Some of MJ's recent investments include CLEAR, Mythical Games, Dapper Labs, DraftKings and Sportradar. Business experts believe Jordan will focus his attention on his NASCAR team 23XI Racing and turn into one of the valuable teams in the sport. Also Read ...

Is Magic Johnson richer than Michael Jordan? Exploring more as Lakers legend becomes latest billionaire athlete

THE MARGIN              The business of the NBA continues to flourish. As more revenue flows into the NBA from ticket sales, TV contracts and merchandise, player salaries have spiked. The NBA has seen its revenue quadruple to $10 billion over the past 20 years,

As the 2023 NBA season begins, here are the 10 highest-paid players

Check out what you need to know to join in and make informed decisions about your NBA Top Shot collecting journey.

Unlocking the Thrills of NBA Top Shot: A Slam Dunk in Digital Collecting

Yuga Labs, the $4 billion startup behind the Bored Ape Yacht Club and other prominent NFT projects, announced Friday that it has restructured the company and eliminated certain roles as a result, leading to layoffs. In a team email that was also shared ...

Bored Ape Yacht Club NFT Creator Yuga Labs Confirms Layoffs

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NFT Creator Royalties Are Broken—Yuga Labs and Magic Eden Join Group Trying to Fix Them

Check out how the Flow blockchain is pivotal in addressing the demands of the burgeoning NFT industry, solve scalability and drive Web3 mainstream.

How Can the Flow Blockchain Help Solve Scalability Problems and Drive Web3 Mainstream?

The consortium of major Web3 companies OMA3 (the Open Metaverse Alliance for Web3), has formed a working group to find the best way to standardize creator royalties on non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces - and to ensure they stay there.

Bored Apes Creator Yuga Labs and Magic Eden Collaborate to Fix NFT Royalties Problem – What's Going On?

A manufacturer of lab-grown diamonds owned by a Detroit-based private equity firm has moved to liquidate with $48 million in liabilities amid several pending legal disputes, according to a ...

Lab-grown diamond maker with Detroit backing files for bankruptcy with $48M in liabilities

Scientists doing “gain-of-function” research said that heightened fears of lab leaks are stalling studies that could thwart the next pandemic virus. By Benjamin Mueller and Sheryl Gay Stolberg ...

Lab Leak Fight Casts Chill Over Virology Research

Excellent opportunity to acquire a 2000 sq ft NJ lab with NY credentialing and Medicare approval set up and approved for molecular PCR testing utilizing the full QuantStudio set up with a King ...

Labs For Sale - October 2023

Dapper Labs

dapper-labs

In this article, we outline the evolution of Dapper Labs, from just a simple NFT project to one of the leaders in the web3 space. Roham Gharegozlou, the Co-Founder and CEO of Dapper Labs, has developed one of the most noteworthy blockchain-based companies by creating an NFT game called in 2017 to now running NFT projects with some of the biggest brands in the world. Cryptokitties Cryptokitties started as a project by Axiom Zen, a Software Development Company. Unlike many other popular projects today, Cryptokitties is not an NFT collection that consists of a limited number of digital art. NFT Cryptokitties is a game-type setting where users can purchase NFTs in the form of virtual cats. They can use their cats to breed new ones and possibly sell them to other players in the game. This presented some unique challenges to Roham and the other developers who wanted to scale Cryptokitties. Ethereum posed some significant challenges to the growth of the game. As Cryptokitties scaled, the transactions became increasingly difficult to execute quickly. As traffic increased, so did the Ethereum Gas prices. The slower speed and high cost of Cryptokitties resulted in the loss of players. To scale projects like Cryptokitties, an excellent User Experience was essential. The team behind Cryptokitties realized they would need to create a blockchain that reduces energy consumption with a more elevated speed to ensure the User Experience is great for their future projects. Flow is a blockchain that came into being due to issues in the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum, like Bitcoin, currently uses a consensus protocol called Proof of Work. It is a protocol that uses a tremendous amount of energy, and it only increases as more people join in. For a platform like Cryptokitties, which used 10 percent of Ethereum’s traffic at one point, the Proof of Work protocol had become unfeasible for players. Moreover, Ethereum’s smart contracts are immutable. Dapper Labs realized that smart contracts should be changeable to build the kind of projects they wanted to. Flow blockchain was built upon an alternative consensus protocol, Proof of Stake. Proof of Stake is a cheaper alternative when scaling NFT game projects like Cryptokitties and NBA Top Shot. Proof of Stake does not require validators to purchase specialized equipment or use large amounts of energy. Moreover, smart contracts in Flow (unlike Ethereum) are changeable. These changes were essential to building projects like NBA Top Shot and NFL All Day. Flow has now become the default blockchain for all Dapper Labs’ projects. Today, Dapper’s with NBA, NFL, UFC, and other external projects are built on Flow. These projects attracted a considerable amount of attention from investors. These smart contracts can continue to change as needed. Today, Dapper Labs is backed by the likes of Coinbase Ventures, Warner Music Group, and Samsung Next. It will be interesting to see how Dapper Labs will continue to develop its projects in this space and how external developers embrace Flow blockchain. NFT projects This article was first published on the metaverse insider by Wazarat Ali Hussain

A Brief History of Dapper Labs

Here is a story that we all know, CryptoKitties caused a viral sensation in 2017 and sent prices for some kittens well into the six figures. What’s more, the game clogged up the entire Ethereum Network delaying transactions and causing a pile-up of unprocessed transactions. As such, the developers behind CryptoKitties, Dapper Labs, created a new blockchain specifically designed for blockchain-based games and digital collectibles (also known as a non-fungible token, NFT). With NFT, every asset on the blockchain is unique and is therefore not replicable. This unique aspect is written inside the metadata of the token itself and can be seen as a permanent, unalterable certificate of authenticity. NFT can solve the unfair status quo that game companies control access to digital items. Imagine this: you buy character skins and emojis from the world’s most popular game, Fortnite, but you do not really own these items. If you get banned for whatever reasons, the company can drive you off the platform and take your items and account away from you. Dapper Labs has teamed up with NBA (National Basketball Association) and NBPA (National Basketball Players Association) to create NBA Top Shot, a fully-licensed NBA experience for collectors and gamers. For the first time ever, NBA fans can truly own a piece of the action and trade with friends in a new kind of hoops economy. Roham Gharegozlou, CEO of Flow, believes that just like the PC era, entertainment and games are also leading the large-scale popularization and application of blockchain technology. This was the original intention of Dapper Labs when it developed CryptoKitties on Ethereum. At the end of 2017, CryptoKitties became the top-selling DApp, with a total sales volume of 40 million U.S. dollars. The Flow-based NBA Top Shot absorbed the experience from CryptoKtties and got rid of its limitations on the Ethereum Network. In just 3 months, NBA Top Shot’s transactions between users have exceeded 21 million US dollars, and the user retention rate is as high as 75%. In addition to the NBA Top Shot, Flow hopes to support more applications to succeed. Therefore, it is promoting a healthy and prosperous ecosystem built by developers, creators, FLOW token holders, and network operators. In addition to Flow, it has a lot of development tools and libraries, such as Flow Playground, Flow SDK, VS Code Extension, etc. More importantly, Flow’s smart contracts can be upgraded, and developers do not need to completely abandon the old contracts. The nature of blockchain is established on a foundation of trust and permissionless. Creators, developers, and users do not need anyone’s approval to do their own things. This means that one can unleash their talents without any restriction. In the world of user-generated content (UGC), Dapper Lab and its Flow project create a blockchain ecosystem with a solid foundation, cutting-edge concepts, and user-friendly experiences. It narrows the gap between real-world use cases and blockchain technology to provide more users with convenient and friendly ways to use decentralized applications. Also published at https://medium.com/block-insight/to-flow-or-not-to-flow-a6ff0a4ffd26

The Developers Behind CryptoKitties Create Dapper Labs to Change The Gaming Industry & Blockchain

