Avarniis in the Air Pollution Management Tech Industry

Avarni

Despite the woo-woo-seeming presentation of ideas in this and his most popular book , I think Napoleon Hill was onto something, even if it was expressed in a delulu way. Think and Grow Rich The following is the summary of the main concepts of a lesser-known Napoleon Hill book: . First things first - Hill didn’t think he was talking to the devil. He wrote it as a parable about human nature and how we sabotage ourselves. Outwitting the Devil actual What you’ll learn: What happens to the mind when it has no purpose? Mental habits and behaviors for success. How to use human nature to your advantage. The key concept of the book - drifting. Drifting refers to a state of mind that lacks aim or purpose - essentially going through the motions. 9 thought habits that lead to drifting: Fear Superstition Avarice Greed Lust Revenge Anger Vanity Laziness Success - drifter vs non-drifter In Hill’s terms, the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful person is a set of habits. If you’re not successful, it’s because you’re unwilling to train your mind. Drifting ≠ Success. Non-Drifting = Success. Successful people carefully choose the people they surround themselves with because we download the thought habits of the people we interact the most with. Drifter always complains that the world has run out of opportunity and there's nothing to do while the non-drifters will create opportunity no matter the circumstances. Non-drifters provide a service that's useful to as many people as possible; the attitude is to give before you get. How to protect yourself against drifting Value time as your greatest asset. Recognize that the emotion of fear is self-sabotage. Resist it. Decide what you want from life and create a plan to achieve it. Form the habit of being decisive. Don’t leave things unfinished. If temporarily defeated or failed, analyze it to extract the knowledge and advantage it has given you. Your thoughts guide your actions. Be wary of what/how you think. Human nature Hypnotic rhythm - the unconscious part of your mind that tends to solidify your habits and behaviors. These automated behaviours can be good or bad: brushing your teeth, compulsively checking social media, exercising, eating poorly etc. But hypnotic rhythm refers to thinking patterns, too. Do we ruminate or gossip? Are we grateful and forgiving? Do we look for opportunities or focus on what work? These mental habits usually form early on and then become solidified beliefs that produce the illusion that . doesn’t that’s what the world is How to stop drifting You need to develop: DEFINITENESS OF PURPOSE Definite aims, goals, and purpose. Have a plan for how you're gonna achieve them. Plans can change, but the definiteness of purpose doesn’t. If a plan fails don't be discouraged, devise a new plan. MASTERY OVER SELF Master your desire for 1) food 2) sex 3) desire to express loosely organised opinions. The person who talks less has the opportunity to learn more by listening to and observing others. Expressing loosely organized opinions is a destructive habit; don't give opinions unless you’re asked. CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE (ASSOCIATIONS) Your environment feeds your thought habits. We unconsciously adopt the habits of those we associate with closely. Association through romantic relationships has very strong powers because the minds are connected spiritually. TIME Time converts thought habits into outcomes and either penalizes or rewards you depending on them. Time allows human beings to cultivate wisdom, but wisdom only comes to non-drifters who proactively use their minds for positive thought habits. HARMONY Like attracts like - nature seeks things of a similar nature. Successful people 1) make sure to have harmony among their business associates 2) require their associates to have definiteness of purpose. CAUTION - THINKING THROUGH YOUR PLAN BEFORE YOU ACT Think first act second. A drifter reacts before thinking. Has a plan if things go wrong to avoid unnecessary stress. How the mind works, according to Hill We receive thoughts from the collective consciousness and the Infinite Intelligence (God, Universe, Consciousness - whatever it means to you). All negative desires are nothing but frustrations of positive desires. Thoughts tend to invoke similar thoughts so if you're thinking positively, more positive thoughts will come up and vice versa. The thoughts that we keep having become a part of the hypnotic rhythm law. That's why it's so important to choose your thoughts. Wrap up Would I recommend you read the book? Yes, if you’re not bothered by spiritual-speak. offers a deep dive into the psychology of success through a dialogue with the sabotaging part of ourselves. Outwitting the Devil Key takeaways: Have purpose and vision for your life and guide your actions accordingly. Master self-discipline, both through thought habits and curating the people/information you surround yourself with. Value your time and use it to your advantage by creating positive mental habits that compound over time and bring you ‘luck.’ Also published . here

A Key to Success: Defeat Drifting

Aspects of Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Bibliography

