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Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Trilogy English Trailer Introduces Spirit Of Justice Post-Game Case, “Turnabout Time Traveler” - Noisy Pixel

The Metropolitan Police has launched a murder probe in south London after the death of the 26-year-old died of stab wounds.Separate stabbing incidents » · Conservative leadership hopeful Boris Johnson has defended his infamous description of black people in Africa bearing “watermelon smiles” ...

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Graphs are a fundamental topic frequently covered in coding interviews at top companies. It's also a vast area that programmers must study extensively to excel in coding interviews. With over 5 subtopics such as Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Tree, and Shortest Path Algorithms, the number of related problems is substantial! In this article, we will go over the common Patterns of graph problems asked in coding interviews along with sample problems that you should practice. There are over 500 problems for Graphs on Leet code! However, most of these problems can be solved with just Graph traversal algorithms and Topological sorting. Focus on these more! Pattern #1 - Problems Involving Shortest Path Algorithm in Unweighted Graphs Algorithms Used: Breadth First Search These are the problems where you need to directly or indirectly compute the shortest distance to the nodes. These could be via a single source or multiple sources. let us take a look at the . The key idea to solve this problem is to determine that the time at which each orange becomes rotten is equal to the shortest distance of that orange from its nearest rotten orange. This can be easily solved by using Breadth First Search and making sure that when we perform a breadth-first search, we add the coordinates of the rotten oranges in the queue. For example: Rotting Oranges Problem on Leetcode Pattern #2 - Problems Where We Start Graph Traversal from Cells on Boundaries These are the problems where we need to start the graph traversal from the boundaries of the cells, for ex take a look at the . In this problem, if you start BFS from every cell and try to see if you can reach either the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean, the solution’s time complexity would increase. This is because you would have to start the BFS O(MxN) Pacific Atlantic Problem times and each BFS can take up to O(MN) time as well.  So, overall complexity becomes O(M*N) ^2). So, instead of that, we do the BFS only starting from the boundary cells, therefore we reduce the complexity to O (M*N*(M + N)). Algorithms Used: Breadth First Search and Depth First Search 3. Pattern #3 - Problems Where We Model Input as a Graph and then use topological sorting to get the output. These are the problems where we need to first model the input given in the problem as a graph and then either detect there is a cycle or determine the order using topological sort and use this information. For example: In the problem on Leetcode we are given a new language where the lexicographic order of the letters is not known. However, we are given the list of some sample words in lexicographic order is given. Using that we need to determine the valid order of letters in this new “alien” language. For ex, if the input is ["wrt","wrf","er","ett","rftt"] then using it we can determine that the order of letters in this alien language is [“w”, “e”, “r”, “t”, “f”]. Alien Dictionary We can solve this problem first by modeling each letter as a node and then we determine which letter comes before which letter using consecutive words. For ex, if we compare “wrt” and “wrf” we can determine that “t” should come before “f”. So, we add an edge from “t” to “f”. Similarly, when we compare “wrf” to “er” we can determine that “w” should come before “e”. So, we add an edge from “w” to “e” in the graph. Like this we add all the edges and then topological sort the graph. Another example of this problem is where we model each course as a node. Course Schedule Topological Sorting and Cycle Detection Pattern #4 - Problems Involving Shortest Path Algorithm Over Weighted Graphs/Binary Weighted Graphs These are the problems that can directly be solved by applying the standard shortest path algorithm after modeling the input as a graph. For example, if we look at the problems on Leetcode, the time it takes for the signal to reach the farthest node is the distance of the farthest node from the source node. Network Delay Time Another example can be . In this problem, we model each number within the snakes and ladder board as a node and model each dice roll as an edge with weight 1 (as we need to throw the dice once to follow this edge). Each snake or ladder can be modeled as an edge with weight 0 (as we don’t need to throw the dice to go over the edge). Snakes & Ladder Problems on Leetcode Dijkstra’s algorithm and 0-1 BFS Pattern #5 - Problems Involving Minimum Spanning Tree These are the problems that can directly be by applying either Kruskal’s or Prim’s algorithm. For example, Points For ex, in this problem, we model each point as a graph and model the edges b/w each node with the weight as the Manhattan distance b/w the two points. Then we apply any of the minimum spanning tree algorithms directly. Min Cost to Connect All With these patterns, you should be equipped to tackle any Graph problem that comes your way in Coding Interviews! [Affiliate link] If you are interested in a deeper dive into other patterns and Leetcode Problems, you should definitely check my course on It’s available on Udemy and is one of the highest-rated courses on problem-solving. Mastering Leetcode in Java: Top 130 Most Asked Problems You would definitely enjoy it!

