in abundance; consequently, as the men expressed it, they were in this respect “all right.” Of course, the physical changes that had taken place had attracted the notice both of officers and men. But the reversed position of east and west, the diminution of the force of gravity, the altered rotation of the earth, and her projection upon a new orbit, were all things that gave them little concern and no uneasiness; and when the colonel and the major had replaced the pieces on the board which had been disturbed by the convulsion, any surprise they might have felt at the chess-men losing some portion of their weight was quite forgotten in the satisfaction of seeing them retain their equilibrium. One phenomenon, however, did not fail to make its due impression upon the men; this was the diminution in the length of day and night. Three days after the catastrophe, Corporal Pim, on behalf of himself and his comrades, solicited a formal interview with the officers. The request having been granted, Pim, with the nine soldiers, all punctiliously wearing the regimental tunic of scarlet and trousers of invisible green, presented themselves at the door of the colonel’s room, where he and his brother-officer were continuing their game. Raising his hand respectfully to his cap, which he wore poised jauntily over his right ear, and scarcely held on by the strap below his under lip, the corporal waited permission to speak. After a lingering survey of the chess-board, the colonel slowly lifted his eyes, and said with official dignity, “Well, men, what is it?” “First of all, sir,” replied the corporal, “we want to speak to you about our pay, and then we wish to have a word with the major about our rations.” “Say on, then,” said Colonel Murphy. “What is it about your pay?” “Just this, sir; as the days are only half as long as they were, we should like to know whether our pay is to be diminished in proportion.” The colonel was taken somewhat aback, and did not reply immediately, though by some significant nods towards the major, he indicated that he thought the question very reasonable. After a few moments’ reflection, he replied, “It must, I think, be allowed that your pay was calculated from sunrise to sunrise; there was no specification of what the interval should be. Your pay will continue as before. England can afford it.” A buzz of approval burst involuntarily from all the men, but military discipline and the respect due to their officers kept them in check from any boisterous demonstration of their satisfaction. “And now, corporal, what is your business with me?” asked Major Oliphant. “We want to know whether, as the days are only six hours long, we are to have but two meals instead of four?” The officers looked at each other, and by their glances agreed that the corporal was a man of sound common sense. “Eccentricities of nature,” said the major, “cannot interfere with military regulations. It is true that there will be but an interval of an hour and a half between them, but the rule stands good—four meals a day. England is too rich to grudge her soldiers any of her soldiers’ due. Yes; four meals a day.” “Hurrah!” shouted the soldiers, unable this time to keep their delight within the bounds of military decorum; and, turning to the right-about, they marched away, leaving the officers to renew the all-absorbing game. However confident everyone upon the island might profess to be that succor would be sent them from their native land—for Britain never abandons any of her sons—it could not be disguised that that succor was somewhat tardy in making its appearance. Many and various were the conjectures to account for the delay. Perhaps England was engrossed with domestic matters, or perhaps she was absorbed in diplomatic difficulties; or perchance, more likely than all, Northern Europe had received no tidings of the convulsion that had shattered the south. The whole party throve remarkably well upon the liberal provisions of the commissariat department, and if the officers failed to show the same tendency to which was fast becoming characteristic of the men, it was only because they deemed it due to their rank to curtail any indulgences which might compromise the fit of their uniform. embonpoint On the whole, time passed indifferently well. An Englishman rarely suffers from , and then only in his own country, when required to conform to what he calls “the humbug of society”; and the two officers, with their similar tastes, ideas, and dispositions, got on together admirably. It is not to be questioned that they were deeply affected by a sense of regret for their lost comrades, and astounded beyond measure at finding themselves the sole survivors of a garrison of 1,895 men, but with true British pluck and self-control, they had done nothing more than draw up a report that 1,882 names were missing from the muster-roll. ennui The island itself, the sole surviving fragment of an enormous pile of rock that had reared itself some 1,600 feet above the sea, was not, strictly speaking, the only land that was visible; for about twelve miles to the south there was another island, apparently the very counterpart of what was now occupied by the Englishmen. It was only natural that this should awaken some interest even in the most imperturbable minds, and there was no doubt that the two officers, during one of the rare intervals when they were not absorbed in their game, had decided that it would be desirable at least to ascertain whether the island was deserted, or whether it might not be occupied by some others, like themselves, survivors from the general catastrophe. Certain it is that one morning, when the weather was bright and calm, they had embarked alone in the little boat, and been absent for seven or eight hours. Not even to Corporal Pim did they communicate the object of their excursion, nor say one syllable as to its result, and it could only be inferred from their manner that they were quite satisfied with what they had seen; and very shortly afterwards Major Oliphant was observed to draw up a lengthy document, which was no sooner finished than it was formally signed and sealed with the seal of the 33rd Regiment. It was directed: To the First Lord of the Admiralty,