Welcome to the interesting universe of Crypto Trading 🤗! As the domain of digital currencies keeps on enamouring financial backers and dealers around the world, the rise of Crypto Trading has opened up plenty of chances. In this paper, we will dive into the idea of crypto subordinates exchanging, featuring its advantages and dangers. We energetically welcome you to investigate this powerful point and offer your significant bits of knowledge and remarks. What is Crypto Trading? Crypto Trading is a creative methodology that permits people to estimate the future value developments of digital forms of money. It includes the trading of monetary instruments, known as subsidiaries, which get their worth from hidden digital currencies. These subsidiaries come in different structures, including prospects contracts, choices agreements, and trades. Advantages of Crypto Trading: Upgraded Market Access: Crypto Tradingfurnishes people with more noteworthy availability to the digital currency market. It permits members to participate in exchanging exercises without the requirement for direct responsibility for, in this way, disposing of the hindrances of passage related to customary cryptographic money exchanging. Expanded Liquidity: By presenting subsidiaries, Crypto Trading upgrades market liquidity. It works with the consistent trading of agreements, guaranteeing productive value disclosure and lessening the effect of enormous orders available. Risk Moderation: Subordinates empower members to support their positions and oversee risk. Using fate agreements and choice contracts, brokers can safeguard themselves against unfriendly cost developments, establishing a safer exchanging climate. Utilized Exchanging: Crypto Trading offers the chance for utilized exchanging, permitting dealers to enhance their openness to cost developments. This element empowers people to possibly create better yields on their ventures, but with expanded risk. Dangers of Crypto Trading: Instability Intensification: While unpredictability can introduce rewarding open doors, it additionally enhances risk. Crypto Trading emphasizes the effect of cost vacillations, possibly prompting significant increases or misfortunes inside brief periods. Dealers should practice alertness and embrace risk in the board systems. Counterparty Chance: Participating in Crypto Trading includes counterparties, presenting the gamble of default or bankruptcy. It is critical to pick respectable and all-around managed stages to moderate counterparty chances and guarantee the security of your exchanging exercises. Administrative Vulnerability: The administrative scene encompassing digital currencies and subsidiaries is as yet developing. Changes in guidelines or the presentation of new regulations can essentially affect the crypto subordinates’ market and present vulnerabilities. Brokers ought to remain informed and adjust to advancing administrative necessities. Complex Instrumentation: Crypto Trading includes unpredictable monetary instruments. Figuring out the intricacies of subordinates, including valuing models and agreement particulars, requires a specific degree of information and mastery. Amateur brokers ought to find opportunities to teach themselves and look for direction prior to participating in exchanging exercises. As we finish up our investigation of the advantages and dangers of crypto trading, we welcome you to share your thoughts and experiences on this captivating subject. The universe of cryptographic forms of money and subordinates is continually advancing, introducing two amazing open doors and difficulties. By figuring out the expected advantages and being aware of the dangers, people can explore this powerful scene with certainty and pursue informed choices. Allow us to proceed to learn and fill together in this astonishing domain of money. Unquestionably! Here is some extra data on the advantages and dangers of Crypto Trading: More Advantages of Crypto Trading: Expansion: Crypto Trading permits financial backers to enhance their portfolios. By integrating subsidiaries into their exchanging methodologies, people can acquire openness to various digital currencies and market sections, spreading their gamble across different resources. Exchange Valuable open doors: The presentation of subsidiaries in the crypto market opens up exchange potential open doors. Dealers can take advantage of cost disparities between various trades or exchanging stages by while trading subsidiary agreements, expecting to benefit from the cost differentials. Market Effectiveness: The presence of subordinates upgrades market productivity by cultivating value straightforwardness and liquidity. It empowers the data stream and works with the incorporation of new market members, adding to a more hearty and mature crypto market generally. Theoretical Exchanging: Crypto Trading requests to merchants who look for speculative open doors. The influence and adaptability presented by subordinates make it conceivable to take part in transient exchanging methodologies, exploiting value developments and market patterns. More Dangers of Crypto Trading Edge Calls and Liquidation: Influence, while offering the potential for more significant yields, builds the gamble of edge calls and liquidation. If the market moves against a utilized position, merchants might be expected to give extra assets or hazard having their positions effectively shut, possibly bringing about critical misfortunes. Absence of Guidelines: The crypto trading market is moderately new and less managed compared with conventional monetary business sectors. This absence of guidelines opens merchants to expected chances, like