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ForkJoinPool is a special-purpose ExecutorService in Java designed for parallelizing divide-and-conquer algorithms. It is part of the java.util.concurrent package introduced in Java 7. The main idea behind ForkJoinPool is to efficiently utilize available CPU cores by recursively splitting tasks into smaller subtasks and executing them in parallel. The common pool of ForkJoinPool threads are implicitly used in Java applications whenever ForkJoinTasks are submitted for execution without explicitly specifying a custom ForkJoinPool instance. Here are some scenarios in which the common pool threads are implicitly utilized: Parallel Stream Operations: When using parallel stream operations in Java 8 or later, such as parallel() or parallelStream(), the underlying implementation may utilize the common pool threads for parallel execution of stream operations. For example:
javaCopy codeList<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum();




RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction: If you create instances of RecursiveTask or RecursiveAction and invoke their fork() and join() methods, the tasks are typically executed using the common pool threads. For example:
javaCopy codeclass MyRecursiveTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        // Task logic here
    }
}
MyRecursiveTask task = new MyRecursiveTask();
int result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task);




Task Execution by ForkJoinPool: Any ForkJoinTasks submitted to the ForkJoinPool using methods like invoke(), submit(), or execute() without specifying a custom pool instance will be executed using the common pool threads.


Parallel Array Operations: Operations on parallel arrays using Arrays.parallelSetAll(), Arrays.parallelSort(), etc., may utilize the common pool threads for parallel processing.