5 Graph Patterns To Ace Coding Interviews

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ACETIC ACID AS A DISINFECTANT. here ACETIC ACID AS A DISINFECTANT. Dr. F. Engelmann, in , claims that acetic acid possesses equally as good antiseptic properties as carbolic acid; in fact, that it is to be preferred, as it is completely harmless, even if used in concentrated solutions, and that it is a valuable hæmostatic, an advantageous addition particularly in obstetrics. Another important property is its ease of transition into the tissues, which, according to Engelmann's experiments, is by far greater than that of all the other antiseptics. Of bichloride it is well known that it forms an insoluble combination with albumen, and can therefore act only on the surface, while acetic acid extends into the deeper tissues with ease. Cent. f. Gyn. Acetic acid also affects the metal of the instruments, but not as severely as the bichloride; the forceps, for instance, may be placed for a quarter of an hour in an irrigator filled with a three per cent. solution of acetic acid without being injured. A pleasant effect of acetic acid is that it softens and lubricates the skin. The author generally used a three per cent. solution; at times he has made use of a five per cent. solution, which would easily cause a painful burning at sore places, so that he only used the latter strength in septic cases, as the three per cent. solution proved to be a satisfactory antiseptic for general purposes. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ACETIC ACID AS A DISINFECTANT

One of the things I have been discussing a lot lately is how to transform the way you operate in a way that would provide more results in less time. And along with that is why I needed to design a new framework for focusing my thoughts on the things I think matter most in my life. In short, many people ask me why I need to develop a new method when there are plenty around to choose from (like the , the , the , or Tony Robbins’ ). GTD system Covey Approach Building a Second Brain Rapid Planning Method Well, the answer is rather obvious! Because none of the above cover my requirements in totality. So check below why I needed to develop my own method/approach to manage things and continue my course of action! A Personal Story Well, let me confess something. As I get older and have a lot more things to handle ( ) I have to find new ways to get things done. family, small children, house daily errands, chores, new work tasks and habits, a dedicated – working – project, things to read, learn, do, and make on a daily basis I had to change my mindset and re-engineer the ways I used to work in order to keep up with all the things I needed to do and produce, at minimum, the same results. I monitor my time to evaporate to daily chores and errands, endless commuting, and meaningless – reactive – actions while I keep on losing my focus on the things I need to cherish more. Two basic factors for that are the growing requirements of my two daughters and the fact that I’m working on a fixed location in dedicated projects each day for 8 hours, something that diminishes my agility and flexibility about my working habits. If you count on these and the fact that I need to keep up with all the things I used to do, you can discern my inability to adopt any of the above well-documented systems. These systems required a flexible schedule and addressed more CEOs, project managers, and entrepreneurs. But all entrepreneurs are not equal! Many times there are solopreneurs who have a difficult time coping with all the things they should do while they lose the everyday battle with the endless chores, errands, and the things that need to be done. The same thing applies to many knowledge workers and small business entrepreneurs that need a new method and tools for Getting Things Dome. My Requirements All the above systems mentioned have been developed for optimizing your efforts and time, extra time, focus, energy, and new opportunities. NOT FOR PROVIDING And I need exactly that! A system to optimize my time spent and efforts would guarantee an assured level of quality and results, That needed a mindset change to ensure a level of life and work that I need to master while I should manage the things ( ) I have at the moment. or the limited resources I needed a system to: help me gain clarity and focus on a daily basis, do what I have to do daily without losing energy and motivation, Gain momentum and find the right motivation to keep on doing the things I need to do, the things I should do, and the things I want to do, help me not to lose vital information or data in the process, keep my life and work in balance, provide me opportunities for growing, health, and fitness in regular periods, Allow me to connect with important people, associates, and partners, give me room and time to see my friends and connect with new people, support me in focusing on the things that matter most to me and my family, To do so, I need a new method or approach to help me gain more time, energy, and opportunities in the process. I need to: Take into account my core values and principles, my character, my quirks, my personal habits, and specific working habits and rituals Become intentional or bringing about the results I am envisioned, Reflect on what has been done, and design the things and tools I need in order to better my work Employ augmented working structures and habits to automate many aspects of my work and assign essential work to people who can carry it out, Do less work while producing more results, more money, and more assets, Use whatever resources I had and still have results, Have time for deep work processing, Focusing on a 80/20 mindset while I would adopt a growth mentality for my life and work, Gain more energy, clarity, and focus, which would permit me to find out more opportunities during the process, Enjoy the process and maintain a high level of motivation, Help me to do the things I need to do in a better way and with better results, Support me in finding balance while I am optimizing and scaling up my work and myself toward the directions I have chosen and designed Well, there are a few! But these are the things I need to do today in order to reassure better conditions of living and working tomorrow (for me and my family). And that’s how came up the ACE approach. ACE stands for approach. It is an approach to help you tune up who you are to your values, your principles and help you set up goals you can do in a more effective manner. Alignation, Compose, and Execute or Evaluate It stems from who you are ( ) towards developing your main life and business goals and filtering from the available things you can do only the tasks you can do and you have to do based on your time, energy, attention, availability, and convenience. including your values, principles, beliefs, etc. Where to Start The first thing you should do if you want to follow the ACE framework is to clarify what you want from life and business and become more specific in the results you want. In that context, you need to decide what you want to build and what you have to invest in and/or learn in order to alleviate the obstacles and design a clear and intentional path toward the materialization of your goals. You need at first to your main life, business, financial, relations, health, fitness, etc. goals to who you are and how you have learned to bring the results you want. In this context, you need to clarify and re-state your motivation for each life or business goal, the outputs, and how they’re going to be implemented. align But this is the topic for the next article in this mini-series on the ACE framework! For now, please consider what you want from your life and business and how you intend to gain it! What do you think about that? Is there a chance to adopt an approach like that for your daily activities? Also published . here