  London, and kept in readiness for transmission by the first ship that should hail in sight. But time elapsed, and here was the 18th of February without an opportunity having been afforded for any communication with the British Government. At breakfast that morning, the colonel observed to the major that he was under the most decided impression that the 18th of February was a royal anniversary; and he went on to say that, although he had received no definite instructions on the subject, he did not think that the peculiar circumstances under which they found themselves should prevent them from giving the day its due military honors. The major quite concurred; and it was mutually agreed that the occasion must be honored by a bumper of port, and by a royal salute. Corporal Pim must be sent for. The corporal soon made his appearance, smacking his lips, having, by a ready intuition, found a pretext for a double morning ration of spirits. “The 18th of February, you know, Pim,” said the colonel; “we must have a salute of twenty-one guns.” “Very good,” replied Pim, a man of few words. “And take care that your fellows don’t get their arms and legs blown off,” added the officer. “Very good, sir,” said the corporal; and he made his salute and withdrew. Of all the bombs, howitzers, and various species of artillery with which the fortress had been crowded, one solitary piece remained. This was a cumbrous muzzle-loader of 9-inch caliber, and, in default of the smaller ordnance generally employed for the purpose, had to be brought into requisition for the royal salute. A sufficient number of charges having been provided, the corporal brought his men to the reduct, whence the gun’s mouth projected over a sloping embrasure. The two officers, in cocked hats and full staff uniform, attended to take charge of the proceedings. The gun was maneuvered in strict accordance with the rules of “The Artilleryman’s Manual,” and the firing commenced. Not unmindful of the warning he had received, the corporal was most careful between each discharge to see that every vestige of fire was extinguished, so as to prevent an untimely explosion while the men were reloading; and accidents, such as so frequently mar public rejoicings, were all happily avoided. Much to the chagrin of both Colonel Murphy and Major Oliphant, the effect of the salute fell altogether short of their anticipations. The weight of the atmosphere was so reduced that there was comparatively little resistance to the explosive force of the gases, liberated at the cannon’s mouth, and there was consequently none of the reverberation, like rolling thunder, that ordinarily follows the discharge of heavy artillery. Twenty times had the gun been fired, and it was on the point of being loaded for the last time, when the colonel laid his hand upon the arm of the man who had the ramrod. “Stop!” he said; “we will have a ball this time. Let us put the range of the piece to the test.” “A good idea!” replied the major. “Corporal, you hear the orders.” In quick time an artillery-wagon was on the spot, and the men lifted out a full-sized shot, weighing 200 lbs., which, under ordinary circumstances, the cannon would carry about four miles. It was proposed, by means of telescopes, to note the place where the ball first touched the water, and thus to obtain an approximation sufficiently accurate as to the true range. Having been duly charged with powder and ball, the gun was raised to an angle of something under 45 degrees, so as to allow proper development to the curve that the projectile would make, and, at a signal from the major, the light was applied to the priming. “Heavens!” “By all that’s good!” exclaimed both officers in one breath, as, standing open-mouthed, they hardly knew whether they were to believe the evidence of their own senses. “Is it possible?” The diminution of the force of attraction at the earth’s surface was so considerable that the ball had sped beyond the horizon. “Incredible!” ejaculated the colonel. “Incredible!” echoed the major. “Six miles at least!” observed the one. “Ay, more than that!” replied the other. Awhile, they gazed at the sea and at each other in mute amazement. But in the midst of their perplexity, what sound was that which startled them? Was it mere fancy? Was it the reverberation of the cannon still booming in their ears? Or was it not truly the report of another and a distant gun in answer to their own? Attentively and eagerly they listened. Twice, thrice did the sound repeat itself. It was quite distinct. There could be no mistake. “I told you so,” cried the colonel, triumphantly. “I knew our country would not forsake us; it is an English ship, no doubt.” In half an hour two masts were visible above the horizon. “See! Was I not right? Our country was sure to send to our relief. Here is the ship.” “Yes,” replied the major; “she responded to our gun.” “It is to be hoped,” muttered the corporal, “that our ball has done her no damage.” Before long the hull was full in sight. A long trail of smoke betokened her to be a steamer; and very soon, by the aid of the glass, it could be ascertained that she was a schooner-yacht, and making straight for the island. A flag at her mast-head fluttered in the breeze, and towards this the two officers, with the keenest attention, respectively adjusted their focus. Simultaneously the two telescopes were lowered. The colonel and the major stared at each other in blank astonishment. “Russian!” they gasped. And true it was that the flag that floated at the head of yonder mast was the blue cross of Russia. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1998). Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1353/pg1353-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