market control, extortion, and insufficient financial backer assurance. Dealers need to lead an exhaustive reasonable level of investment and pick respectable stages. Specialized and Functional Dangers: Crypto Trading depends vigorously on innovation and exchange stages. Specialized misfires, framework disappointments, or digital assaults can upset exchanging exercises and result in monetary misfortunes. Brokers ought to consider the unwavering quality and safety efforts carried out by the stages they decide to moderate such dangers. Mental Difficulties: Participating in Crypto Trading can genuinely request. The high unpredictability and fast value developments can conjure dread, avarice, and indiscreet navigation. Dealers really should keep up with discipline, deal with their feelings, and stick to sound gambling the executives’ techniques. All in all, Crypto Trading offers a scope of advantages, including improved market access, expanded liquidity, risk relief, and utilized exchanging open doors. In any case, it is fundamental to know about the related dangers, like unpredictability enhancement, counterparty risk, administrative vulnerability, and the intricacies of subordinate instruments. By remaining informed, embracing risk-the-board systems, and ceaselessly learning, dealers can explore the crypto subordinates market all the more successfully and possibly exploit its chances. The Fate of Crypto Trading: Patterns and Developments The universe of digital Crypto trading has seen momentous development and advancement throughout the long term. As the market keeps on developing, recent fads and inventive advancements are moulding the future of Crypto Trading. In this article, we will investigate some of the thrilling patterns and developments that are supposed to change the scene of crypto trading in the next few years. Decentralized Trades (DEXs): Decentralized trades, or DEXs, have built up forward momentum lately. Dissimilar to conventional unified trades, DEXs work on blockchain networks, permitting clients to exchange digital currencies straightforwardly without requiring middlepeople. DEXs offer expanded protection, security, and command over reserves and are probably going to turn out to be more common as adaptability and client experience move along. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): Non-fungible tokens have overwhelmed the world, altering the idea of advanced proprietorship. NFTs address one-of-a-kind resources on the blockchain, like works of art, collectibles, and virtual land. The joining of NFTs into Crypto Trading opens up new roads for venture and hypothesis, permitting brokers to take part in business sectors past conventional digital currencies. Decentralized Money (DeFi): Decentralized Money, or DeFi, has arisen as a problematic power in the crypto business. DeFi applications influence blockchain innovation to give decentralized options in contrast to conventional monetary administrations, like loaning, getting, and yield cultivating. DeFi conventions empower clients to exchange and put resources in a permissionless and straightforward way, dispensing with the requirement for go-betweens. The development of DeFi is supposed to reclassify the manner in which we cooperate with monetary business sectors and set out new open doors for crypto dealers. Algorithmic Exchange: Algorithmic exchanging, fueled by man-made consciousness and AI, is acquiring notoriety in the crypto space. These high-level exchanging calculations break down immense measures of information, recognize designs, and execute exchanges naturally. Algorithmic exchanging improves productivity, decreases human predisposition, and empowers brokers to gain by transient cost developments. As innovation keeps on progressing, algorithmic exchanging is supposed to assume a more critical part in store for Crypto Trading. National Bank Advanced Monetary forms (CBDCs): A few nations are investigating the improvement of National Bank Computerized Monetary forms (CBDCs). CBDCs are advanced portrayals of government-issued types of money given and directed by national banks. The mix of CBDCs into Crypto Trading could overcome any barrier between conventional monetary frameworks and digital forms of money, possibly expanding the reception and acknowledgment of advanced resources. Improved safety efforts: As the crypto market keeps on developing, there is a developing emphasis on reinforcing safety efforts. Advancements, for example, multifaceted validation, equipment wallets, and biometric confirmation, are being carried out to improve the security of assets and client information. Moreover, progressions in blockchain innovation, for example, layer 2 scaling arrangements and further developed agreement components, are expected to address security weaknesses and upgrade the general versatility of the crypto trading environment. The future of Crypto Trading is overflowing with invigorating potential outcomes. Decentralized trades, NFTs, DeFi, algorithmic exchanging, CBDCs, and upgraded safety efforts are only a couple of the patterns and developments molding the scene. As innovation proceeds to progress and guidelines mature, Crypto Trading is ready to turn out to be more open, secure, and coordinated with conventional monetary frameworks. By remaining informed and embracing these patterns, dealers can situate themselves at the very front of the advancing crypto market, opening new doors and potential for development.