Alignation Using the ACE Method: Align, Compose, and Execute

When trying to land a software engineering job, you'll probably have to go through several interviews, including behavioral and system design. But at the end of the day, it all comes down to one thing: your coding skills. Your proficiency in coding is the key factor that will determine if you're the perfect fit for the role. Regardless of your experience level — whether you're a seasoned developer or fresh out of university — nailing a coding interview can be tough, but persistence and hard work pay off. As someone who landed an offer from Facebook after a full year of preparation, I know this firsthand. In this article, I'd like to share with you some tips and strategies that I learned along the way. Let’s dive in. Tip #1 — Practice Coding In your day-to-day work as a software engineer, you might not be using algorithms and data much. Still, they are essential basics that you need to know. So how do you get good at those? Learning algorithms and data structures can be challenging, but it's no rocket science or secret art. The main issue is the amount of time it takes to learn them, so planning and practice are key. Think of improving your coding skills like building up your muscles. You can't expect to get all ripped and toned in just a few weeks of intensive exercise. Similarly, you won't master algorithms in a matter of days. The key is to put in consistent and steady effort over a long period to get the results you want. Back in 2019, when I started preparing for coding interviews, I was clueless about how to write even the most basic algorithms, such as Binary Search. It took me around six months of consistent practice to get my first onsite interview with Google. How did it go? I failed. But did I give up? No. I kept practicing for another year until I finally got an offer from Facebook (which we now know as Meta). So, the bottom line is that learning these skills takes time and effort, but the payoff can be life-changing! When you first begin working on coding problems, it's perfectly normal to feel a bit overwhelmed. You might even catch yourself thinking, "What’s wrong with me? Why can’t I solve even the simplest problem?" That’s just a natural part of the learning process. You’ll get better over time. A helpful and time-tested strategy to deal with the feeling of overwhelm is to break a large task into manageable chunks and set achievable goals. I recommend starting with 1-2 Easy or Medium-level problems each day and spending around 15-30 minutes on each one. This will help you build your problem-solving skills gradually and avoid getting overwhelmed. Once you start to feel more confident, you can increase the intensity by tackling up to 3-4 problems per day. To give you an idea of what's possible with consistent practice, I personally solved around 200 problems (50% Medium, 40% Easy, 10% Hard) over a year before I got my first offer from a Big Tech company. Keep in mind that everyone learns at their own pace, so make sure to determine the amount of practice that works best for you. The important thing is to stay focused and keep at it. If you want to find excellent resources to practice coding and sharpen your interview skills, there are several options you can consider. Some of the best are , , and Codeforces — these platforms offer a variety of challenging problems that can help you hone your coding abilities. Leetcode Hackerrank But if you need more structure or guidance, there are also resources like Interviews.school or paid courses such as Algoexpert.io. These can be especially helpful if you're just starting out or if you're unsure of where to begin. I have used all of these resources during my own journey of interview preparation and can vouch for their quality. Tip #2 — Know your programming language It's important to have a solid command of the language you'll be using so that you showcase your technical skills and problem-solving ability to the fullest. Usually, you get to choose the language for your algorithmic coding, but sometimes the interviewer may have specific language requirements. Make sure to check that beforehand. Use the language you're most comfortable with, even if it's not your primary one. Make sure you know its common data structures, shortcuts, and memory management. My choice for coding interviews is Python, although I work with PHP daily. Python's easy syntax helps me prototype solutions quickly, and I don't have to worry about things like $ signs, brackets or semicolons. To improve your skills in your programming language, spend time learning its fundamentals, practicing coding, and studying other programmers' solutions. I recommend checking out Leetcode — in its Comments and Discussions section, you can find some great examples and techniques to learn from. Tip #3 — Ask clarifying questions Don't rush into solving a problem without asking questions first. This is a common mistake that can be a red flag for interviewers. Ask a few clarifying questions even if you feel confident you understand the problem correctly. Coding problems are intentionally ambiguous, and interviewers won't provide all the necessary details upfront. Instead, interviewers expect you to clarify details, so ask a few questions to make absolutely sure you and the interviewer are on the same page. Besides, this way ​ you’ll be able to identify and clarify edge cases. For example, you may want to ask about the format of the input, the data types involved, or whether the problem has any constraints. Knowing specific details can save you time and allow you to focus on the task at hand. Tip #4 — Talk through your solution before coding When you're solving a problem in an interview, don't rush to start coding. Take a moment to talk through your solution first. This will help you clarify the problem and make sure you have a solid plan before you dive in. Talking it out can also save you time and prevent you from making unnecessary mistakes. I've almost fallen into this trap myself. In one interview, I was asked to implement string prefix matching. I immediately thought of a rather complex solution that involved a Trie. But once I began to describe my idea out loud, the interviewer stopped me and asked for a simpler way that just involved iterating over two strings. If I had started coding right away, I would have wasted time on an overcomplicated solution that the interviewer was not even asking for. Once you have talked through the solution and the interviewer is satisfied with it, only then you can start implementing it. Tip #5 — Communicate During a coding interview, the interviewer is not so interested in whether you actually arrive at the solution. They want to see how you approach the problem-solving process. Make sure to spell out your thinking and explain your reasoning as you go. Remember that the interviewer is on your side and is there to help you succeed. Think of the interview as a team effort, where you and the interviewer are working together to find a solution. You should be doing most of the talking, though (around 70-80% of the time). The interviewer may occasionally provide feedback or correct you. Be open-minded and willing to learn from the interviewer's feedback, using it to your advantage. Be friendly and responsive throughout the interview. If you need a moment to focus, let the interviewer know. Take a brief pause to collect your thoughts, but don't let it drag on for too long. Tip #6 — Test your solution Don't forget to rigorously test your code once you've finished. Testing is important to help catch any mistakes or issues you might've missed. To ensure your code produces the expected output, use the example inputs provided by the interviewer. Consider testing edge cases, including input boundaries, formatting or type of inputs, empty, null, or negative values, and inputs that are too small or too big. When you're testing, go through your code line by line and check the values of variables and expressions. This way you will catch errors that are challenging to spot by merely taking a glance at the code. After you've tested everything, take a step back and think about how you can make your code even better. Maybe there's a more efficient way to solve the problem, or you can make the code easier to read and understand. Conclusion Coding interviews are a challenge but you can greatly improve your chances of success with thorough preparation and practice. Let’s recap the key takeaways: Study the fundamentals; Know your language; Ask clarifying questions; Talk through your solutions before coding; Test your solution thoroughly; Stay calm and approach the interview as a collaborative problem-solving process. Best of luck in your future coding interviews! The lead image ﻿was generated using HackerNoon's Stable Diffusion feature, via the prompt "a coding interview at facebook". AI Image Generator

