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Created the Arweave protocol: the first truly permanent information storage network

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How to Avoid Consumer Lock-in with The Decentralised Web

’s published over 1 billion words, and now all those words and stories are backed up on . This ensures that HackerNoon and it’s contributing writers will have Web3 backups for all their stories :-) HackerNoon Arweave How do these Web3 Backups work? The moment a HackerNoon story is published, it also gets backed up on Arweave. What does that mean? It means, HackerNoon stories will live even if HackerNoon dies. A version of trust but verify, as in, I believe HackerNoon will outlive me, but why not backup all the content on a public ledger just in case? Note: to date, via , contributors can also of their stories. writer dashboard download JSON, PDF, and audio versions In order to focus on just the story content, we built a lite version of our site, ignoring the bells and whistles (like emoji reactions, related stories, etc). The lite version of our site can be accessed via this tiny green earth lightning bolt above the upper right of the featured image on any story with the hover text of “ ”: Read this story w/o Javascript The lite version of our site is about 40% smaller than our primary site size, so it also has viable use cases in slow internet regions too. A publishing platform’s ability to distribute is a function of it’s accessibility. We automatically turn our text stories into , , , printer view, and now, a cryptographic text backup via digital signature on Arweave. I think making our content more accessible and relatable to Web3 infrastructures will open HackerNoon up to Web3 readership. We’ve , and by integrating the HackerNoon CMS with more Web3 technologies we are set up to publish many more. audio story files multi-lingual translations terminal view published 10k+ Web3 Stories to date How do Web3 Backups work for readers and writers? At the bottom of all published HackerNoon stories, in the section that shows you all the sites that feature this story, you’ll notice a “Permanent on Arweave” button. When you click that button you’ll be directed to a URL that looks something like this: https://sv4jyh6mm6mncaaeh4rfwnr4k3t3c6c6jt6iqemtye2u3v2gnbrq.arweave.net/lXicH8xnmNEABD8iWzY8VuexeF5M_IgRk8E1TddGaGM This URL consists of 3 parts: lXicH8xnmNEABD8iWzY8VuexeF5M_IgRk8E1TddGaGM - the TxHash arweave.net - indicating that domain name where the content is accessible via web browsers sv4jyh6mm6mncaaeh4rfwnr4k3t3c6c6jt6iqemtye2u3v2gnbrq - a random string derived from the TxHash All content pieces from HackerNoon are currently submitted via . In the future, this could become the individual contributors’ wallet signature. You can see the total number of HackerNoon stories engraved on Arweave: this wallet address In the unlikely event that HackerNoon is not accessible in your region, you could simply visit and start reading HackerNoon by clicking on any of the hashes! this wallet address For writers, each individual will also feature a Viewblock link to the story on  Arweave. story stats page . We are unlike social media systems - where anyone can publish anything - which I think makes us perspicacious in determining what text deserves long-term readership. These Arweave backups are an indelible proof that the story was submitted by @username and published on HackerNoon And that’s how we do it! HackerNoon’s dedicated to amplifying the publish button. We entrusted text backups to Google Cloud Platform (still do!), and now, they are also entrusted to Arweave. This diversification to our backup systems is a testament to where the internet is headed. I think more curation and distribution will be built off public ledgers than it is today. Read more about . Arweave Forward Research’s Investment in HackerNoon In the comments below, let us know what you think of these integrations and what other Web3 integrations you’d like to see us roll out.

Web3 Backups: All HackerNoon Stories Now Republish on Arweave

Copias de seguridad de Web3: todas las historias de HackerNoon ahora se vuelven a publicar en Arweave

Sauvegardes Web3 : toutes les histoires de HackerNoon sont désormais republiées sur Arweave

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Web3 バックアップ: すべての HackerNoon ストーリーが Arweave で再公開されるようになりました

Backups da Web3: todas as histórias do HackerNoon agora são republicadas no Arweave

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Web3 备份：所有 HackerNoon 故事现在在 Arweave 上重新发布

In this article, I will be showing you how to create a Dapp that allows us to store data on the Arweave network, using bundlr on testnet. Before going forward, let’s see what are we going to build today. https://www.loom.com/share/808aff5aa5d84ead93c106cfb96ff05f?t=70 Here is the deployed link if you want to try it out: https://bundlr-arweave.netlify.app/ Tech Stack and Libraries I’ve Used: Nextjs Chakra UI RainbowKit Wagmi Bundlr Client Well, Well, Let’s Go Through What Is Arweave and Bundlr First (From the Doc). If you enjoy videos like me, here is a video for you: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQbwiiXMtMo Arweave Arweave makes information permanence sustainable. Arweave is a new type of storage that backs data with sustainable and perpetual endowments, allowing users and developers to truly store data forever — for the very first time. Bundlr Bundlr makes web3 data storage on Arweave accessible by making it as fast, easy, and reliable as traditional data storage. Arweave is the only truly decentralized, permanent data storage solution. Bundlr increases the number of transactions conducted on Arweave by 4,000% without sacrificing security or usability and is around ~3,000x faster at uploading data. Bundlr currently accounts for over 90% of data uploaded to Arweave. It enables infinite scalability and enables instant and guaranteed transaction finality. It is a multichain solution and is compatible with leading blockchains including Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche, Polygon, and many more. Steps We Have to Follow to Upload to Arweave using Bundlr Connect wallet Initialize the Bundlr client Add funds ($BNDLR tokens) Upload the files we will be bulding this app on polygon mumbai testnet. Bundlr has a devnet which allows you to use devnet/testnet cryptocurrency networks to pay for storage. The devnet node behaves exactly as a mainnet node - other than data is never moved to Arweave and will be cleared from Bundlr after a week. Note: Let's Get Building Keep the completed code open on the side for a better understanding . Github 1. Setting up the project Setup a Nextjs project with tailwind CSS and Chakra UIYou can use package to get done with setup quickly or just clone this Also, install these two dependencies create-web3-frontend . project repo yarn add @bundlr-network/client bignumber.js 2. Connect wallet As we are using Rainbow kit this step is very easy in index.tsx const Home: NextPage = () => {
  const { data } = useAccount();
  if (!data) {
    return (
      <div className='justify-center items-center h-screen flex '>
        <VStack gap={8}>
          <Text className='text-4xl font-bold'>
            Connect your wallet first
          </Text>
          <ConnectButton />
        </VStack>
      </div>
    )
  }

  if (activeChain && activeChain.id !== chainId.polygonMumbai) {
    return (
      <div className='justify-center items-center h-screen flex '>
        <VStack gap={8}>
          <Text className='text-4xl font-bold'>
            Opps, wrong network!! Switch to Polygon Mumbai Testnet
          </Text>
          <ConnectButton />
        </VStack>
      </div>
    )
  }
} And with these 5–6 lines of code, we are done with connecting the wallet 🎉 We have also added a condition to check if a user is on the Mumbai test, as we will be using polygon Mumbai testnet for this article. In while configuring Rainbow kit we have configures it for using polygon Mumbai testnet _app.jsx const { chains, provider } = configureChains(
  [chain.polygonMumbai],
  [
    jsonRpcProvider({ rpc: () => ({ http: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_ALCHEMY_RPC_URL }) }),
    publicProvider(),
  ]
); So, Rainbow kit will also take care of changing the network for us, this is how this warning will look like 3. Initializing the Bundlr Let’s create a context for bundlr, so we can maintain all bundlr related logic form there. Create . Inside this file let's create the context now, you can see the completed version of the file bundlr.context.tsx here import { WebBundlr } from '@bundlr-network/client';
import { useToast } from '@chakra-ui/react';
import BigNumber from 'bignumber.js';
import { providers, utils } from 'ethers';
import React, { createContext, useContext, useEffect, useState } from 'react'

const BundlrContext = createContext<IBundlrHook>({
    initialiseBundlr: async () => { },
    fundWallet: (_: number) => { },
    balance: '',
    uploadFile: async (_file) => { },
    bundlrInstance: null
});

const BundlrContextProvider = ({ children }: any): JSX.Element => {
    const toast = useToast()
    const [bundlrInstance, setBundlrInstance] = useState<WebBundlr>();
    const [balance, setBalance] = useState<string>('');

    useEffect(() => {
        if (bundlrInstance) {
            fetchBalance();
        }
    }, [bundlrInstance])

    const initialiseBundlr = async () => {
        const provider = new providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum as any);
        await provider._ready();
        const bundlr = new WebBundlr(
            "https://devnet.bundlr.network",
            "matic",
            provider,
            {
                providerUrl:
                    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_ALCHEMY_RPC_URL,
            }
        );
        await bundlr.ready();
        setBundlrInstance(bundlr);
    }

    async function fundWallet(amount: number) {
        try {
            if (bundlrInstance) {
                if (!amount) return
                const amountParsed = parseInput(amount)
                if (amountParsed) {
                    toast({
                        title: "Adding funds please wait",
                        status: "loading"
                    })
                    let response = await bundlrInstance.fund(amountParsed)
                    console.log('Wallet funded: ', response)
                    toast({
                        title: "Funds added",
                        status: "success"
                    })
                }
                fetchBalance()
            }
        } catch (error) {
            console.log("error", error);
            toast({
                title: error.message || "Something went wrong!",
                status: "error"
            })
        }
    }

    function parseInput(input: number) {
        const conv = new BigNumber(input).multipliedBy(bundlrInstance!.currencyConfig.base[1])
        if (conv.isLessThan(1)) {
            console.log('error: value too small')
            toast({
                title: "Error: value too small",
                status: "error"
            })
            return
        } else {
            return conv
        }
    }

    async function fetchBalance() {
        if (bundlrInstance) {
            const bal = await bundlrInstance.getLoadedBalance();
            console.log("bal: ", utils.formatEther(bal.toString()));
            setBalance(utils.formatEther(bal.toString()));
        }
    }

    async function uploadFile(file) {
        try {
            let tx = await bundlrInstance.uploader.upload(file, [{ name: "Content-Type", value: "image/png" }])
            return tx;
        } catch (error) {
            toast({
                title: error.message || "Something went wrong!",
                status: "error"
            })
        }
    }

    return (
        <BundlrContext.Provider value={{ initialiseBundlr, fundWallet, balance, uploadFile, bundlrInstance }}>
            {children}
        </BundlrContext.Provider>
    )
}

export default BundlrContextProvider;

export const useBundler = () => {
    return useContext(BundlrContext);
} For initializing the Bundlr we will be using the method from the code above initialiseBundlr and the code is also pretty straightforward const bundlr = new WebBundlr(
            "https://devnet.bundlr.network",
            "matic",
            provider,
            {
                providerUrl:
                    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_ALCHEMY_RPC_URL,
            }
        );
        await bundlr.ready();
        setBundlrInstance(bundlr); We are creating an instance of the Bundlr client and storing it in a state variable. Read more about For using Bundlr with testnet . bundlr client read here In order to use the devnet, you need to use as the node and set the provider url to a correct testnet/devnet RPC endpoint for the given chain. https://devnet.bundlr.network Our, RPC URL will look something like this, as we will be using polygon testnet NEXT_PUBLIC_ALCHEMY_RPC_URL=https://polygon-mumbai.g.alchemy.com/v2/{{alchemy_project_id}} Read, about all the supported . currencies/ networks by bundlr here 4. Add funds ($BNDLR tokens) 💸 We already have data about our in the bundlr context, and we also have a method which we will be using to add the funds. Adding funds is also pretty straightforward, just use the method on the bundlrInstance and pass the amount you want to fund the wallet with balance fundWallet fund let response = await bundlrInstance.fund(amountParsed) In , make these changes index.tsx const Home: NextPage = () => {
    const { initialiseBundlr, bundlrInstance, balance } = useBundler();
    ...