**PALO ALTO, CA, September 12th, 2024/Chainwire/--**The Super Champs Protocol Foundation is excited to announce the launch of the Super Champs Chain – a cutting edge gaming optimized L3 that rolls up to the Base blockchain from Coinbase. Built on the web3 game publishing platform and protocol from Joyride Games, the Chain also includes the BuilderKit, a development, growth, and live operations suite for mobile studios. The Super Champs Chain represents the next step in the Foundation’s vision to build a games franchise powered by web3 community, proprietary IP, and mobile game tooling. Super Champs is an anime-inspired universe where superhero athletes use their powers to compete across multiple action sports. Super Champs already has two popular mobile games built by Joyride Games, Racket Rampage and Bullet League, and a Super Champs HQ web-based questing experience tailored for cryptonatives. Since launching in June, Super Champs has become the top games ecosystem on the Base blockchain with 5MM+ total game installs, 125k+ onchain daily active users, 700k+ onchain monthly active users, 250k+ X followers, and 650k+ YouTube and TikTok subscribers. These blockchain games currently represent ~10% of all daily users on Base, and migration to the L3 will make it a Top 5 gaming blockchain with current activity alone. “The Super Champs ecosystem has seen dramatic growth already, and it is poised to grow further with the upcoming launch of the $CHAMP token. We aim to build the first scaled web3 gaming franchise, immersing the community in multiple mobile games and a deep story-based universe,” said Vivek Nallavelli, Director of the Super Champs Protocol Foundation. “Our next mission is to empower Builders to bring new, high quality game experiences set in the Super Champs Universe to our engaged community.” The Super Champs L3 Chain on Base is built on Joyride’s game publishing platform and protocol for web3 mobile games. The Chain uses the Arbitrum rollup stack to achieve rapid and low-cost transaction processing and a gas-free experience for consumers, making it an attractive solution for studios to create immersive game experiences for players. This architecture offloads complex computations from Base, scaling horizontally as part of Joyride’s omnichain network to handle increasing load while inheriting the security guarantees of the Ethereum blockchain. The BuilderKit complements this blockchain infrastructure by offering studios building games cutting-edge mobile-optimized tools to build, grow, and manage their games. “It’s amazing to see Super Champs generating such excitement for its games and animated series on TikTok and YouTube,” said Omar Siddiqui, Founder & CEO of Joyride Games. “As the first mobile games ecosystem built on our publishing platform and protocol, we can’t wait to see every studio building a Super Champs game accelerate its growth with access to world-class infrastructure. Our long term vision has always been for Super Champs to introduce a new web3 paradigm for game franchises, and it's thrilling to see it come to life.” With the announcement of the Chain and BuilderKit, Super Champs is evaluating ideas for new games from Builders who want to take advantage of its novel IP and thriving community to build new games. “We’re still in the nascent stages of understanding the true potential of web3 gaming, and there’s no other web3 native mobile game IP that has already generated early momentum like Super Champs,” said Scott Rupp, Founding General Partner at BITKRAFT Ventures. “Today’s announcement makes it easier than ever for game developers to build in the robust Super Champs ecosystem, taking us another step closer to decentralization and bringing web3 experiences to the mainstream.” About the Super Champs Protocol Foundation The Super Champs Protocol Foundation supports the growth of Super Champs, an anime-inspired web3 franchise powered by community, proprietary IP, and a suite of mobile game tooling for development, growth, and live operations. The Foundation is backed by top investors and web3 ecosystem participants such as Coinbase Ventures, Animoca, SuperLayer, and leading industry figures such as Gabby Dizon of YGG, EllioTrades of SuperVerse, and Giulio Xiloyannis of MON Protocol. The Super Champs franchise is now the top game ecosystem on Base, with two live game experiences and a cryptonative web experience attracting 125k+ onchain DAUs, 700k+ onchain MAUs, and animated storytelling content with 650K+ subscribers and 10MM+ views across TikTok and YouTube. About Joyride Games Joyride Games is a games and infrastructure company supporting the development of web3 game ecosystems to build next generation franchises. Led by veteran game developers from Disney, Electronic Arts, and Zynga, Joyride has built onchain mobile games, infrastructure, and protocol that have onboarded 10MM+ players to web3. Super Champs is its most recent ecosystem project, and it has partnered with the Super Champs Foundation for its launch. Backed by leading blockchain and game investors such as BITKRAFT, Solana Ventures, Dapper Labs, OKX Ventures, KuCoin Ventures, and OpenSea, Joyride has raised $30MM to execute on its vision of player-owned franchises. Joyride’s web3 game publishing platform and protocol is optimized for mobile games. It includes an omnichain network to support multiple game ecosystems and builder tools encompassing web3 and web2 to develop, operate, and grow high quality mobile games. Contact Media Contact Andrew Wong fortyseven communications wong@fortyseven.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. **PALO ALTO, CA, September 12th, 2024/Chainwire/--**The Super Champs Protocol Foundation is excited to announce the launch of the Super Champs Chain – a cutting edge gaming optimized L3 that rolls up to the Base blockchain from Coinbase. Built on the web3 game publishing platform and protocol from Joyride Games, the Chain also includes the BuilderKit, a development, growth, and live operations suite for mobile studios. The Super Champs Chain represents the next step in the Foundation’s vision to build a games franchise powered by web3 community, proprietary IP, and mobile game tooling. Super Champs is an anime-inspired universe where superhero athletes use their powers to compete across multiple action sports. Super Champs already has two popular mobile games built by Joyride Games, Racket Rampage and Bullet League, and a Super Champs HQ web-based questing experience tailored for cryptonatives. Since launching in June, Super Champs has become the top games ecosystem on the Base blockchain with 5MM+ total game installs, 125k+ onchain daily active users, 700k+ onchain monthly active users, 250k+ X followers, and 650k+ YouTube and TikTok subscribers. These blockchain games currently represent ~10% of all daily users on Base, and migration to the L3 will make it a Top 5 gaming blockchain with current activity alone. “The Super Champs ecosystem has seen dramatic growth already, and it is poised to grow further with the upcoming launch of the $CHAMP token. We aim to build the first scaled web3 gaming franchise, immersing the community in multiple mobile games and a deep story-based universe,” said Vivek Nallavelli, Director of the Super Champs Protocol Foundation. “Our next mission is to empower Builders to bring new, high quality game experiences set in the Super Champs Universe to our engaged community.” “The Super Champs ecosystem has seen dramatic growth already, and it is poised to grow further with the upcoming launch of the $CHAMP token. We aim to build the first scaled web3 gaming franchise, immersing the community in multiple mobile games and a deep story-based universe,” said Vivek Nallavelli, Director of the Super Champs Protocol Foundation. “Our next mission is to empower Builders to bring new, high quality game experiences set in the Super Champs Universe to our engaged community.” The Super Champs L3 Chain on Base is built on Joyride’s game publishing platform and protocol for web3 mobile games. The Chain uses the Arbitrum rollup stack to achieve rapid and low-cost transaction processing and a gas-free experience for consumers, making it an attractive solution for studios to create immersive game experiences for players. This architecture offloads complex computations from Base, scaling horizontally as part of Joyride’s omnichain network to handle increasing load while inheriting the security guarantees of the Ethereum blockchain. The BuilderKit complements this blockchain infrastructure by offering studios building games cutting-edge mobile-optimized tools to build, grow, and manage their games. “It’s amazing to see Super Champs generating such excitement for its games and animated series on TikTok and YouTube,” said Omar Siddiqui, Founder & CEO of Joyride Games. “It’s amazing to see Super Champs generating such excitement for its games and animated series on TikTok and YouTube,” said Omar Siddiqui, Founder & CEO of Joyride Games. “As the first mobile games ecosystem built on our publishing platform and protocol, we can’t wait to see every studio building a Super Champs game accelerate its growth with access to world-class infrastructure. Our long term vision has always been for Super Champs to introduce a new web3 paradigm for game franchises, and it's thrilling to see it come to life.” “As the first mobile games ecosystem built on our publishing platform and protocol, we can’t wait to see every studio building a Super Champs game accelerate its growth with access to world-class infrastructure. Our long term vision has always been for Super Champs to introduce a new web3 paradigm for game franchises, and it's thrilling to see it come to life.” With the announcement of the Chain and BuilderKit, Super Champs is evaluating ideas for new games from Builders who want to take advantage of its novel IP and thriving community to build new games. “We’re still in the nascent stages of understanding the true potential of web3 gaming, and there’s no other web3 native mobile game IP that has already generated early momentum like Super Champs,” said Scott Rupp, Founding General Partner at BITKRAFT Ventures. “Today’s announcement makes it easier than ever for game developers to build in the robust Super Champs ecosystem, taking us another step closer to decentralization and bringing web3 experiences to the mainstream.” About the Super Champs Protocol Foundation The Super Champs Protocol Foundation supports the growth of Super Champs , an anime-inspired web3 franchise powered by community, proprietary IP, and a suite of mobile game tooling for development, growth, and live operations. Super Champs Super Champs The Foundation is backed by top investors and web3 ecosystem participants such as Coinbase Ventures, Animoca, SuperLayer, and leading industry figures such as Gabby Dizon of YGG, EllioTrades of SuperVerse, and Giulio Xiloyannis of MON Protocol. The Super Champs franchise is now the top game ecosystem on Base , with two live game experiences and a cryptonative web experience attracting 125k+ onchain DAUs, 700k+ onchain MAUs, and animated storytelling content with 650K+ subscribers and 10MM+ views across TikTok and YouTube . game ecosystem game ecosystem Base Base TikTok TikTok YouTube YouTube About Joyride Games Joyride Games is a games and infrastructure company supporting the development of web3 game ecosystems to build next generation franchises. Led by veteran game developers from Disney, Electronic Arts, and Zynga, Joyride has built onchain mobile games, infrastructure, and protocol that have onboarded 10MM+ players to web3. Super Champs is its most recent ecosystem project, and it has partnered with the Super Champs Foundation for its launch. Joyride Games Joyride Games Backed by leading blockchain and game investors such as BITKRAFT, Solana Ventures, Dapper Labs, OKX Ventures, KuCoin Ventures, and OpenSea, Joyride has raised $30MM to execute on its vision of player-owned franchises. Joyride’s web3 game publishing platform and protocol is optimized for mobile games. It includes an omnichain network to support multiple game ecosystems and builder tools encompassing web3 and web2 to develop, operate, and grow high quality mobile games. Contact Media Contact Andrew Wong fortyseven communications wong@fortyseven.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

