ABZU

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LIBIDO. A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF PRIMITIVE HUMAN DISCOVERIES

Let's learn about via these 27 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Fake News /Learn Repo 1. The Outbreak: Detecting Fake Viral News, Automatically Two weeks ago i published this post about how we can detect fake viral news, using the Outbreak, a tool designed at automatically identify viral news, before they go viral. 2. The Good and The Bad Examples of Blockchain Partnerships 3. The State of Fake News: 10 Key Takeaways, Problems, and Solutions Fake news is everywhere these days...or is it? Our new report entitled "The State of Misinformation 2021" evaluates the threat people in both the US and Europe 4. How War Led to AI Fighting Fake News How does AI help to fight fake news? The use case that we created during the war. 5. How Blockchain Could Immunize the Internet Against Distrust Technology may be powerful, but it’s also fragile. In recent years, a series of events--from Facebook’s Cambridge Analytica scandal to Equifax’s massive data breach--have eroded the public’s trust not only in large companies, but in the Internet itself. The proliferation of fake news has us doubting every article we read. Deepfake photos and videos leave us wondering if we can trust our own eyes, or if what we see is just AI-generated. 6. Victim Bias and Blockchain We live in an age where "Fake News" is rife. Could a verifiable voting system be the solution? The problem is "fake evidence" is at best a self-serving distraction. It's a way of pretending to believe in an alternative world. 7. Bot Strategies: Manipulating Democratic Discourse Two-thirds of Americans know what bots are, from a strictly negative perspective—and not without good reason. Malicious bot activity has evolved over time, from hackers using bots to infect millions of devices with malware to the more modern usage as spreaders of propaganda, fake news, and false social media accounts. 8. A Brief Into to NLP in the Media & Communication Industry In this write-up, we will understand the role of NLP in the media industry, its impact, and how it will help to clear out the issues hampering growth. 9. How You Can Combat Misinformation on the Internet Actions individuals can take to fight against the recent trend of misinformation and protect themselves on the internet. 10. Artifact News: The Potential Challenger to Elon Musk's Twitter Supremacy Artifact News has emerged as a potential challenger to Elon Musk's version of Twitter, which has faced criticism for its content moderation policies and reinstatement of incendiary accounts.Since Musk took over, Twitter have become increasingly polarized, leading to a growing number of users who are dissatisfied with the lack of content moderation policies among others. Enter Artifact News, the newly launched news reader app by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, the co-founders of Instagram. Artifact News aims to be the challenger to Elon Musk's Twitter, presenting itself as a reliable source of news for those who want an alternative to Twitter. 11. Fake News: The Dual Approach to Recognise and Combat Misinformation Is fake news here to stay? What many just consider a buzzword is actually manipulated media that draws the viewer into a reality that's not real. According to The Columbia Journalism Review, fake news could take the form of doctored photos or videos to show something that didn't happen, or show photos or videos of something that did happen and say it represents something else. It could also take the form of parody sites that are mistaken for truth, fake news websites, imposter news sites designed to look like brands we already know, or simply the spread of false information. Whatever form it takes, fake news can go viral, and can sway thoughts and actions of those who believe it. 12. COVID-19: AI Fighting the Pandemic Terror Coronavirus: the alarming threat creates mayhem in the lives of many. Despite the terrifying conditions, technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data are mending ways of detecting an outbreak. 13. 10 Ways Fake News is Killing The Economy : From Anti-Vaxxers To The Stock Market Diverse sections of the economy are facing very real costs from bad actors propagating fake news online. In a study, undertaken by cybersecurity company CHEQ (where I work) and the Merrick School of Business at the University of Baltimore, the full economic losses from fake news were revealed. Here are 10 sectors facing urgent and damaging losses from the epidemic of fake news. 14. The Outbreak: How to Detect The Real Viral Posts Compared to The One Hour Share Spike To get more information's about what is the Outbreak tool, read this post. 15. These Are The Secret Weapons of Fake News Modern fake news has evolved into a complex organism, carefully designed to hide its deceptive mechanisms from any potential victim. But although the fake news field has grown into every possible digital channel, the truth is that at its core, in order to be effective, it still relies on exploiting our most basic human characteristics. 16. How We're Fighting False News with Artificial Intelligence The artificial intelligence applied research startup Abzu identifies false news with its proprietary QLattice. In the latest Reuters Institute Digital News Report, less than four in ten people said that they trust most news most of the time (that’s 38% surveyed in January 2020, a fall of four percentage points from 2019)¹. Imagine the numbers today. 