    // at last
    if (!balance || Number(balance) <= 0) {
        return (
          <div className='justify-center items-center h-screen flex '>
            <VStack gap={8}>
              <ConnectButton />
              <Text className='text-4xl font-bold'>
                Opps, out of funds!, let's add some
              </Text>
              <FundWallet />
            </VStack>
          </div>
        )
      }
} Now let’s create the component. Create <FundWallet /> components/FundWallet.tsx import React from 'react'
import { Button, NumberDecrementStepper, NumberIncrementStepper, NumberInput, NumberInputField, NumberInputStepper, Text, VStack } from '@chakra-ui/react'
import { useBundler } from '@/state/bundlr.context';

const FundWallet = () => {
    const { fundWallet, balance } = useBundler();
    const [value, setValue] = React.useState('0.02')

    return (
        <div className='mt-12'>
            <VStack gap={6}>
                <Text fontSize={'xl'}>
                    Your current balace is: {balance || 0} $BNDLR
                </Text>
                <NumberInput className='mx-auto' step={0.01} defaultValue={value}
                    onChange={(valueString) => setValue(valueString)}
                >
                    <NumberInputField />
                    <NumberInputStepper >
                        <NumberIncrementStepper />
                        <NumberDecrementStepper />
                    </NumberInputStepper>
                </NumberInput>

                <Button onClick={() => fundWallet(+value)}>💸 Add Fund</Button>
            </VStack>
        </div>
    )
}

export default FundWallet 5. Upload images 📷 Now, as we’ve already added the funds, now we can upload the images (or any other files), to the Arweave network. In , add the following code at the end of the file index.tsx return (
    <div className='justify-center items-center h-screen flex'>
      <Stack direction={['column', 'row']} justifyContent={'space-around'} width={'full'} alignItems={'center'}>
        <VStack gap={8}>
          <ConnectButton />
          <FundWallet />
        </VStack>
        <VStack gap={8}>
          <Text fontSize={'4xl'}>
            Select Image To Upload
          </Text>
          <UploadImage />
        </VStack>
      </Stack>
    </div>
  ); Now, let’s create the component <UploadImage /> import React from 'react'
import { Box, Button, Text } from '@chakra-ui/react';
import { useBundler } from '@/state/bundlr.context';
import { useRef, useState } from 'react';

const UploadImage = () => {
    const { uploadFile } = useBundler();
    const [URI, setURI] = useState('')
    const [file, setFile] = useState<Buffer>()
    const [image, setImage] = useState('')
    const hiddenFileInput = useRef(null);

    function onFileChange(e: any) {
        const file = e.target.files[0]
        if (file) {
            const image = URL.createObjectURL(file)
            setImage(image)
            let reader = new FileReader()
            reader.onload = function () {
                if (reader.result) {
                    setFile(Buffer.from(reader.result as any))
                }
            }
            reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
        }
    }

    const handleClick = event => {
        hiddenFileInput.current.click();
    };

    const handleUpload = async () => {
        const res = await uploadFile(file);
        setURI(`http://arweave.net/${res.data.id}`)
    }

    return (
        <div className='flex flex-col mt-20 justify-center items-center w-full'>
            <Button onClick={handleClick} className='mb-4'>
                {image ? 'Change Selection' : 'Select Image'}
            </Button>
            <input
                accept="image/png, image/gif, image/jpeg"
                type="file"
                ref={hiddenFileInput}
                onChange={onFileChange}
                style={{ display: 'none' }}
            />

            {
                image &&
                <Box
                    display='flex'
                    alignItems='center'
                    justifyContent='center'
                    width='100%'
                    py={40}
                    bgImage={`url('${image}')`}
                    bgPosition='center'
                    bgRepeat='no-repeat'
                    mb={2}
                >
                    <button className='bg-gray-200 rounded px-8 py-2 text-black hover:bg-gray-100' onClick={handleUpload}>Upload File</button>
                </Box>
            }

            {
                URI && <Text className='mt-4'>
                    <Text fontSize='xl'> Uploaded File:</Text> <a href={URI} target="_blank">{URI}</a>
                </Text>
            }
        </div>
    )
}

export default UploadImage And, with this in place, we can now upload the files to the Arweave network 🚀 Further Improvement: Right now we are only uploading images, we can add support for other formats as well (video, audio, anything) Store URLs of uploaded images with wallet address in Supabase and show the list of files previously uploaded by users when they connect their wallet Completed code: GitHub Also published . here

Permanent File Storage for Web3 Apps With Arweave, Bundlr, Next.js, RainbowKit, and Wagmi

the leading R&D firm for the , purchased 5,728 shares of common stock shares at , a $50M pre-money valuation. Forward Research Arweave ecosystem HackerNoon $42.55 per share This is great news for our shareholders, who’ve previously purchased shares at the and at the , which was the last issuing of new HackerNoon shares. 2019 equity crowdfunding price of $8.20 2020 strategic investment price of $11.35 HackerNoon agreed to . This ensures that HackerNoon, who recently exceeded one billion words published, and it’s contributing writers, will have for all their stories. back up the HackerNoon library on Arweave Web3 backups Pioneering Text Preservation with Arweave Your stories should last forever. HackerNoon not only publishes about , , and , but also works to integrate our publishing system with the emerging technologies that will make the next internet. We’re aiming to partner with products and companies like Arweave, who’ve made technological breakthroughs in digital publishing. blockchain cryptocurrencies web3 “We backed up the entire HackerNoon library on Arweave for about $58,” said . “We’re still in the very early days of a truly decentralized internet, but when it comes to hosting and distributing digital text, we’re thrilled to be a small part of driving that cost towards zero.” HackerNoon Founder & CEO David Smooke Stories are how we learn. Stories have the power to inspire, to guide, to change lives. We are working to make HackerNoon stories last forever. More Web3 Integrations Already Live on HackerNoon Before this partnership, we’ve built and integrated functions to further HackerNoon’s journey into the world of Web3. Signup / Login with Wallet 1.0 is email, 2.0 is social, and 3.0 is the digital wallet. Really exciting for readers, writers, and partners to be able to use all HackerNoon has to offer with just a 3.0 identity. and NFTs as Profile Photos Story Embeds People can embeds NFTs into HackerNoon stories and use them as their profile avatars, which show up bordered by the notorious identity hexagon. Noonies Tech Awards NFT Badges Our yearly tech awards come with many prizes, including original NFT badge for all the winners to signify and preserve their accomplishments. : ex , , Crypto Data Price Pages $BTC $ETH $AR These coin price pages combine curated stories with timely data to form a qualitative and quantitate hub about each top cryptocurrency. Web3 Writing Contests By publishing with web3 tags, contributors enter to win prizes from paying customers such as Sandbox, Sora, Coinsbee, NOWpayments and Avalanche. : ex , Blockchain games rankings Axie Infinity Gods Unchained We monitor and measure the world’s most-trending blockchain games based on internet traction and blockchain activity. Publishing More Web3 And of course everyday, publishing more , , , , , and related stories :-) ai blockchain cryptocurrency decentralization web3 One of the most important things we think Web3 can help us achieve is preservation. With our partnership with Arweave, and the other integrations, we are working to further decentralize the HackerNoon, making us a more community-driven, trustworthy and sustainable place to read, write, learn and publish. About HackerNoon How hackers start their afternoons. We are an open and international community of 35,000+ contributing writers publishing stories and expertise for 4,000,000+ curious and insightful monthly readers. Founded in 2016, HackerNoon is an independent technology publishing platform run by David Smooke and Linh Smooke. . HackerNoon’s built for technologists to read, write, and publish. Learn more about what humans think of HackerNoon About Arweave The Arweave network is like Bitcoin, but for data: A permanent and decentralized web inside an open ledger. Permanent storage has many applications: from the preservation of humanity's most important data, to the hosting of truly decentralized and provably neutral web apps. The Arweave protocol is stable, mature and widely adopted. It acts as a map that points you to places you can learn about, use and build on Arweave. In the comments below, let us know what you think of these integrations and what other Web3 integrations you’d like to see us roll out.

HackerNoon Raises $250k at $50M Valuation From Forward Research

HackerNoon recauda $ 250k a una valoración de $ 50 millones de Forward Research

HackerNoon lève 250 000 $ à 50 millions de dollars d'évaluation de Forward Research

हैकरनून ने फॉरवर्ड रिसर्च से $50M मूल्यांकन पर $250k जुटाए

HackerNoon が Forward Research から 5,000 万ドルの評価額で 25 万ドルを調達

HackerNoon levanta $ 250k em avaliação de $ 50M da Forward Research

HackerNoon huy động được 250 nghìn đô la với mức định giá 50 triệu đô la từ nghiên cứu chuyển tiếp

HackerNoon 以 5000 万美元的估值从 Forward Research 筹集了 25 万美元

Economic Model Design of Optimism-Based Service Network for Decentralized Services

Diseño de Modelo Económico de Red de Servicios Basada en Optimismo para Servicios Descentralizados

Hi Fabian Riewe, welcome to our series “Behind the Startup.” Please tell us about yourself and the story behind ? Ishan Pandey: KYVE Hi Ishan, thanks for having me. I am a software developer from Germany, and I used to work as a tech lead in a local startup. I got into the crypto scene by the end of 2019 while participating in a hackathon. In this hackathon, I have developed a solution for enterprise companies to store signatures for digital contracts onto the Ethereum blockchain. Fabian Riewe: During Summer 2020, I got introduced to the Arweave ecosystem, in which I developed a product called . In February this year, John Letey and I worked on a for bridging Polkadot data over to Arweave. We then talked to other L1s like Avalanche, Cosmos, The Graph, and others to make sure our product solved an existing pain point. They were all excited about our solution and wanted to be users. This is how KYVE, the startup, was born. Arverify bounty We then started scaling the team in March, raised the , and integrated our testnet. At KYVE, we hope to become the default tool for data collection and computation for all Web3 projects and therefore help projects solve their scalability issues. first funding round KYVE raised $2.875 Million in the second funding round featuring Hypershphere, Coinbase Ventures and others. What advice, tips and tricks would you give to budding entrepreneurs who want to raise funds for their startups? Ishan Pandey: I think that the key to raising successfully is essentially by making sure the product is solving an existing issue. During the first months at KYVE, we spent lots of hours collaborating with blockchains, identifying their infrastructure issues and ensuring that the protocol we were building was solving those issues. As soon as we made sure of this, we raised from other founders, not only venture capital firms. I believe it is crucial to be surrounded by builders to develop a strong market fit early on. By this, you create a perfect round set-up which is beneficial for the project. Capital is not mainly necessary, and you always get the chance to get it from somewhere. Expertise is the value you are looking for. What are your views on Arweave and how can the application impact and disrupt our society? Ishan Pandey: Arweave is a fantastic tool and the best permanent storage out there from my perspective. Unregulated public permanent storage comes with a lot of challenges, though. Just imagine someone uploading tons of illegal data. Of course, this also comes with many benefits where permanent storage is a censorship-resistant space for people to have free thoughts. Fabian Riewe: According to you, what is the future of NFT arts? Further, how can NFT collections protect their art by shifting to Arweave? Ishan Pandey: NFT Metadata (e.g., the image) is often stored on centralized storage solutions like AWS or other clouds. This does not guarantee that the data always stays online. This introduces the risk that you would buy an NFT but lose the image itself. When storing the metadata on Arweave, you ensure that this does not happen and your NFT is always available. Fabian Riewe: Please explain to us about KYVE and how the protocol works? (Please give a technical explanation). Ishan Pandey: The protocol is focused on storage pools. In every pool, there is one uploader and multiple validators. The uploader is connected to a data source. Whenever new data is sent to the uploader, he bundles it and stores it onto Arweave. He then registers the Arweave transaction in our smart contracts. The validator then picks up the new transaction and validates the data. Depending on his outcome, the validator votes with either valid or invalid. After the grace period, the smart contract evaluates the result and then marks the transaction as valid or invalid, depending on the majority votes. Users can then query the bundle, check its result and work with the data. Fabian Riewe: How can decentralized storage be leveraged currently by blockchain startups? Further, do you think that such protocols will be able to take the pie from AWS, Google Cloud and Azure? Ishan Pandey: Oh yes, absolutely, decentralized storage is a massive use case in the archive and backup industry. You can even extend the idea of decentralized storage and take it towards hosting files on the web. This creates censorship-resistant websites, domains, etc. Fabian Riewe: Developers then do not need to worry about downtimes, and it will become a go-to piece in modern-day software architecture. Permanent storage is a cost-efficient solution too, especially with protocols like Arweave, where you pay once, and the data stays online forever. Storing 10GBs of data costs 1€ a year on some imaginary cloud platforms. When storing 10GBs on Arweave, it might cost 50€ first, but after 50 years, this is cheaper than the cloud solution. Example: From an enterprise point of view, storing information on a decentralized public network sounds fascinating and scary at the same time. Are public decentralized storage protocols completely safe for enterprise use or are there some cybersecurity threats that still exist? Ishan Pandey: Storing data permanently and publicly comes for sure with significant risks and responsibility. Enterprises need to put a lot of thought into this question. I would not advise storing sensible data onto permanent storage. Nevertheless, even for the average user, this is an interesting question. They need to be aware that stored data can not be removed and might create harm in a few decades from now. Fabian Riewe: According to you, what other significant trends are we going to witness in the blockchain industry in the year 2021? Ishan Pandey: I see a huge trend in infrastructure projects. DeFi is great, but when the costs for using those products are in the upper hundred dollars for gas costs, it will not be able to reach the average market and get greater adoption. The whole blockchain industry is ready to cover the more average market with cheaper and more scalable infrastructure. Fabian Riewe: Disclaimer: The purpose of this article is to remove informational asymmetry existing today in our digital markets by performing due diligence by asking the right questions and equipping readers with better opinions to make informed decisions. The material does not constitute any investment, financial, or legal advice. Please do your research before investing in any digital assets or tokens, etc. The writer does not have any vested interest in the company.