Super Champs Launches L3 Chain On Base, Creates Open Builder Platform For Web3 Games Franchise

Super Champs llança la cadena L3 a la base, crea una plataforma de creació oberta per a la franquícia de jocs Web3

Super Champs lanza la cadena L3 en Base y crea una plataforma de creación abierta para la franquicia de juegos Web3

Super Champs משיקה שרשרת L3 On Base, יוצרת פלטפורמת Builder פתוחה לזיכיון משחקי Web3

Super Champs lansira L3 lanac na bazi, stvara otvorenu Builder platformu za franšizu Web3 igara

Super Champs lanse chèn L3 sou baz, kreye platfòm Open Builder pou franchiz jwèt Web3

Super Champs-ը գործարկում է L3 Chain Base-ում, ստեղծում է Open Builder հարթակ Web3 խաղերի արտոնությունների համար

Super Champs が Base 上で L3 チェーンを立ち上げ、Web3 ゲーム フランチャイズ向けのオープン ビルダー プラットフォームを構築

Super Champs bāzē uzsāk L3 ķēdi, izveido atvērtu veidotāju platformu Web3 spēļu franšīzei

Super Champs занҷири L3-ро дар пойгоҳ оғоз мекунад, платформаи кушодаи созандаро барои франшизаи Web3 Games месозад

Super Champs เปิดตัว L3 Chain On Base สร้างแพลตฟอร์ม Open Builder สำหรับแฟรนไชส์เกม Web3

سپر چیمپئنز نے L3 چین کا آغاز کیا، Web3 گیمز فرنچائز کے لیے اوپن بلڈر پلیٹ فارم بنایا

Super Champs ra mắt chuỗi L3 trên Base, tạo nền tảng xây dựng mở cho nhượng quyền thương mại trò chơi Web3

Famous Companies That Have Sunk Big Money in AI, Blockchain, and Web3

বিখ্যাত কোম্পানি যারা AI, Blockchain, এবং Web3-এ প্রচুর অর্থ ডুবিয়েছে

Berühmte Unternehmen, die viel Geld in KI, Blockchain und Web3 gesteckt haben

Empresas famosas que han invertido grandes cantidades de dinero en IA, blockchain y Web3

Des entreprises célèbres qui ont investi beaucoup d'argent dans l'IA, la blockchain et le Web3

