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Shares of Vodafone Idea rallied over 5 percent on October 11, extending gains from the previous session. The 7 percent rise in two days came after the company moved the Supreme Court regarding ...

Vodafone Idea stays in green with 5% rally after SC nod to hear plea on AGR dues

Vodafone Idea shares gained 2.2 percent in trade on October 10. The telecommunications player filed a curative petition in the Supreme Court, regarding its Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR), with the ...

Vodafone Idea stock up 2% as Supreme Court agrees to hear AGR dues plea

(Bloomberg) -- When President Xi Jinping first assembled world leaders to map out his vision for expanding Chinese soft power via a web of infrastructure investment in 2017, he called the Belt and ...

Xi’s $1 Trillion ‘Project of the Century’ Gets a Reality Check

The Texas Rangers defeated the Houston Astros 2-0 on Sunday night in Game 1 of the American League Championship Series. The Rangers now lead the best-of-seven series by a 1-0 margin. The winner ...

Rangers vs. Astros score, highlights: What we learned as Jordan Montgomery outduels Justin Verlander in Game 1

Jack Burroughs' own goal handed Burton their third win in succession at the expense of 10-man Lincoln at Sincil Bank. Daniel Mandroiu was sent off 10 minutes after half-time for a rash tackle on ...

Lincoln City 0-1 Burton Albion

1 dead, 2 injured when car goes over cliff along Highway 1 in Pescadero 00:50 One person was killed and two others injured after their vehicle plunged off a cliff along Highway 1 at Pescadero ...

Vehicle plunges off cliff along Highway 1 in Pescadero; 1 dead, 2 injured

The GEE Group provides specialized staffing solutions for organizations and has been doing so in some capacity since 1893. Within its broad portfolio, it covers healthcare, commercial, and professional staffing opportunities. The company controls several ...

The 8 Best Stocks Under $1 with Potential for October 2023!

Franklin Resources, Inc. BEN reported a preliminary asset under management (AUM) balance of $1.37 trillion for September 2023. This reflects a 3.3% decrease from the $1.42 trillion recorded as of ...

Franklin's (BEN) September AUM Declines 3.3% on Weaker Markets

Avangrid's stock has declined over 33% in the past 16+ months due to missed earnings projections and rising US bond yields. The company's dividend yield is currently 5.84%, which may attract long ...

Avangrid: Dividend Should Be Suspended To Protect Cash

A curative petition can be filed before the Supreme Court after a review petition following a final order is dismissed. The Supreme Court on Monday agreed to hear curative petitions filed by ...

SC agrees to hear telcos curative plea on AGR dues in open court

HackerNoon Reporter: Please tell us briefly about your background. I’ve had first-hand insight into how broken the global food supply chain is having left school and trained as a chef. After that, I spent close to a decade in the food and beverage industry - working in the Uk, Australia, Spain, and on cruise ships. What's your startup called? And in a sentence or two, what does it do? AGR1 (Agricultural Growing Revolutionised, farm to plate in 1 day) is a state of the art hydroponic farming company, that specialises in low land, natural light hydroponics, growing produce that’s Nakd of chemicals/pesticides then delivering to kitchens within hours of harvest, in reusable containers that are the same size as that which kitchens are already using making our brand ‘Nakd Produce’ the most sustainable and freshest there is in the market. What is the origin story? After years of being in F&B, a short time in finance in Moscow then Hong Kong, my son Henry Xander Harrison was born in 2014. That night when holding him, I realised I had to change who I was, my priorities, and what I did. A month later I was shown hydroponics, after a couple of years working for companies that claimed to be about making a better world, I realised that there aren’t any who I believe are doing it right. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? the diversity of experience, knowledge, and the commitment to making AGR1 and Nakd a success. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? Why talk about hypotheticals? At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your core metrics? Growing the best produce, having happy customers. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? We’re the first people to do hydroponics in Johor. Our produce is served daily to the royal family. Our customers love our produce and boxing system. What technologies are you currently most excited about, and most worried about? And why? Most excited about the development of the hydroponic and start ag industry. Most worried would have to be drone dogs…. Because Drone dogs!! Along with robot-controlled farms(we need jobs for people! Not robots. What drew you to get published on HackerNoon? What do you like most about our platform? We need to get attention for what we’re doing. You guys have a cool setup. What advice would you give to the 21-year-old version of yourself? I wouldn’t, I’ve lived, made mistakes, now I have a son and a mission. What is something surprising you've learned this year that your contemporaries would benefit from knowing? Not as many people genuinely care about food security as they should, especially the people in positions of power to make an impact now before it’s too late. Vote for AGR1 for Johor Bahru. Startup of the Year

Startup Interview: "Not as many people genuinely care about food security as they should"