Raising Funds as a Blockchain Startup: A KYVE Interview

Avoiding Consumer Lock-ins with the Decentralised Web This is the third blog post in our series exploring aspects of the Arweave’s decentralised, . You can catch up with the other parts permanent web here and . here If you are like me, you have been an avid user of Google’s Gmail service since the first few months of the ‘private’ beta over a decade ago. Over this time, Google has rendered a fantastic service to us, with consistent releases of new features, fast and reliable service (I can only remember it being offline once when I needed it), and the simplicity that only great products can provide. Over this period, I have also given out my personal Gmail email address to hundreds of people — many of whom only have this mechanism of contacting me. Google has also sold access to my profile (pseudonymously), mined the messages that my friends and I exchange, and (sometimes inadvertently) exposed my communications to dozens of governments around the world. When Gmail began, these privacy violations were yet to be enumerated, or even (by me, naïvely) imagined. Yet, very shortly after Gmail was launched I begun giving my friends my Gmail address as the primary source of getting in touch — perpetually attaching myself to a service whose integrity I could not be sure of and perhaps should not have trusted. Google’s advertising and data privacy policies have shifted just as frequently as the of their search engine results. Once I had begun to give this address to my contacts, I (the consumer) was ‘locked-in’ to using the service provided by Google, whatever that might entail, until I informed all of my contacts of a new mail address to reach me at. Even if I had changed provider and burdened all of my friends with the confusion of multiple addresses for one person in their contact list, I could never be sure that this new mail provider would continue to avoid the same practices that led me to switch away from Gmail in the first place. manipulation Such is the way of the centralised web. Developer and Consumer integrity In her , Dani Grant enumerated the potential effects of ‘developer integrity’ on decentralised technology adoption. Dani’s point is that centralised products and services lack ‘developer integrity’, because they can make sweeping changes in their protocol at a moment’s notice. These changes can cause huge problems for developers, breaking products built on top of these centralised services, in turn disrupting any business they have built around these integrations. Decentralised networks, however, cannot easily or rapidly make such changes, and so have more ‘developer integrity’ as developers can place more trust in their offerings. This increased integrity will therefore accelerate adoption of decentralised technology. recent blog post apps apply this concept not just to developers, but to consumers, too. As well as giving developers confidence that their applications will not be shut down or broken without warning, consumers of permaweb apps can also be confident that developers cannot deny access or worsen offerings to end-users. With a permaweb app address, as a consumer what you see is what you get. This is not to say that developers cannot update permaweb apps — they can — but once published, previous versions of the app cannot be retracted or altered, new versions can only be added to the permaweb. Permaweb always Centralised Vs Decentralised platforms To make this point explicit, consider , a service that we quickly hacked together in order to test the limits of the permaweb app development framework that we . Anyone with an Arweave wallet can use Weavemail to send and receive messages, in a (mostly[1]) private and totally decentralised manner. Because Weavemail lives on Arweave’s permaweb, you can be confident that as long as you know the address of , and there is an available Arweave node to serve it to you, your access to this mail client as it currently exists simply cannot be denied, or changed. Weavemail recently released this transaction This means that in future, no matter what we the developers desire, we cannot add intrusive ads to the page, nor sell your data to any interested parties. With this permaweb address safely bookmarked, you can be sure of the integrity of your access to this service. While this kind of ‘consumer integrity’ may not be useful for all webapps — perhaps we do not care if our access to the ‘ ’ website is changed or denied — this can certainly make a difference for the services with which we entrust our core online presence for long periods of time. It is our expectation that in the same way developer integrity will drive developer adoption of decentralised networks, consumer integrity will drive consumer adoption of decentralised versions of the core web services that we all depend upon. I has a bucket Fancy trying out ? Grab some tokens Weavemail here and shoot me a mail at vLRHFqCw1uHu75xqB4fCDW-QxpkpJxBtFD9g4QYUbfw. We’re offering 10 AR to the first 100 people to send their first Weavemail! All the best, -arweave-sam [1] While Weavemail message contents are private, some metadata is publicly available: anyone, anywhere, can track which addresses are sending and receiving Weavemail, and how many characters those messages contain. We do not recommend that you use Weavemail for important communications at the moment, as it is currently just a prototype. Weavemail’s current limitations could be easily overcome by the implementation of a slightly more complex cryptographic protocol. If you are interested in making an improved version of Weavemail, why not ? fork the Github repo

Will Decentralized Storage Challenge Mainstream Solutions?

Hello again, Hackers! HackerNoon keeps on being the perfect playground for writers and innovation. If you’ve missed our recent updates, let us refresh you on what’s happening at noon. Web3 Backups: All HackerNoon Stories Now Republish on Arweave HackerNoon has published over 1 billion words, and - this ensures that HackerNoon and its contributing writers will have Web3 backups for all their stories🙂 now all those words and stories are backed up on Arweave How do these Web3 Backups work? At the bottom of all published HackerNoon stories, in the section that shows you all the sites that feature a story, you'll notice a "Permanent on Arweave" button, meaning that the moment a HackerNoon story is published, it also gets backed up on Arweave - so even if HackerNoon dies, your stories will live on. A mention of Arweave linkage will also show up on each individual e. story stats pag When you click that button, you'll be directed to a lite version of our site that focuses solely on the story content, ignoring the bells and whistles (like emoji reactions, related stories, etc.). The lite version of our site is about 40% smaller than our primary site size, so it also has viable use cases in slow internet regions too. The lite version of our site can also be accessed via this tiny green earth lightning bolt above the upper right of the featured image on any story with the hover text of “Read this story w/o Javascript”: In the unlikely event that HackerNoon is not accessible in your region, you could simply visit __ __and start reading HackerNoon by clicking on any of the hashes! this wallet address Story Distribution Front and Center at HackerNoon Accessibility plays a crucial role in a publishing platform's distribution capabilities. That’s exactly what HackerNoon strives to enhance accessibility by converting text stories into various formats such as , , , printer view, offering options to download , and now, a cryptographic text backup via digital signature on Arweave. audio story files multilingual translations terminal view JSON and PDF versions Other HackerNoon Developments If you subscribe to , you've probably heard about our , , and improved . But that's not all! our product updates subscription feature Twitter embeds AI image generation models HackerNoon seeks to give you the best experience possible, even if that limits our communication, such as with . This feature on your lets you pick and choose with newsletters and __ __you want to subscribe and unsubscribe from - making sure your inbox remains curated to your preferences. newsletters' settings email settings tech briefs Another feature that will not only extend writers' reach to their audiences but make HackerNoon even more accessible is the . Our podcasts allow everyone to tune in and listen to their favorite HackerNoon writers on the go and keep up-to-date with the latest tech news and insights. We've got everything from and to and and more - search for "HackerNoon Tech Brief" on , , or to get started. Tech Brief Podcasts business programming gaming tech stories Spotify Deezer PlayerFM How does any of this relate to you? We hope all our recent updates further assure you of our commitment to you, our writer, of doing the most to preserve and distribute your stories and make them accessible to everyone, everywhere. So the next time you , you can rest easy knowing that your work is well taken care of. Speaking of stories, here are a couple of ideas for your next creation 😉 start a new story Have you learned something that could be valuable to your professional peers? Tell us about it . here Any recent realization you’ve had about the ways of the world? ! Share it with us Is there anything in tech that’s particularly exciting to you? Write about it! What are your thoughts on this week’s poll? ! Spill the tea here Sometimes, the only way to a great story is to start typing nonsense.

Web3 Backups for All Stories and Other HackerNoon Updates!

Unleashing the Potential: Innovations/Suggestions for Crypto and Blockchain

Desatando el Potencial: Innovaciones/Sugerencias para Crypto y Blockchain

Libérer le potentiel : innovations/suggestions pour la crypto et la blockchain

क्षमता को उजागर करना: क्रिप्टो और ब्लॉकचैन के लिए नवाचार/सुझाव

可能性を解き放つ: 暗号通貨とブロックチェーンの革新/提案

Liberando o Potencial: Inovações/Sugestões para Criptomoedas e Blockchain

Giải phóng tiềm năng: Đổi mới/Đề xuất cho tiền điện tử và chuỗi khối

释放潜力：加密货币和区块链的创新/建议

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The Noonification: Netizens, 2023 is the Year to Up-skill in Cybersecurity (5/15/2023)