Investigating the Advantages and Dangers of Crypto Trading

Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Our Patent Law. here Our Patent Law. To the Editor of the Scientific American: While I cannot handle this subject with any master talent, nor afford to devote the time which should be given to so important a subject before expressing an opinion, yet I can less afford to keep quiet and allow shrewd avarice to manipulate or titled ignorance to legislate my property out of existence. "Property! There is no property in patents," I often hear said. And how about the invention covered by a patent? Is that property? A large majority of people may say no, and deny the justice of a patent law. On the contrary, I, as an inventor, think an invention is genuine property, and as such should be under the same protection in common law as all other property, instead of requiring a special law by which the people magnanimously grant me the privilege for a short time of using what was never theirs, what they never knew of until I brought it into existence. But what is real property, and by what title is it held? Mother earth, from which we sprung, by which we exist, and to which we return, is, without question, real estate. How is it obtained; how held? History answers, By conquest, by subjugation. But these words, conquest and subjugation, have a more significant meaning than the spoiling of one people by another; they are the actual price of possession. He who, toiling, subjugates the soil, is undoubted owner of its production, by virtue of the highest blessing on record—"By the sweat of thy brow shalt thou obtain bread." And this principle is so far acknowledged that the laborer holds a lien on the product of his labor, even though the property belongs to another. Mr. A has an unpromising piece of land on which he would like to raise corn. He analyzes the soil, experiments upon it chemically, reads up on the properties and components of corn, the effects of fertilizers and acids upon the soil, and makes himself a fool and laughing-stock generally among his neighbors because he steps out of the beaten track by which they have succeeded in making the ground barren. He does not have much success the first year, and is sympathizingly consoled with "I told you so." But he perseveres and wins the reputation of being "visionary" and "as stubborn as a mule." In the meantime he becomes more familiar with his subject, sees more clearly the requirements of the case, finds he must post himself more thoroughly in certain branches of science in order to conduct his experiments, wrestles with this obstacle and that, and finally discovers a fertilizer based on some natural law of rotation, and produces a crop of corn never before equaled. Now his neighbors come out with this very intelligent question, "How did you happen to think of it?" And they further very condescendingly remark, "That is a rousing crop; I guess I'll try the same thing myself. How did you say you mixed the stuff?" This man is the true conqueror. He has endured privation and scorn, fought obstacles, and in subduing them has eliminated a new principle in agriculture that is an engine of power to all generations. Shall his crops be his only reward? Shall they who laughed him to scorn step into his reward without sharing the labor that produced it? This is a simile for thousands of inventions, only that the inventor is seldom situated to plant the corn on his own land and reap the harvest. Then which of you will say that he has not a just lien on every man's crop raised by his process for a per cent of the gains thereby? There is a bill before Congress favoring a periodical taxation of patents under the pretext of removing useless patents from the path of later inventors. Let me show you how one inventor looks at that. My neighbor has a vacant lot on which he is unable to build; but joined to mine it would increase the value of my property vastly. Now can't you legislate that old heap of rubbish into my possession somehow? Of course he is waiting for the rise of property around him to sell his lot well; but can't you make that appear unnatural, and that he is a dog in the manger? It is also said that sharpers get control of old patents and lay an embargo on legitimate business. I reply, first, no one could be damaged by the owner of a patent unless he infringed that owner's right; second, if he does infringe, it shows that said patent is valuable, otherwise he need not infringe; and if valuable why should not he pay for it? Mr. B, in the employ of Mr. C, watches the machine he uses, and spends his leisure hours in working out an improvement, which he patents and offers to C for sale; but as the invention is useless except as attached to C's machine, he thinks B can't help himself, and adopts the improvement without paying for it. When a few years have built up a great industry, and C is rich from his spoils, B steps in with a few friends at his back, incorporated especially to make C shell out. Of course this is bad and ought to be legislated against. If it were not valuable C need not use it. It is not becoming to the Congress of a great nation to spend its time in legislating worthless patents out of existence. All such will die a natural death. And if there is sufficient worth in any patent to claim