In 2021, hosted the first-ever awards!! HackerNoon Startup of the Year The goal of this campaign was to give recognition to the hardworking startups who pulled through the pandemic -- growing and thriving (despite all of the challenges). More than 44,000 startups were nominated all across the globe! They were selected from over 4,553 cities, with a total number of * cough * “4 billion” votes. Insane, right? To see who is a winner in each respective city, visit and pick a city. The name at the top of the list is the winner. (Compromised awards are under review. Cities with tie votes will be updated to have two winners!) startups.hackernoon.com The will announce the winners per region in their respective cities. Startups Winners Announcement series Here are the winners in the : Asia region Top Startup Cities in East Asia Seoul The Startup of the Year in is with 377 votes! Seoul dable Central is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 121 votes. UpNow Central Sheung Wan came out as the Startup of the Year in with 154 votes. Votee Sheung Wan Tokyo The Startup of the Year in is with 41 votes! Tokyo ACES Wan Chai The Startup of the Year in is with 54 votes! Wan Chai Zetl Osaka, Japan In , is the winner! Osaka Nanophoton Taiwan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Tico Taiwan Dongcheng, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dongcheng Waiju Taipei came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Tico Taipei Akasaka In , is the winner! Akasaka WAKUWAKU Chuo In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Chuo GO-NET Ginza came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Netyear Ginza Kanazawa In , is the winner! Kanazawa Granzella Minami-aoyama In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Minami-aoyama Tokyo6 Entertainment Shibuya came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Hupro Japan Shibuya Toranomon In , is the winner! Toranomon Small Worlds Toshima In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Toshima Altplus Guangzhou, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Leyaoyao Guangzhou Hong Kong, Hong Kong In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Hong Kong Episode Six Kunming In , is the winner! Kunming Green A Sapporo In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Sapporo Polar Star Space Shirokanedai came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Nupp1 Shirokanedai Wuhan In , is the winner! Wuhan CSICEE Baoan, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Baoan Jumper Baoshan, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Baoshan Renren Games Chengdu, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Ju You Xi Chengdu Fujisawa, Japan In , is the winner! Fujisawa Scohia Pharma Fukuoka, Japan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Fukuoka Kyulux Haidian, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! 51vv Haidian Hongkou, China In , is the winner! Hongkou Kidstone Jiading, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Jiading IMRobotic Kawasaki, Japan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! QD Laser, Inc. Kawasaki Kyoto, Japan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kyoto Hacarus Minato, Japan In , is the winner! Minato Visionary Fun Nagoya, Japan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Prodrone Nagoya Ningbo, China The winner in is . Ningbo OlymTech Corporation Aomori In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Aomori Forte Japan Bandai-cho In , is the winner. Bandai-cho Delta-Fly Pharm Changchun In , the Startup of the Year is . Changchun Kaidi Animation Fuchu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Fuchu TMS Fukuoka-shi The winner in is . Fukuoka-shi SkyDisc Fukushima In , the Startup of the Year is . Fukushima Matsuri Technologies Gotanda In , is the winner. Gotanda Basset Hachioji In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Hachioji Adriakaim Harbin The winner in is J . Harbin oining Technology Iwaki In , is the winner. Iwaki Tao Engineering Izumo In , the Startup of the Year is . Izumo PuREC Kagoshima In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kagoshima Farmers Support Kamakura In , the Startup of the Year is . Kamakura KAYAC Kami-meguro The winner in is . Kami-meguro Buzzreach Kanagawa In , is the winner. Kanagawa LoiLo Kashiwa In , the Startup of the Year is . Kashiwa Intelligent Surfaces Kita In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kita Ax Robotix Kobe The winner in is . Kobe Coconomi Koriyama In , the Startup of the Year is . Koriyama Tocoton Kumamoto In , is the winner. Kumamoto Bloom Technology Kunitachi In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kunitachi Trys Liaocheng The winner in is . Liaocheng Jinzheng Animation Minami In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Minami ATLAB Miyazaki In , is the winner. Miyazaki Caster Nagano In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Nagano Precision Forestry Nagaoka The winner in is . Nagaoka Plant Form Nihombashi-hamacho In , the Startup of the Year is . Nihombashi-hamacho Shizen Energy Niigata In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Niigata UniBio Japan Nishi-shinagawa In , is the winner. Nishi-shinagawa Play Heart Okayama In , is the winner! Okayama Arch Farm Okinawa In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Okinawa BlogNinja Otemachi In , the Startup of the Year is . Otemachi beBit, Inc Qingdao Shi In , is the winner! Qingdao Shi Manyoubang Quanzhou In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Quanzhou KungFu Animation Group Roppongi The winner in is . Roppongi Holo-X Saitama In , the Startup of the Year is . Saitama GameTector Sendai In , is the winner! Sendai Sendai Smart Machines Setagaya In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Setagaya Skyestate Shenzhen In , the Startup of the Year is . Shenzhen Aiator Shinjuku In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Shinjuku Scalar Shizuoka In , is the winner! Shizuoka PiPhotonics Sumida The winner in is . Sumida Holotch Tachikawa In , the Startup of the Year is . Tachikawa PlusOne Takamatsu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Takamatsu Ken Robotec Tokushima In , is the winner! Tokushima DennoKotsu Toyonaka In , the Startup of the Year is . Toyonaka FISH BIOTECH Tsukuba In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Tsukuba WARPSPACE Wakayama In , the Startup of the Year is . Wakayama 4D Sensor Xiangzhou In , is the winner! Xiangzhou ALLiN Edutech Group Xianyang The winner in is . Xianyang TONLY Xiaoshan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Xiaoshan GONGHUI Yamaguchi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yamaguchi Archis Yangpu The winner in is . Yangpu Tmxmall Yau Tsim Mong In , is the winner! Yau Tsim Mong Airnugget Yeoksamdong In , the Startup of the Year is . Yeoksamdong WizSchool Yichang In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Yichang Hubei Kento Electronic Yokohama In , is the winner! Yokohama Next Innovation Yubei In , the Startup of the Year is . Yubei Ophiux Network Yueqing The winner in is . Yueqing Yueqing Easythink Media Zhuhai In , is the winner! Zhuhai Aijuba Hongo In , the Startup of the Year is . Hongo Smile Robotics, Inc Admiralty In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Admiralty BUNCH Southern In , the Startup of the Year is . Southern Retykle Yongdungpo In , is the winner! Yongdungpo Push News Taichung In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Taichung Wondercise Cyberport, Hong Kong In , the Startup of the Year is . Cyberport Animoca Brands Hefei, China In , is the winner! Hefei Tsinglink New Territories, Hong Kong The winner in is . New Territories, Hong Kong Zeek Dezhou In , the Startup of the Year is . Dezhou Dezhou Baji Kitakyushu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kitakyushu Reif Seongnam In , is the winner! Seongnam EOFlow Yanshi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yanshi CASI Vision Top Startup Cities in South Asia Hyderabad, India The Startup of the Year in is with 962 votes Hyderabad Quixy Lahore, Pakistan is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 186 votes. SmartWindows Lahore Bangalore, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 210 votes! Bangalore vBridge Hub Pune, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 129 votes! InfraCloud Pune Jaipur, India The Startup of the Year in is with 166 votes Jaipur Emizen Tech Lucknow, India is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 279 votes. Keeros Superfoods Lucknow Noida, India came out as the Startup of the Year in with 156 votes! Bagisto Noida Mumbai, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 96 votes! Mumbai Sequretek Sylhet couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 122 votes! DataXpie Sylhet Mylapore, India In , is the winner! Mylapore Yalimart Goa, India In , the Startup of the Year is Goa Filter Coffee Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Delhi EkAnek Networks Karachi, Pakistan The winner in is Karachi Bykea Ahmedabad, India In , is the winner Ahmedabad MageComp Dhaka, Bangladesh The winner in is Dhaka SOLshare Islamabad, Pakistan In Islamabad, is declared the Startup of the Year! TAG Gurgaon, India In , the Startup of the Year is Gurgaon ixigo Bengaluru, India In , is the winner! Bengaluru Prakshep Private Limited Haryana, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in ! Footprints Childcare Haryana Kolkata, India In , is the winner! Kolkata Wow! Momo New Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! New Delhi Rusk Media Indore, India The winner in is Indore Chattar Patar Kormangala In , is the winner Kormangala Sanctum Technologies Ghaziabad came out as the Startup of the Year in Craftfurnish.com Ghaziabad! Mohali In , the Startup of the Year is Mohali DataKund Mysore The Startup of the Year in is Mysore Excelsoft Karnal came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Dunar Karnal Kolhapur In , is the winner! Kolhapur Zanvar Group Patiya In , the Startup of the Year is Patiya Kloud Project Kathmandu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kathmandu Vairav Technology Bangalore City, India In is the winner! Bangalore City, PagarBook Ernakulam The winner in is Ernakulam Epixel Solutions Colombo, Sri Lanka couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in MAs Foods Colombo Andheri, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Andheri DoorMint Kanpur, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! ServiceWalaa Kanpur Faisalabad In , is the winner! Faisalabad DigiKhata Nasik The Startup of the Year in is Nasik Sahyadri Farms Patna came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Asvin Tech Patna Chennai, India In , is the winner! Chennai Agnikul Cosmos Faridabad, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Faridabad UClean Panjim, India The winner in is Panjim TempoGO Ranchi, India In , is the winner Ranchi Osam Dairy Surat, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Surat Wishbook Thane, India In , is the winner! Thane Delight Foods Trivandrum, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! GenRobotic Trivandrum Vijayawada, India In , the Startup of the Year is Vijayawada Eruvaka Technologies Visakhapatnam, India In , Ltd is declared the Startup of the Year! Visakhapatnam Greenline Labs Pvt Ahmadabad In , is the winner! Ahmadabad KiwiQA Services Bandra came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Car Club Bandra Bombay In , is the winner! Bombay Locobuddy Mobile Technology (Sportobuddy) Cochin In , the Startup of the Year is Cochin Tuttifrutti Interactive Gandhinagar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Gandhinagar Kroop AI Guwahati In , the Startup of the Year is Guwahati GNRC Hospitals Jamshedpur In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Jamshedpur Intelliber Kabul The winner in is Kabul Miracle Shop (Vocinno Technology) Karur In , is the winner Karur Karur Vysya Bank Kochi The winner in is Kochi BestDoc Kozhikode In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kozhikode OfficeKit HR Ludhiana In , the Startup of the Year is Ludhiana Trendy Beat Network Madhapur In , is the winner! Madhapur Head Digital Works Mangalore When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Mangalore Hangyo Nagpur came out as the Startup of the Year in ! UPrudence Agro Nagpur Rawalpindi The Startup of the Year in is Rawalpindi Pro Options Marketing Rishikesh came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Descatuk Rishikesh Secunderabad couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in Prakriti Biosystems Engineering Secunderabad Tirupur In , is the winner! Tirupur Tubeknit Fashions Udupi The winner in is Udupi Krishitantra Top Startup Cities in Southeast Asia Singapore, Singapore The Startup of the Year in is with 6556 votes! Singapore Cake DeFi Hanoi, Vietnam is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 683 votes. DeFi For You Hanoi Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia came out as the Startup of the Year in with 109 votes! Trambellir Kuala Lumpur Pasig, Philippines When it comes to , . is the Startup of the Year with 110 votes! Pasig Quickreach Inc Bangkok, Thailand couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 60 votes! Perception Codes Bangkok Johor Bahru In , the Startup of the Year is . Johor Bahru AGR1 Bandung, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Bandung Prosa Portugal The winner in is . Portugal SCEMAI Tangerang, Indonesia In , is the winner Tangerang Yummy Corp Jakarta, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Tokocrypto Dki Jakarta, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dki Jakarta Limakilo Bangkok Metropolis In , is the winner! Bangkok Meticuly Medan The winner in is ! Medan DIKA Manila, Philippines In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Manila PawnHero Phnom Penh, Cambodia In , the Startup of the Year is Phnom Penh vKirirom Bali In , is the winner! Bali Radius App Penang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Penang EasyParcel Surabaya came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Super Surabaya Setiabudi, Indonesia The Startup of the Year in is Setiabudi Chilibeli Cebu City came out as the Startup of the Year in MiCab Cebu City! Jawa couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in DAUR Jawa Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam In , is the winner! Ho Chi Minh City Pharmacity Selangor, Malaysia is the Startup of the Year! BabyDash Selangor Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Pusat StickEarn Semarang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Semarang Food Bear Petaling Jaya, Malaysia The winner in is . Petaling Jaya Deemples Kebayoran Baru, Indonesia couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Yogrt Kebayoran Baru Kuningan The winner in is . Kuningan Prinzio Bukit Merah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! DC Alliance Bukit Merah Huai Khwang In , the Startup of the Year is . Huai Khwang AppMan Co.,Ltd Kuta In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kuta Gringgo Mandaluyong came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! Work Inspire Mandaluyong Midview City In , is the winner! Midview City BioMers Phuket The Startup of the Year in is ! Phuket Sapahn Yangon, Myanmar The winner in is . Yangon Wave Money Denpasar When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Denpasar Revasi Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand The winner in is . Nakhon Ratchasima Siam Lottery co., Ltd Taguig, Philippines In , is the winner! Taguig PayMongo Bogor came out as the Startup of the Year in ! TIRANYX Bogor Senai, Malaysia won as the Startup of the Year. Nutrition Technologies Senai Bekasi Kota couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! 8villages Bekasi Kota Top Startup Cities in Middle East Tel Aviv, Israel The Startup of the Year in is with 1,065 votes! Tel Aviv hyro Beirut, Lebanon is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 1,276 votes. Hovi Digital Lab Beirut Riyadh, Saudi Arabia With 350 votes, came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Flicron Riyadh Tel Aviv-yafo, Israel When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 167 votes! Tel Aviv-yafo Cymbio Haifa, Israel couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 183 votes! Pico Haifa Amman, Jordan In , with 141 votes, is the winner! Amman Edexy Dubai, United Arab Emirates In , the Startup of the Year is with 74 votes. Dubai Ziina Doha, Qatar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Doha SkipCash Tehran, Iran The winner in is . BeyondBoard AR Tehran Jerusalem, Israel In , is the winner! Jerusalem SolidBlock Rishon Le Zion The Startup of the Year in is ! Rishon Le Zion Passparto Ness Ziona, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Soapy Ness Ziona Kuwait, Kuwait came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Brapper Shop Kuwait Manama, Bahrain couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Doctori Manama Lod, Israel is the winner in ! Phinergy Lod Agudat Israel, Israel When it comes to is the Startup of the Year with [vote ] votes! Agudat Israel, Aqaurius Engines Beersheba, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Beersheba Visual Estate Ltd Giv'atayim, Israel In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Giv'atayim WSC Sports Modi'in, Israel The winner in is . Modi'in Loginno Nazareth, Israel In , is the winner! Nazareth AR Guide In Medical Ramat Gan, Israel The Startup of the Year in is . Ramat Gan Datos Health Baghdad When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Baghdad Mishwar Khobar In , the Startup of the Year is . Khobar Garage Misgav couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Eden Shield Misgav Sharjah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Bookends Sharjah Affula In , the Startup of the Year is . Affula eMotion Technologies Bene Beraq, Israel In , is the winner Bene Beraq Reflectiz Caesarea, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Caesarea CardiacSense Dubayy In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dubayy North Ladder Muscat couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! iLab Marine Muscat Tirat Carmel In , the Startup of the Year is . Tirat Carmel PassCall Advanced Technologies Hod Hasharon, Israel The winner in is . Hod Hasharon Idomoo Holon, Israel came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! OptimalPlus Holon Jeddah, Saudi Arabia When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Jeddah Arabian Combustion Technologies Ramat Hasharon, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Lumen Ramat Hasharon Al Khobar came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Swyft Al Khobar Bet Shemesh In , is the winner! Bet Shemesh Degania Medical Binyamina When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Binyamina OncoHost Makkah In , the Startup of the Year is Makkah Scimagine Or Akiva Last but not least, couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in the city of ! WMT Or Akiva More Information: If you’re a winner, please answer ! If you’re a reader, participant, just a curious individual, consider answering one of our interviews . this interview here Read the FAQs about or . Startups here here To see all of the winners you may visit , pick any city and view the name that appears at the top. this site If you’re interested in partnering with us, we invite you to look through some of these or reach out to our business department. unique sponsorship options Perhaps creating your very own tickles your fancy or maybe you have a whole new idea for how we can partner! writing contest Thank you to all of our sponsors! We truly appreciate your contribution to the tech world and thus the future! The Startups Awards are sponsored by: , , , , , , , , , , Blockster Brex FreeCodeCamp LaunchDarkly Coil Udacity Udemy Vercel Asia Pacific Transgender Network Bybit Everscale Network The post was written by Kushal Tamrakar and Valerie Ejegi, edited by Hang Ngo. If you have any questions or concerns or would like to report a discrepancy please email ellen@hackernoon.com.