While Web3 is screaming decentralization, the likes of Facebook, Amazon, and Google are hoping it's just a false alarm. As the internet moves closer to the era of decentralization with Web3, it's important to understand clearly how data control will be affected and the likely turn data engineering will take. The internet has welcomed many stages of evolution since its inception with the internet moving from being merely a news board to a place for interaction through the medium of social media. As human experiences are being gradually improved upon, there are concerns about how much data one can control in the bid to enjoy personalized services. What will be the fate of the numerous tech giants that depend on vast quantities of user data to offer personalized user experiences, which is undoubtedly a guaranteed strategy for success? This is the best time to quote Aaron Swartz briskly: Information is power, but like power, there are those who want to keep it to themselves. Web 3 appears to offer a safer online environment with improved data privacy and security. Although adoption is still in its early stages, it is crucial to prepare for what to anticipate in the wake of the next wave of the 21st-century internet. This is a tale of the data control dilemma with the encroachment of decentralization and loudly preached transparency. Let the tales begin! We will start with the basics. ? What Is Web3 Web3 is the next stage of the internet evolution. Powered by technologies like the blockchain, decentralized protocols, and cryptographic systems which store data using to ensure the data is secure, Web3 moves from the era of a centralized web as seen in Web2 to that of a decentralized web. cryptographic algorithms Still in doubt? Listen to Aya Miyaguchi, the Executive Director of Ethereum. Web 3 is about creating a more decentralized and open internet where and interactions, without relying on centralized intermediaries for access and validation. users have control over their data ? What Are Cryptographic Algorithms Imagine you have a secret message to send to your friend. You want to send it through the internet, but you're not sure of the safety of that message. You don't want anyone else to know what it entails, so you decide to use a special code that just you and your friend can comprehend to write the message. Based on the level of your friendship, you may decide to twist some words to mean something else that can only be decoded between you and your friend. That's where cryptography comes in. Adding an algorithm would be including a special set of rules to your codified message to enable your friend to understand it. Now, let's get a definition. Cryptographic algorithms are rules that turn secret messages into secret codes that only the parties involved in the interaction can understand. and cryptographic algorithms used to store data on the blockchain ensure the security and confidentiality of personal information. Privacy is a fundamental pillar of Web 3, By prioritizing privacy and security, Web 3 empowers individuals to take control of their data and protects them from the invasive practices of centralized entities. What Is a Decentralized Web? This term describes an internet environment that doesn't rely on a single entity like Google, Facebook, or Yahoo for control. Instead, it uses blockchain technology to enable direct interaction between users- all the computers and devices are equal and can communicate seamlessly. peer-to-peer In the Web 3 world, we don't need middlemen to trust each other. We can trust the system itself. - Joseph Lubin, Co-founder of Ethereum & CEO of ConsenSys Imagine walking into a room and interacting with everyone without hassle, that's what - feels like! peer to-peer Web3 Is Coming… Thanks to the early adopters of Web3, there are gradually more promising Web3 alternatives for day-to-day tasks that pledge to provide better experiences in terms of data security and speed such as: Brave for browsing Metamask to send money Opensea for buying and selling Mastodon to have more control over your data while still enjoying the benefits of social media. Filecoin to store and manage data rather than uploading to your Google Drive Data storage already has Web3 alternatives. Yeah! An anonymous person source says, " " Rightly so! Whoever controls the data, controls the truth. Web3 is giving more control to individuals so can have a stake in decision-making, and that's how life should be! Data is a valuable asset at times termed as especially in this present era where data is used to improve user experience and help businesses make decisions that lead to growth. you gold, The principles of centralized data management nullify the need for democracy and transparency when dealing with data in the Web2 space. Centralization is not bad We have all benefited from personalized services like having Amazon suggest what you might like based on the last thing you searched for or even bought. Web3 is a new layer of the internet that largely leans on the efforts of centralization to make data more accessible and secure. Decentralization doesn't always mean private Like many newbies in this ecosystem, it's easy to take on the thought that decentralization guarantees privacy. No, it doesn't. " ." Many decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts built on decentralized networks like Ethereum collect and store data in transparent, publicly accessible databases Too Many Broken Trusts Many times we have been forced to trust like Facebook with our data, and oftentimes they keep breaking it. tech lords Take the in March 2018 where millions of Facebook users had their data collected without their consent for political advertising reasons. Facebook Cambridge Analytica scandal It was quite easy for Cambridge Analytica, a British political consulting firm, to obtain tons of people’s data through a third-party app - . Your Digital Life The app helped the firm obtain personal details of individuals who signed up as well as details of their friends on Facebook all without their consent. After that incident, which had over 87 million users' data , it became more glaring to the public that Facebook owns and controls the data of everyone on its platform. Till now, users have little visibility on how accessible their personal data is. hijacked Web3 exists to prevent such scandals by giving you the power to control your data. It also promises you that your data is safe by eliminating third-party centralized networks for data storage which are vulnerable to attacks. Talking about centralized networks/servers, I think this is the best time to bring in the discussion on the synergy between big data, data engineering, and centralized servers. Data Engineering & How It Plays Out in Web2 Data engineering refers to the process involved in building an infrastructure with tools such as , , and to collect and transform big data for the benefit of business use which will result in growth. Apache Spark Hadoop Cassandra Big data, on the other hand, refers to large amounts of data- structured, unstructured, and in some cases, semi-structured, generated daily through the internet by individuals and businesses. The importance of data engineering cannot be overlooked- tons of data (big data) are constantly collected, harnessed, and processed through pipelines to provide valuable business insights and decisions. Now, a major limitation of this is that data engineering relies on centralized systems for data storage hence, is prone to a single point of failure - centralized networks have data processed and stored by a single node; in a case where the primary server crashes, there would be a general downtime which could lead to data loss. Also, individuals/businesses have little or no control over their data, and virtually every business now employs centralized servers. What do they say about times and seasons? Well… Here are some limitations of centralized cloud computing: Users' data can be stored and used without their consent. In the place of Google, personal data such as search history, personal preferences, and also location can be arbitrarily used. Data is prone to hacking by third parties just like the Facebook scandal. The operations will be slower leading to stifled scalability- following the dependency on primary servers(less division of labor). Servers are vulnerable to a single point of failure as explained above. Is that the path data management should continue in? I don't think so. There seems to be a way out -thankfully, with the "decentralized mandate" on Web3, multiple nodes can process and store large amounts of data. Now, let me help you understand this. Decentralized storage protocols can be likened to keeping your eggs safe in different baskets- all in the same room each stored in a well secure basket that can only be accessed with permission (on-chain). Centralized storage servers can be likened to keeping all your eggs in one basket relatively safe. The safety of the eggs can be easily tampered with when it's in one basket. That's how vulnerable centralized servers are. Notice that I highlighted that, in the first case scenario, these eggs are in the same room, so there's still a connection between them - that explains the interconnection between decentralized nodes. Just like the eggs in scenario 1, all placed in different baskets interconnected nodes or blocks are more secure and easy to detect when something goes wrong. But then, there's still a problem. Navigating the Early Stage of Innovation Illuminates a Myriad of Challenges The emergence of true data sovereignty in a decentralized environment has uncovered many holes that should be filled. At this current stage where Web2 is still fully in existence, many applications utilize centralized servers including Web3 dApps because there aren't yet fully equipped decentralized storage protocols to handle massive data . yet Web3 developers crave a more sophisticated decentralized database environment following the massive and complex nature of data generated in the ecosystem. Let's face it; with millions of transactions and blocks added daily, developers need to access and query data in real-time. Speed is of necessity for dApps to scale efficiently. Here are some of the problems faced by developers: Some existing decentralized storage protocols like and are limited to the storage of only static files. Arweave IPFS The abundance of Web3 applications means more complex data to deal with like NFT data, tokens, wallets, etc. Following the dynamic nature of Web3 data, these distributed protocols make it difficult for developers to easily query data, leaving most of the data stored in silos unused. Also, such a rigid storage environment slows down deployment. These vast amounts of data lying fallow in silos, which are not maximized are kept to waste because they can't be easily accessed when needed - in real-time. This affects the application lifecycle. : The time and expense required to build a robust database infrastructure to tally with the demands of Web3 complexities will give Web3 developers a second thought to continue with centralized databases which they are even more familiar with. It is a complex process to build from scratch, and there is scarce time to do that while trying to scale. Cost implications One of the pillars of a Web3 environment is . Developers need to trust that they can get reliable data from the emerging decentralized storage infrastructures available. trust Using blockchain specifically to store data takes a lot of time and isn't any different from using centralized servers; transactions are slower and take longer time to validate. In a bid to solve this, developers might resort to building a decentralized on-chain database. While this would be more effective, it is an extremely complex task to get started with. Who Owns the Data in Web3? Various Web3 projects may have distinct approaches to data ownership. However, ownership of data is distributed across nodes or computers to enable transparency, censorship resistance, and immutability. This distribution is carried out by decentralized systems including blockchain technology. Individuals have full control of their data and can decide which data they want to share. How Is Data Stored in Web3? Data storage in Web3 is usually carried out with decentralized technologies like the blockchain, distributed storage networks, and decentralized file systems like (InterPlanetary File System) Now we will take them in bits so you can understand: : A strong force to be reckoned with in the Web3 ecosystem that allows you to store data in blocks and link them securely through cryptography. (Remember the definition above) Blockchain It is usually used to store transactional data through an immutable chain, hence its name- blockchain. :  This decentralized storage type leverages the collective storage ownership of participants in the network and incentivizes them to share more of their unused storage space. The storage space is then broken into bits and distributed across multiple nodes. Distributed storage networks : A peer-to-peer distributed storage environment that leverages on content addressable model: a way to recognize files by their cryptographic hash. It helps in the storage and retrieval of files. Decentralized File Systems (IPFS) Which Web3 databases Are Available? As Web3 is buzzing, many developers have discovered a missing tech stack in the ecosystem, a database for Web3; below are a few emerging databases you can use: Polybase Glacier Ceramic WeaveDB IceFireDB Kwil Space and Time (Web3 data warehouse approach) Thus Far… Some Web3 databases have emerged to solve major pain points that Web3 developers face to scale their dApps efficiently. From the likes of a handful of examples listed above amongst others, their approach in ways is similar by providing: : A better interconnected organized space for Web3 data that allows for easy access and allows developers to build on the infrastructure seamlessly. Programmable composable data network :  With traditional databases rigid on structured data i.e., having rows, tables, and columns, it eliminates the chances to maximize Web3 data which comes in more complex forms. NoSQL databases will help handle Web3 data in any form with more flexibility and efficiency. Using the NoSQL database structure, different types of data can be stored without necessarily fitting into a predefined schema. NoSQL database : Just like building blocks, different parts of the environment can be easily put together or taken out to meet needs per time- it's customizable and dynamic in nature. Modularity : A robust tool that meets the heavy data demands of massive Web3 data without getting overwhelmed or reducing efficiency. Scalable infrastructure : This is one word you may struggle to pronounce but will regularly come across when talking about Web3 applications. I'll try to help you understand it in the best way possible 🙏 Interoperability Imagine that you have a flash drive that can easily connect to 3 computers. That drive is able to share information easily with each of the computers. That's how it works too in Web3- various dApps can share information with each other and work together even if the applications were built by different people. It's more like a meeting point of agreement despite the uniqueness of the applications. Emerging Web3 databases are receptive to allowing various dApps to interact and collaborate seamlessly on their platform. Business applications can interact without intermediaries. Glacier particularly, intends to with the ownership of Web3 data to bring to reality the monetization of Web3 data subsequently. Data monetization: combine NFT technology Exciting Times Ahead for Data Engineers As Web3 gradually encroaches into the way everything on the internet is done, data engineering will also experience interesting steps towards decentralization. Data engineers, the core architects of data pipelines, will have to learn new ways to design and maintain decentralized environments that meet the demands of data sovereignty which covers security, integrity, and privacy through immutability. Also, businesses will garner more trust seeing that their data is protected from unauthorized access, deletion, or manipulation. The smooth transition from Web2 to Web3 is also not leaving out Web2 applications, some of the databases listed above like IceFireDB, is providing a solution for Web2 and Web3 applications to access decentralized storage. Automation is a one-time button for repetitive tasks. Data engineers can employ smart contracts - programmable self-executing contracts to automate some data management practices. How Will Tech Giants React to the Full Unfolding of Web3? Like many things that trended within a particular time frame in the past, there came a time they also had to fade because they weren't able to successfully withstand change. That's the same way this will play out. Facebook, Amazon, and Google may not disappear entirely if they can adapt and implement the necessary changes to transition towards a more open and transparent internet. Facebook has gradually shown support for certain aspects of the Web3 sphere, such as the metaverse and NFTs, despite its to shut down its NFT platform for Facebook and its sister platform, Instagram. recent decision Everyone needs to learn constantly about the evolving direction of the internet because this next phase is really about and you do have a stake. you, Additionally, there would be a more transparent approach to handling consumer data as a business, ensuring direct consent through a decentralized web. It's truly an incredible journey to anticipate, albeit at a leisurely pace. Takeaway Just as you wouldn't be needing another person's phone to make calls, Web3 developers crave an environment for decentralized storage that fully exceeds expectations rather than blindfolding themselves to the many limitations of centralized facilities. Get excited about the new wave of the internet -Web3, where you are more involved and protected.

Who Will Eventually Control Big Data in Web3?