17. Verified Writers vs. GPT3: Combating Disinformation with the Rise of Robots Most of us have heard about the Cambridge Analytica Facebook scandal. We know that content on Facebook was combined with big data analytics to unethically manipulate users politically. 18. How to Combat Fake News While a widespread censorship law wouldn't be the right solution, there are many ways to combat fake news through transparency and accountability on the internet, and through increasing media literacy so people can recognize fake news when they see it. 19. We Are All Responsible for Misinformation Management Over the last few months misinformation has been spreading almost as quickly as the coronavirus. Social media has been inundated with false claims and misleading statements. 20. As AI Gets Better at Writing, There's Some Trouble on the Horizon In the realm of AI development, there's perhaps no more important goal than to create systems that can truly master natural language processing (NLP). That's the key to making AI broadly useful, as it will need to interact with humans (who lack the programming skills to speak machine languages). On the path to NLP, it's fair to say that getting an AI to speak human languages is a prerequisite to getting them to understand what people are saying. 21. Lessons Learned From Sharing 30 Fake Stories Created With ChatGPT Insights and lessons from a fake news experiment. 22. Fake Websites, Fake Companies, Fake Everything: What Can We Do to Protect Ourselves? Malware protection should act the same way, as a set of shields that protect the entire browser from any type of malware, not just traditional threats. 23. How the Internet Could Evolve to Fight Fake News During the Corona Pandemic The Problem 24. How AI is Making it Easier to Spread Fake News Is Bitcoin the revolution against unequal economic systems, or a scam and money laundry mechanism? Will artificial intelligence (AI) improve and boost humankind, or terminate our species? These questions present incompatible scenarios, but you will find supporters for all of them. They cannot be all right, so who’s wrong then? 25. Effective Techniques Against Disinformation We need to be aware of our news diet and critical thinking (being able to objectively follow news and change our minds if we come across relevant information). 26. How Information Technology & Web 3.0 Is Leveraged to Help Ukraine & Cancel Russia Information technology, privacy solutions, blockchain, web 3.0, and social media are supporting Ukraine and cancelling Russia. 27. A Proposal for the Universal Solution to Fake News Powered by AI, DLT, and a global Community Thank you for checking out the 27 most read stories about Fake News on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

27 Stories To Learn About Fake News

Hey there Noonies! Hope the afternoon is going great with lots of code and coffee. Even I was just sitting by the window enjoying rain when suddenly the sky turned dark and I wanted to switch on the light to read my book better, but the switch is on the other side of the room! So, I just said, Hey Alexa, switch on the lights, and voila! After a while I switched on my TV and there it was, Gracie, helping out the covid patients and our front line superheroes amidst the pandemic. From a light switch to a pandemic, seems like artificial intelligence is slowly winning the world. Well, if you wanna join the race, here you go with the top stories on Artificial Intelligence on Hacker Noon. Solving the Problem of Bias in Artificial Intelligence By @itrex Back in 2018, the American Civil Liberties Union found out that Amazon’s Rekognition, face surveillance technology used by police and courting departments across the US, shows AI bias. During the test, the software incorrectly matched 28 members of Congress with the mugshots of people who have been arrested for committing a crime, and 40% of the false matches were people of color. In this article, we’ll dot the i’s, zooming in on the concept, root causes, types, and ethical implications of AI bias, as well as list practical debiasing techniques shared by our AI consultants that worth including in your AI strategy. 4 Reasons Why CFOs Must Adopt Artificial Intelligence By @michael-usiagwu In today’s fast-paced world, CFOs must be open to empowering their finance team with AI-based technologies for increasing efficiency and improving the finance department's processes cost-effectively. There are some significant benefits that CFOs can derive from applying various skills in their work routine. One such skill is the integration of AI-Based technology to work smarter and save money. China Testing Artificial Intelligence Emotion Detection On Uyghurs By @smith-willas Chinese authorities are testing systems that use AI and facial recognition to detect emotional states. This is reported by the BBC with reference to an unnamed developer of this technology. Experts Boosty Labs, a company that focuses on smart contract development and blockchain app development, share their thoughts of this innovative trend’s implications. Beijing is accused by many countries of the genocide of the Uyghur population. 