Meet the Winners of Startups in Asia

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This agreement can help protect companies and mitigate risks in terms of corporate shareholders' liabilities. LLC operating agreement 📍 LLC Operating Agreement is a document that specifies the terms of LLC regarding the members and their roles. It is worth mentioning that in some states incorporating LLC requires signing this type of agreement as a set of crucial rules and internal operating procedures. LLC Operating Agreement is a document that specifies the terms of LLC regarding the members and their roles. It is worth mentioning that in some states incorporating LLC requires signing this type of agreement as a set of crucial rules and internal operating procedures. As it serves as a roadmap for minimizing conflicts and mitigating risks, it's crucial to include such elements in the document: Member ownership & rights Member ownership & rights Member ownership & rights This section details each member's ownership percentage, voting rights, and responsibilities within the LLC. Profit & loss sharing Profit & loss sharing Profit & loss sharing The agreement clearly defines how profits and losses are distributed among members, ensuring fairness and transparency. Management structure Management structure Management structure This section outlines the framework for managing the LLC, including the roles and responsibilities of managers or designated members. Meetings & voting Meetings & voting Meetings & voting Procedures for holding meetings, voting on crucial decisions, and defining quorum requirements are established to facilitate efficient decision-making. Member buyouts & succession Member buyouts & succession Member buyouts & succession The agreement details the process for a member exiting the LLC, either through buyouts or in the event of death. This ensures a smooth transition and safeguards business continuity Why use an LLC Operating Agreement to Ensure Legal Compliance? Let's Discover Its Assets: Why use an LLC Operating Agreement to Ensure Legal Compliance? Let's Discover Its Assets : Assets A well-crafted agreement strengthens the separation between your personal assets and the LLC's liabilities. If the LLC incurs debt, creditors cannot go after your personal belongings (like your car or house). A well-crafted agreement strengthens the separation between your personal assets and the LLC's liabilities. If the LLC incurs debt, creditors cannot go after your personal belongings (like your car or house). The agreement outlines ownership percentages, member roles, profit-sharing mechanisms, and voting rights. This transparency minimizes confusion and sets clear expectations for everyone involved. The agreement outlines ownership percentages, member roles, profit-sharing mechanisms, and voting rights. This transparency minimizes confusion and sets clear expectations for everyone involved. You can tailor procedures for meetings, voting, and management to your specific needs. This flexibility surpasses the limitations of generic state-mandated rules. You can tailor procedures for meetings, voting, and management to your specific needs. This flexibility surpasses the limitations of generic state-mandated rules. A well-defined agreement establishes a process for resolving disagreements among members, preventing conflicts from disrupting your business trajectory. A well-defined agreement establishes a process for resolving disagreements among members, preventing conflicts from disrupting your business trajectory. For single-member LLCs, the agreement can outline how ownership will transfer in case of death or disability For single-member LLCs, the agreement can outline how ownership will transfer in case of death or disability For single-member LLCs, the agreement can outline how ownership will transfer in case of death or disability Nevertheless, it`s needed to oversee some liabilities and considerations of such document liabilities Without legal assistance, an agreement will not contain your unique circumstances and ensure effective potential issues management. Without legal assistance, an agreement will not contain your unique circumstances and ensure effective potential issues management. It requires considering provisions for capital contributions, distribution of assets upon dissolution, and non-compete clauses (if applicable). It requires considering provisions for capital contributions, distribution of assets upon dissolution, and non-compete clauses (if applicable). The agreement needs routine monitoring and check-ups as needed to provide consent of all members to adapt to business needs. The agreement needs routine monitoring and check-ups as needed to provide consent of all members to adapt to business needs. In conclusion, the LLC Operating Agreement is crucial for the making of financial, management, and operational decision processes. The agreement defines the business roadmap and clarifies various procedures. In conclusion, the LLC Operating Agreement is crucial for the making of financial, management, and operational decision processes. The agreement defines the business roadmap and clarifies various procedures. In conclusion, the LLC Operating Agreement is crucial for the making of financial, management, and operational decision processes. The agreement defines the business roadmap and clarifies various procedures.

 LLC Operating Agreement: Why It's Important

PARAG AGRAWAL VIJAYA GADDE, and NED SEGAL v. twitter Court Filing, retrieved on April 10, 2023 is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 31 of 38. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here EXHIBIT H - UNDERTAKING TO REPAY ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES Twitter, Inc. 1355 Market Street Suite 900 San Francisco, CA 94103 Attn: Chief Executive Officer; General Counsel/ Legal Department Re: Undertaking to Repay Advancement of Expenses This undertaking is being provided pursuant to that certain Director & Officer Indemnification Agreement, entered into on or about November 29, 2021, by and between Twitter, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and the undersigned as Indemnitee (the "Indemnification Agreement"). Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed in the Indemnification Agreement. I have become party to a putative class action securities lawsuit captioned Baker v. Twitter, Inc. et al., No. 2:22-cv-06525 (MCS) (C.D. Cal.) (the "Securities Class Action"). Additionally, I recently was contacted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Division of Enforcement and the U.S. Department of Justice in connection with certain inquiries into the Company and into Elon Musk (the "Inquiries," and together with the Securities Class Action, the "Proceedings"). My involvement in the Proceedings is by reason of the fact that I formerly was an officer of the Company. By letter dated January 13, 2023, my counsel requested that Expenses incurred in the Proceedings on my behalf be advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 5 of the Indemnification Agreement. In connection with the request for advancement of Expenses, I hereby undertake to repay any amounts paid, advanced, or reimbursed by the Company for such Expense advances to the extent that it is ultimately determined that I am not entitled to indemnification under the Indemnification Agreement or otherwise. This undertaking shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof. Sincerely, Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2023-0409 retrieved on October 4, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. int.nyt.com

Parag Agrawal's Undertaking to Repay Advancement of Expenses

Authors: (1) Dominic Petrak, UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; (2) Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; (3) Ye Tian, Wluper, London, United Kingdom; (4) Nikolai Rozanov, Wluper, London, United Kingdom; (5) Iryna Gurevych, UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Related Work Datasets Examined Manual Error Type Analysis and Taxonomies Automatic Filtering for Potentially Relevant Dialogs Statistical Analysis Evaluation and Experiments Discussion Conclusion, Limitation, Acknowledgments, and References A Integrated Error Taxonomy – Details B Error-Indicating Sentences And Phrases C Automatic Filtering – Implementation D Automatic Filtering – Sentence-Level Analysis E Task-Oriented Dialogs – Examples F Effectiveness Of Automatic Filtering – A Detailed Analysis G Inter-Annotator Agreement – Detailed Analysis H Annotation Guidelines I Hyperparameters and Baseline Experiments J Human-Human Dialogs – Examples G Inter-Annotator Agreement – Detailed Analysis This section gives more insights on the interannotator agreement. All additional annotators that participated in this study were non-native speakers. They were experts from our lab with sound English skills and NLP background. We did not select them based on specific criteria; they participated voluntarily. Accordingly, they were not paid extra for this, since they did the annotations during their working hours. For annotation, we did not use any specific tool. We provided the annotators with dialogs in json format and asked them to do the annotations directly in the respective files. See Section H for the annotation guidelines. Table 13 shows the inter-annotator agreement for each dataset using our modified Integrated Error Taxonomy. In the case of human-human dialogs, the overall agreement is rather low (except for Persona Chat (Zhang et al., 2018)). We find that errors are hard to identify in these dialogs, as humans rather suggest disagreements instead of accusing the partner of a mistake. This is also reflected in the user response type agreement since it depends on the error type annotation. However, Persona Chat seems to be different (according to Table 8). We attribute this to the dialog type, which is open-domain, where we find that humans react harshly and accusing to errors in system utterances, resulting in more direct feedback that is easier to identify. Table 14 shows the inter-annotator agreement for each dataset using the original Integrated Error Taxonomy as proposed by Higashinaka et al. (2021). Using this taxonomy deteriorates the interannotator agreement. This is most obvious in case of MWoZ (Budzianowski et al., 2018) and PC (Zhang et al., 2018), which are both humanhuman datasets. A detailed analysis revealed that this is mostly due to over-specialized error types which were merged in our modified taxonomy, such as ignore expectation and ignore request, I9 and I6 in the original taxonomy (Table 2). Another reason are the newly added error types, such as factually incorrect, E5 (Table 4), which were not covered in the original taxonomy, but occur in the dialogs. This paper is under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