A ROYAL SALUTE

FinTech, or financial technology, is a booming industry that uses cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, data analytics and cloud computing to transform and improve financial processes and services. FinTech companies offer innovative solutions for various financial needs, such as payments, lending, investing, insurance, wealth management and more. They challenge the traditional financial institutions and create new markets and opportunities. However, FinTech companies also face significant challenges in terms of cost optimization, which is essential for their profitability and sustainability in a highly competitive environment. Cost optimization means strategically controlling and reducing expenses, improving financial efficiency and maximizing the return on investment. Inefficient operations can result in high costs, unhappy customers, low competitiveness and slow economic growth. In this article, we will examine the main types of costs that FinTech companies have to cope with, the strategies they can employ to optimize them and the future trends that will influence the cost optimization landscape. The Cost Structure of FinTech Companies FinTech companies have different types of costs depending on their business model, target market, product portfolio and technology stack. According to Toptal, some of the : main cost categories are These are the costs of running the essential backstage operations that keep the main business functions smooth and secure, such as handling transactions, assisting customers, updating systems, stopping fraudsters and managing risks. These costs are crucial for ensuring cost-effectiveness and customer satisfaction. Operational costs can vary depending on the volume and complexity of transactions, the quality and availability of customer service, the reliability and security of systems and the effectiveness of fraud and risk management. For instance, Revolut, a digital banking platform that delivers banking, payments, investing, budgeting and crypto services, has operational costs associated with handling millions of transactions per day, offering round-the-clock customer support in various languages, sustaining its cloud-based architecture and adhering to anti-money laundering rules. Operational Costs: These are the expenses related to the infrastructure that enables the delivery of FinTech services, such as cloud platforms, software licenses, hardware devices, cybersecurity tools and network connectivity. These costs are often high for FinTech companies as they invest heavily in innovation and security to provide seamless, reliable and secure financial services. Technology costs can vary depending on the type and scale of technology used, the level of customization and integration required, the frequency of updates and maintenance needed and the degree of protection against cyberattacks. For example, Stripe, a global payment platform that enables online businesses to accept and manage payments, has technology costs related to using cloud platforms such as AWS, software licenses such as Ruby on Rails, hardware devices such as card readers, cybersecurity tools such as Stripe Radar and network connectivity such as internet service providers. Technology Costs: These include salaries, benefits, training and recruitment expenses related to hiring and managing skilled talent. This type of costs is a key driver for FinTech companies as they need to attract and retain finance and technology experts who can develop, implement and maintain cutting-edge solutions. Human resource costs can vary depending on the number and quality of employees hired, the level of training and development provided, the turnover rate and retention rate of employees and the compensation structure and incentives offered. For instance, Acorns, an investment app that helps users save and invest their spare change, has human resource costs related to hiring and managing over 200 employees, providing online courses and training programs, offering referral bonuses and stock options and maintaining a low turnover rate. Human Resource Costs: These significant expenses are related to complying with the legal and regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions where FinTech companies operate. Regulatory costs include compliance monitoring systems, legal and regulatory filings, audits, fines and penalties. FinTech companies need to adhere to complex and evolving regulations that aim to protect consumers, ensure financial stability and prevent money laundering and terrorism financing. Regulatory costs can change based on the range and difficulty of regulations, the regularity and rigor of compliance audits performed, the quantity and harshness of fines or sanctions enforced and the assets and proficiency required to comply with regulations. As an example, to obey the insurance laws and regulations in different states, Coalition, an insurance app that provides cyber insurance and security tools for businesses, faces regulatory costs. These costs include using compliance monitoring systems such as Plaid, filing legal and regulatory reports with authorities, undergoing audits by regulators and insurers, adhering