CompletableFuture: Operations on CompletableFuture, especially those involving asynchronous computations and combining results using methods like thenCombine() or thenApplyAsync(), may leverage the common pool threads for execution. In all these scenarios, the common pool threads are implicitly used by the Java runtime to execute tasks in parallel, taking advantage of multi-core processors and maximizing CPU utilization. Generally, it’s not advisable to use ForkJoinPool threads directly in the methods of CompletableFuture. Here's why: Reasons to Avoid Direct Usage: Conflicting Execution Models: CompletableFuture uses its own asynchronous execution mechanism, often relying on a cached thread pool or a custom executor you provide. Bypassing this mechanism and introducing ForkJoinPool threads can lead to unexpected behavior and potential thread pool management issues.
Limited Control: Using thenAsync allows CompletableFuture to manage thread pool utilization based on the workload. Direct ForkJoinPool usage might not align with this management strategy.
Blocking: ForkJoinPool is optimized for CPU-bound tasks with coarse-grained parallelism. Blocking operations within thenAsync tasks can hinder the pool's efficiency. Recommended Approach: Leverage the internal asynchronous execution mechanism of CompletableFuture. You can configure a custom executor for CompletableFuture if you have specific thread pool requirements, but it's usually not necessary for basic asynchronous tasks.
If you have CPU-bound tasks suitable for ForkJoinPool, consider processing them before using CompletableFuture. Utilize CompletableFuture for the asynchronous chaining of these pre-processed results. In summary, exercise caution while using CompletableFuture methods without passing custom executor service as it might create some unexpected behavior. ForkJoinPool is a special-purpose ExecutorService in Java designed for parallelizing divide-and-conquer algorithms. It is part of the java.util.concurrent package introduced in Java 7 . The main idea behind ForkJoinPool is to efficiently utilize available CPU cores by recursively splitting tasks into smaller subtasks and executing them in parallel. ForkJoinPool ExecutorService java.util.concurrent Java 7 ForkJoinPool The common pool of ForkJoinPool threads are implicitly used in Java applications whenever ForkJoinTasks are submitted for execution without explicitly specifying a custom ForkJoinPool instance. Here are some scenarios in which the common pool threads are implicitly utilized: ForkJoinPool ForkJoinPool Parallel Stream Operations: When using parallel stream operations in Java 8 or later, such as parallel() or parallelStream(), the underlying implementation may utilize the common pool threads for parallel execution of stream operations. For example:
javaCopy codeList<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum(); RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction: If you create instances of RecursiveTask or RecursiveAction and invoke their fork() and join() methods, the tasks are typically executed using the common pool threads. For example:
javaCopy codeclass MyRecursiveTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        // Task logic here
    }
}
MyRecursiveTask task = new MyRecursiveTask();
int result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task); Task Execution by ForkJoinPool: Any ForkJoinTasks submitted to the ForkJoinPool using methods like invoke(), submit(), or execute() without specifying a custom pool instance will be executed using the common pool threads. Parallel Array Operations: Operations on parallel arrays using Arrays.parallelSetAll(), Arrays.parallelSort(), etc., may utilize the common pool threads for parallel processing. CompletableFuture: Operations on CompletableFuture, especially those involving asynchronous computations and combining results using methods like thenCombine() or thenApplyAsync(), may leverage the common pool threads for execution. Parallel Stream Operations: When using parallel stream operations in Java 8 or later, such as parallel() or parallelStream(), the underlying implementation may utilize the common pool threads for parallel execution of stream operations. For example: javaCopy codeList<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum(); Parallel Stream Operations : When using parallel stream operations in Java 8 or later, such as parallel() or parallelStream() , the underlying implementation may utilize the common pool threads for parallel execution of stream operations. For example: Parallel Stream Operations parallel() parallelStream() javaCopy codeList<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum(); javaCopy codeList<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum(); RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction: If you create instances of RecursiveTask or RecursiveAction and invoke their fork() and join() methods, the tasks are typically executed using the common pool threads. For example: javaCopy codeclass MyRecursiveTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        // Task logic here
    }
}
MyRecursiveTask task = new MyRecursiveTask();
int result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task); RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction : If you create instances of RecursiveTask or RecursiveAction and invoke their fork() and join() methods, the tasks are typically executed using the common pool threads. For example: RecursiveTask and RecursiveAction RecursiveTask RecursiveAction fork() join() javaCopy codeclass MyRecursiveTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        // Task logic here
    }
}
MyRecursiveTask task = new MyRecursiveTask();
int result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task); javaCopy codeclass MyRecursiveTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        // Task logic here
    }
}
MyRecursiveTask task = new MyRecursiveTask();
int result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task); Task Execution by ForkJoinPool: Any ForkJoinTasks submitted to the ForkJoinPool using methods like invoke(), submit(), or execute() without specifying a custom pool instance will be executed using the common pool threads. Task Execution by ForkJoinPool : Any ForkJoinTasks submitted to the ForkJoinPool using methods like invoke() , submit() , or execute() without specifying a custom pool instance will be executed using the common pool threads. Task Execution by ForkJoinPool ForkJoinPool invoke() submit() execute() Parallel Array Operations: Operations on parallel arrays using Arrays.parallelSetAll(), Arrays.parallelSort(), etc., may utilize the common pool threads for parallel processing. Parallel Array Operations : Operations on parallel arrays using Arrays.parallelSetAll() , Arrays.parallelSort() , etc., may utilize the common pool threads for parallel processing. Parallel Array Operations Arrays.parallelSetAll() Arrays.parallelSort() CompletableFuture: Operations on CompletableFuture, especially those involving asynchronous computations and combining results using methods like thenCombine() or thenApplyAsync(), may leverage the common pool threads for execution. CompletableFuture : Operations on CompletableFuture , especially those involving asynchronous computations and combining results using methods like thenCombine() or thenApplyAsync() , may leverage the common pool threads for execution. CompletableFuture CompletableFuture thenCombine() thenApplyAsync() In all these scenarios, the common pool threads are implicitly used by the Java runtime to execute tasks in parallel, taking advantage of multi-core processors and maximizing CPU utilization. Generally, it’s not advisable to use ForkJoinPool threads directly in the methods of CompletableFuture . Here's why: ForkJoinPool CompletableFuture Reasons to Avoid Direct Usage: Reasons to Avoid Direct Usage: Conflicting Execution Models: CompletableFuture uses its own asynchronous execution mechanism, often relying on a cached thread pool or a custom executor you provide. Bypassing this mechanism and introducing ForkJoinPool threads can lead to unexpected behavior and potential thread pool management issues. Limited Control: Using thenAsync allows CompletableFuture to manage thread pool utilization based on the workload. Direct ForkJoinPool usage might not align with this management strategy. Blocking: ForkJoinPool is optimized for CPU-bound tasks with coarse-grained parallelism. Blocking operations within thenAsync tasks can hinder the pool's efficiency. Conflicting Execution Models: CompletableFuture uses its own asynchronous execution mechanism, often relying on a cached thread pool or a custom executor you provide. Bypassing this mechanism and introducing ForkJoinPool threads can lead to unexpected behavior and potential thread pool management issues. Conflicting Execution Models: CompletableFuture ForkJoinPool Limited Control: Using thenAsync allows CompletableFuture to manage thread pool utilization based on the workload. Direct ForkJoinPool usage might not align with this management strategy. Limited Control: thenAsync CompletableFuture ForkJoinPool Blocking: ForkJoinPool is optimized for CPU-bound tasks with coarse-grained parallelism. Blocking operations within thenAsync tasks can hinder the pool's efficiency. Blocking: ForkJoinPool thenAsync Recommended Approach: Recommended Approach: Leverage the internal asynchronous execution mechanism of CompletableFuture. You can configure a custom executor for CompletableFuture if you have specific thread pool requirements, but it's usually not necessary for basic asynchronous tasks. If you have CPU-bound tasks suitable for ForkJoinPool, consider processing them before using CompletableFuture. Utilize CompletableFuture for the asynchronous chaining of these pre-processed results. Leverage the internal asynchronous execution mechanism of CompletableFuture . You can configure a custom executor for CompletableFuture if you have specific thread pool requirements, but it's usually not necessary for basic asynchronous tasks. CompletableFuture CompletableFuture If you have CPU-bound tasks suitable for ForkJoinPool , consider processing them before using CompletableFuture . Utilize CompletableFuture for the asynchronous chaining of these pre-processed results. ForkJoinPool CompletableFuture CompletableFuture In summary, exercise caution while using CompletableFuture methods without passing custom executor service as it might create some unexpected behavior.