A Detailed Analysis of Inter-Annotator Agreement

PARAG AGRAWAL VIJAYA GADDE, and NED SEGAL v. twitter Court Filing, retrieved on April 10, 2023 is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 28 of 37. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here EXHIBIT E - Via E - Mail and FedEx - January 13, 2022 Twitter, Inc. 1355 Market Street Suite 900 San Francisco, CA 94103 Attn: Chief Executive Officer; General Counsel Legal Department Re: Demand for Indemnification and Advancement We write on behalf of Parag Agrawal, former Chief Executive Officer of Twitter, Inc. (the “Company”). Pursuant to Article IX of the Company's Bylaws dated as of February 14, 2022, the Director & Officer Indemnification Agreement entered into by the Company and Mr. Agrawal on or about November 29, 2021 (the Agreement), and Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, we hereby provide notice of Mr. Agrawal's rights to indemnification and demand advancement of expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with certain Proceedings, as defined herein. As you know, Mr. Agrawal is a former officer of the Company. On or about September 13, 2022, Mr. Agrawal was named as a defendant in a putative class action securities lawsuit captioned No. 2 :22-cv-06525 (MCS) (C.D. Cal.) (the “Securities Class Action”). Baker v. Twitter, Inc. et al., Additionally, Mr. Agrawal has been contacted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Division of Enforcement and the U.S. Department of Justice in connection with certain inquiries into the Company and into Elon Musk (the Inquiries, and together with the Securities Class Action, the Proceedings). Mr. Agrawal's involvement in the Proceedings unquestionably is by reason of the fact that Mr. Agrawal was formerly an officer of the Company. Mr. Agrawal has retained Sidley Austin LLP (“Sidley”) to represent him in connection with the Proceedings.[1] Accordingly, we request that the Company advance to Mr. Agrawal as they become due all expenses and legal fees, including attorneys fees, incurred in connection with the Proceedings prior to the final disposition of the Proceedings, as provided for in Section 5 of the Agreement. Enclosed herewith is an undertaking by Mr. Agrawal to repay any amounts advanced if ultimately it is determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified. If there is any basis on which the Company anticipates denying indemnification of Mr. Agrawal in regards to this matter, in whole or in part, please promptly state those objections in writing. Otherwise, please advise to whom invoices should be directed. This letter does not waive any rights or remedies that Mr. Agrawal may have under current or past practices, agreements, or the law, including those that are not specifically addressed herein. Please respond to this letter to me at the address above, or by email at dlanderson@sidley.com Very truly yours, David L. Anderson cc: Mary Hansbury, Global Head of employment Law, Twitter Katherine L. Martin, Senior Legal Counsel, Twitter Katherine Martin, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich And Rosati PC sop-twitter@twitter.com [1] Mr. Agrawal's current counsel of record in the Securities Class Action will withdraw and Sidley will take over that representation. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2023-0409 retrieved on October 4, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. int.nyt.com

A Full Look at Parag Agrawal's Letter to Twitter Inc. 

Ned Segal's Complete Indemnification Agreement With Twiter

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Twitter Lawsuit: All of the Juicy Details of the Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement

Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . New Agricultural Inventions here NEW AGRICULTURAL INVENTIONS. IMPROVED GANG PLOW. Ezra Peak, Montana, Kan.—This invention is so constructed that it may be easily raised from and lowered to the ground, and adjusted to work at any desired depth in the ground. It is claimed to be of lighter draft than plows constructed in the usual way, also to be simple in construction and inexpensive in manufacture. The wheels, the faces of which are notched to give them a slight up-and-down movement as they are drawn forward, slightly jar the plows, and thus cause them to be easier drawn than when smooth wheels are used. The shaft can be provided with a ratchet wheel and pawl to hold it in any position into which it may be turned; and to it is attached a rope or chain, the other end of which, is attached to the forward end of the frame, so that by turning the shaft the plows may be raised from, lowered to, and adjusted to work at any desired depth in the ground. IMPROVED PLOW. James Willis Hendley, Cedar Hill, N.C., assignor to David N. Bennett and Samuel T. Wright, of same place.—The objects here are simplicity and cheapness of construction, and such arrangement of parts as will prevent the plow becoming clogged with weeds, etc. The mold-board is welded to the land side, or cast in one piece with it, so that no brace or other connection is required between the mold-board and standard; secondly, the curved beam is attached to the heel of the land-side and supported by a brace, which is bolted to the middle portion of the latter, and arranged in such relation to the mold-board that a space is left between them, into which the trash will fall, and thus be drawn into the furrow and covered. IMPROVED GRAIN DRILL. George W. Osborn, Parkville, Mich.—This is an improved attachment for seed drills, for gaging the depth at which the grain shall be deposited in the earth. It consists in an adjustable spring gage bar attached to the shank of each drill tooth, whereby the teeth may be made to enter the ground a greater or less depth. It is claimed to ensure the planting of seeds at equal depth in hard or soft ground, and to diminish the draft. IMPROVED HORSE HAY RAKE. Joseph B. Wakeman and John L. Wager, Deposit, N.Y.—The construction of this implement is such that a large space is afforded beneath the rake head for the collection of hay. The pivots of said rake head back are also brought back, so that the teeth may be readily raised to discharge the collected hay. By an ingenious lever arrangement the driver is enabled to hold the rake to its work by the pressure of his foot, and also readily to discharge the hay gathered. IMPROVED BEE HIVE. George W. Akins, Bridgeton, Pa.—In this hive, holes are bored in the sides of the compartment for ventilation, and windows are flared for the purpose of inspecting the inside of the hive. A frame is used whenever it is desired to have the honeycomb of any particular shape. It consists of a form of tin or other suitable maternal, placed on a frame or slide, and having the shape required in the comb. Bees will build inside of the form, leaving about one fourth inch space between the form and the comb. The tin sheet receives a portion of the refuse matter, and can be readily taken out and cleaned. On the 1st of May the bees are driven out into another hive and the frames examined. Three frames are taken out and set in a new box, and three empty frames are put in their place. The old queen must be put with the new colony, and half of the bees must be put in each box and shut up, and put on a stand. The hives are to be opened the next morning. At the next natural swarming time the swarms can be again divided. The hive cannot freeze, and it is proof against mice. IMPROVED PLOW STOCK. Robert Weber, New Ulm, Texas.—In this invention, by loosening a nut, the point of draft attachment may be raised and lowered to cause the plow to work deeper or shallower in the ground, or turned to one or the other side, to cause the plow to take or leave land, and may be secured in place when adjusted by again tightening the nut. IMPROVED COMBINED HAY TEDDER AND SIDE RAKE. John Huber and Henry Snell, Girard, Ill.—This machine may be used simply for stirring up and turning the hay, or for turning the hay and gathering it into windrows. The shaft of a reel revolves in bearings attached to the side bars of the frame near their rear ends. To the bars of the reel are attached spring teeth, which, as the machine is drawn forward, take hold of the hay, carry it up and over the reel, and drop it to the ground in the rear of the machine. A carrier takes the hay from the teeth, when it has been brought to the top of the reel, carries it over the shaft, and discharges it into a trough, down which it slides, and is deposited in a windrow along one side of the path of the machine. IMPROVED GRUBBING MACHINE. Ira Burley, Redwing, Minn.—This invention consists in the combination of wheels and axle, tongue, adjusting bar, adjustable brace, uprights, cross bar, two ropes, and four pulley blocks with each other. To the forward end of the tongue is attached a loop or clevis, to receive an iron pin, to be driven into the ground to keep the machine from moving about while being used. To the pulley block is swiveled a hook, to be hooked into a loop, attached to the forward end of a lever. The rear end of the lever passes through a slot in the upper end of a fulcrum post, and has a notch formed in its lower side to receive a bolt or pin, attached to said post to serve as a fulcrum to said lever. Several notches are formed in the lever to receive the fulcrum bolt, to enable the position of the fulcrum post to be adjusted to regulate the leverage, and as circumstances may require. To the lever is attached a strong clevis, to receive the hook of the chain, that is secured to the stump to be pulled. IMPROVED SEED PLANTER. Daniel J. Davis, Red Boiling Springs, Tenn.—In this invention two wheels revolve upon the journals of the axle. Upon the end parts of the axle are attached the rear ends of side bars, the forward ends of which are bolted to the outer sides of the forward ends of the plow beams. The forward ends of the beams are bolted to the ends of the front bar, to the center of which is secured the forward end of the central bar. To the beams are attached the plows for opening furrows to receive the seed as it passes from the conductor spouts. The lower ends of the spouts or tubes pass in through the sides of the plows, so as to conduct the seed into the bottom of the furrows before they have been partially filled by the falling in of the soil. The dropping plate is concaved around its dropping holes, and is provided with a plate that may be adjusted to cover one set of dropping holes to drop the hills twice as far apart as when both sets of holes operate. IMPROVED ANIMAL TRAP. Thomas N. Hughes, Muddy Creek, Tenn.—This trap is for animals of all kinds, as rats, mice, and larger animals, as foxes, minks, coons, etc., that are allured by bait, and is automatically set again by the animal caught, to be ready for the next animal attracted by the bait. It is divided by a longitudinal partition into two main sections, in which the working parts are disposed. The entrance at the end of one section has a drop door, which is arranged back of the same, resting, when closed, on side strips in inclined position, and being supported on an upright arm, of a centrally pivoted treadle door, at the bottom of the trap, when the trap is set. The treadle door is only required to swing sufficiently on its pivots to release the drop door from the arm, suitable seats at the under side of the trap, at both sides of the treadle door, preventing the door from swinging farther than necessary. The bait is placed, in a grated receptacle, near the treadle door, and entices the animal to pass in, so as to close the drop door when it arrives at the part of the treadle door near the bait. The back end of this section is perforated or grated to admit light, which attracts the frightened animal and induces him to pass toward the light. The top part of the trap may be grated to admit air, and the glass door at the end made to slide, to admit the taking out of the animals for killing them. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19406/pg19406-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