प्रसिद्ध कंपनियाँ जिन्होंने AI, ब्लॉकचेन और वेब3 में बड़ा पैसा लगाया है

AI、ブロックチェーン、Webに巨額の資金を投じた有名企業3

AI, 블록체인, Web3에 막대한 자금을 투자한 유명 기업

Empresas famosas que investiram muito dinheiro em IA, Blockchain e Web3

Известные компании, вложившие большие деньги в ИИ, блокчейн и Web3

Yapay Zeka, Blockchain ve Web3'e Büyük Paralar Yatıran Ünlü Şirketler

Các công ty nổi tiếng đã đầu tư lớn vào AI, Blockchain và Web3

在人工智能、区块链和 Web3 领域投入巨资的著名公司

**SANTA CLARA, California, May 31st, 2024/Chainwire/--**CARV the largest modular data layer for gaming and AI, announced today a strategic investment from Animoca Brands, the company advancing digital property rights for gaming and the open metaverse. In addition, Animoca Brands will become an operator of CARV’s Tier 6 verifier nodes in support of CARV's decentralization of its data layer. The partnership will facilitate deeper integration and long-term synergies as they expand their respective gaming and open metaverse ecosystems. Founded as a gaming credential platform, CARV has evolved into a modular data layer protocol with strong traction from over 2.7 million users, 790 integrated games, and partnerships across major chains like Linea, BNB Chain, zkSync, and Ronin. The company has come good on its gaming credential roots by initiating ERC-7231, the standard approved by the Ethereum Community that binds multiple Web2 and Web3 identities to a single NFT, and partnering with the likes of Google Cloud and Netmarble’s web3 arm, MARBLEX. To support rapid scaling and growth, CARV is introducing community-operated verifier nodes that scrutinize outcomes at each protocol layer. These nodes are crucial for maintaining decentralization, security, and equitable value redistribution as the network expands. CARV aims to accelerate user onboarding and adoption to grow the pie for all stakeholders in its user-owned data ecosystem through partnering with Animoca Brands as a strategic node operator, relying on their experience and expertise in operating various blockchain infrastructures. Node holders will have the option for one-click delegating to Animoca Brands for node operations, ensuring network uptime and robustness. The rewards from node operations will initially be in the form of $veCARV, the staked version of CARV tokens. This also allows Animoca Brands and its portfolio of more than 400 gaming and metaverse companies to participate in CARV’s Infinite Play, a token-lock voting bribery system (CURVE & CONVEX model for gaming) for governance voting. Yat Siu, co-founder and executive chairman of Animoca Brands, commented: “CARV’s mission to advance data self-sovereignty and the interoperability of personal assets in both Web2 and Web3 fits perfectly with the work we do at Animoca Brands. This strategic partnership with CARV will amplify our efforts to pioneer a more equitable framework via new asset classes, economies, and digital property rights. ”“This is a multi-faceted alliance between two leaders in their respective domains,” said Victor Yu, co-founder of CARV. “Through Animoca Brands’ strategic investment, its support as a node operator, and collaboration across our gaming ecosystems, we are taking a comprehensive approach over many years to come. By leveraging our modular data layer with Animoca Brands' far-reaching ecosystem, we aim to unlock new frontiers in user-owned data economies.” For more about CARV's highly anticipated node sale, set to begin on June 3, 2024 for whitelisted participants and June 5, 2024 for the public, users can visit https://node.carv.io. About CARV CARV is the largest modular data layer for gaming, AI, and ∞, pioneering a future where data generates value for all. As the sole author of ERC7231, CARV has built CARV Protocol, the modular data layer which has integrated with 40+ blockchains, Google Cloud, and other identity, storage, infra and AI providers. CARV's flagship gaming superapp, CARV Play, is integrated with more than 790 web2 & 3 games and serving 2.7M+ gamers. CARV is backed by top-tier funds and ecosystems such as Temasek’s Vertex Ventures, ConsenSys (developer of Metamask), Tribe Capital, IOSG Ventures, Animoca Brands, HashKey Capital, Infinity Ventures Crypto, MARBELX, and more. For more information, users can visit carv.io. About Animoca Brands Animoca Brands (ACN: 122 921 813), a Deloitte Tech Fast winner, a Fortune Crypto 40 company, and one of the Financial Times’ High Growth Companies Asia-Pacific 2023, is a Web3 leader that leverages blockchain to deliver digital property rights to consumers around the world to help to establish the open metaverse. The company develops and publishes a broad portfolio of products including original games such as The Sandbox, PHANTOM GALAXIES™, Life Beyond, and Crazy Defense Heroes, and products utilizing popular intellectual properties from the worlds of sports and entertainment, such as The Walking Dead, Power Rangers, MotoGP™, and Formula E. It has multiple subsidiaries, including The Sandbox, Blowfish Studios, Quidd, GAMEE, nWay, Pixowl, Forj, Lympo, Animoca Brands Japan, Grease Monkey Games, Eden Games, Darewise Entertainment, Notre Game, TinyTap, SPORTPASS, PIXELYNX, WePlay Media, Gryfyn, and Azarus. Animoca Brands is one of the most active investors in Web3, with a portfolio of over 400 Web3 investments, both directly and through Animoca Ventures, including Yuga Labs, Axie Infinity, Polygon, Consensys, Magic Eden, Fireblocks, OpenSea, Dapper Labs, Yield Guild Games, and many more. For more information users can visit www.animocabrands.com or follow on X (Twitter), YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn, Facebook, and TikTok. Contact Co-Founder & COO Victor Yu CARV media@carv.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. **SANTA CLARA, California, May 31st, 2024/Chainwire/--**CARV the largest modular data layer for gaming and AI, announced today a strategic investment from Animoca Brands , the company advancing digital property rights for gaming and the open metaverse. In addition, Animoca Brands will become an operator of CARV’s Tier 6 verifier nodes in support of CARV's decentralization of its data layer. Animoca Brands Animoca Brands The partnership will facilitate deeper integration and long-term synergies as they expand their respective gaming and open metaverse ecosystems. Founded as a gaming credential platform, CARV has evolved into a modular data layer protocol with strong traction from over 2.7 million users, 790 integrated games, and partnerships across major chains like Linea, BNB Chain, zkSync, and Ronin. The company has come good on its gaming credential roots by initiating ERC-7231, the standard approved by the Ethereum Community that binds multiple Web2 and Web3 identities to a single NFT, and partnering with the likes of Google Cloud and Netmarble’s web3 arm, MARBLEX . ERC-7231, the standard approved by the Ethereum Community ERC-7231, the standard approved by the Ethereum Community Google Cloud Google Cloud Netmarble’s web3 arm, MARBLEX Netmarble’s web3 arm, MARBLEX To support rapid scaling and growth, CARV is introducing community-operated verifier nodes that scrutinize outcomes at each protocol layer. These nodes are crucial for maintaining decentralization, security, and equitable value redistribution as the network expands. CARV aims to accelerate user onboarding and adoption to grow the pie for all stakeholders in its user-owned data ecosystem through partnering with Animoca Brands as a strategic node operator, relying on their experience and expertise in operating various blockchain infrastructures. Node holders will have the option for one-click delegating to Animoca Brands for node operations, ensuring network uptime and robustness. The rewards from node operations will initially be in the form of $veCARV, the staked version of CARV tokens. This also allows Animoca Brands and its portfolio of more than 400 gaming and metaverse companies to participate in CARV’s Infinite Play , a token-lock voting bribery system (CURVE & CONVEX model for gaming) for governance voting . Infinite Play Infinite Play token-lock voting bribery system token-lock voting bribery system voting voting Yat Siu, co-founder and executive chairman of Animoca Brands, commented: “CARV’s mission to advance data self-sovereignty and the interoperability of personal assets in both Web2 and Web3 fits perfectly with the work we do at Animoca Brands. This strategic partnership with CARV will amplify our efforts to pioneer a more equitable framework via new asset classes, economies, and digital property rights. ”“This is a multi-faceted alliance between two leaders in their respective domains,” said Victor Yu, co-founder of CARV. “Through Animoca Brands’ strategic investment, its support as a node operator, and collaboration across our gaming ecosystems, we are taking a comprehensive approach over many years to come. By leveraging our modular data layer with Animoca Brands' far-reaching ecosystem, we aim to unlock new frontiers in user-owned data economies.” ”“This is a multi-faceted alliance between two leaders in their respective domains,” said Victor Yu, co-founder of CARV. “Through Animoca Brands’ strategic investment, its support as a node operator, and collaboration across our gaming ecosystems, we are taking a comprehensive approach over many years to come. By leveraging our modular data layer with Animoca Brands' far-reaching ecosystem, we aim to unlock new frontiers in user-owned data economies.” For more about CARV's highly anticipated node sale, set to begin on June 3, 2024 for whitelisted participants and June 5, 2024 for the public, users can visit https://node.carv.io . https://node.carv.io https://node.carv.io About CARV CARV is the largest modular data layer for gaming, AI, and ∞, pioneering a future where data generates value for all. As the sole author of ERC7231, CARV has built CARV Protocol , the modular data layer which has integrated with 40+ blockchains, Google Cloud, and other identity, storage, infra and AI providers. CARV CARV CARV Protocol CARV Protocol CARV's flagship gaming superapp, CARV Play , is integrated with more than 790 web2 & 3 games and serving 2.7M+ gamers. CARV is backed by top-tier funds and ecosystems such as Temasek’s Vertex Ventures, ConsenSys (developer of Metamask), Tribe Capital, IOSG Ventures, Animoca Brands, HashKey Capital, Infinity Ventures Crypto, MARBELX, and more. For more information, users can visit carv.io . CARV Play CARV Play carv.io carv.io About Animoca Brands Animoca Brands (ACN: 122 921 813), a Deloitte Tech Fast winner, a Fortune Crypto 40 company, and one of the Financial Times’ High Growth Companies Asia-Pacific 2023 , is a Web3 leader that leverages blockchain to deliver digital property rights to consumers around the world to help to establish the open metaverse. Animoca Brands Animoca Brands Deloitte Tech Fast Deloitte Tech Fast Fortune Crypto 40 Fortune Crypto 40 High Growth Companies Asia-Pacific 2023 High Growth Companies Asia-Pacific 2023 The company develops and publishes a broad portfolio of products including original games such as The Sandbox, PHANTOM GALAXIES™, Life Beyond, and Crazy Defense Heroes, and products utilizing popular intellectual properties from the worlds of sports and entertainment, such as The Walking Dead, Power Rangers, MotoGP™, and Formula E. It has multiple subsidiaries, including The Sandbox , Blowfish Studios , Quidd , GAMEE , nWay , Pixowl , Forj , Lympo , Animoca Brands Japan , Grease Monkey Games , Eden Games , Darewise Entertainment , Notre Game , TinyTap , SPORTPASS , PIXELYNX , WePlay Media , Gryfyn , and Azarus . The Sandbox The Sandbox Blowfish Studios Blowfish Studios Quidd Quidd GAMEE GAMEE nWay nWay Pixowl Pixowl Forj Forj Lympo Lympo Animoca Brands Japan Animoca Brands Japan Grease Monkey Games Grease Monkey Games Eden Games Eden Games Darewise Entertainment Darewise Entertainment Notre Game Notre Game TinyTap TinyTap SPORTPASS SPORTPASS PIXELYNX PIXELYNX WePlay Media WePlay Media Gryfyn Gryfyn Azarus Azarus Animoca Brands is one of the most active investors in Web3, with a portfolio of over 400 Web3 investments, both directly and through Animoca Ventures, including Yuga Labs, Axie Infinity, Polygon, Consensys, Magic Eden, Fireblocks, OpenSea, Dapper Labs, Yield Guild Games, and many more. For more information users can visit www.animocabrands.com or follow on X (Twitter) , YouTube , Instagram , LinkedIn , Facebook , and TikTok . www.animocabrands.com www.animocabrands.com X (Twitter) X (Twitter) YouTube YouTube Instagram Instagram LinkedIn LinkedIn Facebook Facebook TikTok TikTok Contact Co-Founder & COO Victor Yu CARV media@carv.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