How to Ace Your Next Coding Interview: Tips That Helped Me Land a Job at Meta

আপনার পরবর্তী কোডিং সাক্ষাত্কারটি কীভাবে এগিয়ে নেওয়া যায়: টিপস যা আমাকে মেটাতে চাকরি পেতে সাহায্য করেছে

So meistern Sie Ihr nächstes Programmiergespräch: Tipps, die mir geholfen haben, einen Job bei Meta zu bekommen

Cómo triunfar en su próxima entrevista de codificación: consejos que me ayudaron a conseguir un trabajo en Meta

Comment réussir votre prochain entretien de codage : des conseils qui m'ont aidé à décrocher un emploi chez Meta

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次のコーディング面接で合格する方法: Meta での仕事を見つけるのに役立ったヒント

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Como acertar sua próxima entrevista de codificação: dicas que me ajudaram a conseguir um emprego na Meta

Bir Sonraki Kodlama Röportajınızda Nasıl Başarılı Olursunuz: Meta'da İş Almama Yardımcı Olan İpuçları

Làm thế nào để vượt qua cuộc phỏng vấn viết mã tiếp theo của bạn: Các mẹo đã giúp tôi có được một công việc tại Meta

如何在下一次编码面试中取得好成绩：帮助我在 Meta 找到工作的技巧

Here's an interview with the Director of Perception at Zoox, Ruijie (RJ) He, with the goal of demystifying what a good profile is to get an ML engineer job and perform well at the interviews. We go over many points from the current job market, the screening process, how to prepare for an interview, the interview process and the role of an ML engineer at Zoox. For an introduction, Zoox is an artificial intelligence company focused on a single product: autonomous vehicles. They are building intelligent taxis for the future hiring a lot of people in the whole machine learning / data science space. Let's learn about the type of people they are keen to hire... Watch the interview: Let me know who you would like me to interview next or the topic you'd like to learn more about!