I had no idea that I was going to write this at all. Honestly, given all of the insanity going on in the macro landscape & inside the crypto industry, it would be downright insane trying to build a portfolio now… right? Well, after the sh*tshow with the FTX sandal, SVB collapsing on itself, FUD around , & crypto Twitter singing songs of a 2008 moment for the industry Crypto… people are starting to hate it. stablecoins Whenever people are terrified, angry, lost & confused; there is an opportunity to be had. In the words of uncle Warren Buffet “Be fearful when others are greedy & be greedy when others are fearful”. IT’S PRIME TIME BABY. Basics: - These are in no particular order. - These are the coins/tokens that I personally like & will be stacking, there are definitely more opportunities out there, I just know that staying focused will yield greater results than being scatterbrained & missing everything. - Given how risky crypto is in general, I will DCA over the next 12–18 months. - This is not financial advice. - DYOR Bitcoin - (BTC) “The Godfather.” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 30% Being the “oldest” of all digital assets Bitcoin has time and time again proven its economic importance. The holy grail of decentralization & the most robust cryptocurrency of all, this is a staple of any serious long-term portfolio. One of my never-sells. The way I view BTC is one way; away from the tax-hungry hands of governments. While the return potential is lower than many altcoins, it is also the most risk-controlled asset of all. This is a key component in how I’m balancing the allocations of my portfolio; all great wealth is composed of not only wealth generation but also wealth retention. Controlled risk means higher predictability & higher predictability means greater potential for wealth retention. Plus, I’m ultra-bullish on Proof-Of-Work. Solana - (SOL) “The underdog.” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 25% Given how strong the technology & the founders are, coupled with just some subliminal patterns that stand out to me, SOL is the next ETH. I’m not talking about technology, I’m talking about it from a purely ROI perspective. Money aside, Solana has a multitude of interesting elements underpinning it: - their incredible ability to attract developers. - flourishing NFT ecosystem - awesome work on light clients & vision of a mobile network (SMS) - its monolithic blockchain architecture that creates strong ties between the coin & the network - capital & technological efficiency (low fees & high throughput) - strong interest from VC’s (which they get a lot of hate for) Cosmos - (ATOM) “The internet of blockchains.” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 15% Cosmos has done incredible work in positioning itself as a hub to connect blockchains. Its IBC (Inter-Blockchain-Communication) protocol creates a very interesting opportunity to capture the velocity of activity that happens on independent chains. There are actually over , including some of the biggest names in the game: (Cronos, Kava, Osmosis, Injective, & Secret) What really attracts me to the cosmos solution is that it is they utilize “Hubs” to provide connectivity. >46 chains already connected to the Cosmos Hub not like a typical bridge; As more crypto projects arrive they will need interoperability; given the constant failure & hacks of bridges, odds are they will want something more secure & permanent. My bet is on Cosmos. Avalanche — (AVAX) “Better than Ethereum” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 10% The very unique approach to interoperability & innate design of this project caught my attention. There are so many mind-boggling technological innovations happening here that it would be impossible to miss them. Anytime I see a novel Conesus mechanism, I immediately get intrigued because I understand the depth of effort that was put into the engineering. However, after looking into the Snowflake consensus mechanism I was blown away by the brilliance & extremely skeptical at first. If the promises & guarantees that AVAX might deliver to the world come to fruition, Avalanche could be better than any other smart contract platform. First, the team behind it is world-class. They obviously know what they are doing & are always at the forefront of attracting developers. (I think they might be able to take some away from Ethereum). The level of decentralization with AVAX is as good, if not better than, Bitcoin’s . Obviously, they use POS, so they can support ultra-fast finality (<2 seconds). The multi-leveled architecture claims “theoretically infinite” TPS via its subnets (still has to be shown, but I’m a believer.) Ultimately, this is a strict bet on the team & technology. (by node count) ChainLink — (LINK) “The distance between IRL & Web3” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 7.5% Chainlink is one of the most important pieces for the construction of a truly digital economy. Blockchains are like remote island nations, each with its own currency, population & laws. They are not aware of what is going on outside of their own islands. There is plenty of data that is not native to a blockchain, such as its price. Bitcoin does not know if BTC is trading at 10k or 100k, all Bitcoin knows is that 1BTC=1BTC. As an oracle network, Chainlink brings external real-world data to the blockchain. In order to make any DEFI protocol or Dapp work, data must be fetched from somewhere. If somebody is building a decentralized exchange, that exchange needs to source prices & those prices will exist across many different providers. Chainlink’s oracles go to those providers & bring that data on-chain. As of this writing, there are over ; that number will only grow over time. 1,700 projects using chainlink ) Stacks - (STX “Smart Contracts on Bitcoin” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 2.5% This is a project I have only recently started paying attention to after the impressive success of ordinals & the transition of ETH from POW to POS. This isn’t exactly a “pure” layer 2 on Bitcoin, Stacks is its own blockchain network that operates in tandem with the Bitcoin blockchain. However, this feels as though it is something vaguely similar to what Polygon or Optimism is to Ethereum. While I WILL NOT deposit my bitcoin into the STX network, I do think there is a role for them to play in the greater ecosystem. Arweave - (AR) “On-chain storage” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 2.5% This is a play on decentralized data storage. There are a lot of other on-chain data storage solutions in the marketplace (Filecoin, Bit Torrent, Storj, Siacoin, and so on.); however, IMHO Arweave is one of the most promising long-term on-chain data storage projects on the market due to the following four reasons: MarketCap is fair (~250m). In the event that decentralized data storage takes off as a sector, that would give it a lot of runway for potential ROI. (FYI, the Marketcap of AR is 10x lower than the current leader FIL) he mission of the project is to destroy censorship; as a decentralization maxi when I see something like this, I get all hyped up. T They have actually designed their own consensus mechanism called “proof-of-access”; that is able to provide better TPS (~5,000) & better pricing than many of its competitors Has with some HUGE names: Meta (aka Facebook), Instagram, Metaplex & Mirror. partnerships ApeCoin - (APE) “oooh-oooh AHAH, Ape together strong” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 2.5% Kind of a degen play on this one. I am not a holder of any ape NFTs & do not intend on becoming one. Nevertheless, I do believe in the concept of there being a need for a Web3 native token that will fuel the expansion of the creative on-chain economy & culture. Being heavily Web3-focused & having a very strong team of intelligent crypto natives on board, will give APE a chance to compete in the big leagues. The secret sauce here might be that the token’s utility is to support community building. Web3 Moonbeam - (GLMR) → Anticipated allocation: ~ 2.5% This is a pseudo-bet on the success of Polkadot & Ethereum, as well as on Layer 2's. Moonbeam is a lesser talked-about project that has actually delivered some interesting developments for EVM compatibility from the Polkadot network. As a parachain on Polkadot, the project has a lot of incredible developer tooling available. Moonbeam has actually been touted as having the most advanced interoperability capabilities between the two networks. While I must be honest that I personally do not see much of a differentiator in terms of technology on this one, I do see a high potential return based on tokenomics. With 50% of the token already in circulation & a market cap of ~250m, this token might be able to ride the best of all worlds in the event of a bull market. The Graph - (GRT) “An Inverted Chainlink Mapping Big Data ” → Anticipated allocation: ~ 2.5% I’m not a fan of AI tokens, nor am I familiar with how to measure the actual value that can be monetized by big data in the blockchain ecosystem. However, GRT kinda-sorta exists at the intersection of the two fields & is one of the most fascinating projects that has crossed my sights while doing research on the space. Referred to as an indexing protocol, the Graph allows for querying data from blockchains; which feels almost like a reversed Chainlink. Chainlink brings data from the outside in, The Graph indexes data in such a way that it reduces developer costs for getting blockchain data out. Fancy technical talk aside, the biggest reason that GRT made it to my list is that since inception they have gone through one hell of an intense token emission. Now with >83% of the token in circulation, the sell pressure from new tokens coming onto the market will be lower than before. (I hope 🤞🤣🤞) These are all core to the portfolio, they will not be traded. I enter via DCA & I leave once . It is possible as the cycle progresses that things will change, if they do, I will do a part two for this article. (except BTC) I did not mention any of the shitcoin/tokens that might be of interest for margin trading because as I have learned the hard way, investing makes money & margin trading kills it. Stay patient friends. Thank you for reading! May your bags always be full & overflowing 💰 See you all on the other side 🥂 Also published here.