When is Common ForkJoinPool Used Internally by JVM?

is a high-performance, general-purpose programming language. C++ (C with Classes) This language’s value is evident in building some of the fastest and most critical computer programs. Throughout its 35+ years in the market, the language has been used to create web applications, robotics applications, industrial applications, and other complex engineering systems. C++ is valued in the job market, and developers who have mastered the language are sought after. The first and most vital step while developing projects with C++ is to choose an . IDE (Integrated Development Environment) IDEs are applications that allow programmers to develop software in human-understandable language. The IDE is an environment in which the program is implemented, executed, compiled, and debugged. Several companies provide IDEs for C++. They all have their strengths and weaknesses. Below, I have listed the . Top 6 IDEs for C++ in 2021 1. Embarcadero C++Builder: , owned by Embarcadero, allows developers to build native applications that deliver performance. C++Builder The developer can use the cross-platform IDE to build a desktop (Windows and macOS) and mobile (iOS and Android) software. It is also written in C++ and Object Pascal. C++Builder has features like debugger, graphical user interface builder, integrated toolchain, and autocomplete. Other highlights of the application are intuitive interface frameworks with beautiful design. With fast development, it allows native connectivity to more than 20 databases, like Oracle, SQL Server, and MySQL. The developer can also use the tool to build IoT applications with easy connectivity to sensors and devices. Released in 1997, C++Builder is at version 10.4.2 and grants users a free 30-day trial. 2. Eclipse IDE: The is a simple IDE initially released in 2001 by IBM. It is now open-source and managed by a public foundation. Eclipse IDE The IDE was written in Java and used to build Java applications. However, the program can now build applications in C/C++, JavaScript/TypeScript, and PHP. Among the pros of using Eclipse are the extensible tools for the IDE. It has a marketplace with customizations and extensions. The downside of using Eclipse is that it is not stable and has outdated UI elements. 3. Microsoft Visual Code: is a code editor released by Microsoft in 2015. It stands out for being able to run lightly with power. Visual Studio Code The software allows programming in Java, JavaScript, Go, Node.js, Python, and C++. The IDE attracts attention from the development community for allowing the extension of features. It is proprietary freeware. Visual Studio Code is difficult to use for beginning developers. Older equipment may have slow performance. 4. Apache NetBeans: The Apache Software Foundation developed . Modularity is the main feature of this software. NetBeans The open-source IDE was designed in 1996 for an academic project in Java but later expanded to support other programming languages such as C++, PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. One of its essential features is its ability to lighten code semantically and syntactically. It has a simple UI. NetBeans may require much memory to run without slow performance. 5. Code::Blocks: is an IDE that has all the features a developer needs with a consistent look and feel. It is a free, open-source, cross-platform environment. Code::Blocks The application was created with C++ in 2005 by a team of developers. It presents a fast and intuitive interface. The software supports multiple compilers. With drag and play, the programmer can arrange components. Code::Blocks has some UI elements that need updating. It also has problems implementing extensions. 6. CodeLite: It supports all major C++ compilers, has efficient PHP, and runs Node.js. These are IDE credentials. CodeLite The IDE is open-source distributed as GNU and runs several programming languages. The software appeared in 2006 as a library of builds. The interface is simple. Conclusion There are other options that  C++ developers can make use of in 2021. C++ enables programmers to create robust projects that ensure efficient execution. Several factors need to be considered when choosing an IDE. It is advisable to test each of them before settling on one. Every project has a particular development environment that suits it best.