your consideration, the inventor is entitled to its price, whether he waits four years or fifteen for his pay. I speak of myself, not as an individual, but as representing in this letter a class, without whose achievements America, in her proud length and breadth, could not to-day have been. For the last half of my past life, over twenty years, I have been an inventor. Schooled in adversity, accustomed to disappointment, sometimes successful, enjoying no luxuries but the conquest of obstacles, and often forced to simple pursuits to keep the pot boiling, yet I expect to spend the rest of my life inventing, feeling strong in the school of experience, and hoping for such prosperity as will enable me to work out some of the larger problems in view. If those in power would really aid the inventor, let them increase his facilities for information. Circulate the Patent Office at one dollar a year, a nominal subscription to insure readers, and pay the balance out of the Patent Office surplus now accumulated. This both to educate and to save inventors from going over old ground, bringing more talent up to the standard of to-day. Lessen rather than increase Patent Office fees. Enable the Commissioner to give the strictest possible examination on every application for a patent, that when issued it shall bear a value, by retaining the most competent examiners at a salary adequate to keep them. Reduce the cumbrous machinery of patent litigation to about this text, in two headings: First, Is plaintiff the first inventor? Allow one month to find that out. If not disproved in that time, allow it. Second, Does defendant infringe? Allow one month to decide that. If not proven, discharge the case, with cost to plaintiff. If proved, cost and damage to be settled by defendant in thirty days. Gazette bona fide bona fide The ability of wealthy corporations to absorb with impunity the product of all talent within their reach, and put off the day of reckoning until plaintiff is swallowed in cost, is the greatest present discouragement to inventors. Our patent law is now better than any amendment yet proposed will leave it. If you must tinker over it, remember all laws are for protection of the weak. The bulldog does not need law to take the bone from the spaniel. Just in proportion as you damage the patent law, you destroy the accomplishments and purpose of my life. Therefore I have spoken; so could a thousand more. W. X. STEVENS. East Brookfield, Mass. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2013). Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19406/pg19406-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Our Patent Law

Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ON THE ADULTERATION OF SOAP. here ON THE ADULTERATION OF SOAP. By Dr. H. BRACKEBUSCH. The importance of soap as an indispensable article in the household has not restrained the adulterators from making it a favorite object of their operations, and at the present day soap is only very rarely what it should be, the alkaline salt of a fatty acid with about 15 per cent. of water, which may be increased in case of soft soaps to 30 per cent. at most. The amount of moisture is an immediate signal for adulteration. Of all substances that can be used to adulterate soap, water is of course the cheapest, and as it is also harmless, this was the first point where manufacturers made use of their knowledge. The percentage of water was raised to 26 or 28 per cent., and now nearly all the ordinary soaps contain that amount when they leave the factory. At first the retailers objected to this method, because they had to suffer the loss so far as it dried out and lost weight in the store. The next point was to find some substance that would prevent this rapid drying, and it was very soon discovered that those soaps that contained an excess of lye retained moisture longer. Henceforth it was only necessary to use lyes of extra strength so as to obtain a large yield of soap containing an excess of water. The results of this ingenious method are before us; in the shops of the soap dealers the bars of soap become coated with a crust of white crystals, which is nothing but soda. If a few drops of corrosive sublimate be dropped on these crystals, a red spot will at once be produced by the formation of mercuric oxide. In addition to the deception of the public who buy such soaps, this alkali destroys clothes washed with it, as the fiber of the tissues is directly attacked by it, while the proper action of the soap depends on its enveloping the particles of dirt and carrying them off. Soap is subject to another kind of adulteration called filling, or weighting. Soapstone and similar mineral substances are added to the finished soap to increase its weight. But it may be added that this fraudulent weighting is rare. Large establishments cannot take the risk of being detected in such avaricious practices, and small ones scarcely have the apparatus at their disposal for making a uniform mixture which will not arouse suspicion. Now soaps are frequently found in the market that scarcely deserve this name. Mineral soap, cold water soap, etc., are the names inscribed on the placards behind which is buried a preparation consisting for the greater part of water-glass. The well-known water-glass is a silicate of soda or