How to Ace ML Interviews: Get Your Foot in the AI Door

Phoenix Wright is a great character who goes on an incredible journey during the first three games of the Ace Attorney series. However, no matter how great your protagonist is, there has to be an equally great antagonist to clash with them. Luckily, the Ace Attorney series has that in spades. Whether it’s Franziska von Karma or Godot, you know you’re in for a fight. Whenever you think you have them beat, they somehow turn it around on you. But above that, they all have stories that make them more than just courtroom rivals. So, here are the best Ace Attorney prosecutors from the original trilogy. By the way, there will definitely be spoilers in this article. Ace Attorney Prosecutors Ranked Winston Payne Franziska von Karma Miles Edgeworth Godot 1. Winston Payne Okay, I like Winston Payne but I think we all saw this coming. Compared to the rest of the prosecutors from the trilogy, Payne isn’t given too much to work with. He only appears about once per game. That said, he does leave a lasting impression. Payne appears as the prosecutor in the first case of all three games. He’s the prosecutor they use to ease new players into the series. The reason he works so well in this role is that he’s immensely arrogant. As soon as he opens his mouth you immediately want to beat him because of his comments and attitude. So, whenever you do win the case, the feeling of victory is amplified tenfold. 2. Franziska von Karma Introduced in the second game, Franziska von Karma immediately becomes a force to be reckoned with. She’s the daughter of notorious prosecutor Manfred von Karma, and like her father, she doesn’t accept anything less than perfection. Franziska is relatively young for a prosecutor but that hasn’t stopped her from making a name for herself. She’s vicious, intimidating, and outright scary. The only thing sharper than her words is the whip that she has with her at all times. However, there’s something about her that makes her sympathetic. As stated, she wants to be perfect, and she’s crushed when she can’t meet that high standard. In the end, von Karma doesn’t become friends with Phoenix Wright but there is a level of respect between the two. Franziska may not have been able to beat the defense attorney, but she has won over the hearts of the fans. 3. Miles Edgeworth Miles Edgeworth is a fan-favorite character, and for good reason. His relationship/rivalry with Phoenix Wright in the first game is a sight to behold. Seeing them go from former friends to rivals back to friends again is a journey many of us wish we could relive. Apart from Payne, Edgeworth is the only prosecutor to make an appearance in every game of the trilogy, and that’s still not enough Edgeworth for us. Although he can be reserved and sometimes emotionless, he’s shown to care about Wright and the rest of his friends. This is made evident when he springs up to help when Maya gets kidnapped in “Farewell, My Turnabout”. Again, he immediately helps in the last case of the trilogy when Wright is in the hospital and can’t investigate the crime or defend the defendant. Edgeworth might have a tough exterior shell, but deep down, he’s a big softy. 4. Godot The main prosecutor of the last game, Godot might just be the best Ace Attorney character. Everything about him is top-notch: his theme, his appearance, his dialogue, and especially, his story. Godot is mysterious and tragic, and he just oozes coolness. Although he’s a tough prosecutor, and he openly dislikes Wright, Godot makes it impossible to root against him. It becomes even more impossible when we learn of his backstory. Godot was the friend and co-worker of Mia Fey, the mentor of Wright. Unfortunately, he falls into a coma, and in the time that it takes for him to awaken, Mia is murdered. This takes him on a quest to face off against Mia’s pupil. Godot believes Wright is weak for not saving Mia from death. It takes him until the very end to see that she is still living inside of Wright. The other characters on this list are fantastic in their own right, but Godot is the best of the Ace Attorney prosecutors. More in Gaming: ROMUT: Why Less Is More When It Comes To Indie Games Build NFT Games "Play to Earn" With Unity in 2022 5 Things You Should Know Before Developing CTV Games