CARV Brings On Animoca Brands As Strategic Investor And Node Operator

The ascent of Web3 as the next frontier in internet development has become a consensus, and the question now arises: how will these traditional Web2 giants play with NFTs, the cornerstone of Web3? Web3 has seen an influx of new players, with many brands that once battled in the Web2 arena now strategically positioning themselves in Web3. These seasoned Web2 brands, with their extensive experience, bring forth innovative marketing strategies upon entering Web3. The Increasing Trend of Web2 Brands Entering Web3 Can Be Attributed to Several Factors: Rising Consumer Expectations for Personalization Modern consumers are no longer satisfied with traditional goods and services; they seek personalized and unique experiences. NFTs, as representatives of digital assets, offer brands an excellent tool to achieve this level of personalization. Building Genuine, Multidimensional Business Experiences through Ownership Web3, built on blockchain technology, provides users with true ownership. This decentralized characteristic fosters diverse and highly interactive business experiences, deeply engaging users in a multidimensional manner. Acknowledging Web3 as the upcoming trend in internet development, Web2 brands understand the necessity of seizing this opportunity. Web3 presents a unique chance for these brands to evolve and stay relevant in the ever-changing digital landscape. Entering Web3 often starts with taking the first step, and for many, the preferred choice is through NFTs. Web3 Gateway: NFT NFT, as a crucial component of Web3 development, is considered the primary channel and vehicle for the future of the Web3 world. Several renowned brands have chosen NFT as the gateway to enter Web3, demonstrating its significance in this domain: Disney: Disney Pinnacle In November 2023, Disney announced a collaboration with NFT IP development company Dapper Labs to launch the NFT platform "Disney Pinnacle." Iconic characters from Star Wars and Pixar studios will be presented in the form of NFTs. Starbucks: Odyssey Program Starbucks launched the "Odyssey" initiative, utilizing NFTs to reshape its membership system and strengthen brand influence. Trip: Trekki NFT Project Backed by Trip, the NFT project Trekki signifies not only owning a digital travel companion but also enjoying Trip coins, premium memberships, travel AI assistants, and other benefits. From the current entry of Web2 brands into the news, it is evident that companies in the fast-moving consumer goods, content culture, and service sectors are actively embracing Web3 with a rapid response. Brands with native philosophies and audience alignment with Web3 culture, particularly those using NFT as an entry point, are more readily accepted. Ownership & Membership System Establishment Granting users true ownership of digital assets, brands leverage NFTs to authenticate and safeguard their digital content or offer exclusive services to users. The tangible form of NFTs makes it easy for brands to construct user identity and loyalty systems. Uniqueness and Scarcity The uniqueness and limited quantity of NFTs make users more receptive to and appreciative of these digital assets. This underscores and signifies the identity and status of each NFT holder, elevating user trust and a sense of belonging to the brand. Weak Financial Attributes of NFTs Compared to other cryptographic assets, NFTs primarily function as digital collectibles with relatively weak financial attributes. This characteristic avoids compliance issues, making NFTs more widely accepted by a diverse user base. Brand Innovation and Trend Embrace Introducing NFTs is not merely a business strategy but also a way for brands to demonstrate innovation and embrace new technologies and trends, showcasing their commitment to staying at the forefront of the industry. NFT Marketing Strategies Many industry giants have embraced Web3, starting with NFTs. How do they execute NFT marketing strategies? NFT & Philanthropy Integrating NFTs with philanthropy not only showcases a brand's social responsibility but also establishes a positive image, resonating with core values tied to charitable causes. Associating NFT projects with specific social issues helps attract target audiences, and philanthropic actions often gain widespread media attention. Importantly, philanthropic NFT projects tend to navigate regulatory scrutiny more compliantly, providing brands with a safer marketing space. Luxury skincare brand La Prairie collaborates with digital artist Carla Chan for its inaugural NFT art series, "Space Beyond." The NFTs, with 365+1 versions generated in real-time based on weather and population data, will be exhibited at FRIEZE in New York on May 18, with proceeds dedicated to glacier conservation worldwide. NFT & Metaverse The application of NFTs in the metaverse is a common strategy in NFT marketing. The metaverse offers a virtual world that provides brands with a broader display space, making NFT presentations more vivid. Social interactivity creates additional avenues for NFT sharing and promotion among users. Furthermore, the metaverse opens up innovative possibilities for brands, allowing them to expand NFT applications through virtual events, exhibitions, and other formats, bringing more creativity and imaginative space to digital marketing. Louis Vuitton introduces the commemorative game "Louis: The Game," featuring 30 NFT rewards, including 10 designs by digital artist Beeple. Cooperating with Native Web3 Entities From the above examples of NFT marketing, it can be observed that many major players prefer to collaborate with native Web3 entities when designing NFTs. These entities can be individual digital artists or projects. Trekki NFT, in order to expand its audience, launched a joint campaign with a Web3 growth platform. The benefits of collaborating with such platforms include: The channels are highly vertical, providing access to the Web3 market. Specialized Channels: Growth platforms have a substantial user base with a high level of awareness, reducing the need for extensive user education. Large User Base: Various gameplay options cover different stages of the user lifecycle, from acquiring users during the initial phase of the NFT project to user conversion and retention, accelerating the project's operational pace. Diverse Gameplay Across User Lifecycle: Trekki NFT, a project supported by a leading Web2 brand, has achieved tremendous success in the Web3 space, with a total issuance of 10,000 NFTs and a community subscription rate reaching 100%. Collaborating with Web3 projects in marketing strategies facilitates convenient user participation in the NFT market, fostering broader dissemination of NFTs. Brands can leverage the technological innovations of Web3 projects to enhance NFTs with unique features and gameplay, ultimately enriching the user experience. Challenges and Prospects While major players entering Web3 through NFTs have achieved initial success, deeper marketing efforts have exposed some issues: Limited Sustainability The NFT market is still in its early stages, lacking mature standards and regulations. Brands issuing NFTs often fail to implement long-term maintenance and empowerment plans, leading to the difficulty of sustaining the value and significance of NFTs. User interest and demand for NFTs may fluctuate over time, posing challenges to their circulation and usage. Reputation Challenges Brands emphasize the identity and cultural aspects of NFTs over their financial attributes, causing users to perceive NFTs as symbolic and virtual rather than practical. This perception diminishes the social value and influence of NFTs. While acknowledging the challenges in NFT marketing, it's undeniable that the strategies employed by Web2 brands entering Web3 have shown initial effectiveness. The integration of traditional brand marketing from the internet era with Web3 technology is gradually taking shape. Looking ahead, as more projects and users enter the space, the application scope of NFTs will expand, and initial marketing challenges will be addressed. In this evolving marketing battleground that combines Web3, brands, and projects deeply immersed in the field are actively exploring alternative marketing approaches to enhance market share. For projects outside this landscape, leveraging the marketing methods discussed earlier could be a strategic move, seizing opportunities before the marketing battlefield expands and securing a position. Also published here

Web3 Battle Heats Up: How Web2 Giants Will Change Their Marketing Strategies in This New Game

Flow is a permissionless layer-1 blockchain built to support the high-scale use cases of games, virtual worlds, and the digital assets that power them. The blockchain was created by the team behind Cryptokitties, Dapper Labs, and NBA Top Shot. One core attribute that differentiates Flow from the other blockchains is its way of providing to objects within the blockchain. Fine-grained access is a new method of providing access to users that follows the principle of least privilege. This makes it highly secure and fault-resistant. Flow is one of the unique blockchains to have this, as it is built on the fundamentals of Capability-based security. fine-grained permissions But how does this help you as a developer? If you’re writing smart contracts, then you likely have to regularly define access to objects and functions within your contract. Understanding the different types of access better will help you to define access types in code more accurately. This will allow you to write highly secure and efficient smart contracts. Let’s dive in. Understanding fine-grained permissions As opposed to Role-based access control (RBAC), where permissions are defined loosely for every role and not specifically for every individual, fine-grained permissions allow developers to define permissions for objects at the lowest level. This allows permissions to be defined for every object. This also allows you to add new permissions types, such as time-expiry and geography-based permissions. Let’s understand the core principle behind fine-grained permissions. The principle of least privilege The concept of least privilege means that in a computing environment, any module (such as a process, a user, or a programmer) only has the necessary access that it needs to do its specific job. Any other unnecessary permissions for its specific job are either revoked or unavailable. For example, a programmer whose job is to create backups does not need to make user data updates, so it should only have read permissions on the database of users. This principle is the core principle behind fine-grained permissions. Capability-based Security A capability is an unforgeable token of authority. In capability-based authorization, your identity does not matter. If you’ve been sent an access token by the owner/admin that grants you the capability to access a resource and you can execute that capability, then you will have access. Hence, at runtime, the application does not check what your identity is but only that you can access the requested resource. Thus, fine-grained access can be implemented on the foundations of capability-based security. History of fine-grained access In the 1980s, operating systems would define permissions on objects as “read”, “write”, and “execute”. This was called Access Control Lists. In the 1990s, Role-based Access Control was introduced, which allowed you to create groups and assign users to groups. Then, the concepts of attribute-based access control and capability-based access control arrived, which brought fine-grained access into the picture. In the world of blockchains, however, fine-grained access is new and brought by Cadence, the language used to write Flow smart contracts. Fine-grained access in Cadence Cadence, the language used to write flow smart contracts, has built-in special keywords to allow for fine-grained permissions to resources. Below, we dive into the common keywords and the usage of these keywords to provide fine-grained access. The access keywords Flow defines certain keywords, known as access keywords, with different parameters to define the access privileges of a certain resource. Below are the four primary keywords: Pub or access(all) Using this keyword means the declaration is accessible in all scopes. However, this also means that the declaration is not updatable except when you’re updating the value at an index of an array. Pub or access(all) are the least restrictive types of access and should generally be avoided. Below is an example of using the pub keyword: pub contract Car {    pub let carBrand: String    pub let carNameByBrand: {String: String}    pub fun returnCarBrand(): String {        return self.carBrand    }}} Following the above code example, if there’s an object called CarObject of type Car, then the statement below invocation is valid. CarObject.carBrand //Equals the value of greeting in the object The values with access type pub are generally not updatable except when updating the value at a certain index of an array. CarObject.carNameByBrand = {} //Not ValidCarObject.carNameByBrand[“Porsche”] = “Carrera” //Valid access(self) access(self) means that the declaration is only visible in the current and inner scopes. For example, an access(self) field can only be accessed by the functions of the type it is a part of. When using access(self), it is common practice to define setters and getter methods to allow other objects and contracts to access this field. This keyword makes the usage very safe but also restrictive. Below is an example of using access(self): pub contract Car {    access(self) let carBrand: String    access(self) let carNameByBrand: {String: String}    pub fun returnCarBrand(): String {        return self.carBrand    }    pub fun returnCarName(_ brand: String): String? {        return self.carNameByBrand[brand]    }}} access(contract) access(contract) means that the declaration is only accessible in the scope of the contract that defines it. Hence, functions defined in other contracts under the same account or functions defined in contracts under other accounts will not be able to access it. This keyword is unique to Cadence and comes in handy when you have any contract-specific variables you don’t want to expose to other contracts. Below is an example of using the access(contract) keyword: pub contract CarContract {    pub struct Car {        access(contract) var carBrand: String    }    pub fun returnCarBrand(_brand: Car): String {        return Car.carBrand    }}} In the above example, if you have a method in a different contract that has an object of the Car struct, you cannot get the carBrand variable directly. However, you can call the returnCarBrand function to get the value of carBrand. access(account) This keyword means that the declaration is only accessible inside the entire account owned by the current smart contract. Hence, other contracts in the same account can access a variable freely. This type of access is very powerful, allowing you to keep a variable private to your account. You are also able to deploy a smart contract that needs to use the variable in the future, if needed. This way, several contracts in the same account can share information seamlessly with one another, promoting the modularity of code. Below is an example of how to use it: pub contract CarContract {    pub struct Car {        access(account) var carBrand: String    }    pub fun returnCarBrand(_brand: Car): String {        return Car.carBrand    }}} In the above example, if you have a method in a different contract that has an object of the Car struct, you can get the carBrand variable directly. Conclusion The concept of least privilege and capability-based security play a significant role in Flow's precise permissions. The access keywords provide clear definitions of variable and function access, as we have covered in this article. One of the most noteworthy features that fundamentally strengthens the security of the Flow blockchain is its fine-grained access control. Blockchain technology has long been plagued by bugs and hacks, most of which occur because of ill-conceived access controls. However, fine-grained access control provides developers with a remarkable opportunity to effortlessly and smoothly secure their smart contracts. Ultimately, this is what sets Flow apart in the world of blockchain. On the topic of fine-grained permissions, hopefully you found this in-depth exploration valuable and helpful. For more information, refer to the . Or explore the and get some hands-on experience! official documentation Flow Docs