5 Problems That Artificial Intelligence Cannot Yet Solve By @jeanhartley Artificial Intelligence beats people at Go and Dota 2, helps diagnose diseases, and tests scientific hypotheses. According to analysts at IDC, global spending on AI in 2022 will total nearly $78 billion, more than tripling in four years. AI seems omnipotent, but it can't handle a number of tasks. We need to be realistic about artificial intelligence and stop expecting it to solve all of humanity's problems. Essential Guide to Artificial Intelligence Project Costs By @itrex How much does it cost to create a custom artificial intelligence system? The honest answer would be “it depends”, as the price of developing, implementing, and maintaining custom artificial intelligence systems is driven by a number of factors and can only be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In this article, however, we’ll figure out what these factors are and provide ballpark estimates of several AI-based solutions from our portfolio. Additionally, we’ll give you several tips on how to approach your first artificial intelligence project and get the most value out of your AI investments. How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Modern Radiology By @itrex The radiology department of an average healthcare facility is likely searching for improvements. Even before COVID-19, 45% of radiologists experienced burnout at one point in their career. They felt overwhelmed with the administrative burden and the large number of images they had to check manually, which could reach up to a hundred scans per day. Additionally, radiology practice is lacking non-invasive methods for tissue classification. Invasive procedures take time and cause stress to patients. Artificial Intelligence: Multimillennial Data Transmitted To Machines With Brains By @Eye on AI Artificial intelligence feeds on data, and data is piling up from increasingly cheap sensors and surging Internet use: videos, images, text; time-series data, machine data; structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data. And while AI is currently confined to narrow problems in discreet domains, the ambition of machine-learning researchers globally is to write algorithms that can cross domains, transferring learning from one kind of data to another. Will Artificial Intelligence Replace Portfolio Managers in The Financial Industry? By @mariojosepalma Artificial Intelligence (AI) chess gamers and poker players have already proven they could beat human masters. What’s to stop AI from doing the same with financial markets? What happens when AI becomes a portfolio player? 11 Of The Best Artificial Intelligence Enterprise Chatbots in 2021 By @aasif-khan Chatbots for businesses help them engage their website visitors and convert them into potential customers. The implementation of chatbots transforms the way businesses interact with their users. They can use a chatbot AI for sales, marketing, customer support, and automate many other business tasks. To make the best AI chatbot for your business, you need an efficient chatbot builder with various advanced features. In this post, we have listed different chatbot builders with their features, pros, and cons. Just go through the post and find the one that best fits your business needs. Artificial Intelligence Business Opportunities: 10 Steps to Implement By @adrien-book Creating a smart algorithm is not yet a given for many entrepreneurs and small businesses, who might lack the resources to launch a successful Artificial Intelligence program. Amplifying Fintech And Artificial Intelligence By @tanveerzafar The institutional investment was one of the top talking points for the crypto space in 2020. It was quite understandable, with companies looking to stay positive on their balance sheets and make gains with Bitcoin. There are pockets of the crypto space that believe the increase in institutional investment was what helped Bitcoin break its previous all-time high. It is quite understandable, considering that most institutions tend to put huge money into Bitcoin when they come in. Artificial Intelligence: Drawing Inspiration from Human Capabilities By @whatsai This video is both an introduction to the recent paper Thinking Fast and Slow in AI by Francesca Rossi and her team at IBM and to Luis Lamb's most recent paper Neurosymbolic AI: the 3rd Wave of AI. 6 Essential Terms To Know Before Hiring Artificial Intelligence Consulting Companies By @scalr If you’re looking to hire someone for artificial intelligence consulting services, you need to understand these 6 AI terms before you get started to get the most out of your consultations. Understanding these basic concepts will allow you to assist your developers in providing you the solution you are looking for. At the end of the day, working alongside your consultants is the best way to see the results you desire. Decentralized Social Media: Prediction Markets VS Artificial Intelligence By @den Social media is a valuable tool to express your identity. Even more so in times where social distance is the supposed new normal. But who decides the exact type of content you consume when scrolling through the news feeds of Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, or TikTok? Most of the social media platforms with the highest adoption were created before Bitcoin and blockchain saw the day of light. Since then, blockchain and cryptocurrencies have evolved tremendously, offering a treasure without limit. Just as in government and enterprise IT systems, social media platforms also are slow to adopt new technology. When it comes to copying each other's features - of which Stories are a prime example - social media platforms have no issues adapting. YouTube, Twitter, and even LinkedIn have stories now. Addressing Four Myths About the AI Industry: Reasons Not to Fear Artificial Intelligence By @sshwartz Many people are worried about artificial intelligence taking over the world. A recent study found that 60% of the people in the UK fear AI. Tesla founder Elon Musk says that AI is humanity’s “biggest