Ranking the Ace Attorney Prosecutors From the Original Trilogy

The process of preparing for coding interviews is anxiety-inducing for many developers. There’s material to cover, and often much of it feels irrelevant to what devs are doing in their day jobs, which only adds to the stress. so much One of the outcomes of this is that it’s now common for developers to spend weeks combing through hundreds of interview questions on sites like LeetCode. One of the most common points of anxiety developers that I’ve talked to have before the interview is: Have I solved enough practice questions? Could I have done more? That’s why I try to focus on helping developers grasp the underlying behind each question — so they don’t have to worry about solving hundreds of problems and suffer from Leetcode fatigue. If you understand the generic patterns, you can use them as a template to solve a myriad of other problems with slight variations. patterns Here, I’ve laid out the top 14 patterns that can be used to solve any coding interview question, as well as how to identify each pattern, and some example questions for each. This just touches the surface — I strongly recommend checking out for comprehensive explanations, examples, and coding practice. Grokking the Coding Interview: Patterns for Coding Questions The following patterns assume that you’ve brushed up on Data Structures. If you haven’t, check out these . refresher courses on Data Structures Let’s get started! 1. Sliding Window The Sliding Window pattern is used to perform a required operation on a specific window size of a given array or linked list, such as finding the longest subarray containing all 1s. Sliding Windows start from the 1st element and keep shifting right by one element and adjust the length of the window according to the problem that you are solving. In some cases, the window size remains constant and in other cases the sizes grows or shrinks. : Following are some ways you can identify that the given problem might require a sliding window The problem input is a linear data structure such as a linked list, array, or string You’re asked to find the longest/shortest substring, subarray, or a desired value Common problems you use the sliding window pattern with: Maximum sum subarray of size ‘K’ (easy) Longest substring with ‘K’ distinct characters (medium) String anagrams (hard) 2. Two Pointers or Iterators Two Pointers is a pattern where two pointers iterate through the data structure in tandem until one or both of the pointers hit a certain condition.Two Pointers is often useful when searching pairs in a sorted array or linked list; for example, when you have to compare each element of an array to its other elements. Two pointers are needed because with just pointer, you would have to continually loop back through the array to find the answer. This back and forth with a single iterator is inefficient for time and space complexity — a concept referred to as asymptotic analysis. While the brute force or naive solution with 1 pointer would work, it will produce something along the lines of O(n²). In many cases, two pointers can help you find a solution with better space or runtime complexity. Ways to identify when to use the Two Pointer method: It will feature problems where you deal with sorted arrays (or Linked Lists) and need to find a set of elements that fulfill certain constraints The set of elements in the array is a pair, a triplet, or even a subarray Here are some problems that feature the Two Pointer pattern: Squaring a sorted array (easy) Triplets that sum to zero (medium) Comparing strings that contain backspaces (medium) The Fast and Slow pointer approach, also known as the , is a pointer algorithm that uses two pointers which move through the array (or sequence/linked list) at different speeds. 3. Fast and Slow pointers Hare & Tortoise algorithm This approach is quite useful when dealing with cyclic linked lists or arrays. By moving at different speeds (say, in a cyclic linked list), the algorithm proves that the two pointers are bound to meet. The fast pointer should catch the slow pointer once both the pointers are in a cyclic loop. How do you identify when to use the Fast and Slow pattern? The problem will deal with a loop in a linked list or array When you need to know the position of a certain element or the overall length of the linked list. When should I use it over the Two Pointer method mentioned above? There are some cases where you shouldn’t use the Two Pointer approach such as in a singly linked list where you can’t move in a backwards direction. An example of when to use the Fast and Slow pattern is when you’re trying to determine if a linked list is a palindrome. Problems featuring the fast and slow pointers pattern: Linked List Cycle (easy) Palindrome Linked List (medium) Cycle in a Circular Array (hard) 4. Merge Intervals The Merge Intervals pattern is an efficient technique to deal with overlapping intervals. In a lot of problems involving intervals, you either need to find overlapping intervals or merge intervals if they overlap. The pattern works like this: Given two intervals (‘a’ and ‘b’), there will be six different ways the two intervals can relate to each other: Understanding and recognizing these six cases will help you help you solve a wide range of problems from inserting intervals to optimizing interval merges. How do you identify when to use the Merge Intervals pattern? If you’re asked to produce a list with only mutually exclusive intervals If you hear the term “overlapping intervals”. Merge interval problem patterns: Intervals Intersection (medium) Maximum CPU Load (hard) 5. Cyclic sort This pattern describes an interesting approach to deal with problems involving arrays containing numbers in a given range. The Cyclic Sort pattern iterates over the array one number at a time, and if the current number you are iterating is not at the correct index, you swap it with the number at its correct index. You could try placing the number in its correct index, but this will produce a complexity of O(n^2) which is not optimal, hence the Cyclic Sort pattern. How do I identify this pattern? They will be problems involving a sorted array with numbers in a given range If the problem asks you to find the missing/duplicate/smallest number in an sorted/rotated array Problems featuring cyclic sort pattern: Find the Missing Number (easy) Find the Smallest Missing Positive Number (medium) 6. In-place reversal of linked list In a lot of problems, you may be asked to reverse the links between a set of nodes of a linked list. Often, the constraint is that you need to do this in-place, i.e., using the existing node objects and without using extra memory. This is where the above mentioned pattern is useful. This pattern reverses one node at a time starting with one variable (current) pointing to the head of the linked list, and one variable (previous) will point to the previous node that you have processed. In a lock-step manner, you will reverse the current node by pointing it to the previous before moving on to the next node. Also, you will update the variable “previous” to always point to the previous node that you have processed. How do I identify when to use this pattern: If you’re asked to reverse a linked list without using extra memory Problems featuring in-place reversal of linked list pattern: Reverse a Sub-list (medium) Reverse every K-element Sub-list (medium) 7. Tree BFS This pattern is based on the Breadth First Search (BFS) technique to traverse a tree and uses a queue to keep track of all the nodes of a level before jumping onto the next level. Any problem involving the traversal of a tree in a level-by-level order can be efficiently solved using this approach. The Tree BFS pattern works by pushing the root node to the queue and then continually iterating until the queue is empty. For each iteration, we remove the node at the head of the queue and “visit” that node. After removing each node from the queue, we also insert all of its children into the queue. How to identify the Tree BFS pattern: If you’re