NEW AGRICULTURAL INVENTIONS

Jews have become the perfect scapegoat for extremists on both sides A few months ago, before it was rebranded to ‘X’ by the richest moron on the planet, I left a comment on a Twitter post. The poster was an Asian woman, who had experienced some racism while living in Sweden. I’d had some negative encounters there myself, but because they were less about race and more about xenophobia, I made it clear that — aside from being Jewish — I was just a “white dude.” Shortly thereafter, someone replied: “No, you’re not. Jews aren’t white.” Another commenter agreed, and yet another called me a “parasite.” Interestingly, none of these comments violated Twitter’s new TOS. My main takeaway — aside from how terrible the site has become — was how some people’s lives are so shitty that the only thing they can cling to is their “whiteness.” As if it’s a flex. Newsflash: it’s not. But I digress. We’re not here to talk about sad white men. We’re here to talk about anti-semitism, which, unfortunately, has a much broader coalition behind it. While hating Jews has a long and storied history, it’s the people behind the hate who have changed However, from the looks of things, it seems as if it was always there, right beneath the surface. Just like how Trump allowed bigots and racists to show their true colors, October 7th did the same thing for antisemites. That’s why you see all the people tearing down posters of kidnap victims. Chants of “From the river to the sea” at rallies. Jewish college students having to hide from their classmates. There’s even a that just came out that said half of Gen Z sides with Hamas. Not the Palestinians, but Hamas itself. What does that tell you? poll I can hear the argument now: “But but but…Israel!” So let’s talk about that. No one is condoning what Israel and especially what Netanyahu have done. But how are Jews in America and other countries responsible? Why are they being , , ? harassed attacked killed Furthermore, the Israeli people are not the Israeli government. “But they voted for him!” Did you vote for Trump? Or Bush? Or Reagan? Was Putin elected, or Xi? Sometimes, we end up with leaders who don’t represent our best interests. Sometimes we’re dealt a crap hand. It doesn’t automatically make every single person in the country culpable. But that’s not even the real issue here. The real issue is that the situation is so complicated that it’s above most people’s pay grades Actual scholars and historians, people who have been studying this their entire lives, have trouble grasping all the details and nuances. What makes you think, in the weeks or months you’ve been following this, that you’re an expert? Furthermore, where did you get your information from? TikTok? YouTube? Again, it seems similar to the people on the other side, who learned everything they know from Facebook. Or Newsmax. Or Fox News. very In other words: You don’t know shit. You know what you’ve seen from 15-second video clips that are part of an algorithm specifically designed to trigger you, in order to keep you on the platform. That’s why both the far left and the far right are so misguided. And, frankly, why they’re so similar. Because in the internet age, nuance doesn’t exist. And it certainly doesn’t go viral. What does go viral? Extremes. Anything that makes your blood boil. Anything that further amplifies the feedback loop you’re stuck in. Anything that posits the simplest solution to a complex situation and completely eliminates any nuance or shades of grey. If you can throw in a convenient bogeyman for good measure, so much the better. For the right, it’s usually “wokeness” or other dumb buzzwords like CRT and “defund the police.” For the left, it’s pretty much anything Trump or one of his surrogates does or says. In most cases, there is a clear firewall between these messages. But once in a while, they align. In this instance, the Jews are the perfect punching bag for both the social justice warriors on the left and the racist goons on the right. The only good news — if you can even call it that — is that most people are not like this. While it might look like half of Americans are MAGA and the other half are “progressives,” both, in fact, are minorities. Most people (like myself and you probably) fall somewhere in the . We just don’t get as many clicks. middle So, where do we go from here? How do we fix what’s happening in Israel and Gaza? What’s the correct way forward? I have no fucking clue. And neither do you. And that’s fine. It’s not our job to figure all that out. Our job is to filter out all the clickbait and noise and to get the most accurate information possible. Our job is to elect leaders who will steer us through situations like this one with courage and compassion. Our job is to try and ensure the peace and prosperity of all individuals, regardless of their race, ethnicity, or religion. Lastly, it’s to stop blaming the Jews for everything. Between trying to pass for white, counting all our money, and controlling Hollywood and the media, we have enough on our plate already.