Crypto Investment Strategy: My 10-Token Portfolio for the Upcoming Cycle

The cryptocurrency industry is notorious for its ability to use exotic terminology to confuse the shit out of non-technical people. Hell, sometimes even the most technical of people can get lost in the sauce. The absurd rate of innovation that takes place in crypto is a breeding ground for new ideas. These new ideas require new, yet familiar forms of being communicated. One of the most overused forms of communication is through the formulation of terminology as “PROOF-OF- ”. xyz Everybody is always trying to prove something & this is for good reason, after all, the very essence of blockchain is “Don’t Trust, Verify.” However, at some point it all just becomes overwhelming. Today we put an end to this! Ok, not really, but we will dissect one of the most important technical aspects upon which the entire industry is built: Consensus Mechanisms This is a very dense topic that requires an understanding of many different technical elements; I will try to break them all down as we go through it & provide links/resources for those that want to dive in deeper. Cryptocurrency operates through a cloud computing system called a DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology), such as a Blockchain or DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph). This technology has been developed as a solution to a computational “paradigm” known as which explains the difficulty of establishing secure communication in decentralized environments. The Byzantine Generals Problem Basically, if 3 generals surround a city & want to capture it, they must attack all at once. Any less than all 3 & the plan will fail. How can these generals coordinate with each other if there is so much risk involved in sending a message? The messenger getting lost, being delayed, losing the message, forging a fake message, getting caught by the enemy or just lying about it. It is actually a pretty stimulating read for anybody interested; but for the sake of brevity, we must move on. Blockchains/DLTs are (supposed to be) immutable, transparent, append-only digital ledgers that provide an operational guarantee of consistently only showing the truth. These properties have given blockchain technology the colloquial nickname as “ ”. the trust machine While we intuitively know what trust is, defining it is no simple task. Trust is the assurance that future outcomes are dependable. It is the ability to put faith into something/someone without the fear, uncertainty, or doubt of that something/someone fucking you over. Trusting is the ability to make a decision, with a high degree of confidence, and not have to worry about the counterparty risk. Consensus mechanisms are the vehicles for establishing the truth, avoiding non-truth, & in turn garnering user trust in cryptocurrencies. What is a consensus mechanism? As it relates to crypto, consensus mechanisms provide the dual functionality of security guarantees & reward regulation. They are systems/protocols that are used to agree on a single version of history for all the chain’s activity. A code of conduct for establishing a common agreement on the shared, single, true state. They dictate:- who verifies & confirms the transactions that are submitted into a blockchain block(s).- how that verification & confirmation happens- who & how is somebody rewarded for their efforts/contributions This is where things get a little tricky: Consensus mechanisms do not have to only have to deal with the cold hard computational logic of blockchain security. They can be used to express the coming to an agreement of trust on virtually any arbitrary social, technical or mechanical element. The nuances of the delicate architecture behind consensus mechanisms are extremely complex… but at the highest level they can be boiled down to four core composing design elements: Computational complexity The amount of resources & steps that are necessary in order to arrive at the desired outcome (the quicker/shorter, the better) Fault-tolerance At the core of any computational network’s consensus is the ability to maintain operations in the event that network participants drop out or stop working (which can happen sporadically) The higher the fault tolerance, the easier it is to game the system; the lower the tolerance the more resilient the system it. So if the fault tolerance of a system is 51% that means that the system can continue to operate as long as 49% is compromised. If the tolerance is 67%, that means the system can handle only 33% of compromised nodes. Resilience The ability to continue delivering proper results in the event of malicious activity (which can happen for prolonged periods of time) Liveliness The guarantees that even after some unforeseen event happens, the network will continue to operate truthfully Tradeoffs in Mechanisms: There is no single universal mechanism to rule them all. Consensus mechanisms are radically different according to their application. The blockchain trilemma poses that it is impossible to have the presence of all 3 properties: Security, Scalability, & Decentralization in a single system. There can only be some degree of a mixture between 2-of-3 elements. Based on which combination is present in a blockchain, each mechanism will differ according to: - performance - consistency, - scalability, - efficiency While there are hundreds, if not thousands of different mechanisms out in the marketplace today; there are two general types of Consensus mechanisms based on their operational logic, . Every other variation will just be some modular adjustment or combination of these two. proof-of-work & proof-of-stake Now that we have a general understanding of Consensus mechanisms; let’s review some of them: Disclaimer - Not every “Proof-Of-something” serves the same functions as the others. - Not every consensus mechanism needs to have “Proof-Of” in its name. - Byzantine Fault Tolerance is an element of any/every mechanism. POW — Proof Of Work Very High Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: Resource-intensive process of extreme mathematical complexity that demands dedicated hardware. POW consensus is reached via the contribution of computational resources to solving mathematical problems of monstrous complexity. Here, nodes are called miners and earn their rewards through the emission of new network tokens. Leaders for block proposals are chosen on a first-come, first-serve basis according to whoever is able to solve the mathematical problem. Description: POW itself has a built-in sub-rule of “chain weight” or “chain height” & truncation. Whenever POW is running, miners are building their own versions of the next block; however, only one block will be accepted. Meaning that the network will truncate/discard all non-accepted blocks & always recalibrate to the version of the chain that is longest/heaviest (in terms of the amount of work done on it). This is considered the most secure/decentralized model of consensus because of its ability to resist global government scrutiny. , , , POW Examples - Bitcoin (BTC) Dogecoin (DOGE) Litecoin (LTC) Kaspa (KAS) POS — Proof Of Stake moderate-high Decentralization: 67% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: The most popular model for consensus. The concept behind this one is straightforward, users lockup/collateralize their tokens in order to participate. In POS models there are fixed circulating supplies meaning that no new tokens are issued as block rewards, the rewards are earned through the accrual of transaction fees. Additionally, unlike POW, POS models employ stake-slashing for any misbehavior; in the event that malicious/subversive behavior is found, that violating node will have ~50% of its stake forfeited to the network for redistribution amongst the fair nodes. Commonly considered to be less secure & more centralized than POW in the sense that incentives of network nodes are similar to legacy financial systems; deeper-pocketed players have a better chance to own the network nodes. Description: Another important element to not overlook in POS is that there in order to become a node there is a minimal requirement of stake. In the example of Ethereum, it is 32 ETH. The tradeoff with this design is that a high level of truthful activity is expected in order to not lose stake; while it does minimize potential accessibility & in turn, decentralization count. Additionally, POS is known to suffer the “rich getting richer” problem, the consensus is rooted primarily in just the amount/value at stake; therefore those who have more, will earn more & not give others a fair chance. Aside from the prior, the truth of why this scores lower on decentralization than POW is resilience against governments. Governments can in theory hunt down these networks & force them to shut down operations; POS is easier to subvert on a mass scale. However, one major benefit of POS over POW is energy efficiency. , , , , , , POS Examples — Ethereum (ETH) Cardano (ADA) Tezos (TEZ) CELO (CELO) Polkadot (DOT) Avalanche (AVAX) ThorChain (RUNE) dPOS — Delegated Proof Of Stake Low Decentralization: ** 67% : Fault Tolerance Securing blockchain history Use case: The most popular adaptation of regular POS; delegated Proof of Stake is an attempt to democratize access to participation in the network’s operations & rewards. Only the largest can partake in the securing process while smaller-sized token holders “delegate” their tokens to the operating nodes; basically, they vote with their tokens, never giving them to the actual node. dPOS consensus models will typically have in the range of 21–101 nodes that are handling network operations. These network operators are selected based on the amount of tokens they have at stake. The largest benefit of the dPOS variant is that by constraining the amount of nodes; while this leads to centralization, it does also bring the added benefit of faster processing times. Description: , , , , dPOS Examples — Polygon (MATIC) , Tron (TRX) EOS (EOS) Lisk (LSK) Ark (ARK) Radix (XRD) LPOS — Leased Proof Of Stake Low - Moderate Decentralization: 67% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: This is an advanced variation of POS. Very similar to the delegated proof of stake model, Leased Proof-of-Stake provides the technical difference in; that in dPOS the network nodes accrue the rewards & then distribute them to their delegators; but in LPOS users are actually lending their tokens to the nodes, thereby they own a portion of that nodes weight & accrue the rewards directly, rather than through the delegate. The tradeoff here is that to run the physical node, a very high level of technical knowledge & equipment is needed. So far this implementation has only been utilized in one project. Description: LPOS Examples — Waves (WAVES) HPOS — Hybrid Proof Of Stake (also called Proof of Activity) Moderate Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: As the name might have hinted out, HPOS is a creative architecture that leverages both base consensus models (POW + POS). In this model, there are two tiers of processes that take place. On the base level, miners (just as in POW) verify & package transactions into blocks. Then these pre-vetted blocks are submitted into the mempool of the second tier, where POS nodes run an extra round of checks on the blocks & validate them. Description: , HPOS Examples — DASH (DASH) Decred (DCR) PPOS — Pure Proof Of Stake Very High* (not really) Decentralization: 67% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: Another variation of POS. Novel in design when compared to other variations because it is arguably more decentralized (not). This variant does not have a punishment mechanism; so technically bad actors can act badly & not suffer. However, this design is extremely low in its barrier to entry, only 1 single token is required to join as a node. In theory, this is easy to game because a single actor can make a silent-Sybil attack by distributing 1,000 tokens over 1,000 different wallets. Description: PPOS Examples — Algorand (ALGO) POI — Proof Of Importance Low-Moderate Decentralization: 67% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: Reputation-based model that is yet another implementation of POS. Difficult to become accepted as a valid node, easy to get kicked out. I must admit, this one is a little more creative in its approach. Proof of importance utilizes two factors outside of just the stake; these include: Description: 1. the staking nodes’ network activity *(rather than just staking passively, they must contribute to the velocity of the token on the network) 2. the quality of the nodes’ activity (spam transactions will not help) POI Examples — NEM (XEM) POA — Proof Of Authority None - very low' Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: Centralization is the name of the game here. POA utilizes a valuable non-financial primitive to operate, identity. By using identity, all of the operating network participants risk their reputations in order to be part of the consensus circle. Anywhere there is identity there is centralization. However, by having small constrained amounts of known operators, networks that use POA have extremely high throughput potential. This is definitely a mechanism that you want underpinning any public goods blockchains, but that hasn’t stopped projects from leveraging it. Description: not POA Examples — VeChain (VET) pBFT — Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Low Decentralization: 67% Fault Tolerance: Developing robustness of a mechanism Use case: A key compositional component for building other consensus mechanisms. Typically found in permissioned networks, pBFT works by leveraging the replication of data throughout nodes. Not the most efficient of models due to inherent communication restraints, but very resilient (obviously tolerance is high in centralized systems, the players only have themselves & their friends to blame). Description: pBFT Examples — Zilliqa (ZIL) {uses a mixture of POW + pBFT} dBFT — Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance Low Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Developing robustness of a mechanism Use case: As is the case with its cousin above (pBFT) delegated Byzantine fault tolerance is a compositional element for the creation of more robust blockchain systems. On its own, the mechanism can be used to support distributed communications, however, they are limited by communication constraints that make dBFT systems centralized by default. Description: dBFT Examples — NEO (NEO) POC — Proof Of Capacity/Commitment Low Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: Unique twist on the POW consensus mechanisms; rather than utilizing processing units to constantly solve problems; proof-of-Capacity leverages disk space/memory. POC plots potential solutions to future problems & stores them in the empty disk space of miners. Not to be confused with a total lack of mining, because mining still takes place; it just happens pre-emptively (which then might bring up potential security risks). Not very effective at large scale due to high sensitivity in the event of a node dropping out, which requires a re-plotting of the whole network & becomes less efficient as more mining nodes join (they require additional plotting which then creates huge backlogs on the computers allocating disk space). Description: , , POC Examples — Storj (STORJ) Chia (XCH) Signum (SIGNA) POH — Proof Of History N/A Decentralization: N/A Fault Tolerance: Timestamping & organization Use case: This is not a standalone protocol to build a blockchain on. POH is used with, you guessed it, POS, as a technique used to timestamp transactions using a VRF (verifiable random function) hashing method that allows for blocks in a blockchain to be processed & submitted into a mempool. This allows for a network to continue operations at maximum capacity regardless of what might be happening with any individual node at a given time. If a node did not submit a block on time that is not going to hinder the production of the next block because the delayed block will be organized into its correct position as soon as possible. Description: POS Examples — Solana (SOL) POET — Proof Of Elapsed Time Nope Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing blockchain history Use case: This is an extremely centralized model for building a network, primarily because it is Intellectual property (IP) that is protected by patents & nobody wants to go to war with Intel. Nevertheless, the design itself is brilliant. POET is yet another model that leverages POS logic with a mixture of the Nakamoto consensus principle of the longest/heaviest chain, along with its own added concepts of an internal timer & “resting”. Miner nodes are selected at random & the same node cannot be selected back to back. Once a node commits a block a random timer is put on the node & it falls “asleep”. While it is asleep it does not use any computational resources; which makes this model greener in terms of electrical consumption than other POS variants. Description: POET Example — HyperLedger Sawtooth POA — Proof Of Access Low Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing Storage & data Use case: An augmented version of POW, Proof-of-Access is an algorithm created by the Arweave project that uses a clever technique to verify incoming blocks. Instead of solely relying on the previous block, miners use something called a “recall block” along with a randomly picked previous block. Recall blocks can be thought of as reliable points in the history of the chain that do not require the storage of all the chain data. This creates a lightweight model for proving data, resulting in more efficient storage capabilities, less computational resource waste & increased throughput. One potential downside of this model is that it prefers older nodes due to their history archives; newer nodes do not have access to the same archived data & will only be downloading the recall blocks. Which in theory creates a hierarchy by age. Description: POA Examples — Arweave (AR) POREP — Proof Of Replication N/A Decentralization: 51% Fault Tolerance: Securing Storage & data + Cloud Computing Use case: This beauty of a model is actually an expansion of a predecessor model in data storage (Proof-of-Space) with a build-out integration of POW that prioritizes the ability of storage space on the network/in the operational node’s disk space. There are elements of the pBFT consensus mechanism in that data that is added into the network, is replicated throughout network miners. The ingenuity of POREP is defined by its ability to combat the decentralized cloud computing industry’s most devious attack vector known as a “generation attack”, whereby a mining node pays to upload a document & then infinitely requests that document, collecting fees for providing the storage of it. Description: POREP Examples — Filecoin (FIL) That is only a small sample of how much incredible work is actually out there. Consensus mechanisms are the crux of a distributed system’s trust. The mechanism dictates the rules/laws by which the system operates. Every choice in a system’s design must be made with extreme scrutiny, applying an improper mechanism to a system will cause cognitive dissonance between the users & network operators; in turn, causing a loss of trust. It is impossible to quantify which mechanism is better than the other; everything is contextual, and everything is subjective. With infinite opportunity ahead of us, Thank you for reading May your journey be incredible & Your portfolio be plentiful 🥂 Also published here.