Top 6 IDEs for Developers to Compile C++ Programs in 2021

There’s a ton of articles about this , and a lot of useful info around , but i wanted to write a little about this. I’ve been rather annoyed at osx later , the whole permission to install from un-trusted sources , homebrew path change etc etc , for a while I’ve used OSX because it gets me “there” quicker , as in , i don’t need to do any configuration (wifi / multiple screens / fan control / thermald / etc / and I’m a bit OCD about this) . I’ve decided to give arch a go last week , i have a macbook 11,1 , it’s a late 2013 with retina. I have a some experience using linux on laptops i knew this wasn’t going to be easy , but i hoped for the best and gave it a go. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MacBookPro11,x I didn’t partition , I’ve decided to use the full drive for Arch so no EFI magic , I’ve used Arch purely and merely for AUR as I’m too lazy to clone from git sometimes and it’s the best to be cutting edge (which I was sure i was going to need for broadcom chispsets) Anyways this is the list of problems i’ve faced: Retina (xfce needs a custom theme to be usable) [use xfce hidpi themes] Vtty Fonts too small [ vconsole.conf ] broadcom wl 4360 , random disconnections [yaourt] hibernate/suspend to ram works! trackpad …mtrack does a decent job … not comparable with osx [yaourt] battery life (im starting to accept i won’t get 9 hours , i get 5 with tlp powertop mbpfancontrol and others) this can be my ocd again but on idle is 10 degrees hotter than osx [:S] Before i started all this i knew there will be some sacrifices to make , as we all know some things don’t work as well when drivers have to be reversed engineered (4360) etc , but overall im happy with it. It looks amazing and the things i need work pretty much out of the box (multi screens , wifi , suspend) These articles helped me _What to do to kick start it and teach it super powers_medium.com Arch Linux running on my MacBook _The MacBook Pro 11,x consists of models with Retina display shipped by Apple In Late 2013 and Mid 2014. Like its…_wiki.archlinux.org MacBookPro11,x - ArchWiki _Version française 2015-12-08 - gummiboot has been integrated to systemd 2015-11-06 - section about fan control 2015-03…_loicpefferkorn.net Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Retina 2014 with DM-Crypt, LVM and suspend to disk _The installation process of Arch Linux on a Macbook Pro has quite a few caveats, but it is about the slickest machine I…_codylittlewood.com Dual boot Arch Linux on MacBook Pro Installation _Perhaps in another post where I have more room and time I will get into all the reasons for installing GNU/Linux on my…_mchladek.me Installing Arch Linux on a MacBook Pro · Michael Chladek and finally _In the style of Michael Chladek, I thought it would be useful to my future-self and others, if I wrote up a summary of…_visual-assault.org Installing (encrypted) Arch Linux on an Apple MacBook Pro Sorry about the images :) Overall I’m excited to have full control of my laptop again and I am surprised how many things didn’t fail and work out of the box , you should give it a go .