Better Smart Contracts with Fine-Grained Permissions using Cadence

Flow is a permissionless layer-1 blockchain built to support the high-scale use cases of games, virtual worlds, and the digital assets that power them. The blockchain was created by the team behind Cryptokitties, Dapper Labs, and NBA Top Shot. One core attribute that differentiates flow from the other blockchains is its usage of capability-based access control. At its core, capability-based access control creates tokens of authority to give stakeholders selective access to certain resources without sharing everything. But why is this important for you as a Flow developer? With capabilities, you can define a user’s granular-level access privileges. So, if you’re building a music app and want to give the capability to access top playlists to only premium users, you can control that very easily with the built-in capabilities functionality of Flow. ( ) Source What is Blockchain authorization? Blockchain authorization is the methodology by which access to information and execution permissions are granted on a blockchain system. Several operations that a user may need to perform within a blockchain may include the following: Creating new smart contracts Updating smart contract code Executing smart contract functions Being a validator node Updating smart contract data If the methodology used to manage the execute permissions of the above operations is not fault-tolerant, then it could be a huge security risk for the application. There are several major types of authorization that have the same objectives but slightly different implementations. Access Control Lists (ACLs) Access Control Lists (ACLs) refer to the authentication mechanism that works on maintaining individual lists for managing access to different objects. ACLs are like guest lists for a resource. Those participants that are on the guest list of a certain object are allowed to access, and others are not. Role-based access control (RBAC) Role-based access control refers to the idea of assigning permissions to network participants on the basis of their role within an organization. The access rules are mapped to the roles rather than the individual identities. This is the most common form of authorization used in popular products like AWS. Capability-based authorization A capability is an unforgeable token of authority. In Capability-based authorization, your identity does not matter. If you receive an access token from the owner/admin that grants you the capability to access a resource, and you are able to execute that capability, then you will have access. At runtime, the application does not check what your identity is but only that you have the capability to access the requested resource. ACLs versus Capability-based authorization There are certain drawbacks to implementing ACLs, especially in the context of decentralization, which we’ll discuss below. Ambient Authority problem Let’s say that, as a user, you have received several different types of access and privileges to an app on your operating system. At some point, you request the app to fetch certain data for you. You would want to make sure that the app fetches only the data that’s absolutely necessary and doesn’t access anything else. However, in the case of ACL systems, there is no way to make sure this happens since the app has “ambient” authority. This can only be solved by using capability-based security systems. Watch to learn more. this video Confused Deputy problem Let’s say there’s a program A requesting a program B to perform certain actions. There might be instances where only program B has access to perform some of those actions, but program A does not. Program B still performs them because it didn’t double-check. In this case, program B was tricked into misusing its privileges by program A. This can be solved by using capabilities. Watch to learn more. Here’s how the company 25 years ago. this video Tymshare faced this problem ACL attack vector Because ACL lists are usually maintained with a centralized owner, it is prone to malicious updates at any time. Using capabilities takes away the power of performing malicious updates from a centralized owner and hence makes the system secure from the large ACL attack vector. ( ) Source About Capabilities A capability (also known as the ‘key’) is a hash that designates both the resource and access to it. This is also the model implemented in Bitcoin, where “your key is your money,” and in Ethereum, where “your key is gas for EVM computations.” In the Flow blockchain, “your keys are your data,” and hence, data access is controlled directly by keys instead of identities. By tying access to the key, capability-based models push security to the edge, decentralizing large attack vectors. Capabilities also make it very easy to write code that defines security privileges in a granular fashion. There are two major types of capabilities in Flow blockchain: Public capabilities Public capabilities are created using public paths and hence have the domain “public”. After creation, users can access them with authorized accounts (“AuthAccount”) and public accounts (“PublicAccount”). Private capabilities Private capabilities are created using private paths and hence have the domain “private”. After creation, they can only be accessed by authorized accounts (“AuthAccount”) and not by public accounts (“PublicAccount”). 3 Tenets of Capability-based Security — Capability-based security always has an unforgeable key to go with a particular access. This means that just the identity of a participant is not enough to get access. Encryption-based — Capability-based security is totally decentralized. This means that the success of the security system is not dependent on a single owner. Decentralized — It is easier to define fine-grained access to data and resources using capability-based security. Granular Creating a capability in Cadence Cadence is the programming language used to create Flow contracts. Below, we’ll talk about the code used to create capabilities in Cadence. Creating capability using a link function The link function of an authorized account (“AuthAccount”) is used to create a capability. fun link<T: &Any>(_ newCapabilityPath: CapabilityPath, target: Path): Capability<T>? is the public or private path identifying the capability newCapabilityPath is any public, private, or storage path that leads to the object that will provide the function defined by this capability target is the type parameter for the capability type T The above function will: return nil if the link for a given capability path already exists return the capability link if the link doesn’t already exist Removing capability using the unlink function The unlink function of an authorized account (“AuthAccount”) is used to remove a capability. fun unlink(_ path: CapabilityPath) is the public or private path of the capability that should be removed path Other important functions getLinkTarget This function can be used to get the target path of a capability. fun getLinkTarget(_ path: CapabilityPath): Path? getCapability This function can be used to get the link to existing capabilities. fun getCapability<T>(_ at: CapabilityPath): Capability<T> check This function is used to check if the target currently exists and can be borrowed. fun check<T: &Any>(): Bool borrow This function is used to borrow the capability and get a reference to a stored object. fun borrow<T: &Any>(): T? Code examples of creating a capability with Cadence We will follow a simple example where: Step 1: We will create a smart contract with a function as a resource. Step 2: We will access the resource. Create a capability to access the resource in that smart contract. Create a reference to that capability using the borrow function. Execute the function resource. Step 1: Creating a car smart contract Explanations are in the comments below: pub contract Car {
    // Declare a resource that only includes one function.
    pub resource CarAsset {
        // A transaction can call this function to get the "Honk Honk!"
        // message from the resource.
        pub fun honkHorn(): String {
            return "Honk Horn!"
        }
    }
    // We're going to use the built-in create function to create a new instance
    // of the Car resource
    pub fun createCarAsset(): @CarAsset {
        return <-create CarAsset()
    }
    init() {
        log("Creating CarAsset")
    }
} Step 2: Accessing the honkHorn() function in the CarAsset resource of Car smart contract The code below includes all three steps: Creating the capability to access the resource from CarAsset Creating a reference by borrowing the capability Executing the HonkHorn function Explanations are in the comments below: import Car from 0x01