asked to traverse a tree in a level-by-level fashion (or level order traversal) Problems featuring Tree BFS pattern: Binary Tree Level Order Traversal (easy) Zigzag Traversal (medium) 8. Tree DFS Tree DFS is based on the Depth First Search (DFS) technique to traverse a tree. You can use recursion (or a stack for the iterative approach) to keep track of all the previous (parent) nodes while traversing. The Tree DFS pattern works by starting at the root of the tree, if the node is not a leaf you need to do three things: Decide whether to process the current node now (pre-order), or between processing two children (in-order) or after processing both children (post-order). Make two recursive calls for both the children of the current node to process them. How to identify the Tree DFS pattern: If you’re asked to traverse a tree with in-order, preorder, or postorder DFS If the problem requires searching for something where the node is closer to a leaf Problems featuring Tree DFS pattern: Sum of Path Numbers (medium) All Paths for a Sum (medium) 9. Two heaps In many problems, we are given a set of elements such that we can divide them into two parts. To solve the problem, we are interested in knowing the smallest element in one part and the biggest element in the other part. This pattern is an efficient approach to solve such problems. This pattern uses two heaps; A Min Heap to find the smallest element and a Max Heap to find the biggest element. The pattern works by storing the first half of numbers in a Max Heap, this is because you want to find the largest number in the first half. You then store the second half of numbers in a Min Heap, as you want to find the smallest number in the second half. At any time, the median of the current list of numbers can be calculated from the top element of the two heaps. Ways to identify the Two Heaps pattern: Useful in situations like Priority Queue, Scheduling If the problem states that you need to find the smallest/largest/median elements of a set Sometimes, useful in problems featuring a binary tree data structure Problems featuring Find the Median of a Number Stream (medium) 10. Subsets A huge number of coding interview problems involve dealing with Permutations and Combinations of a given set of elements. The pattern Subsets describes an efficient Breadth First Search (BFS) approach to handle all these problems. The pattern looks like this: Given a set of [1, 5, 3] Start with an empty set: [[]] Add the first number (1) to all the existing subsets to create new subsets: [[], [1]]; Add the second number (5) to all the existing subsets: [[], [1], [5], [1,5]]; Add the third number (3) to all the existing subsets: [[], [1], [5], [1,5], [3], [1,3], [5,3], [1,5,3]]. Here is a visual representation of the Subsets pattern: How to identify the Subsets pattern: Problems where you need to find the combinations or permutations of a given set Problems featuring Subsets pattern: Subsets With Duplicates (easy) String Permutations by changing case (medium) 11. Modified binary search Whenever you are given a sorted array, linked list, or matrix, and are asked to find a certain element, the best algorithm you can use is the Binary Search. This pattern describes an efficient way to handle all problems involving Binary Search. The patterns looks like this for an ascending order set: First, find the middle of start and end. An easy way to find the middle would be: middle = (start + end) / 2. But this has a good chance of producing an integer overflow so it’s recommended that you represent the middle as: middle = start + (end — start) / 2 If the key is equal to the number at index middle then return middle If ‘key’ isn’t equal to the index middle: Check if key < arr[middle]. If it is reduce your search to end = middle — 1 Check if key > arr[middle]. If it is reduce your search to end = middle + 1 Here is a visual representation of the Modified Binary Search pattern: Problems featuring the Modified Binary Search pattern: Order-agnostic Binary Search (easy)Search in a Sorted Infinite Array (medium) 12. Top K elements Any problem that asks us to find the top/smallest/frequent ‘K’ elements among a given set falls under this pattern. The best data structure to keep track of ‘K’ elements is Heap. This pattern will make use of the Heap to solve multiple problems dealing with ‘K’ elements at a time from a set of given elements. The pattern looks like this: Insert ‘K’ elements into the min-heap or max-heap based on the problem. Iterate through the remaining numbers and if you find one that is larger than what you have in the heap, then remove that number and insert the larger one. There is no need for a sorting algorithm because the heap will keep track of the elements for you. How to identify the Top ‘K’ Elements pattern: If you’re asked to find the top/smallest/frequent ‘K’ elements of a given set If you’re asked to sort an array to find an exact element Problems featuring Top ‘K’ Elements pattern: Top ‘K’ Numbers (easy) Top ‘K’ Frequent Numbers (medium) 13. K-way Merge K-way Merge helps you solve problems that involve a set of sorted arrays. Whenever you’re given ‘K’ sorted arrays, you can use a Heap to efficiently perform a sorted traversal of all the elements of all arrays. You can push the smallest element of each array in a Min Heap to get the overall minimum. After getting the overall minimum, push the next element from the same array to the heap. Then, repeat this process to make a sorted traversal of all elements. The pattern looks like this: Insert the first element of each array in a Min Heap. After this, take out the smallest (top) element from the heap and add it to the merged list. After removing the smallest element from the heap, insert the next element of the same list into the heap. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to populate the merged list in sorted order. How to identify the K-way Merge pattern: The problem will feature sorted arrays, lists, or a matrix If the problem asks you to merge sorted lists, find the smallest element in a sorted list. Problems featuring the K-way Merge pattern: Merge K Sorted Lists (medium) K Pairs with Largest Sums (Hard) 14. Topological sort Topological Sort is used to find a linear ordering of elements that have dependencies on each other. For example, if event ‘B’ is dependent on event ‘A’, ‘A’ comes before ‘B’ in topological ordering. This pattern defines an easy way to understand the technique for performing topological sorting of a set of elements. The pattern works like this: Initialization a) Store the graph in adjacency lists by using a HashMap b) To find all sources, use a HashMap to keep the count of in-degreesBuild the graph and find in-degrees of all vertices Build the graph from the input and populate the in-degrees HashMap. Find all sources a) All vertices with ‘0’ in-degrees will be sources and are stored in a Queue. Sort a) For each source, do the following things: —i) Add it to the sorted list. — ii)Get all of its children from the graph. — iii)Decrement the in-degree of each child by 1. — iv)If a child’s in-degree becomes ‘0’, add it to the sources Queue. b) Repeat (a), until the source Queue is empty. How to identify the Topological Sort pattern: The problem will deal with graphs that have no directed cycles If you’re asked to update all objects in a sorted order If you have a class of objects that follow a particular order Problems featuring the Topological Sort pattern: Task scheduling (medium) Minimum height of a tree (hard) What next? Experiencing LeetCode fatigue? Learn these 14 patterns and you’ll have a more complete picture of how to approach a problem no matter the question. If you’re interested in a deeper dive through the above patterns or the example problems under each one, check out . It’s the latest course in the Grokking interview series, used by 20,000+ learners to land jobs at top tech companies. Grokking the Coding Interview: Patterns for Coding Questions The highest endorsement I can give it is that I really wish it was around when I was still preparing for coding interviews.