Arch on Macbook Pro

Introduction has an underrated, in my opinion, possibility to share a project using the plugin. This plugin can be very useful for: Android Studio CodeWithMe Pair programming. Teaching. Working together to solve problems in a project. Connecting via Marketplace To start using it, go to . Then go to the tab and enter “code with me**”**. But this is the ideal case. As you know, life is not perfect. File -> Settings -> Plugins Marketplace When I tried to do this, I was immediately met with installation problems: As you can see from the screenshot, entering a search query did not find anything. Then I tried to enter the query without spaces, but also to no avail: In trying to solve this problem, I came across a variety of issues on and questions on . There were a total of 3 problems with connecting the plugin via : YouTrack StackOverflow https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/IDEA-269919/Code-With-Me-plugin-unavailable-for-latest-build https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/CWM-3933 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30617408/how-to-install-plugin-in-android-studio Marketplace bugs in itself; Android Studio incompatible versions of Android Studio and the plugin; difficulties with connecting paid plugins in Android Studio. By the way - the plugin is paid. However, Android Studio does not offer to buy it, it just does not show it in the list. In general, to connect the plugin through I failed. If anyone knows the solution, then write in the comments. Marketplace Manual connection As you know, for such cases offers a workaround - to connect manually. To do this, you need to follow the same path: . Then click on the gear icon and select . Android Studio File -> Settings -> Plugins Install Plugin from Disk Naturally, it is necessary to download the plugin on the in advance. marketplace site And then - select the necessary file on the disk: However, there was a surprise waiting for me here, too - the latest version of the plugin turned out to be incompatible with : Android Studio Perhaps that was the answer as to why it wasn't in the . This got me thinking that I needed to update my version of since I didn't have the latest one: Marketplace Android Studio I upgraded to the latest: This did not solve the problem. But it gave me the idea that I need to find a compatible version with . By the way, I tried installing it in , the same problems arise there. Android Studio Intellij Idea After some time I managed to find the necessary version, for this on the you need to put the following settings: marketplace site Only the installation of this version of the plugin went: By the way, only the trial version of the plugin is installed. Will the full version be available for ? I still haven't found an answer. Android Studio Setting up the Connection After installing the plugin, the following items will appear. An icon near the start button and in the menu: Tools And also an item in the settings: They are how the control takes place. To start working, it is necessary to give permission. To do this, click on the icon next to the start button: A window will appear with a choice of actions: Select the first option: . Then there will be a window with the rules that you need to agree with. Then you will see a window where you can select the connection options: Enable Access and Copy Invitation Link Despite the scary red message, select and click . Edit files Enable Access After that, you will be given access to edit the project and you can work on it together anywhere in the world. But you can also work on the current computer. This is what we will try to do. Click again on the icon and select Join Another IDE as a Participant and paste the copied link: To copy the link, you need to click on the first item on this . Copy Invitation Link sheet The same project opens: Note that after you have done this, a green dot appears near the icon, indicating that the status is active: Also at the bottom of the studio appeared data on the speed of data transmission: Using the plugin The plugin supports the same functions as working in a normal studio. For example, if you highlight text in a project, it will also be highlighted in your colleague. And vice versa: https://youtu.be/dhNUpxCFBuI Works n as in a normal project: code completio https://youtu.be/UgfKLwfHZI0 However, you can feel the slowdown. You can see it in the video. If you want to stop access, you have to select : Turn Access Off and Disconnect All https://youtu.be/Ns2XXmHP9DY It is worth noting the limited capabilities of the participants connected to the project. For example, compare the tab in the main project and : File CodeWithMe The additional features of are well described in these resources: CodeWithMe https://www.jetbrains.com/code-with-me/ https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2022/09/09/code-with-me-kotlin/ Getting started with Code With Me | IntelliJ IDEA https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/14896-code-with-me/versions In particular, you can connect audio and video communication there. Conclusion seems to me to be a rather useful plugin. Of course, it is not for daily use, but it is needed in rare cases of development. It should be considered as a substitute for Zoom and Skype, where you can share the screen, or Teams, where you can control the cursor. Or as a cut version of TeamViewer for the needs of development. In some situations, it can make communication much easier. CodeWithMe If you notice any bugs or know how to solve problems with the connection through the , then write in the comments. Marketplace

Using the CodeWithMe Plugin in Android Projects and Troubleshooting Connectivity Issues