One Thing Both the Far Right and the Far Left Agree On? How Much They Hate Jews

The Romance of Modern Mechanism by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CHAPTER XXIV here AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY PLOUGHS — DRILLS AND SEEDERS — REAPING MACHINES — THRESHING MACHINES — PETROL-DRIVEN FIELD MACHINERY— ELECTRICAL FARMING MACHINERY Agriculture is at once the oldest and most important of all national industries. Man being a graminivorous animal—witness his molar, or grinding, "double" teeth—has, since the earliest times, been obliged to observe the seasons, planting his crops when the ground is moist, and reaping them when the weather is warm and dry. Apart from the nomad races of the deserts and steppes, who find their chief subsistence in the products of the date-palm and of their flocks and herds, all nations cultivate a large portion of the country which they inhabit. Ancient monuments, the oldest inscriptions and writings, bear witness to the prime importance of the plough and reaping-hook; and it may be reasonably assumed that the progress of civilisation is proved by the increased use of cereal foods, and better methods of garnering and preparing them. For thousands of years the sickle, which Greek and Roman artists placed in the hand of their Goddess of the Harvest, and the rude plough, consisting of, perhaps, only a crooked bough with a pointed end, were practically the only implements known to the husbandman besides his spade and mattock. Where labour is abundant and each householder has time to cultivate the little plot which suffices for the maintenance of his own family, and while there is little inducement to take part in other than agricultural industries—tedious and time-wasting methods have held their own. But in highly civilised communities carrying on manufactures of all sorts it is difficult for the farmer to secure an abundance of human help, and yet it is recognised that a speedy preparation and sowing of the land, and a prompt gathering and threshing of the harvest, is all in favour of producing a successful and well-conditioned crop. In England, eighty years ago, three men lived in the country for every one who lived in the town. Now the proportion has been reversed; and that not in the British Isles alone. The world does not mean to starve; but civilisation demands that as few people as possible should be devoted to procuring the "staff of life" for both man and beast. We should reasonably expect, therefore, that the immense advance made in mechanical science during the last century should have left a deep mark on agricultural appliances. Such an expectation is more than justified; for are there not many among us who have seen the sickle and the flail at work where now the "self-binder" and threshing machine perform the same duties in a fraction of the time formerly required? The ploughman, plodding sturdily down the furrow behind his clever team, is indeed still a common sight; but in the tilling season do we not hear the snort of the steam-engine, as its steel rope tears a six-furrow plough through the mellow earth? When the harvest comes we realise even more clearly how largely machinery has supplanted man; while in the processes of separating the grain from its straw the human element plays an even smaller part. It would not be too much to say that, were we to revert next year to the practices of our grandfathers, we should starve in the year following. This chapter will be confined to a consideration of machinery operated by horse, steam, or other power, which falls under four main headings,—ploughs, drills, reapers, and threshers. PLOUGHS The firm of Messrs. John Fowler and Company, of Leeds, is most intimately connected with the introduction of the steam plough and cultivator. Their first type of outfit included one engine only, the traversing of the plough across the field being effected by means of cables passing round a pulley on a low, four-wheeled truck, moved along the opposite edge of the field by ropes dragging on an anchor. Another method was to have the engine stationary at one corner of the field, and an anchor at each of the three other corners, the two at the ends of the furrow being moved for every journey of the plough. In, or about, the year 1865 this arrangement succumbed to the simple and, as it now seems to us, obvious improvement of introducing a second engine to progress vis-à-vis with the first, and do its share of the pulling. The modern eight-furrow steam plough will turn ten acres a day quite easily, at a much lower cost than that of horse labour. For tearing up land after a crop "cultivators" are sometimes used. They have arrowhead-shaped [321]coulters, which cut very deep and bring large quantities of fresh earth to the surface. The ground is now pulverised by harrows of various shapes, according to the nature of the crop to be sown. English farmers generally employ the spike harrow; but Yankee agriculturists make great use of the spring-tooth form, which may best be described as an arrangement of very strong springs much resembling in outline the springs of house bells. The shorter arm is attached to the frame, while the longer and pointed arm tears the earth. DRILLS AND SEEDERS In highly civilised countries the man carrying a basket from which he flings seeds broadcast is a very rare sight indeed. The primitive method may have been effective—a good sower could cover an acre evenly with half a pint of turnip seed—but very slow. We now use a long bin mounted on wheels, which revolves discs inside the bin, furnished with tiny spoons round the periphery to scoop small quantities of seed into tubes terminating in a coulter. The farmer is thus certain of having evenly planted and parallel rows of grain, which in the early spring, when the sprouting begins, make so pleasant an addition to the landscape. The "corn," or maize, crop of the United States is so important that it demands special sowing machinery, which plants single grains at intervals of about eighteen inches. A somewhat similar device is used for planting potatoes. Passing over the weeding machines, which offer no features of particular interest, we come to the REAPING MACHINES, on which a vast amount of ingenuity has been expended. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Royal Agricultural Society of Great Britain offered a prize for the introduction of a really useful machine which should replace the scythe and sickle. Several machines were brought out, but they did not prove practical enough to attract much attention. Cyrus H. McCormick invented in 1831 the reaper, which, with very many improvements added, is to-day employed in all parts of the world. The most noticeable point of this machine was the bar furnished with a row of triangular blades which passed very rapidly to and fro through slots in an equal number of sharp steel points, against which they cut the grain. The to-and-fro action of the cutter-blade was produced by a connecting-rod working on a crank rotated by the wheels carrying the machine. The first McCormick reaper did wonders on a Virginian farm; other inventors were stimulated; and in 1833 there appeared the Hussey reaper, built on somewhat similar lines. For twelve years or so these two machines competed against one another all over the United States; and then McCormick added a raker attachment, which, when sufficient grain had accumulated on the platform, enabled a second man on the machine to sweep it off to be tied up into a sheaf. At the Great Exhibition held in London in 1851, the judges awarded a special medal to the inventor, reporting that the whole expense of the Exhibition would have been well recouped if only the reaper were introduced into England. From France McCormick received the decoration of the Legion of Honour "for having done more for the cause of agriculture than any man then living." It would be reasonable to expect that, after this public recognition, the mechanical reaper would have been immediately valued at its true worth. "Yet no man had more difficulty in introducing his machines than that pioneer inventor of agricultural implements. Farmers everywhere were slow to accept it, and manufacturers were unwilling to undertake its manufacture. Even after the value of the machine had been demonstrated, everyone seemed to fear that it would break down on rocky and uneven fields; and the inventor had to demonstrate in person to the farmers the practicability of the reapers, and then even guarantee them before the money could be obtained. Through all these trying discouragements the persistent inventor passed before he saw any reward for the work that he had spent half a lifetime in perfecting. The ultimate triumph of the inventor may be sufficient reward for his labours and discouragements, but those who would begrudge him the wealth that he subsequently made from his invention should consider some of the difficulties and obstacles he had to overcome in the beginning." [24] In 1858 an attachment was fitted to replace the second passenger on the machine. Four men followed behind to tie up the grain as it was shot off the machine. Inventors tried to abolish the need for these extra hands by means of a self-binding device. A practical method, employing wire, appeared in 1860; but so great was the trouble caused by stray pieces of the wire getting into threshing and other machinery through which the grain subsequently passed that farmers went back to hand work, until the Appleby patent of 1873 replaced wire by twine. Words alone would convey little idea of how the corn is collected and encircled with twine; how the knot is tied by an ingenious shuttle mechanism; and how it is thrown out into a set of arms which collect sufficient sheaves to form a "stook" before it lets them fall. So we would advise our readers to take the next chance of examining a modern self-binder, and to persuade the man in charge to give as lucid an explanation as he can of the way in which things are done. Popular prejudice having once been conquered, the success of the reapers was assured. The year 1870 saw 60,000 in use; by 1885 the output had increased to 250,000; and to-day the manufacture of agricultural labour-saving machines gives employment to over 200,000 people; an equal number being occupied in their transport and sale in all parts of the globe. In California, perhaps more than in any other country, "power" agricultural machinery is seen at its best. Great traction-engines here take the place of human labour to an extraordinary extent. The largest, of 50 h.p. and upwards, "with driving-wheels 60 inches in diameter and flanges of generous width, travel over the uneven surface of the grain fields, crossing ditches and low places, and ascending the sides of steep hills, with as much apparent ease as a locomotive rolls along its steel rails. Such powerful traction-engines, or 'automobiles' as they are commonly called by the American farmers, are capable of dragging behind them sixteen 10-inch ploughs, four 6-foot harrows, and a drill and seeder. The land is thus ploughed, drilled, and seeded all at one time. From fifty to seventy-five acres of virgin soil can thus be ploughed and planted in a single day. When the harvest comes the engines are again brought into service, and the fields that would ordinarily defy the best efforts of an army of workmen are garnered quickly and easily. The giant harvester is hitched to the traction-engine in place of the ploughs and harrows, and cuts, binds, and stacks the golden wheat from seventy-five acres in a single day. The cutters are 26 feet wide, and they make a clear swathe across the field. Some of them thresh, clean, and sack the wheat as fast as it is cut and bound. Other traction-engines follow to gather up the sacked wheat, and whole train-loads of it thus move across the field to the granaries or railways of the seaboard or interior." For "dead ripe" crops the "header" is often used in California. Instead of being pulled it is by mules, and merely cuts off the heads, leaving the straw to be trampled down by the animals since it has no value. Swathes as wide as 50 feet are thus treated, the grain being threshed out while the machine moves. pushed One of the most beautiful, and at the same time useful, crops in the world is that of maize, which feeds not only vast numbers of human beings, but also countless flocks and herds, the latter eating the green stalks as well as the ripened grain. The United States alone produced no less than 2,523,648,312 bushels of this cereal in 1902, as against 987,000,000 bushels of wheat, and 670,000,000 bushels of barley. Now, maize has a very tough stalk, often 10 feet high and an inch thick, which cannot be cut with the ease of wheat or barley. So a special machine has been devised to handle it. The row of corn is picked up, if fallen, by chains furnished with projecting spikes working at an angle to the perpendicular, so as to lift and simultaneously pull back the stalks, which pass into a horizontal V-shaped frame. This has a broad opening in front, but narrows towards its rear end, where stationary sickles fixed on either side give the stalk a drawing cut before it reaches the single knife moving to right and left in the angle of the V, which severs the stalk completely. The McCormick machine gathers the corn in vertical bundles, and ties them up ready for the "shockers." THRESHING MACHINES In principle these are simple enough. The straw and grain is fed into a slot and pulled down between a toothed rotating drum and a fixed toothed concave. These tear out the grain from the ear. The former falls into the hopper of a winnowing and riddling machine, which clears it from dust and husks, and allows it to pass to a hopper. An endless chain of buckets carries it to the delivery bins, holding just one sackful each, which when full discharge the grain through spouts into the receptacles waiting below their mouths. An automatic counter records the number of sackfuls of corn that have been discharged, so that dishonesty on the part of employés becomes practically an impossibility. While the grain is thus treated, oscillating rakes have arranged the straw and shaken it out behind in a form convenient for binding, and the chaff has passed to its proper heap, to be used as fuel for the engine or as food for cattle. PETROL-DRIVEN FIELD MACHINERY On water, rail, and road the petrol engine has entered into rivalry with steam—very successfully too. And now it bids fair to challenge both steam-engine and horse as the motive power for agricultural operations. Probably the best-known English petrol-driven farmer's help is that made by Mr. Dan Albone, of Biggleswade, who in past times did much to introduce the safety bicycle to the public. The "Ivel" motor is not beautiful to look upon; its sides are slab, its outlines rather suggestive of an inverted punt. But it is a willing and powerful worker; requires no feeding in the early hours of the morning; no careful brush down after the day's work; no halts to ease wearied muscles. In one tank is petrol, in another lubricating oil, in a third water to keep the cylinders cool. A double-cylinder motor of 18 h.p. transmits its energy through a large clutch and train of cogs to the road wheels, made extra wide and well corrugated so that they shall not sink into soft ground or slip on hard. There is a broad pulley-wheel peeping out from one side of the machine, which is ready to drive chaff-cutters or threshers, pump, grind corn, or turn a dynamo at a moment's notice. Hitch the "Ivel" on to a couple of reapers or a three-furrow plough, and it soon shows its superiority to "man's friend." Here are some records:— We may quote a paragraph from the pen of "Home Counties," a well-known and perspicacious writer on agricultural topics. "It is because motor-farming is likely to result in a more thorough cultivation of the land and a more skilful and more enlightened practice of agriculture, and not in a further extension of those deplorable land-scratching and acre-grasping methods of which so many pitiful examples may be seen on our clay soils, that its beginnings are being sympathetically watched by many people who have the best interests of the rural districts and the prosperity of agriculture at heart." [25] Will our farmers give the same welcome to the agricultural motor that was formerly accorded to the mechanical reaper? Prophecy is risky, but if, before a decade has elapsed, the horse has not been largely replaced by petrol on large farms and light land, the writer of these lines will be much surprised. ELECTRICAL FARMING MACHINERY In France, Germany, Austria, and the United States the electric motor has been turned to agricultural uses. Where water-power is available it is peculiarly suitable for stationary work, such as threshing, chaff-cutting, root-slicing, grinding, etc. The current can be easily distributed all over a large farm and harnessed to portable motors. Even ploughing has been done with electricity: the energy being derived either from a steam-engine placed near by, or from an overhead supply passing to the plough through trolley arms similar to those used on electric trams. The great advances made recently in electrical power transmission, and in the efficiency of the electric motor, bring the day in sight when on large properties the fields will be girt about by cables and poles as permanent fixtures. All the usual agricultural operations of ploughing, drilling, and reaping will then be independent of horses, or of steam-engines panting laboriously on the headlands. In fact, the experiment has been tried with success in the United States. Whichever way we look, Giant Steam is bowing before a superior power. FOOTNOTES: 24. Cassier's Magazine. The World's Work, vol. iii. 499. 25. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2014). The Romance of Modern Mechanism. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46094/pg46094-images.html. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