Mastering Consensus Mechanisms: 15 Powerful Forms of Distributed Agreements in Crypto

Dominio de los mecanismos de consenso: 15 poderosas formas de acuerdos distribuidos en criptomonedas

Maîtriser les mécanismes de consensus : 15 formes puissantes d'accords distribués en crypto

मास्टरिंग सर्वसम्मति तंत्र: क्रिप्टो में वितरित समझौतों के 15 शक्तिशाली रूप

コンセンサスメカニズムをマスターする: 15 の暗号化された分散契約の強力な形式

Dominando Mecanismos de Consenso: 15 Formas Poderosas de Acordos Distribuídos em Criptomoedas

Nắm vững các cơ chế đồng thuận: 15 hình thức thỏa thuận phân tán mạnh mẽ trong tiền điện tử

掌握共识机制：15 种强大的加密分布式协议形式

, the decentralized data lake on a mission to make data a public good, is proud to announce the launch of its mainnet. The highly anticipated Cosmos-based chain went live on Pi Day, at 14:03:14 UTC on March 14th. KYVE Backed by NEAR, Interchain Foundation, Solana, Arweave, and more, the launch of KYVE’s mainnet and token-generation event (TGE) paves the way for developers, node runners, data engineers, and others, providing reliable, free, streamlined access to trustless data. “With KYVE, we aim to make data a public good for a trustless future,” said KYVE Co-Founder and CEO Fabian Riewe. “Anyone working with data shouldn’t have to worry about the data’s integrity or the roadblocks they might face when trying to get to it.” Mainnet Today and What’s Next Mainnet launch has enabled the chain layer of KYVE, AKA the backbone that secures the network with PoS, governance, and maintaining the overall structure. In order to bring forward a well-functioning data-sourcing solution, it's crucial that we first focus on making the chain layer as strong of a base as possible. Once this is settled, we will focus on the protocol layer. Illia Polosukhin, Co-Founder, NEAR Protocol. “Congratulations to KYVE on their mainnet launch, which will make access to reliable decentralized data across Web3 easier for all. NEAR’s focus on ease of use for developers and users with the Blockchain Operating System relies on accessing data from various blockchains, which KYVE provides.” Next steps for KYVE include: Official $KYVE token listing; The launch of the first few pools on KYVE’s data lake; Bringing forward KYVE’s trustless data-sourcing solution for today’s builders. This promotes use cases such as for Sei Network’s ecosystem, bringing off-chain data, like sports results and weather data, on-chain and validating them in a decentralized way to provide builders with trustless Web2 data for their applications. Further token listings and rewards opportunities; New partnerships and use cases, not just in Web3, but connecting to Web2/off-chain as well. Making Data Trustless Together Overall, a lot of hard work, dedication, and support has gone into KYVE, helping it get to where it’s at today. We cannot thank our amazing partners, investors, beta testers, ambassadors, community, and friends enough for all of your support along the way! Chris Zhong, Technical Director, Interchain Foundation. “We’re thrilled to see KYVE officially launch mainnet, bringing forward yet another innovative solution, built on Cosmos SDK, for enhancing today’s developer experience. With KYVE, free and easy access to trustless data is now possible.” Mainnet launch also marks $KYVE’s official TGE, meaning that those who earned $KYVE rewards via our Incentivized Testnet can claim their tokens and get started delegating to chain nodes! You can track inflation and other token parameters directly in our . Docs $KYVE’s official listing will come sooner than you expect. to get caught up on KYVE and prepare for upcoming token listings and rewards, as well as the launch of our decentralized data lake. Visit our Docs About KYVE is revolutionizing customized access to on- and off-chain data by providing fast and easy tooling for decentralized data validation, immutability, and retrieval. Its data lake archives and validates data in a decentralized way, making trustless data easily accessible via solutions like KYVE’s Data Pipeline. KYVE Network The network is powered by decentralized uploaders and validators funded by $KYVE tokens and aims to operate as a DAO following our mainnet launch. This past year KYVE has gained significant support, currently backed by top VCs, including Hypersphere Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, Distributed Global, Mechanism Capital, CMS Holdings, IOSG Ventures, and blockchains such as Arweave, Avalanche, Solana, Interchain, and NEAR. Join KYVE’s community: | | Twitter Discord Telegram Also published . here

KYVE Mainnet Goes Live on Pi Day, Opening The Doors To Truly Trustless Data In Web3

KYVE Mainnet se pone en marcha el día de Pi, abriendo las puertas a datos verdaderamente confiables en Web3

KYVE Mainnet est mis en ligne le jour de Pi, ouvrant les portes à des données véritablement sans confiance dans Web3

KYVE Mainnet Pi Day पर लाइव होता है, Web3 में वास्तव में भरोसेमंद डेटा के लिए दरवाजे खोलता है

KYVE メインネットが Pi Day に稼働し、Web3 で真に信頼できないデータへの扉が開かれます

KYVE Mainnet entra em operação no Pi Day, abrindo as portas para dados verdadeiramente sem confiança na Web3

KYVE Mainnet đi vào hoạt động vào ngày Pi, mở ra cánh cửa cho dữ liệu thực sự không đáng tin cậy trong Web3

KYVE 主网在 Pi Day 上线，为 Web3 中真正去信任的数据打开大门

What is Decentralized Science (DeSci)?

¿Qué es la Ciencia Descentralizada (DeSci)?

Qu'est-ce que la science décentralisée (DeSci) ?

विकेंद्रीकृत विज्ञान (DeSci) क्या है?

分散型科学 (DeSci) とは?

O que é Ciência Descentralizada (DeSci)?

Khoa học phi tập trung (DeSci) là gì?

什么是去中心化科学 (DeSci)？

JavaScript is constantly evolving, and the latest version, ES2022, introduces some exciting new features that can make your coding life easier and more efficient. In this post, we’ll take a look at five must-know features in JavaScript ES2022 that you can start using today to enhance your code and boost your productivity. List of features we are going to discuss: 1. Optional chaining 2. Nullish coalescing 3. Dynamic imports 4. Promise.allSettled 5. String.prototype.matchAll Feature 1: Optional chaining Optional chaining is a new operator that allows you to access an object’s properties without having to check for null or undefined first. This can be especially useful when working with complex data structures, as it allows you to access deeply nested properties without having to worry about intermediate values being null or undefined. Here’s an example of how optional chaining works: Copy code
const data = {
  user: {
    name: 'John',
    age: 30,
    address: {
      street: '123 Main St',
      city: 'New York',
      state: 'NY',
      zip: 10001
    }
  }
};
// Without optional chaining
let zip;
if (data && data.user && data.user.address && data.user.address.zip) {
  zip = data.user.address.zip;
}
// With optional chaining
const zip = data?.user?.address?.zip; As you can see, optional chaining allows you to access nested properties without having to write long, nested if statements. This can make your code cleaner and easier to read. Feature 2: Nullish coalescing Nullish coalescing is another new operator that allows you to specify a default value for a variable if it’s null or undefined. This can be useful when working with variables that might be falsy (e.g., 0, “”, false), as the nullish coalescing operator only returns the default value if the variable is strictly null or undefined. Here’s an example of how nullish coalescing works: const data = {
  user: {
    name: 'John',
    age: 30,
    address: {
      street: '123 Main St',
      city: 'New York',
      state: 'NY',
      zip: 10001
    }
  }
};

// Without nullish coalescing
let zip;
if (data && data.user && data.user.address && data.user.address.zip) {
  zip = data.user.address.zip;
} else {
  zip = 0;
}

// With nullish coalescing
const zip = data?.user?.address?.zip ?? 0; As you can see, nullish coalescing allows you to specify a default value in a concise and easy-to-read way. Feature 3: Dynamic imports Dynamic imports allow you to load JavaScript modules asynchronously, which can be useful when you only need to load certain modules on demand. This can improve the performance of your application by reducing the amount of code that needs to be downloaded and parsed by the browser. Here’s an example of how dynamic imports work: // Without dynamic imports
import MyModule from './my-module';

// With dynamic imports
const MyModule = await import('./my-module'); Feature 4: Promise.allSettled Promise.allSettled is a new method that allows you to wait for a group of Promises to either resolve or reject. This can be useful when you want to handle the results of multiple Promises at the same time, regardless of whether they resolve or reject. Here’s an example of how Promise.allSettled works: const promise1 = Promise.resolve(1);
const promise2 = Promise.reject(new Error('Error'));
const promise3 = Promise.resolve(3);
Promise.allSettled([promise1, promise2, promise3]).then(results => {
  results.forEach(result => {
    if (result.status === 'fulfilled') {
      console.log(result.value);
    } else {
      console.error(result.reason);
    }
  });
});
// Output: 1, Error: Error, 3 As you can see, Promise.allSettled allows you to handle the results of multiple Promises in a single callback, making it easier to manage asynchronous code. Instead of waiting for all Promises to resolve or rejecting as soon as any of the Promises reject, Promise.allSettled waits for all Promises to settle (i.e., either resolve or reject) before running the callback. This can be useful if you want to handle the results of all Promises, regardless of whether they resolve or reject. Feature 5: String.prototype.matchAll String.prototype.matchAll is a new method that allows you to find all matches of a regular expression in a string, rather than just the first match. This can be useful when you need to extract multiple pieces of data from a string, or when you want to perform more advanced string manipulation. Here’s an example of how String.prototype.matchAll works: const str = 'Hello World';
const regex = /l/g;

// Without String.prototype.matchAll
const matches = str.match(regex);

// With String.prototype.matchAll
const matches = [...str.matchAll(regex)];
console.log(matches); // ['l', 'l'] As you can see, String.prototype.matchAll allows you to find all matches of a regular expression in a string, making it easier to extract multiple pieces of data from a string. Best practices for using these new features Now that we’ve covered the new features in JavaScript ES2022, let’s talk about some best practices for using them. First and foremost, it’s important to keep in mind that not all of these features are fully supported in all browsers. Therefore, you should check the browser compatibility of each feature before using it in your projects. Additionally, it’s a good idea to use these features sparingly and only when they provide a clear benefit. While they can be useful in certain situations, they can also make your code more complex and harder to understand if used excessively. Finally, be sure to test your code thoroughly after using these new features to ensure that everything is working as expected. By following these best practices, you can take full advantage of the new features in JavaScript ES2022 while avoiding any potential pitfalls. Want to connect? DM me on twitter @ pateldeep_eth or Linkedin Also, Read How to Find Length of String in Solidity — From the Smart Contract of “ens” Permanent File Storage for Web3 Apps With Arweave, Bundlr, Next.js, RainbowKit, and Wagmi Also Published Here