// This transaction creates a new capability
// for the CarAsset resource in storage
// and adds it to the account's public area.
//
// Other accounts and scripts can use this capability
// to create a reference to the private object to be able to
// access its fields and call its methods.

transaction {
  prepare(account: AuthAccount) {

    // Create a public capability by linking the capability to
    // a `target` object in account storage.
    // The capability allows access to the object through an
    // interface defined by the owner.
    // This does not check if the link is valid or if the target exists.
    // It just creates the capability.
    // The capability is created and stored at /public/CarAssetTutorial, and is
    // also returned from the function.
    let capability = account.link<&Car.CarAsset>(/public/CarAssetTutorial, target: /storage/CarAssetTutorial)

    // Use the capability's borrow method to create a new reference
    // to the object that the capability links to
    // We use optional chaining "??" to get the value because
    // result of the borrow could fail, so it is an optional.
    // If the optional is nil,
    // the panic will happen with a descriptive error message
    let CarReference = capability.borrow()
      ?? panic("Could not borrow a reference to the Car capability")

    // Call the honkHorn function using the reference
    // to the CarAsset resource.
    //
    log(CarReference.honkHorn())
  }
} If you execute the above function, you should see the message “Honk Honk!” in your console. Refer to to learn how to deploy a contract and execute Cadence code. this tutorial Conclusion In this article, we learned the types of blockchain authorization and the added advantage of using capabilities over other methods of authorization. We also learned how to create, execute, and transfer capabilities in Cadence, the smart contract language of Flow blockchain. These learnings will help you as a developer to write highly secure code when building on Flow. In essence, capabilities open up a new paradigm of blockchain authorization, making it very easy for developers to define access at a granular level. The fact that Flow blockchain uses this paradigm for data access makes it one of the most secure blockchain options out there. And as you probably noticed, it is super easy to create capabilities in Flow. I hope that you enjoyed this deep dive into capability-based security in Flow blockchain. You can refer to the on Capabilities to learn more. I also recommend that you get your hands dirty by going through and this . official docs page Flow Docs tutorial on Capabilities Also published . here

Moving to Capability-Based Security with Flow: A Critical Evolution in Blockchain Security

is a permissionless layer-1 blockchain built to support the high-scale use cases of games, virtual worlds, and the digital assets that power them. The blockchain was created by the team behind CryptoKitties, Dapper Labs, and NBA Top Shot. Flow One of the best features of Flow is that it supports the paradigm of resource-oriented programming. Resource-oriented is a new way of managing memory where resources are held “in-situ” by the resource owner instead of in a separate ledger. This is very relevant for managing scarce and unreplicable digital resources on the blockchain. programming In this article, I’ll do a deep dive into resource-oriented programming—and allow you to better manage your resources in your Flow smart contracts. What is resource-oriented programming? In resource-oriented programming, objects are labeled as “resources.” Resources are a collection of variables and functions that only have exactly one copy at a time. Resources provide better composability than EVM and WASM. When something is called a resource, there are very specific rules for interacting with it. The three rules that apply to resources in resource-oriented programming are as follows: Each resource exists in only one memory location - Resources cannot be duplicated. Ownership of a resource is defined by where it is stored - No central ledger that keeps track of ownership. Only the owner of the resource can access its methods. To explain this better; in the real world, if you claim to own a watch, that ownership is proven by the fact that you possess it yourself. There is no central ledger that people refer to check if you are the owner. However, in programming, when we think of ownership, we think of a mapping somewhere in a ledger of the object ID to the owner ID. For example, in the case of ERC721 smart contracts, the ownership of digital assets is stored in a ledger owned by the main smart contract. Flow changes this paradigm of ownership by storing “resources” in the memory location owned by the owner itself (see image below). This means that if you’re holding a digital asset on the Flow blockchain, it is stored in the memory location of the account that you own. This has several benefits, which we’ll talk about in the coming section. Resources in Cadence is the world’s first high-level resource-oriented programming language. , created for Facebook’s now-defunct Diem, is the only other language that is resource-oriented, but it is more low-level. Cadence Move In Cadence, resources are defined using the “resource” keyword. Within a resource, you can define the attributes of the resource, like variables and functions. This definition of a resource now becomes a type and can be used to create objects of that type.\ An example of creating a resource and creating an instance of that resource is shown below: // Declare a resource that only includes one function.    pub resource CarAsset { // A transaction can call this function to get the "Honk Honk!"        // message from the resource.        pub fun honkHorn(): String {            return "Honk Horn!"        }    } // We're going to use the built-in create function to create a new instance    // of the Car resource    pub fun createCarAsset(): @CarAsset {        return <-create CarAsset()    } Destroy function Resources in Cadence can be explicitly destroyed using the “destroy” keyword. The Move Operator (<-) To make the moves of a resource explicit, the Move operator, such as “<-” must be used when: Initializing the value of a constant or variable with a resource Moving resources to a different variable Moving resources to the argument of a function Returning it from a function Code Example of Creating a Resource in Cadence Below is an example of a Cadence script that creates a CryptoKitty collection as a resource and also stores individual Kitties as a resource. contract CryptoKitties {// Accounts store a collection in their account storage  resource KittyCollection {// Each collection has functions to// move stored resources in and out  fun withdraw(kittyId: int): CryptoKittyfun deposit(kitty: CryptoKitty)}  // The resource objects that can be stored in the collectionresource CryptoKitty {}} transaction(signer: Account) {// Removes the Kitty from signer's collection, and stores it// temporarily on the stack. let theKitty <- signer.kittyCollection.withdraw(kittyId: myKittyId) // Moves the Kitty into the receiver's accountlet receiver = getAccount(receiverAccountId)receiver.kittyCollection.deposit(kitty: <-theKitty)} In the above code, we create a KittyCollection resource that has several CryptoKitty sub-resources within it. We then do a transfer transaction to transfer a Kitty from one user account to another. Other things to keep in mind Resources must be created using the “create” keyword. At the end of a function with resources, the resources should either be moved or destroyed. Accessing a field or a function of a resource does not destroy it. When a resource is moved, the constant or variable currently holding the resource becomes invalid. To make a resource type explicit, the prefix @ must be used in type annotations. Comparison and Benefits Resource-oriented programming versus ledger-based systems A common comparison of the ownership structure in resource-oriented programming is with ledger-based ownership. In the ledger model, like in ERC721 smart contracts, every time you have to update ownership, you need to update the mapping of the ID in a shared ledger. In resource-oriented programming, resources are stored within the account of the owner itself, so transferring a digital asset only means moving the resource from the first party to the second. This does not require updating any ledgers. Resource-oriented programming is more suitable for blockchain use cases like digital assets than the traditional ledger system. Benefits of resource-oriented programming There are several benefits that resource-oriented programming brings to the table. Let’s look at some of them below. Makes capability-based security possible Resource types provide the foundation on which capability-based security can be established. Capabilities are one of the best methods to create highly secure blockchain authorization systems. This brings the utmost security to the Flow blockchain. Eliminates reentrancy attacks Reentrancy attacks are one of the most severe smart contract vulnerabilities often exploited by hackers. In a reentrancy attack, a hacker calls the withdraw function on a smart contract recursively. This way, they are able to drain the entire funds of a smart contract. Since methods within a resource cannot be accessed by anyone but the owner, there is no possibility of a reentrancy attack. Better pricing and cost management In Ethereum, the CryptoKitties contract has 2 million digital assets collectively taking up more than 100 MB of space, living rent-free on the Ethereum blockchain. In an ideal world, it should be possible to charge the owners of Kitties based on how much of this data belongs to them on-chain. In Flow, since the resource is directly stored in the account of the owner, it is clear who needs to pay the cost for that data. Conclusion Resource-oriented programming is a new and innovative programming paradigm that has been brought to the blockchain world by the Flow blockchain. It makes resource management very efficient, easy, and secure. It also helps provide a better cost-sharing model for running blockchain infrastructure. You can refer to the on Resources to learn more. I also recommend that you get your hands dirty by going through and this . official docs page Flow Docs tutorial on Resources