existential threat,” and that it poses a “fundamental risk to the existence of civilization.” Unlock Your Career in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning By @greatlearning The significance of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) has increased by much in technology in recent years. It has gone to a point where they are helping businesses gain an advantage over their competitors. With the ever-increasing volumes of data generated each day, it becomes essential to process it in real-time. How Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping the IT Industry By @sundus-noor Artificial Intelligence has powerfully penetrated the way we live. It doesn’t only change the way we work but also reshaped how we used to live. Speaking of AI, it is one of the most interesting technologies that we’ve ever encountered. Without a doubt, AI is contributing a lot in boosting business and IT productivity. Therefore, in this blog, I will highlight important insights on how AI is reshaping IT. Before digging deeper into details, let’s start with some basics on AI and how it works. How Artificial Intelligence is Changing the ATS World By @manatal The rising interest in applicant tracking systems should not come as a surprise. Our research has shown that the majority of modern-day companies do not, in fact, use ATS solutions for their recruitment needs. But this rise in interest has changed the landscape in recent years. A list of artificial intelligence tools you can use today — for personal use By @liamhanel Artificial Intelligence and the fourth industrial revolution has made some considerable progress over the last couple of years. Most of this current progress that is usable has been developed for industry and business purposes, as you’ll see in coming posts. Research institutes and dedicated, specialised companies are working toward the ultimate goal of AI (cracking artificial general intelligence), developing open platforms and the looking into the ethics that follow suit. There are also a good handful of companies working on AI products for consumers, which is what we’ll be kicking this series of posts off with. How We're Fighting False News with Artificial Intelligence By @Elyse The artificial intelligence applied research startup Abzu identifies false news with its proprietary QLattice. In the latest Reuters Institute Digital News Report, less than four in ten people said that they trust most news most of the time (that’s 38% surveyed in January 2020, a fall of four percentage points from 2019)¹. Imagine the numbers today. AI Facts Every Dev Should Know: Artificial intelligence is older than you, probably By @silvie The hype around AI is growing rapidly, as most research companies predict AI will take on an increasingly important role in the future. While business leaders are very interested in leveraging machine learning technology, there’s a talent shortage standing in the way. It turns out that there are very few developers that have the skills needed to spearhead serious new AI projects. This means that developers who can acquire these skills will be highly in demand. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humans By @yazeed-alabdallah Artificial Intelligence is in many ways reshaping our tools and human-based methods, from the medical field to everyday gadgets and entertainment, to outer space. Humans are relying on AI more and more every day. Being one born in the 21st century it’s becoming fairly obligatory to have at least a basic understanding or how AI functions, how it is based to replace more "traditional" methods, and how it’s implemented within your field of work. We are understanding AI even more than ever and making advancements every day consequently making it one of the most important technological innovations of our lifetime, having more money poured in investments, researching AI, and machine learning than ever. Artificial Intelligence and Online Privacy: Blessing and a Curse By @Lizard Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a beautiful piece of technology made to seamlessly augment our everyday experience. It is widely utilized in everything starting from marketing to even traffic light moderation in cities like Pittsburg. However, swords have two edges and the AI is no different. There are a fair number of upsides as well as downsides that follow such technological advancements. 8 Use Cases for Voice Cloning with Artificial Intelligence By @alexsrdiuk If you thought that voice cloning and deepfakes are recent buzzwords, think again. The first original record of mimicking human voice dates back to 1779, in Russia. Professor Christian Kratzenstein built acoustic resonators that mimicked the human vocal tract when activated by means of vibrating reeds (just like wind instruments), in his lab in St. Petersburg. Nowadays, voice cloning with artificial intelligence is used for a myriad of applications in industries such as film, video game production, audiobooks and podcasts, and more. Artificial Intelligence and Forensic Science Methods of Measuring Lies and Innocence In Courts By @veroshiko A properly working and open judicial system facilitates civil harmony by upholding by enhancing democratic principles and norms, as well as defending against abuses of freedoms. Moreover, the futures of people embroiled in court cases have a huge effect. A previous study by New South Wales' Law and Justice Foundation showed that conflicts deemed "severe"/moderate" in people's daily lives is related to having at least one civil issue, according to more than half of respondents.