5 Exciting New JavaScript Features You Can Use Today

Lead image: A crypto skill tree prototype via The Graph Dear HackerNoon Nation, In some of my past posts, I’ve riffed on the idea of the “NFT skill tree.” It’s all the skill sets you can learn from advancing through all the main categories of NFT activity right now. I thought it’d be neat to map the branches of what a contemporary NFT skill tree could look like, so for today’s post I’ve come up with 21 main areas of interest as developed from Alex Gedevani’s excellent . NFT Verticals spreadsheet Can you max out your skill tree? You hardly have to — even just gaining competency in these branches will position you well as NFTs become more important in the years ahead. half All that said, let’s walk through what these 21 main skill branches are and some of the main projects you can explore in each of them! -WMP 1. Analytics provide easy-to-use interfaces for discovering actionable NFT insights, like mispriced listings, and for understanding NFT activity flows, like trade volume metrics. NFT analytics resources Examples of skills to learn: Comparing 24 Hour, 7 Day, and 30 Day floor price stats for major collections on Flips Setting up custom mint alerts for your browser on icy.tools Reading the Lucky Listings UI to find mispriced NFTs on Lucky Trader Reviewing a specific wallet’s history using the NFT Wallet Profiler on Nansen Studying what specific NFT communities are collecting at any given time on Watchtower 2. Art https://twitter.com/reneil1337/status/1591030719148888069?s=20&t=Z1OAWrD0nmgDfv2va5rBDw?embedable=true now make up a major part of the NFT ecosystem. These projects provide infrastructure that make it easier for artists to mint and share their works with a growing global community of digital collectors. Artist-focused platforms Examples of skills to learn: Collecting digital art you enjoy on art platforms like , , and Art Blocks Foundation SuperRare Generating art for large collections via (Blueprints) or Async Art Bueno Minting your own 1/1 or editioned artworks with or Manifold Zora 3. Borrowing / Lending let borrowers get fixed-period loans against their NFTs while letting lenders earn yield or liquidated NFTs. At the crossroads of DeFi and NFTs, these sorts of projects have seen an explosion of interest in recent times. NFT borrowing and lending protocols Examples of skills to learn: Collateralizing an NFT to field loan offers on NFTfi Depositing ETH into the reserve pool to earn yield on BendDAO Making a lending offer on or Arcade Sodium 4. Community Resources are projects that help streamline activities like community discovery and community management. Community resources Examples of skills to learn: Automating membership management for your NFT community with Guild Customizing a community treasury on Juicebox Discovering the actions, like votes or mints, your wallet can do via Daylight Setting up a token-gated forum for your NFT community with Collective Preparing an allowlist on Premint 5. Content Collectives are decentralized groups that coordinate creatively to propagate a brand, story, or narrative universe. For instance, Nouns DAO members vote on how the project’s treasury should be used to support “Nounish” brand efforts. Content collectives Examples of skills to learn: Submitting a proposal to create Nounish content for Nouns DAO via Prop House 6. Curation help artists, collectors, curators, and casual users alike organize NFTs into galleries for events, scholarship efforts, and beyond. In elevating NFTs beyond merely financial concerns, curation generates cultural value for NFTs. Curation platforms and protocols Examples of skills to learn: Curating an exhibition of your favorite NFTs via , , or (Disclosure: I contribute to JPG!) Deca Gallery JPG 7. Gaming in the NFT ecosystem use NFTs to facilitate asset ownership and in-game economies. While the main goal of any game is to be fun, many NFT games offer novel play-to-earn possibilities, too. Gaming projects Examples of skills to learn: Battling Axies in Axie Infinity Managing and competing with sports lineups in Sorare 8. Discovery make it easy for users to quickly discover notable NFT happenings or information. Getting a feel for these tools will help you better navigate the on-chain landscape. Discovery projects Examples of skills to learn: Creating a domain name for your wallet with ENS Finding trending mints with mint.fun Making web3-friendly search queries with Drifty Tracking trending sales on Context 9. Display https://twitter.com/guywalkin/status/1588629297157509120?s=20&t=EYLT1PCmscsOJpp9pdEjVQ?embedable=true help NFT owners and exhibitors showcase NFTs in physical settings. Display projects Examples of skills to learn: Printing your NFT into physical form with or Infinite Objects Tokenframe 10. Liquidity help NFT traders access decentralized liquid markets around otherwise illiquid NFTs. Liquidity protocols Examples of skills to learn: Creating a new liquidity pool on sudoswap Swapping like-kind NFTs on NFTX 11. Marketplaces are online stores where people can buy and sell NFTs. Marketplaces can be standalone operations, like Nifty Gateway, or aggregator platforms that make it possible to trade across multiple NFT marketplaces at once, like Gem. Marketplaces Examples of skills to learn: Bidding on NFTs with WETH on large marketplaces like or OpenSea Nifty Gateway Sweeping multiple NFTs at once across multiple platforms using aggregators like , , , , or Blur Gem Genie LooksRare Rarible 12. Metadata storage provide streamlined UIs for creators and to maintain their NFT metadata on decentralized storage solutions like Arweave, IPFS, or Filecoin. Since the metadata of many NFT projects are maintained off-chain, the importance of long-term metadata security cannot be understated. Metadata storage platforms Examples of skills to learn: Uploading the metadata of your NFT collection through services like or NFT Storage Pinata 13. Metaverse in the NFT ecosystem use NFTs to facilitate the ownership of virtual land and in-world assets, thus bringing digital experiences to life. Metaverse projects Examples of skills to learn: Browsing digital art in and oncyber galleries MOCA ROOMs Creating your own virtual environments with Webaverse Exploring Origin City in Voxels Playing poker in Decentraland 14. Multiplayer Crypto https://twitter.com/prtyDAO/status/1587860052236537856?s=20&t=x7h2QXBUugnWQYnyOkNzGg?embedable=true make it easy for groups of friends and/or strangers to collectively own and use NFTs together. Multiplayer crypto projects Examples of skills to learn: Starting an NFT collector party on PartyBid 15. Music help musicians connect with their fans in new ways via 1/1 or editioned collectible music releases. This scene is beginning to seriously bloom, which bodes well for the future of independent music! Music NFT platforms Examples of skills to learn: Creating your own song using the digital audio workstation (DAW) system on Arpeggi Developing custom playlists with Spinamp Collecting collectible songs on or Catalog Sound 16. NFTfi , a sector situated at the crossroads of NFTs and DeFi, facilitates complex NFT-based financial services in decentralized fashion, like on-chain NFT derivatives. NFTfi Examples of skills to learn: Creating an NFT call option on Hook Depositing WETH to the capital vault on MetaStreet Generating an on-chain credit score via Spectral 17. Portfolio Management help NFT collectors create one-stop hubs for tracking their holdings, increasingly across multiple chains like Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Optimism. Portfolio management projects Examples of skills to learn: Setting up your address books on platforms like , , or DeBank Zapper Zerion 18. Pricing https://twitter.com/deepnftvaluebot/status/1592644114172055552?s=20&t=8mLKjw4htKo9jAiQifsaoP-KlBAd62dqGKE3ZS55gSo?embedable=true are centered around helping NFT collectors and traders appraise their holdings. The pricing scene is very early but some promising efforts have started coming to fruition. Pricing projects Examples of skills to learn: Reviewing NFT valuations through or DeepNFTValue Upshot 19. Protection help NFT creators or owners ensure the safety of their NFTs for the long term. Protection projects Examples of skills to learn: Backing up the metadata of your off-chain NFTs with ClubNFT Testing the quality of your NFT drop beforehand using StealthTest on nameless 20. Rentals help people rent out, or pay to rent, NFTs. Rental platforms Examples of skills to learn: Renting a digital collectible on reNFT 21. Wallets https://twitter.com/gnosisSafe/status/1552230422494343170?s=20&t=O3v6KnhYwfebvhCUaItkyA?embedable=true allow people to streamline the process of self-custodying their NFTs. Wallets can come in various forms, like mobile apps or multi-signature vaults. Wallet projects Examples of skills to learn: Creating an NFT vault for long-term security with Safe Setting up a burner wallet for free mints via Rainbow Action steps ⛹ Practice activities in the where you want to level up your abilities branches of the NFT skill tree 🔑 Read my latest Bankless tactic because ! How to take custody of your crypto keys not your keys, not your crypto Author Bio is a professional writer and creator of —a Bankless newsletter focused on the emergence of NFTs in the cryptoeconomy. He’s also recently been contributing content to Bankless, JPG, and beyond! William M. Peaster Metaversal

An Essential Guide to the NFT Skill Tree

Una guía esencial para el árbol de habilidades NFT

Un guide essentiel de l'arbre de compétences NFT

एनएफटी स्किल ट्री के लिए एक आवश्यक गाइड

NFT スキル ツリーの基本ガイド

Um guia essencial para a árvore de habilidades NFT

Hướng dẫn cơ bản về cây kỹ năng NFT

NFT 技能树的基本指南

Flashbots can be real lifesavers sometimes. Let’s look at a real-life event One of our wallets had been hacked some time back, and all the Ether in that wallet was taken out. It was an issue but the bigger issue was that this wallet was the owner of a contract we deployed and it still had the ownership, but it didn’t have any Ether left, so we couldn’t transfer the Ownership to another wallet as we couldn’t pay for gas fees. Well, just load the wallet with some Ether and transfer the tokens. It’s so easy, right? Well not really! There was a high probability that the person who hacked the wallet had set up a bot that would immediately take out all the assets transferred to the wallet. So, if we transfered any Ether to the wallet, there was a high probability that it would be taken out immediately. What’s the solution then? It’s simple. We needed to transfer some Ether to the wallet and transfer the ownership of the contract before the bot that was set up by the hacker could perform any action. It had to be fast and  this meant it had to be done in a single block Could we do it manually? , that’s when the Flashbots come to rescue Noooo Let’s understand some terms first Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) represents excess value captured by miners (or validators) from users in a cryptocurrency network. This excess value often comes from reordering user'’ transactions to maximize fees or inserting new transactions that allow a miner to front-run users’ transactions. More: Maximal extractable value (MEV) | ethereum.org Flashbots Flash boats refer to automated programs that use high-speed communication and data processing technologies to execute trades on decentralized exchanges (DEXs) or other types of blockchain-based trading platforms. Like traditional flash bots, these programs use algorithms to analyze market data and identify trading opportunities in real-time. They can make trades based on a wide range of factors, such as changes in the prices of various cryptocurrencies or tokens, news events, and changes in market liquidity. Back to the problem For this article, I’ve tried to replicate a similar scenario to the one described earlier. We have a wallet that has been hacked, the hacker has taken out all the Eth from that wallet, but that wallet still has some ERC20 tokens left inside it, we want to take these tokens out and transfer them to another wallet. Let’s see the code You can clone the starter code from this . First of all, set the environment variables Repo TOKENS=Address of ERC20 token which we need to takeout of that wallet  
RESCUER=Private key of wallet in which we want to transfer those tokens
HACKED_WALLET=Private key of wallet that has been hacked Let’s define some constants first const provider = new providers.JsonRpcProvider('<https://rpc.ankr.com/eth_goerli>')
const authSigner = Wallet.createRandom()
const flashbotProvider = await FlashbotsBundleProvider.create(
        provider,
        authSigner,
        FLASHBOTS_URL
    )
const rescuer = new Wallet(RESCUER).connect(provider)
const hackedWallet = new Wallet(HACKED_WALLET).connect(provider) We have created all the signers we need, and we are using Ankr as the RPC providers. We will be using a method from called . flashbotProvider sendBundle This method takes an array of Transactions that we want to perform in a single block, and as a second argument, it takes the number of blocks in which we want to include the transactions. Cool? Alright. Let’s get the current block number first. provider.on('block', async (blockNo) => {
	const targetBlock = blockNo + 1;
}) Out target block is the next block that is to be produced. And now let’s use the method sendBundle const resp = await flashbotProvider.sendBundle([
            {
                signer: rescuer,
                transaction: {
                    chainId: 5,
                    type: 2,
                    to: hackedWallet.address,
                    value: utils.parseEther('0.01'),
                    maxFeePerGas: utils.parseUnits('20', 'gwei'),
                    maxPriorityFeePerGas: utils.parseUnits('13', 'gwei')
                }
            },
            {
                signer: hackedWallet,
                transaction: {
                    chainId: 5,
                    type: 2,
                    to: TOKENS,
                    gasLimit: '70000',
                    data: iface.encodeFunctionData("transfer", [
                        rescuer.address,
                        utils.parseEther('200')
                    ]),
                    maxFeePerGas: utils.parseUnits('20', 'gwei'),
                    maxPriorityFeePerGas: utils.parseUnits('13', 'gwei')
                }
            }
        ], targetBlock) Basically, we will be performing two transactions We need to transfer some Ether to the wallet that has been hacked to provide it with the gas fees that will be used to transfer the ERC20 tokens to the rescuer wallet. We now call the transfer function from the ERC20 contract using the signer of the hacked wallet and transfer all the tokens to the rescuer wallet. These transactions can be anything Like transfer, an NFT, Transfer Ownership of a contract, call any contract method. And that’s it. Also published here. Want to connect? DM me on twitter @ or pateldeep_eth Linkedin Want to explore more examples? https://github.com/flashbots/searcher-sponsored-tx Also, Read How to Find Length of String in Solidity — From the Smart Contract of “ens” Permanent File Storage for Web3 Apps With Arweave, Bundlr, Next.js, RainbowKit, and Wagmi How to develop and deploy smart contracts with Foundry & Openzeppelin

Using Flash Bots to Rescue Assets from a Compromised Wallet

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