Developing good is hard. software You’re on a development team, the backlog’s a mile long, team members are overloaded and you’re left making best guesses on how to work with the codebase. At we’re aiming to change all that. Codelingo Our purpose is for our tools to free developers from solving problems within their code so they can instead spend time solving the problems of the world. Great software is the product of a team that holds themselves accountable. Linters and peer reviews are the standard tools for this job, yet there are problems. Off the shelf linters only catch some issues generic to the language. Peer reviews are time consuming and easily miss issues. We need a generalised linter and workflow automator — a light-touch way to encode knowledge and practices so they can be shared and easily updated at scale … enter . Codelingo By quickly capturing both knowledge and practices, Codelingo unlocks the ability to automate dev workflows such as code reviews with project specific patterns, quickly and easily. It’s three steps to get started: 1. Install the 2. Commit a codelingo.yaml file to your repository3. to safeguard your codebase. github app Add or Write Tenets Every new pull request will be checked against the Tenets of your team. Use the to write your own Tenets quickly and easily or from the community. Download the to analyse any Git repository on your local machine. online playground import Tenet bundles lingo CLI tool Take back charge of your development, automate the stuff no one likes doing and get back to the creative development you and your team love. What Next Expect us to get a lot more noisy in the near future. In the meantime, follow us on twitter and get started with the . Lot’s more coming soon! @codelingoapp github app This post was originally published at . codelingo.io/blog/launch

Codelingo: Making Software Development Fun Again

Recently I came across a . I found it interesting enough to post here. Codility demo task At first, I wanted to use a , tracking the minimum positive integer . Take the following array: [1, 3, 6, 4, 1, 2]. Let’s iterate it. The first number is 1. So the minimum integer that is not in this array so far is 2. Then there is 3. So the minimum integer that is not in this array so far is still 2. Everything’s great until I finally encounter 2 in the end of this array. So how am I supposed to come up with an answer — 5 — with this approach? Well, I’m afraid it simply doesn’t work here. So it became obvious that I need to remember somehow all the encountered numbers. greedy algorithm so far What is the best way to spot them? The approach that comes to mind first is to have some pattern array, kinda sieve, the one that contains all the positive integers within a given interval. And it would be very handy if its keys would coincide with values. So with every integer I encounter in input array I find a corresponding key in a pattern array, and mark its value as, say, null: $pattern = (0, 100000); range ($a $value) {$pattern[$value] = ;} foreach as null After that all I need is to iterate it and find the first key with a non-null value. But before that I want to make sure that I won’t get 0 as an answer since it’s not a positive integer. So I unset the first element in my pattern array. And there is an edge case. What happens if I get all the integers within a given interval, [1, 100000]? The answer should be 100001. So I create a pattern array with the equals to 100001: supremum solution( $a) {$pattern = (0, 100001); function array range **foreach** ($a **as** $value) {  
    $pattern\[$value\] = **null**;  
}  

**unset**($pattern\[0\]);  

**for** ($i = 1; $i <= _count_($pattern); $i++) {  
    **if** (!_is\_null_($pattern\[$i\])) {  
        **return** $i;  
    }  
} } Voilà!