14 Patterns to Ace Any Coding Interview Question

14 patrones para dominar cualquier pregunta de entrevista de codificación

The digitalization of customer experience has put high pressure on CTOs and their organizations and demands from the business are at an all-time high. This, combined with the talent shortage makes it impossible to deliver on the growing expectations. But there is a way to unburden the tech organization by empowering the digital business teams to be more autonomous in their mission to modernize and digitalize the customer experience, without the CTO losing control, and it’s called; an Experience Data Platform. When Tech leaders empower their digital teams with an Experience Data Platform, they also unburden their own backlog. - Jimmy Ekbäck First, what is an Experience Data Platform? An Experience Data Platform is an emerging type of software that enables digital teams to build digital experiences much faster. Using this type of software, data can be unified from different systems (e.g., customer data from CRM, product data from PIM, transactional data from ERP, shipping data from WMS) and accessed instantly without spending months on data integration. With all data in one place, anyone without any coding skills can easily pick and choose desired assets and combined them into a purpose-built API that is instantly available for a frontend developer to quickly build a new digital experience. All data also becomes available in a real-time state so the experience can be scaled globally friction-free. As you can imagine, this has many benefits, several of them serving the tech organization in genuinely nice ways. Benefits for Tech leaders using an Experience Data Platform Stay in control while making digital teams more autonomous As a CTO/CIO/Tech Leader you want to ensure that core business processes and systems are protected and that there is cohesiveness in the company’s tech strategy. It isn’t strange to feel that if too much decision power is moved to the different departments, things could easily get out of hand, and you will be in charge of cleaning up the mess. Using an Experience Data Platform that simply persist the data from your core backend systems (ERP, PIM, CRM, etc), makes it possible to combine into new virtual data structures and makes it available for the digital team to build experiences without the support from you and your team. You get the best of two worlds. You don’t need to overload each backend system by putting data there that it is not intended for, and you don’t need to add another integration that is under constant threat to break for your digital team to access the data they need. Stop spending lots of time and money building and maintaining integrations for customer experience applications Unifying your experience data into one place means you no longer need to move data between databases/systems and data models that aren’t built to fit together. You can stop getting questions from the business about building the same integrations over and over again and just shuffle data back and forth between different systems. A task that risks to dilute your data takes a lot of time, and needs long-term maintenance. This is time and effort that your team can use to work on other initiatives instead of just implementing similar integrations repeatedly. Reduce friction between the tech team and the business team The digital team wants to execute their ideas and your inbox is flooded and the backlog is just growing. It is impossible for you to prioritize everything at once and you simply need to say no or that they need to wait 6-12-18 months. This does unfortunately cause a lot of internal friction. By making the data available for the business team, so they can run more autonomously, you will unlock a lot of friction points and will enable them to execute their mission without putting too much pressure on your tech team. It’s a win-win and a lot more happy faces! Bring more initiatives to market without hiring more developers In Sweden alone, it is predicted that by 2024, 25 000 developers are missing in the market. The hiring game is a game you simply cannot win, and you need to do something/invest differently to overcome the talent shortage in the market. at hypergrowth e-tailer Nordic Nest; he says that by using an Experience Data Platform from Occtoo he has managed to overcome the challenge of lack of developers (because fewer integrations are needed) and has been able to prioritize initiatives that otherwise never would have seen daylight. Suddenly, you can tick things off from your backlog at a much faster pace without the need to hire more developers. Jacob Rastad is CTO Enable experimentation and innovation To be able to work opportunistically with innovation and digital experimentation, access to data is crucial. Data is the fuel for executing new innovations, and if your business teams don’t have access to it, the company simply cannot test and try new things. By using an Experience Data Platform, the time to market for these new MVPs, prototypes, or whatever you want to call them, is much faster, hence also much more cost-effective. This means that your company suddenly can experiment at a much higher pace, not only because you can do more with less, but also because it comes with much less risk. Make your organization more agile and fast-moving When asked about what the main priorities are for tech leaders today, many say that they are tasked with making the organization more agile and adaptable to change. By using an Experience Data Platform your business teams can quickly go from idea to deployment. Whenever the world throws you a punch from the left or right, they will have the means to act quickly and deploy whatever digital solution or service that is necessary to survive in the new business landscape, dictated by the change in the market. This will truly future-proof your company and is a safe bet to reach a new level of agility and adaptability. How nice would it be to check off that box in the next board meeting? About the Author: Jimmy Ekbäck Jimmy Ekbäck is co-founder and Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at . Jimmy’s combined passion for new technology and frustration over legacy technology holding CX professionals back from launching innovative ideas is what brought the seed of Occtoo to life. Prior to founding Occtoo, Jimmy has founded and acted as CTO at inRiver, a globally recognized Product Information Management System. Occtoo Also published here.

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