potash dissolved in free or caustic soda, or potash. There was a time when it excited great hopes, and its introduction into the household for washing was dreamed of, but it was soon found that its caustic properties made their appearance at a relatively low temperature. Hence we often find the notice, "TO BE USED COLD," printed in bold letters on the wrappers. This product is obtained by thickening water-glass with stearine, oleine, or any other easily saponifiable fat. As it takes but very little of the substances named to make an article closely resembling soap, of course the product is very cheap. There does not seem to be any limit to the amount of water in it; at least the author found in one kind of mineral soap from Berlin 58 per cent. of water. Water-glass soaps do not dissolve readily in water, they make but little suds, and render the skin hard and unpliable. Admitting that they are suitable for many purposes, nothing can be said against their sale so long as they appear under names which preclude their being confounded with other soaps. Nevertheless, there is always this danger--that water-glass may come into general use in making soap, and this is to be deplored. Water-glass soaps are easily recognized by their insolubility in moderately strong alcohol, the water-glass remaining behind in a gelatinous form. Great deception has been practiced under such names as "almond soap," etc. Fortunately the difference between various kinds of fat are not very great from a chemical point of view, although it is always an unpleasant thought that the fat from animals that have died may return to the house in the form of soap. A white or yellow soap having a good smell is not made from bad fat, and hence is more appetizing. A method formerly much in use consisted in mixing green soap with starch paste, a mixture that could not be detected by the naked eye, especially if colored with caramel. On attempting to dissolve it in ordinary burning alcohol, a white coagulum forms. From the foregoing it is sufficiently evident that those who buy soap to sell again have every reason to keep a sharp lookout on those who furnish them with soap.-- Polyt. Notiz. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2005). Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8742/pg8742-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ON THE ADULTERATION OF SOAP

Idris stirred and awoke; alas! she awoke to misery.

A moral tempest had wrecked our richly freighted vessel

Common Sense Applied to Religion; Or, The Bible and the People by Catharine Esther Beecher, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . WRONG ACTION OF MIND, AND ITS RESULTS IN THIS LIFE. here CHAPTER XXVI. WRONG ACTION OF MIND, AND ITS RESULTS IN THIS LIFE. We have examined into the causes of the wrong action of mind, and have found them to consist in the want of knowledge, want of habits, want of social influences from other minds, and want of a right governing purpose, all of which, so far as reason and experience teach, alone could be secured by perfect and infallible teachers and educators in a perfect commonwealth. We are now to inquire in regard to the wrong action of mind and its results in this life. The first point to be noticed is the fact that from the first there is in every intelligent mind to obey the laws of the system in which it is placed. a sense of entire inability This is true not merely in reference to that breach of law which is the inevitable result of ignorance, but of that also which involves a violation of conscience. Where is the mother who has not heard the distressed confession, even from the weeping infant, that he was happier in doing right than in doing wrong, that he wished to do well, and yet that he was constantly doing evil? Where is the parent that has not witnessed, as one little being after another passed on from infancy to youth, and from youth to manhood, the perpetual warfare to sustain good purposes and oft-broken resolutions? And where is the conscious spirit that can not look back on its whole course of existence as one continued exhibition of a conflict that gives unvarying evidence of this truth? Men that it is as impossible for them to be invariably in thought, word, and deed, as it is to rule the winds and waves. feel perfect The testimony of mankind through every period of the world, in regard to their own individual consciousness, attests a sense of the same fatal inability. If we go back even as far as to the heathen sages of antiquity, we gain the same acknowledgment. Thus we find Pythagoras calls it "the fatal companion, the noxious strife that lurks within us, and which was born along with us." Sopator terms it "the sin that is born with mankind." Plato denominates it "natural wickedness," and Aristotle "the natural repugnance of man's temper to reason." Cicero declares that "men are brought into life by Nature as a step-mother, with a naked, frail, and infirm body, and with a soul prone to divers lusts." Seneca observes, "We are born in such a condition that we are not subject to fewer disorders of the mind than of the body; all vices are in men, though they do not break out in every one." Propertius says that "every body has a vice to which he is inclined by nature." Juvenal asserts that "nature, unchangeably fixed, runs back to