Codility Demo Test Solution

Solución de prueba de demostración de Codility

The content of the blog you are reading right now is stored in a Git repository. Every time I create an article, I create a new Git Branch to isolate the changes. To generate the skeleton of the articles, I use the command line (well, I generally use ); in particular, given that I’m using both Windows 10 and Windows 11 - depending on the laptop I’m working on - I use the , which allows you to define the style, the fonts, and so on of every terminal configured in the settings. PowerShell Integrated Terminal The : no info is shown except for the current path - I want to customize the appearance. default profile is pretty basic I want to show the status of the repository, including: Git repository name branch name outgoing commits There are lots of articles that teach how to use OhMyPosh with Cascadia Code. Unfortunately, I couldn’t make them work. In this article, I teach you . It’s a I wrote while installing it on my local machine. I hope it works for you as well! how I fixed it on my local machine step-by-step guide Step 1: Create the $PROFILE file if it does not exist In PowerShell, you can customize the current execution by updating the file. $PROFILE Clearly, you first have to . check if the profile file exists Open the PowerShell and type: $PROFILE # You can also use $profile lowercase - it's the same! This command shows you the . The file, if it exists, is stored in that location. expected path of this file In this case, the file should be available under the folder . In my case, it does not exist, though! $Profile C:\Users\d.bellone\Documents\WindowsPowerShell Therefore, you must create it manually: head to that folder and . create a file named Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 Note: it might happen that not even the folder exists. If it’s missing, well, create it! WindowsPowerShell Step 2: Install OhMyPosh using Winget, Scoop, or PowerShell To use , we have to - of course - install it. OhMyPosh As explained , there are , depending on the tool you prefer. in the official documentation three ways to install OhMyPosh If you use , just run: Winget winget install JanDeDobbeleer.OhMyPosh -s winget If you prefer , the command is: Scoop scoop install https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/oh-my-posh.json And, if you like working with , execute: PowerShell Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; Invoke-Expression ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1')) I used , and you can see the installation process here: Winget Now, to apply these changes, you have to . restart the PowerShell Step 3: Add OhMyPosh to the PowerShell profile Open the file and add the following line: Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 oh-my-posh init pwsh | Invoke-Expression This command is executed every time you open the PowerShell with the default profile, and it initializes OhMyPosh to have it available during the current session. Now, you can save and close the file. . Hint: you can open the profile file with Notepad by running notepad $PROFILE Step 4: Set the Execution Policy to RemoteSigned Restart the terminal. In all probability, you will see an error like this: The error message The file is not digitally signed. You cannot run this script on the current system <path>\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 means that PowerShell does not trust the script it’s trying to load. To see which Execution Policy is currently active, run: Get-ExecutionPolicy You’ll probably see that the value is . AllSigned To enable the execution of scripts created on your local machine, you have to , using this command by : set the Execution Policy value to RemoteSigned running the PowerShell in administrator mode Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned Let’s see the definition of the Execution policy as per : RemoteSigned SQLShack’s article This is also a . This policy dictates that any script that was not created on the system that the script is running on, should be signed. Therefore, . safe PowerShell Execution policy to set in an enterprise environment this will allow you to write your own script and execute it So, yeah, feel free to proceed and set the new Execution policy to have your PowerShell profile loaded correctly every time you open a new PowerShell instance. Now, OhMyPosh can run in the current profile. Head to a and notice that… It’s not working!🤬 Or, well, we have the Git information, but we are missing some icons and glyphs. Git repository Step 5: Use CaskaydiaCove, not Cascadia Code, as a font We still have to . install the correct font with the missing icons We will install it using , a package manager available for Windows 11. Chocolatey To check if you have it installed, run: choco -v Now, to install the correct font family, and run: open a PowerShell with administration privileges choco install cascadia-code-nerd-font Once the installation is complete, you must tell Integrated Terminal to use the correct font by following these steps: Open the page (by hitting ) Settings CTRL + , select the profile you want to update (in my case, I’ll update the default profile) open the section Appearance under Font face, select CaskaydiaCove Nerd Font Now close the Integrated Terminal to apply the changes. Open it again, navigate to a Git repository, and admire the result. Further readings The first time I read about OhMyPosh, it was on Scott Hanselman’s blog. I couldn’t make his solution work - and that’s the reason I wrote this article. However, in his article, he shows how he customized his own Terminal with more glyphs and icons, so you should give it a read. 🔗 My Ultimate PowerShell prompt with Oh My Posh and the Windows Terminal | Scott Hanselman’s blog We customized our PowerShell profile with just one simple configuration. However, you can do a lot more. You can read Ruud’s in-depth article about PowerShell profiles. 🔗 How to Create a PowerShell Profile – Step-by-Step | Lazyadmin One of the core parts of this article is that we have to use as a font instead of the (in)famous . But why? CaskaydiaCove Cascadia Code 🔗 Why CaskaydiaCove and not Cascadia Code? | GitHub This article first appeared on Code4IT 🐧 Finally, as I said at the beginning of this article, I use Git and Git Branches to handle the creation and management of my blog articles. That’s just the tip of the iceberg! 🏔️ If you want to steal my (previous) workflow, have a look at the behind-the-scenes of my blogging process (note: in the meanwhile, a lot of things have changed, but these steps can still be helpful for you) 🔗 From idea to publishing, and beyond: how I automated my blogging workflow with GitHub, PowerShell, and Azure | Code4IT Wrapping up In this article, we learned how to install OhMyPosh in PowerShell and overcome all the errors you (well, I) don’t see described in other articles. I wrote this step-by-step article alongside installing these tools on my local machine, so . I’m confident the solution will work Did this solution work for you? Let me know! 📨 I hope you enjoyed this article! Let’s keep in touch on or ! 🤜🤛 Twitter LinkedIn Happy coding! 🐧 Also published . here