How it Works by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . AGRICULTURAL MACHINES. here AGRICULTURAL MACHINES. THE THRESHING-MACHINE. Bread would not be so cheap as it is were the flail still the only means of separating the grain from the straw. What the cream separator has done for the dairy industry ( ), the threshing-machine has done for agriculture. A page or two ought therefore to be spared for this useful invention. p. 384 In Fig. 226 a very complete fore-and-aft section of the machine is given. After the bands of the sheaves have been cut, the latter are fed into the mouth of the a by the feeder, who stands in the feeding-box on the top of the machine. The drum revolves at a very high velocity, and is fitted with fluted beaters which act against a steel concave, or breastwork, b, the grain being threshed out of the straw in passing between the two. The breastwork is provided with open wires, through which most of the threshed grain, cavings (short straws), and chaff passes on to a sloping board. The straw is flung forward on to the shakers c, which gradually move the straw towards the open end and throw it off. Any grain, etc., that has escaped the drum falls through the shakers on to d, and works backwards to the , or moving sieves, e. The , by means of a revolving fan, n, sends air along the channel x upwards through these riddles, blowing the short straws away to the left. The grain, husks, and dust fall through e on to g, over the end of which they fall on to the , h. A second column of air from the blower drives the chaff away. The heavy grain, seeds, dust, etc., fall on to i, j, and k in turn, and are shaken until only the grain remains to pass along l to the elevator bottom, m. An endless band with cups attached to it scoops up the grain, carries it aloft, and shoots it into hopper p. It then goes through the shakers q, r, is dusted by the , s, and slides down t into the open end of the rotary screen-drum u, which is mounted on the slope, so that as it turns the grain travels gradually along it. The first half of the screen has wires set closely together. All the small grain that falls through this, called "thirds," passes into a hopper, and is collected in a sack attached to the hopper mouth. The "seconds" fall through the second half of the drum, more widely spaced, into their sack; and the "firsts" fall out of the end and through a third spout. drum caving riddles main blower chaff riddle back end blower MOWING-MACHINES. The ordinary employs a revolving reel, built up of spirally-arranged knives, the edges of which pass very close to a sharp plate projecting from the frame of the mower. Each blade, as it turns, works along the plate, giving a shearing cut to any grass that may be caught between the two cutting edges. The action is that of a pair of scissors (Fig. 227), one blade representing the fixed, the other the moving knife. If you place a cylinder of wood in the scissors it will be driven forward by the closing of the blades, and be marked by them as it passes along the edges. The same thing happens with grass, which is so soft that it is cut right through. lawn—mower HAY-CUTTER. The is another adaptation of the same principle. A cutter-bar is pulled rapidly backwards and forwards in a frame which runs a few inches above the ground by a crank driven by the wheels through gearing. To the front edge of the bar are attached by one side a number of triangular knives. The frame carries an equal number of spikes pointing forward horizontally. Through slots in these the cutter-bar works, and its knives give a drawing cut to grass caught between them and the sides of the spikes. hay-cutter About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2009). How it Works. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/28553/pg28553-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

AGRICULTURAL MACHINES.

PARAG AGRAWAL VIJAYA GADDE, and NED SEGAL v. Twitter Court Filing, retrieved on April 10, 2023 is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 6 of 38. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here Plaintiffs Depart Twitter 29. or about October 27, 2022, Elon Musk informed each of Agrawal, Gadde, and Segal that their employment with the Company was terminated as of the close of the merger by which Musk took control of the Company. 30. Section of the Agreements provides that the Company's obligation to indemnify and advance Expenses incurred by Plaintiffs remains in effect following Plaintiffs terminations, as the Company's obligations shall continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any Proceeding by reason of his Corporate Status, whether or not he is acting or serving in any such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under this Agreement. Id. 11; see also id. 14(g) (providing that a Proceeding includes that in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or other wise, by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was an officer or director of the Company ) (emphasis added). Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2023-0409 retrieved on September 29, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. int.nyt.com

Parag Agrawal, Vijaya Gadde, and Ned Segal Were Terminated By Elon Musk

PARAG AGRAWAL VIJAYA GADDE, and NED SEGAL v. Twitter Court Filing, retrieved on April 10, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 5 of 38. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here The Indemnification Agreements Require Advancement and Indemnification 22. To maintain Plaintiffs services as officers of Twitter, the Company entered into the Agreements with Plaintiffs. See supra n.1. The terms of each of Plaintiffs Agreements are substantially similar, and the specific provisions cited herein are identical across Agreements unless otherwise noted. Relevant excerpts are provided from the Agrawal Agreement. Each of the Agreements is governed by Delaware law. 23. The preamble to each Agreement provides that its purpose is to afford indemnification and advancement rights to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and that the Company is obligating itself to afford such rights to ensure protection of and retain its officers. Ex. Bat 1. 24. Section of the Agreements, titled Indemnity of Indemnitee, sets forth the Company's obligation to indemnify Plaintiffs to the fullest extent permitted by law. Id. 1. This includes indemnification for all Expenses defined to include all reasonable attorneys fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, and other obligations in a Proceeding. Id. 14(e). Proceeding is broadly defined to include "any threatened, pending or completed action, suit ... investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise, by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was an officer or director of the Company Id. § 14(g). 25. Section 5 of the Agreements, titled Advancement of Expenses, sets forth the Company's advancement obligations. It states in part: Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding by reason of Indemnitee's Corporate Status within thirty (30) days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time prior to final disposition of such Proceeding. Such state mentor statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee to repay any Expenses advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Id. 5. 26. In connection with the advancement of expenses, the Agreements require an undertaking by an indemnitee to repay any advanced amounts if it is ultimately determined that such indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification. See id. 27. The Agreements further state that if advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 5, Plaintiffs shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware. Id. 8(a). 28. In the event any action is brought by Plaintiffs in order to enforce the Agreements, Plaintiffs also are entitled to be paid for any and all Expenses incurred in connection with such action. Id. 8(d). The Agreements provide that Plaintiffs are not required to incur Expenses associated with enforcing their rights under the Agreements by litigation or other legal action, because the cost and expense thereof would substantially detract from the benefits intended to be extended to Plaintiffs under the Agreements. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2023-0409 retrieved on September 29, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. int.nyt.com

Twitter's Agreements With Their Executives: What the Company Promised Them

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Pietro Ghezzi, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK; (2) Peter G Bannister, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK; (3) Gonzalo Casino, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain and Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain; (4) Alessia Catalani, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy; (5) Michel Goldman, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles; (6) Jessica Morley, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; (7) Marie Neunez, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles; (8) Andreu Prados, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain; (9) Mariarosaria Taddeo, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK; (10) Tania Vanzolini, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy; (11) Luciano Floridi, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Methods Web search and content analysis Results Discussion Conclusion and References Table 1. Example of classification of webpages Table 2. Percentage of vaccine-negative webpages in different SERPs Discussion The aim of this research was to investigate whether search engines focused on privacy preservation ranked webpages with higher and/or lower levels of IQ (interpreted as EBM based content i.e. vaccine-positive rather than vaccine-negative) differently to the primary commercial search engines. In turn, this answered the research question “What is the current relationship between search engines’ approach to privacy and the scientific quality of the information they return?”. The results indicate that currently privacy-enhancing search engines often give more visibility to webpages promoting vaccine hesitancy or with a clear anti-vaccine position than Google. This is in agreement with the findings from a recent study by the Economist which analyzed 175,000 news links returned by Google to demonstrate that the search engine’s algorithm favorstrustworthy publications 20. Reputation and trustworthiness are key factors included in Google’s ranking algorithm. In 2019, Google published search quality evaluation guidelines, 4 which define webpages containing information that may affect the users’ health or financial stability, as “your money your life” (YMYL) pages. These guidelines reveal that when rating YMYL webpages, Google looks at the three criteria of Expertise-Authority-Trustworthiness (EA-T) and states “High E-A-T information pages on scientific topics should be produced by people or organizations with appropriate scientific expertise and represent well-established scientific consensus on issues where such consensus exists”. Thus, in the case of Google, the bandwagon heuristic mechanism of assessing medical information credibility is working in favour of promoting IQ. This is perhaps because those responsible for driving up the ‘reputation’ of specific websites by, for example, linking to them, have higher levels of eHealth literacy and therefore act as pseudo-gatekeepers protecting those with lower eHealth literacy from poor IQ results by ensuring that websites providing inaccurate online health information have a low ranking in the search results. In the case of privacy-preserving engines this appears not to be working – potentially because they do not track ‘reputation’ factors, which could be seen as proxies for IQ and credibility, e.g. clicks and bounce-rate, and so have no gatekeepers (pseudo or otherwise) working to limit the circulation of misinformation. To our knowledge, the algorithms used by these ‘alternative’ search engines are not public - Qwant states that they use their own algorithms5 - but despite this, we found a large overlap between the SERP of Qwant and those of Bing and Ecosia. Likewise, Ecosia and Swisscows showed a similar overlap (70%) with Bing. This means that it is not possible to check what factors determine the outcome of the decision making processes of the search engines algorithms, and hence identify those elements that contribute to circulate misinformation. Even without being able to check the exact mechanisms for the overall poorer results, the results suggest that, currently, decisions made by search engines to prioritize privacypreservation may have a negative impact on the IQ of results returned to users in health contexts. The pledge to provide independent and unbiased results or not to promote or hide websites based on political or moral interests can be seen as ethically ambiguous, in view of the potential consequences of pointing to scientifically unsound health information. Medical ethics requires that patients give informed consent before treatment and must, therefore, be informed accurately of the risks and benefits associated with treatment, something that is not possible if the search engine provider used by an individual is returning results with low IQ. From this consequentialist perspective, it is inherently unethical choosing not to interfere with a search engine’s ranking algorithm to ensure ‘manually’ that results of higher IQ are prioritized, whilst those of lower IQ are suppressed. This builds on arguments already made in the wider literature about algorithm ethics 21,22. For example, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) code of ethics and professional conduct includes, as a general principle, “avoid harm” along with that of “respect privacy” 23, which aligns with the Hippocratic oath. Specifically, the implication that the current design of privacy-preserving search engine algorithms underestimates the need for evaluation of IQ fits into the wider discussion about algorithmic design and how to ensure design decisions are made to protect and incorporate key values such as IQ. It is necessary, but insufficient, to design search engine algorithms that index purely on ‘relevance’, they must also be designed to index on quality. The challenge lies in the ability to do this in a way that balances the need to accept different perspectives (particularly those that are rooted in different cultural, religious or social ideals) whilst also filtering for IQ. Supporters of such arguments, including the authors, note that this requirement necessitates making the workings of search engine algorithms more transparent 24 to ensure their ethical compliance. Providing information on vaccines that is based on misinformation or disinformation (including studies whose data or conclusions have been shown to be wrong) is a deceptive practice, which goes against the basic tenets of medical and business ethics 25. This is in line with those who argue that the promotion of ‘alternative medicine’ is unethical because it lacks evidence and transparency of clinical efficacy and should be considered ‘false advertising’ 26. Online service providers have a moral responsibilities to ensure that users access health information that is scientifically validate 27. Misinformation and disinformation concerning healthcare circulating on the internet can have severe consequences and lead to widespread harm. Consider the example of South African president Mbeki, who delayed introducing anti-retroviral drugs in favor of alternative medicine based on information obtained from HIV-denialist internet websites, a decision estimated to have resulted in over 300,000 deaths 28. More recently, a cancer patient died in China after following an alternative, non-approved therapy they found using a search engine 29. In response Chinese authorities issued new rules that require search engines to provide “objective, fair and authoritative results”. Moral responsibility follows on the level of harm that misinformation and disinformation on healthcare may cause. It could be argued that there is a greater onus on Google – and other commercial search engine providers – than on alternative search engines to take these considerations into account when designing or interfering with algorithms for the purposes of promoting ethical compliance, given their larger market share. Google currently has over 90% of the worldwide market share6 and therefore has the potential to indirectly ‘cause harm’, through the potential promotion of low IQ webpages on vaccinations, to a great many more people than any of the alternative providers. However, studies have shown that those who hold anti-authoritarian views, openness to (potentially) controversial opinions, and an interest in alternative medicine are, in some cases, already more likely to hold vaccine-hesitant beliefs 30. These are also the individuals who are most likely to use alternative search providers given their sensitivity to privacy and tracking concerns. Therefore, while the alternative providers might reach a proportionally smaller audience – they are reaching an audience that is already more receptive to antivaccine information 31, and therefore more vulnerable to its effects. In other words, unless the alternative providers take steps to rank vaccine-related search results according to IQ, they may cause greater harm to those they do reach, meaning that the net negative impact is still greater even though the number of individuals they reach is smaller.