wickedness." Horace declares that "no man is free from vices, and he is the best man who is oppressed with the least." He adds that "mankind rush into wickedness, and always desire what is forbidden;" that "youth has the softness of wax to receive vicious impressions, and the hardness of rock to resist virtuous admonitions;" that "we are mad enough to attack Heaven itself, and our repeated crimes do not suffer the God of Heaven to lay aside his wrathful thunderbolts." This testimony of individual experience is verified by the general history of mankind. All the laws and institutions of society are founded on the principle that mankind are prone to wrong, infirm of purpose in all that is good, and that every possible restraint is needed to prevent the overbreaking tide of evil and crime. When we read the history of communities and of nations, it is one continued record of selfishness, avarice, injustice, revenge, and cruelty. Individuals seem equally plotting against the happiness of individuals, and rejoicing to work evils on society. Communities rise against communities, and nations dash against nations. Tyrants fill their dominions with sorrow, misery, and death; bloody heroes, followed by infuriate bands, spread havoc, ruin, and dismay through all their course, while superstition binds in chains, racks with tortures, and sacrifices its millions of victims. In tracing along the history of mankind, there is no period which we can select when mankind have not seemed as busy in destroying their own, and the happiness of others, as the lower animals are in seeking their appropriate enjoyments. At one time we behold Xerxes pouring forth all Asia upon Europe, where three million beings were brought to be slaughtered by the Greeks. At another time the Greeks, headed by Alexander, return upon Asia, and spread over most of the known world, pillaging, burning, and slaughtering. Then we behold Alaric, at the head of barbarous hordes, desolating all the Roman empire, and destroying the monuments of taste, science, and the arts. Then we see Tamerlane rushing forth, overrunning Persia, India, and other parts of Asia, carrying carnage and the most desolating cruelty in his course, so that it is recorded that he would cause thousands of his prisoners to be pounded in mortars with bricks to form into walls. From Europe we behold of Crusaders rush forth upon the plains of Asia, with rapine, and famine, and outrage attending their course. Then come forth from Eastern Asia the myrmidons of Genghis Khan, ravaging fifteen millions of square miles, beheading 100,000 prisoners at one time, shaking the whole earth with terror, and exterminating fourteen millions of their fellow-men. Then from the northern forests are seen swarming forth the Goths and Vandals, sweeping over Europe and Asia, and bearing away every vestige of arts, civilization, comfort, and peace. At another time we see the professed head of the Christian Church slaughtering the pious and inoffensive Albigenses, sending horror into their peaceful villages, and torturing thousands of inoffensive victims. six millions At one period of history the whole known world seemed to be one vast field of carnage and commotion. The Huns, Vandals, and other Northern barbarians were ravaging France, Germany, and Spain; the Goths were plundering and murdering in Italy, and the Saxons and Angles were overrunning Great Britain. The Roman armies under Justinian, together with the Vandals and Huns, were desolating Africa; the barbarians of Scythia were pouring down upon the Roman empire; the Persian armies were pillaging and laying waste the countries of Asia; the Arabians, under Mohammed, were beginning to extend their conquests over Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Barbary, and Spain. Every nation and kingdom on earth was shaking to its centre. The smoke and the spirits of the bottomless pit seemed coming up to darken, and torment, and affright mankind. The most fertile countries were converted to deserts, and covered with ruins of once flourishing cities and villages; the most fiendish cruelty was practiced; famine raged to such a degree that the living fed upon the dead; prisoners were tortured by the most refined systems of cruelty; public edifices were destroyed; the monuments of science and the arts perished; cruelty, fraud, avarice, murder, and every crime that disgraces humanity, were let loose upon a wretched world. Historians seem to shudder in attempting to picture these horrid scenes, and would draw a veil over transactions that disgrace mankind. If from ancient times we look at the present state of the world, at its present most refined and enlightened period, the same mournful evidence is discovered. Cruelty and tyranny have changed some of the fairest provinces of Persia to deserts. The Turk long ago turned the land of the patriarchs and prophets to a wilderness, and drenched the shores of Greece with the blood of slaughtered victims, while Syria, Kurdistan, and Armenia for ages have been ravaged with injustice and rapine. China and Japan have been shut out from the world by a cold and jealous selfishness. In Tartary, Arabia, and Siberia, the barbarous tribes are prowling about for plunder, or engaged in murderous conflicts. In Africa, the Barbary States are in perpetual commotion; the petty