Top 25 Publications About AI You Have To Read

Sony PlayStation shared a huge announcement . The smash-hit, award-winning game, Horizon Zero Dawn, will be available as a free download for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 players as part of an upcoming Play at Home content drop. The day has now arrived, and Horizon Zero Dawn: Complete Edition is available as a free download to PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 owners until May 14. last month The Complete Edition of Horizon Zero Dawn features all the additional DLC that was released for the game, along with the original base game and The Frozen Wilds. It was originally released for PS4 in December 2017. The free download on Horizon Zero Dawn: Complete will run from April 19 at 8:00 pm PST to May 14 at 8:00 pm PST. Additionally, Sony Interactive Entertainment Content Communications Senior Director Sid Shuman has confirmed that the 10 free games for Play at Home on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation VR will still be available as free downloads until April 22 at 8:00 pm PST. To make things quicker, players can add the game to their content library using Sony PlayStation's . Here's the list of free indie games players can still download for free for Play At Home 2021: official website Abzu Enter the Gungeon Rez Infinite Subnautica The Witness And here are the PSVR titles that can still be downloaded for the next few days: Astro Bot Rescue Mission Moss Thumper Paper Beast Horizon Zero Dawn: Complete Edition is normally running about $19.99 these days. So, it's not a bad deal to try a hit game for free on the PS4 or 5. Other News in Gaming: Call of Duty: Mobile Season 3 Arrives with Tokyo Escap Godzilla Battle Line Receives New Gameplay Trailer & Key Art Power Rangers: Battle for the Grid Brings in Ryu & Chun-Li With the Street Fighter Pack

Horizon Zero Dawn: Complete Edition is Free Until May 14

The artificial intelligence applied research startup Abzu identifies false news with its proprietary QLattice. In the latest , (that’s 38% surveyed in January 2020, a fall of four percentage points from 2019)¹. Imagine the numbers today. Reuters Institute Digital News Report less than four in ten people said that they trust most news most of the time Today’s global crises make it all too obvious the necessity for dependable and factual journalism, yet we are exposed to a continuum of information authored by innumerable sources with debatable credentials. Slaves to our most basic emotions — fear, disgust, and surprise² — we are inflamed by an addictive negative feedback loop of our own creation. We crave the truth, but data shows we force-feed ourselves lies. That’s why it’s . so exciting that artificial intelligence paired with a media marketplace could save us from our own humanity By any definition, it’s dishonesty of describes seven types of fake news³, ranging from accidental to insidious. The defines it as three “notions”: dis-information, mis-information, and mal-information⁴. Claire Wardle First Draft Council of Europe By any definition, no matter how nuanced the spectrum of intent, . And although the behind the creation is integral to understanding the misinformation ecosystem, the — simply the ability to identify content as true or false — is highly difficult for humans. false news is dishonesty why what And what is most worrisome is the increasing global effect of false news over our political, economic, and social well-being. ² “Fake news is not a problem of potential swing voters being misled. It reflects the potential for people on the extremes to be trapped in echo chambers that aren’t just reinforcing their opinions, but providing them with false and misleading factual claims that seem to reinforce those opinions .” Make a list of possible rabble-rousers and their intentions — rogue nationalities, organized activists, propagandists, trolls, or excitable grandparents — . the devil is in the dissemination, not the details Don’t blame the bot A study done by Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral in 2018 found that “robots accelerated the spread of true and false news at the same rate, implying that false news spreads more than the truth because humans, not robots, are more likely to spread it.” Their research found that falsehoods travel six times faster, on average, than truth. And although falsehoods outpaced the truth on every subject, the pace for politics was unparalleled². When campaigns use incorrect imagery with the intent to sway and shock, as a , they prey on our natural tendency towards sensationalism. new ad for President Trump’s reelection campaign did to reinforce the presence of “chaos & violence” in the US Exactly the intensity of emotional reactions induced by a story influences human behavior requires more study, but we do know that content