to regulations and dodging fines or penalties for non-compliance. Regulatory Costs: These are the less obvious expenses that can accumulate over time and impact the bottom line. Hidden costs include customer acquisition costs, system downtime costs, inefficiency costs, opportunity costs and reputation costs. FinTech companies need to be aware of these hidden costs and take measures to avoid or minimize them. Hidden costs can vary depending on the effectiveness of marketing strategies used to acquire customers, the availability and reliability of systems and services, the level of operational efficiency and productivity, the potential revenue lost due to missed opportunities and the impact of negative feedback or reviews on brand image and customer loyalty. Hidden Costs: For example, ZestFinance, a lending app that uses machine learning to provide fair and transparent credit, has hidden costs related to acquiring customers through online channels such as Google Ads or Facebook Ads, experiencing system downtime due to technical issues or cyberattacks, losing efficiency due to manual processes or errors, missing opportunities due to limited market reach or product range and damaging reputation due to customer complaints or lawsuits. The Cost Optimization Strategies for FinTech Companies FinTech companies have a range of options to fine-tune their costs and boost their bottom line. Some of the popular strategies are: These technologies can help FinTech companies improve their efficiency, enhance their customer experience and reduce their labor costs by automating repetitive tasks, streamlining workflows, providing personalized recommendations, detecting anomalies and optimizing decisions. For instance, FinTech companies can use automation to speed up transaction processing, AI to provide tailored financial advice and machine learning to prevent fraud losses. A recent example of a FinTech company that leverages automation, AI and machine learning is SpdLoad, a FinTech app development company that uses these technologies to create custom FinTech solutions for its clients. SpdLoad uses automation to reduce development time and costs, AI to provide data-driven insights and machine learning to improve user experience and security. Leverage automation, AI and machine learning: Lean principles are a set of practices that aim to streamline processes, eliminate waste, increase efficiency and deliver value to customers. By applying lean principles, FinTech companies can identify and remove non-value-added activities, reduce errors and defects, simplify complexity and increase agility. They can use lean principles to reduce paperwork, minimize rework, standardize procedures and empower employees. A recent example of a FinTech company that implements lean principles is Revolut, a digital banking platform that offers banking, payments, investing, budgeting and crypto services. Revolut applies lean principles to simplify its processes, automate its customer verification, outsource its card issuance, use cloud computing to scale its infrastructure and use data analytics to monitor its performance. Implement lean principles: FinTech startups can reduce expenses by outsourcing non-essential services to external providers. Specialized firms that focus on specific functions can offer accounting, legal, marketing or IT support at lower costs and/or higher quality. Outsourcing allows FinTechs to access top-tier capabilities without having to build in-house teams for non-core activities. This allows them to concentrate resources on their core products and innovations that drive value for customers. A recent example of a FinTech company that outsources non-core support activities is Square, a financial services company that provides payment solutions, point-of-sale systems, e-commerce platforms and business tools for small businesses. Square outsources some of its accounting, legal, marketing and IT services to external providers. For instance, Square uses Stripe as its payment processor, AWS as its cloud provider, Zendesk as its customer service platform and Mailchimp as its email marketing tool. Outsource non-core support activities: RegTech is a subset of FinTech that focuses on using technology to automate compliance processes. FinTech companies can adopt RegTech solutions to reduce their regulatory costs by automating data collection, reporting, validation, analysis and audit. RegTech solutions can also help FinTech companies stay updated with regulatory changes and avoid fines or penalties. FinTech companies can utilize RegTech solutions to monitor transactions for suspicious activity, generate reports for regulators and verify customer identity. An example of a FinTech company that adopts RegTech solutions is Coalition, an insurance app that provides cyber insurance and security tools for businesses. Coalition uses RegTech solutions to automate its compliance processes, such as data collection, reporting, validation, analysis and audit. Coalition also uses RegTech solutions to stay updated with regulatory changes and avoid fines or penalties. For example, the company uses Plaid to verify customer identity, Stripe Radar to monitor transactions for fraud and AWS Config to audit its cloud infrastructure. Adopt RegTech solutions: Using effective HR management practices, FinTech companies can optimize their human resource costs. These practices include remote work arrangements that can save on office space and travel expenses, continuous training programs that can improve employee skills and performance, strategic hiring processes that can find the best talent for the job and performance-based incentives that can motivate and reward employees. These practices can help