The Power of Resource-Oriented Programming in Flow/Cadence: A Deep Dive

My second hackathon was on the Flow chain. You might ask why I specifically chose Flow and not any other hackathon. The answer is quite simple. I was part of the community from the very beginning; during the ICO, when I first heard about the project, and invested in Flow at 60 cents per coin. It was a good deal, especially when Flow’s cost rose up to $40 per coin. At that time, all the coins were locked, making it impossible for ICO investors to sell any. I was only able to sell them at $17, which, in my opinion, was great. Since then, I’ve actively followed the community. I wanted to participate in Hackathon season 1 but was busy with several other projects. So, when I heard about the upcoming hackathon season 2, I was very excited to participate in it with my idea for a charity that had been sitting in my mind for a long time. Before diving any deeper, you can try the project yourself by visiting https://prayforua.com Flow: Cadence, FCL Official Guide Since it was my first time working with the Flow ecosystem, I decided to use the official guide to learn Cadence and , which we will talk about later. FCL - Flow Client Library The official guide helped me understand Cadence better, guiding me through the most common use cases. Although very useful, I found it a bit verbose, with many articles written so that readers could jump in at any point. This led to repetition and made it seem clunky. Other than that, it took me around 6-8 hours to finish, leading to a basic understanding of the language principles and architecture of blockchain projects using the Flow ecosystem. Both Cadence and FCL were developed by DapperLabs, providing a consistent developer experience. Their API also seemed mature to me, even tho It’s a new language and API might change in the future, covering almost everything a developer might need, it might ever work for an enterprise-sized project. My project was smaller, but it still required a lot of smart contracts, I’ll describe that in the Architecture section. Cadence Compared to Other Languages For those who don’t know, Cadence is a new programming language for smart contracts written by Dapper Labs. I was very curious to try Cadence, having heard about this language some time ago, with its resource-oriented nature akin to . I also wanted to compare it with the well-established Solidity that I’ve used. Rust Resource-Oriented Nature One of the standout features of Cadence is its resource-oriented nature, drawing parallels with the programming language Rust. Rust gained prominence for its efficient resource allocation mechanism, centered around borrowing and lending. Similarly, Cadence employs a similar principle: resources can exist in only one location at a time. This fundamental concept guarantees resource safety, particularly for tokens and other critical resources within the smart contract ecosystem. This design choice not only enhances security but also contributes to the predictability and reliability of smart contracts. Enhanced Security Cadence’s resource-oriented approach inherently addresses some of the security concerns that plagued Solidity-based contracts. By preventing resource duplication and enforcing strict ownership rules, Cadence minimizes the potential for vulnerabilities such as reentrancy attacks and unauthorized token transfers. This focus on security aligns with Dapper Lab’s vision of providing a robust platform for building decentralized applications without compromising on safety. On the other hand, Solidity’s design allowed for pitfalls such as reentrancy attacks, which posed a significant security threat. My Hackathon Project Let’s briefly examine the app architecture and the main concept of my hackathon project. Tooling For my own projects, Svelte is a no-brainer, so: for speed. pnmp as js framework. Svelte as an application framework. (For those unfamiliar with SvelteKit, you might think of it as similar to Next.js) SvelteKit - For quick prototyping. (TailwindCSS for styles and the Tailwind library of mixed styles DaisyUI for even more styles on top of tailwind shugar for basic components like buttons, ranges, etc.) TailwindCSS/DaisyUI //package.json
{
...,
"devDependencies": {
"@sveltejs/adapter-vercel": "^3.0.2",
"@sveltejs/kit": "^1.22.1",
"autoprefixer": "^10.4.14",
"daisyui": "^3.1.11",
"eslint": "^8.44.0",
"eslint-config-prettier": "^8.8.0",
"eslint-plugin-svelte": "^2.32.2",
"postcss": "^8.4.25",
"prettier": "^3.0.0",
"prettier-plugin-svelte": "^2.10.1",
"svelte": "^4.0.5",
"tailwindcss": "^3.3.2",
"vite": "^4.4.2"
},
"dependencies": {
"@onflow/fcl": "^1.4.1",
"firebase": "^10.0.0",
"nanoid": "^4.0.2",
"ramda": "^0.29.0"
}
} As you can see, I’m using 4 client libs: fcl - flow client api firebase - my user data storage solution + db real-time updates onSnapshot nanoid - gen random id ramda - like lodash, but functional style library of utilities (Ramda helped take advantage of utility functions like pipe, combine, etc.) Because Svelte is a in the first place, there is no real difference between devDependencies and dependencies, but I’m adding client libs as dependencies for the sake of concept separation, so it’s easier to read. compiler Svelte store firebase simplified implementation You might want to see simple svelte store firebase api wrapper with localStorage sync import {getFirestore, doc, setDoc, getDoc} from 'firebase/firestore';
import {initializeApp} from 'firebase/app';
import {writable} from 'svelte/store';
import {browser} from '$app/environment';
import {firebaseKeys} from '$lib/firebase/config';

const initialState = {};

function createDb(key) {
  const initialValue =
    browser && localStorage.getItem(key)
      ? JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key))
      : initialState;

  const {subscribe, set, update} = writable(initialValue);
  const ini = initializeApp(firebaseKeys);
  const db = getFirestore(ini);

  return {
    set,
    update,
    subscribe,
    getDbRef: () => db,
    getDoc: async (path, id) => {
      const docRef = doc(db, path, id);
      return await getDoc(docRef);
    },
    setDoc: async (path, id, payload) => {
      try {
        const docRef = doc(db, path, id);
        await setDoc(docRef, {...payload}, {merge: true});
        console.warn('Document added to Firestore:', document);
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('Error adding document to Firestore:', error);
      }
    },
    useLocalStorage: () => {
      subscribe((current) => {
        if (browser) {
          localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(current));
        }
      });
    }
  };
}

export const db = createDb('app-db'); I wrote this wrapper to simplify the usage of Firebase API across the app. The might look a bit complex, but the logic is similar to zustand. Project store Svelte and cadence integration One aspect I love the most is the ability to integrate smart contract transactions and scripts using FCL, very handy for creating a serverless app. For example, transfering tokens be like: ...
export const transferFlow = async (amount, addr, cid) => {
  let transactionId = false;
  initTransactionState();

  try {
    transactionId = await fcl.mutate({
      cadence: `
        import FungibleToken from 0x9a0766d93b6608b7
        import FlowToken from 0x7e60df042a9c0868

        transaction(amount: UFix64, to: Address) {

           // The Vault resource that holds the tokens that are being transferred
           let sentVault: @FungibleToken.Vault

           prepare(signer: AuthAccount) {

               // Get a reference to the signer's stored vault
               let vaultRef = signer.borrow<&FlowToken.Vault>(from: /storage/flowTokenVault)
            ?? panic("Could not borrow reference to the owner's Vault!")

               // Withdraw tokens from the signer's stored vault
               self.sentVault <- vaultRef.withdraw(amount: amount)
           }

           execute {

               // Get a reference to the recipient's Receiver
               let receiverRef =  getAccount(to)
                   .getCapability(/public/flowTokenReceiver)
                   .borrow<&{FungibleToken.Receiver}>()
                    ?? panic("Could not borrow receiver reference to the recipient's Vault")

               // Deposit the withdrawn tokens in the recipient's receiver
               receiverRef.deposit(from: <-self.sentVault)
           }
        }
      `,
      args: (arg, t) => [arg(amount, t.UFix64), arg(addr, t.Address)],
      payer: fcl.authz,
      proposer: fcl.authz,
      authorizations: [fcl.authz],
      limit: 50
    });

    // store method
    txId.set(transactionId);

    // subscribe to svelte transactions
    fcl.tx(transactionId).subscribe((res) => {
      transactionStatus.set(res.status);
      if (res.status) {
        if (res.status === 4) {
          getAccountBalance(addr, cid);
          auth.addFlowTransaction({
            txId: transactionId,
            event: `${amount} Flow transferred to ${addr} at`,
            status: res.status,
            timestamp: new Date().getTime()
          });
          setTimeout(() => transactionInProgress.set(false), 2000);
        }
      }
    });
  } catch (e) {
    transactionStatus.set(99);
    console.warn(e);
  }
};
... Here method receiving an object with key and value will be valid cadence code, and this way you can write transactions and scripts easily from your js files. See more examples of flc actions in github. fcl.mutate cadence Conclusion Even tho I didn’t win, the Flow ecosystem fullstack development was an interesting experience. It seems more concise and simplified to work with when compared to the Ethereum ecosystem, which is not bad at all but I definitely like cadence more than solidity. However, to be fair, the last time I used the Solidity ecosystem was more than three years ago, so things might have changed, although I doubt it. 🥲 Outro I appreciate your engagement thus far. 🙏 Whether you’re a startup or an established enterprise, I’m here to help you build and enhance your digital products by offering my services. You can reach me by email at or find more contact information at glazer.nicholas@gmail.com https://nicholasglazer.com/man/ng Also published here.

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