tyrants of Benin, Ashantee, and other interior states are waging ceaseless wars, murdering their prisoners, and adorning their houses with their skulls; and on its ravaged coast the white man-stealer, for hundreds of years, has been prowling, and bearing off thousands of wretches as a yearly offering to the avarice of the most refined and Christian nations on earth. In North America, we have seen the native tribes employed in war, and practicing the most fiendish barbarities, while in South America, its more civilized inhabitants are engaged in constant political and bloody commotions. In the islands of the ocean thousands of human beings have been fighting each other, throwing darts and stones at strangers, offering human sacrifices, and feasting on the flesh of their enemies. If we select Europe for the exhibition of human nature as seen under the restraints of civilization, laws, refinement, and religion, the same evils burst forth from bonds and restraints. In Europe, for ages, the common people, in slavery and ignorance, have been bowing down to a grinding priesthood, or an oppressive nobility or monarchical tyranny. Incessant heaving of the troubled nations portends desolation and dismay, as man seems waking from the slavery of ages to shake off his fetters and call himself free. If we look to our own boasted land of liberty and religion, what toiling of selfish and discordant interests—what mean and low-lived arts to gain honor and power—what shameful attacks on fair reputation and unblemished honor—what collisions of party-strifes and local interests! Here also the curse of slavery brings the blush of shame to every honest man that, from year to year, on the anniversary of the national liberty, hears the declarations of rights this very nation is trampling under foot. Millions of slaves, deprived of the best blessing and the dearest rights of humanity, are held in the most degrading bondage by a nation who yearly and publicly acknowledge their perfect and unalienable rights. The same melancholy view is no less clearly witnessed in the opinions and moral sentiments of mankind. The mind of man is formed to love happiness, to be pleased with what promotes it, and to detest that which tends to destroy it, yet the long reign of selfishness has seemed to pervert and poison even the taste and moral sentiments of men. Who is the hero sung by the poet, eulogized by the statesman, and flattered by the orator? Who is it presented in classic language to the gaze of enthusiastic childhood, and pictured forth in tales of romance to kindling youth? It is the man who has given up his life to the gratification of pride, and the love of honor and fame; the man who, to gain this selfish good, can plunge the sword into the bosom of thousands, and stand the unpitying spectator of burning cities, widowed mothers, orphan children, desolated fields, and the long train of ills that he wantonly pours on mankind, that he may gain the miserable pittance of gaping admiration and dreadful renown which rises amid the tears and cries of mankind. It is the man who, when injured, knows not how to forgive—whose stinted soul never knew the dignity and pleasure of giving blessing for ill—who deems it the mark of honor and manhood to follow the example of the whining infant, that, when he is struck, with the same noble spirit will strike back again. Meantime, the calm forbearance and true dignity of virtue, that would be humbled at recrimination and can not condescend to retaliate, is put in the background as unworthy such honors and eulogy. Thus, also, we find intellect, which the Creator designed only as the instrument of securing happiness, though perverted to vice and folly, applauded and admired; and even some of those admired as among the wisest of mankind have often placed true virtue and goodness below the fancied splendors of genius and learning. All the maxims, and honors, and employments of mankind develop the perverted action of the noblest part of the creation of God in all its relations and in all its principles and pursuits. It is into such a world as this that every new-born mind is ushered without knowledge to guide, without habits to strengthen, without the power of forming a ruling purpose to do right which shall control all subordinate volitions. Instead of meeting perfect educators to instruct in the laws of the system, to form good habits, and to exert all the powerful social, domestic, and civil influences aright, every one of these powerful principles are fatally wrong. Parents, teachers, companions, and rulers, to a greater or less extent, teach wrong, train wrong, and set wrong examples, while the whole moral atmosphere is contaminated and paralyzing. In these circumstances, it is as for a young mind to commence existence here with perfect obedience to law, and to continue through life in a course of perfect rectitude, as it is for it, by its feeble will, to regulate the winds of heaven, or turn back the tides of the ocean. impossible About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Catharine Esther Beecher (2017). Common Sense Applied to Religion; Or, The Bible and the People. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/55531/pg55531-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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