FinTechs boost their productivity, enhance their employee engagement and retention and reduce their turnover and recruitment costs. A recent example of a FinTech company that implements effective HR management practices is Acorns, an investment app that helps users save and invest their spare change. Acorns adopts various HR management practices that enhance its employees’ productivity and satisfaction. For example, Acorns allows its employees to work remotely from anywhere, saving them time and money on commuting and office space. Acorns also provides its employees with online courses and workshops to improve their skills and performance. Moreover, Acorns uses referrals, assessments and interviews to find and hire the best talent for each job. Furthermore, Acorns rewards its employees with stock options, bonuses and recognition based on their achievements and contributions. Effective HR management: FinTech companies can form partnerships with other entities to share resources, technology, expertise and customer bases, reducing their costs and increasing their reach. They can partner with banks, telecom operators, retailers or other FinTechs to offer complementary services, access new markets or leverage existing infrastructure. ZestFinance, a lending app that leverages machine learning to offer credit that is transparent and fair, is a recent example of a FinTech company that collaborates with other entities. ZestFinance forms partnerships with banks, telecom operators, retailers and other FinTech entities to share resources, technology, expertise and customer bases, reducing its costs and increasing its reach. For example, ZestFinance partners with Baidu to offer credit in China, with Ford Credit to offer car loans in the US, with JD.com to offer e-commerce loans in China and with LendUp to offer payday loans in the US. Partnerships: Cloud computing is a model of delivering IT services over the internet, where users only pay for the resources they use. FinTech companies can use cloud computing to avoid upfront infrastructure investments and reduce their technology costs by scaling up or down their resources according to their demand. Cloud computing also offers benefits such as flexibility, reliability, security and innovation. Finch, a consumer finance app that combines checking and investing in one account, is a recent example of a FinTech company that benefits from cloud computing. Cloud computing helps Finch to host its applications and data on the cloud, access software and hardware resources on demand, protect its systems from cyber attacks and try out new technologies. Finch uses AWS as its cloud provider, which provides it benefits such as scalability, reliability, security and innovation. Use cloud computing: Open-source software provides invaluable benefits to FinTech companies looking to optimize costs. By leveraging freely available open-source applications, startups gain access to innovative tools that can be customized, integrated, and shared. This promotes seamless compatibility across systems and enables transparency and adaptability. By tapping into these resources, FinTechs can focus their efforts on developing their core solutions rather than building foundational platforms from scratch. A recent example of a FinTech company that employs open-source software is Stripe, a global payment platform that enables online businesses to accept and manage payments. Stripe uses open-source software to build its platforms, integrate with other systems, access new features and customize its solutions. Stripe uses open-source software such as Ruby on Rails, React, PostgreSQL, Redis and Kubernetes. Leverage open-source software: Software robots or digital workers can copy human actions and do tasks automatically. This technology is called robotic process automation (RPA). FinTech companies can automate boring, fixed and low-value tasks such as typing data, matching data, checking data and approving data by using RPA. This can help them spend less on labor and work better. For example, paying bills, opening accounts, scoring credit and helping customers are some of the tasks that FinTech companies can automate with RPA. Coalition is one of FinTech companies that uses RPA. Coalition uses RPA to automate invoice processing, account opening, credit scoring and customer service. Coalition uses RPA tools such as UiPath, Automation Anywhere and Blue Prism. Implement RPA: Data analytics transforms raw data into valuable insights that can guide decision making. It involves collecting, processing, analyzing and visualizing data to reveal patterns, trends, opportunities and risks. FinTech companies can leverage data analytics to enhance their performance and profitability by optimizing their resource allocation, minimizing their wasteful spending and maximizing their return on investment. For instance, Acorns, an investment app that helps users save and invest their spare change, uses data analytics to fine-tune its pricing strategies, target its marketing campaigns, improve its customer retention and manage risks. Acorns uses data analytics tools such as Google Analytics, Mixpanel, Amplitude and Segment. Use data analytics: Future Trends The cost optimization landscape for FinTech companies will continue to evolve as new technologies, regulations, customer expectations and competitive forces emerge. Some of the future trends that will shape the cost optimization landscape are: These technologies will enable FinTech companies to further improve their efficiency, enhance their customer experience and reduce their costs by automating more tasks, streamlining more workflows, securing more transactions and enabling more flexible work arrangements. Greater