Online Information of Vaccines: Discussion

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Pietro Ghezzi, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK; (2) Peter G Bannister, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK; (3) Gonzalo Casino, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain and Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain; (4) Alessia Catalani, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy; (5) Michel Goldman, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles; (6) Jessica Morley, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; (7) Marie Neunez, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles; (8) Andreu Prados, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain; (9) Mariarosaria Taddeo, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK; (10) Tania Vanzolini, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy; (11) Luciano Floridi, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Methods Web search and content analysis Results Discussion Conclusion and References Table 1. Example of classification of webpages Table 2. Percentage of vaccine-negative webpages in different SERPs Web search and content analysis Searches in English were done from Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom; in Italian from Urbino, Italy; in French from Bruxelles, Belgium; in Spanish from Barcelona, Spain. Each search was done using a logged-out Chrome browser cleared of cookies and previous search history so that the only identification was the IP address and its geolocalization. Additionally, when available, the local version of each search engine was used (e.g. Google.co.uk and Google.it). For searching Google.com, automatic redirection to google.co.uk was avoided by using the URL Google.com/ncr (no-country-redirect). The first 30 URL results from each search engine result page (SERP), excluding those marked as advertisements, and were transferred to a spreadsheet. When a duplicate URL was encountered, it was excluded. Websites were then visited and the content of each page was coded as vaccine-positive, negative or neutral, depending on the stance taken on the connection between vaccines and autism. Webpages recommending vaccination and/or negating the link with autism were coded as “vaccine-positive”. Those promoting vaccine hesitancy, cautioning about the risk of autism or openly anti-vaccine, were coded as “vaccine-negative”. Additionally, webpages that claimed further studies needed to be conducted to clarify the link between vaccines and autism were also coded as “vaccine-negative”, as previous research by {Browne, 2015 #421} has shown that users perceive this as confirmation of the fact that vaccine safety has not been proven. Webpages simply reporting the history of the anti-vaccine movement or a related legal debate were coded as “vaccine-neutral”. Examples of positive, negative and neutral webpages are provided in Table 1. Coding was completed by two raters for each language and inter-rater agreement was calculated with GraphPad, which uses equations 18.16 to 18.20 from Fleiss 19. On a sample of 59 webpages in English, agreement was 85%, with a Kappa of 0.669 (standard error, 0.077) and a 95% confidence interval from 0.518 to 0.820, a strength of agreement is considered to be 'good' 19. In Italian, agreement was 90%, with a Kappa of 0.818 (standard error, 0.067) and a 95% confidence interval from 0.687 to 0.950, a strength of agreement is considered to be 'very good'. In Spanish, agreement was 83%, with a Kappa of 0.609 (standard error, 0.098) and a 95% confidence interval from 0.418 to 0.801, a strength of agreement is considered to be 'very good'. In French, agreement was 89% with a Kappa of 0.746 (standard error, 0.091) and a 95% confidence interval from 0.568 to 0.924. When frequencies of vaccine-negative webpages was compared across different search engines, we used a two-tailed Fisher’s test corrected for multiple comparison using the method of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli and a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%.

Online Information of Vaccines: Web Search and Content Analysis

Automated solutions have been around for over a decade in the cybersecurity space. However, their use has been confined to very surface-level areas—it’s time this changed. With the recent advancements in generative AI, the technology has proven to have a higher ceiling for application, including time-consuming yet vital processes like cyber discovery. AI In fact, organizations that automate cyber defense mechanisms will experience a in security breaches by 2026. So, it’s evident that automation will become the norm for many cybersecurity processes. This is especially important given the more targeted and aggressive attacks, such as advanced persistent threats (APTs), that have been launched in the past year. 66% reduction APTs make cybersecurity much murkier. If a company experiences an attack of this nature, they’re as good as gone; the sophistication of these threats can penetrate the most robust systems when mildly overlooked. One of many examples from last year is the highly secure USBs, gaining access to government data via APTs by subtly infecting and taking over every device they connected them to. malicious actors that targeted Here’s where more advanced automation comes in to keep APTs at bay. Let’s see how adopting these new practices can highly benefit your security team and business. Faster and more controlled threat intelligence turnarounds The APT protection market is set to grow by a staggering annually until 2032 when it will be worth $51.5 billion. The increasing severity of these attacks is what’s driving CISOs to spend more of their budget protecting their company’s attack surfaces — starting with proper threat intelligence and asset discovery methods. 18% Automation can speed up asset discovery, and time is of the essence when it comes to data security. A typical discovery process for a company of around 10,000 employees would take a security team a couple of days to finish. By automating this process, the timeline plummets to just one day. Instead of outsourcing this process to cybersecurity companies, in-house security teams can cut the middleman and use threat intelligence tools to automate the discovery process for them. This is possible with SaaS programs that use open source and proprietary codes to create a workflow, allowing companies to run tailored discovery as often as they see fit. The time difference between manual and automated can be a costly APT attack or a safe system. More precise and accurate discovery to bridge the skills gap You wouldn’t begin securing your systems without knowing exactly what needs to be done. It would be a waste of both time and money. This is why discovery is so crucial to threat intelligence and successful cybersecurity practices — it’s the foundation for protecting attack surfaces. And for discovery to be worthwhile, it must be done right. However, the cybersecurity talent shortage is making it harder for companies to properly protect their systems, especially when are being affected by the lack of professionals globally. Automation is helping bridge this gap and giving companies peace of mind for their foundational cybersecurity strategies. 71% of organizations By using threat intelligence SaaS tools that automate discovery, security teams can forego a discovery expert while knowing this crucial piece of the puzzle is still being handled with precision and accuracy by an AI workflow. APTs don’t let up, and minimal human error could open the gates for malicious actors to break in and set up shop. Increased human power in other specialized activities CISOs that human error is their organization’s biggest cyber vulnerability. Discovery can be a very time-consuming task, and human processes can become faulty at any point in the job. Now that threat intelligence automation is a more accessible and developed practice, security leaders shouldn’t have to place their human power in these intensive and often flawed activities. highly agree After adopting SaaS tools for discovery, security teams will rest assured their discovery needs will be handled by software that takes less time and significantly reduces errors in threat detection. What will this translate to? More time applying threat intelligence data into more robust security protocols like vulnerability prioritization and remediation, meeting data security compliance requirements, and other activities that require human input. Keeping APTs away from your company encompasses several steps in your cybersecurity practices. Automation is making it easier for security teams to spend their time on valuable activities while others run on AI workflows with less margin for errors. In this new age of AI and automation, these tools are becoming more affordable and user-friendly to address skills shortages and the increase in complex cyber attacks. Ultimately, automating certain tasks is a win-win for security teams, budgeting, and cybersecurity measures — bringing in convenience, precision, and affordability. , co-founder, Trickest Nenad Zaric

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