Using OhMyPosh and CascadiaCode: Elevating PowerShell and Integrating with Git in Windows

Model validation is fundamental to any project: it brings and acting as a first shield against an invalid state. security robustness You should then add Unit Tests focused on model validation. In fact, when defining the input model, you should always consider both the valid and, even more, the invalid models, . making sure that all the invalid models are rejected is a good approach for this scenario, and you can use to implement it gradually. BDD TDD Okay, but how can you validate that the models and model attributes you defined are correct? Let’s define a simple model: public class User
{
    [Required]
    [MinLength(3)]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [MinLength(3)]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [Range(18, 100)]
    public int Age { get; set; }
} Have we defined our model correctly? A well-written Unit Test suite is our best friend here! Are we covering all the edge cases? We have two choices: we can write Integration Tests to send requests to our system, which is running an in-memory server, and check the response we receive. Or we can class, the one used by ASP.NET to validate input models, to create slim and fast Unit Tests. Let’s use the second approach. use the internal Validator Here’s a utility method we can use in our tests: public static IList<ValidationResult> ValidateModel(object model)
{
    var results = new List<ValidationResult>();

    var validationContext = new ValidationContext(model, null, null);

    Validator.TryValidateObject(model, validationContext, results, true);

    if (model is IValidatableObject validatableModel)
       results.AddRange(validatableModel.Validate(validationContext));

    return results;
} In short, we create a without any external dependency, focused only on the input model: . validation context new ValidationContext(model, null, null) Next, we by calling and store the validation results in a list, . validate each field TryValidateObject result Finally, if the Model implements the interface, which exposes the method, we call that method and store the returned validation errors in the final list created before. IValidatableObject Validate Validate() result As you can see, we can handle both validations coming from attributes on the fields, such as , and custom validation defined in the model class’s method. [Required] Validate() Now, we can use this method to verify whether the validation passes and, in case it fails, which errors are returned: [Test]
public void User_ShouldPassValidation_WhenModelIsValid()
{
    var model = new User { FirstName = "Davide", LastName = "Bellone", Age = 32 };
    var validationResult = ModelValidationHelper.ValidateModel(mode);
    Assert.That(validationResult, Is.Empty);
}

[Test]
public void User_ShouldNotPassValidation_WhenLastNameIsEmpty()
{
    var model = new User { FirstName = "Davide", LastName = null, Age = 32 };
    var validationResult = ModelValidationHelper.ValidateModel(mode);
    Assert.That(validationResult, Is.Not.Empty);
}


[Test]
public void User_ShouldNotPassValidation_WhenAgeIsLessThan18()
{
    var model = new User { FirstName = "Davide", LastName = "Bellone", Age = 10 };
    var validationResult = ModelValidationHelper.ValidateModel(mode);
    Assert.That(validationResult, Is.Not.Empty);
} Further readings Model Validation allows you to create robust APIs. To improve robustness, you can follow : more Postel’s law 🔗 Postel’s law for API Robustness | Code4IT This article first appeared on Code4IT 🐧 Model validation, in my opinion, is one of the cases where Unit Tests are way better than Integration Tests. This is a perfect example of , the best (in most cases) way to structure a test suite: Testing Diamond 🔗 Testing Pyramid vs Testing Diamond (and how they affect Code Coverage) | Code4IT If you still prefer writing Integration Tests for this kind of operation, you can rely on the class and use it in your NUnit tests: WebApplicationFactory 🔗 Advanced Integration Tests for .NET 7 API with WebApplicationFactory and NUnit | Code4IT Wrapping up Model validation is crucial. Testing the correctness of model validation can make or break your application. Please don’t skip it! I hope you enjoyed this article! Let’s keep in touch on or ! 🤜🤛 Twitter LinkedIn Happy coding! 🐧 Also published . here

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