adoption of AI, automation, blockchain and remote work: FinTech companies will need to adopt sustainability practices to reduce their environmental impact, comply with green regulations and meet the growing demand for sustainable finance. Sustainability practices can also help FinTech companies optimize their costs by reducing their energy consumption, waste generation and carbon footprint. Greater focus on sustainability practices: Constant innovation is crucial to create new value propositions, offer new solutions and differentiate themselves from the competition. Innovation can also help FinTech companies optimize their costs by creating new revenue streams, improving customer loyalty and enhancing operational efficiency. Greater innovation and differentiation: Conclusion FinTechs experience fierce competition and need to optimize costs to succeed. They can cut expenses and grow profits by adopting technological innovations, simplifying operations, following regulations, and creating novel business models. They can gain a cost advantage and a profitability surge by innovating quicker than competitors. Cost optimization through operational excellence and forward-thinking strategy is the key to becoming a market leader in FinTech. Sources FinTech App Development in 2023: Cost Breakdown [Examples] - SpdLoad Methodologies for How to Value a Fintech Startup | Toptal® Cost to Develop a FinTech App in 2023 [Major Cost Drivers] - MindK.com Ten Business Cost Optimization Ideas - Gartner What Is Cost Optimization? 8 Best Practices To Use ASAP - CloudZero

How to Cut Costs and Boost Profits in the FinTech Sector

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA - HackerNoon, the technology publishing company, is pleased to announce the nominees for its annual “Startups of the Year” award, featuring the most promising and innovative companies in the San Francisco startup ecosystem. The list, compiled by the HackerNoon team, showcases over 800 startups that are making significant contributions to the San Francisco economy and driving innovation in their respective industries. Nominations for the Startups of the Year 2023 are open! Nominate your company as the . startup of the year in San Fransisco here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqIW54yMsNc&t=2s&embedable=true Among the nominees in San Francisco for Startups of the Year 2023 are: PoplarML Nodle Cryenx Labs Willow Servicing Retain My Team Remio BabylonAI Fungify Monterey Openlayer Incoggo Polymath Feathery RunWhen Recruiterflow Beacon AI Booth.ai General Micro Technology Enterpret Lemonflow Pixly.tv Hyperstack HireQuotient Found Aviator Finch Dispatch Content Beta Zenpath ScreenMeet All of these startups have demonstrated remarkable growth and innovation in their fields. “We are thrilled to recognize the top startups in San Francisco and celebrate their achievements,” said . “Starting and sustaining a company is difficult. We’re honored to showcase their work and impact.” David Smooke, HackerNoon Founder & CEO is a community-driven voting platform that recognizes startups that are changing technology and the world for the better. Starting May 8th, 2023, the internet can nominate and vote for the best ventures in their city. The voting period will remain open until December 31, 2023, and winners will be announced in January 2024 after a comprehensive evaluation by the HackerNoon team. Startups of the Year 2023 In its , a total of 44,427 startups were nominated in 16 different regions, and the community cast 234,344 votes during a 6-month long campaign in favor of budding companies that were growing and trending across every major city in the world. The received perks from sponsors, like , and a from HackerNoon. previous iteration 1,382 winners 3,000 Brex Points tech company news page As a proponent of the open data movement, HackerNoon releases the unique social data gathered from Startups of the Year on GitHub as “ ” for valuable insights. /where-startups-trend Apart from validation from the world's greenest tech publication, all nominees relevant to their domain, region, and funding. They will also receive an and a free version of their very own on HackerNoon. get free interviews amazing discount package designed for their startup Tech Company News Page These pages include business overviews (such as head count, founding year, bio, social links, and domain ranking) coupled with dynamic updates every time the company is mentioned in HackerNoon stories or relevant headlines around the web. People can , and vote once per day per award for who they think should be Startup of the Year all the way up to December 31st. nominate their favorite startups until June 8th In addition to the award itself, winners receive exclusive interviews, an exclusive NFT from HackerNoon, and a for life. .Tech Domain For more information about the “Startups of the Year 2023” list and the nominated companies, please visit our . FAQ page About HackerNoon HackerNoon is a technology publication that aims to empower developers, entrepreneurs, and tech enthusiasts to share their knowledge and expertise with a global audience. With a readership of over 4M+ monthly visitors, HackerNoon provides a platform for startups and innovators to showcase their work and connect with a vibrant community of like-minded individuals. Companies that blog get 67% more leads - Jumpstart your company’s blogging journey by purchasing our . Startups Package Startups Of The Year 2023 is sponsored by . .Tech Domains Nominations for the Startups of the Year 2023 are open! Nominate your company as the . startup of the year in San Fransisco here

Stories, News & Mentions about FINCH

Finch’s Stories on HackerNoon

Finch's News & Mentions