which arouses greater fear, disgust, and surprise compels individuals to share farther, faster, and deeper². how If a human brain can’t evaluate a story’s veracity, especially under emotional duress, two Danish growth startups, and , wondered if a robot brain could. Abzu Byrd Turns out, Abzu’s proprietary QLattice — a — through Byrd’s platform — a media marketplace for news outlets — . new artificial intelligence technology can rate the truthiness of content very, very well Abzu’s proprietary AI identifies false news is a leading breaking news and content platform that connects news outlets with photographers and videographers in real time through their marketplace. is an artificial intelligence applied research startup with a pioneering, and neural networks. Byrd Byrd Breaking Abzu explainable and transparent machine learning technology inspired by quantum mechanics Together, these Danish startups have built a solution that , rating media with a probability score of trustworthiness. automatically detects, and flags, falsified content in breaking news Each story and corresponding media undergo a machine learning verification process that captures the majority of false content, even as news breaks. If the artificial intelligence is uncertain, Byrd manually verifies content. The transparent and explainable graph-based models from Abzu allow Byrd to precisely understand what inputs have been used to determine if content has been falsified. This means that Abzu’s transparent and explainable AI models allow Byrd to understand specifically why content was flagged as false, no matter the intent behind the falsification. Once the — the ability to identify content as true or false — has been taken out of our sweaty and clumsy human hands and put into a robot’s capable and steady algorithms, then the behind false news creation can be explored. what why This will empower journalists and the news media to explore and tell stories more thoroughly, accurately, and confidently. In a world of increasing instability, . that is the kind of data-driven decision making that creates transformational industry leaders What a time to be a̵l̵i̵v̵e̵ dead inside It’s vital for media networks to ensure stories are true and trustworthy. Mortal extremes exacerbate our consumption of and attitude towards news media, and we don’t need another crisis or election to remind us how susceptible we are to conspiracies and misinformation. False news is an increasing global “infodemic” precisely because journalists — professional rationalists in emotional storms — no longer govern journalism. Greater access to social media and other platforms used to circulate news provides greater access to a wider range of sources and “alternative facts”. But Abzu and Byrd see a different future: one where journalists and the news media can identify the trustworthiness of content with conviction, and can navigate the news ecosystem to a more transparent and trustworthy place. “Our photographers are a crucial source of information, and we need to identify anyone trying to bring distrust into the media flow. With Abzu, we have been able to identify the majority of falsified news and also understand the reasons why stories are being falsified. It has given us another tool to fight fake news — and this tool applies itself.” Mikkel Reymann Stephensen, co-founder of Byrd When falsehoods are 70% more likely to be retweeted than the truth², how can humans preserve a news ecosystem that values and promotes accuracy? By introducing a little cold rationality to the environs; an artificially intelligent ally to save us from our own humanity. About Abzu was born from a desire to challenge the fundamental assumptions of contemporary AI, believing that the future of AI lies in the more lifelike simulation of self-organizing systems. Abzu’s pioneering machine learning technology is inspired by quantum mechanics and neural networks, resulting in a transparent and trustworthy AI. Founded in January 2018, Abzu is an applied research startup with offices in Copenhagen, Denmark and Barcelona, Spain. Abzu About Byrd is a leading content platform that connects media outlets with photographers and videographers in real time. Byrd’s platform makes it easy, enticing, and worthwhile for anyone to help media cover the news. The subscription-based marketplace is designed for journalists and news outlets to access high-quality media anytime and anywhere. Byrd [1] . Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2020, . Digital News Report 2020 https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-06/DNR_2020_FINAL.pdf [2] . Science, 2018, . The Spread of True and False News Online https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1146 [3] First Draft, 2017. . Fake News. It’s Complicated. https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/fake-news-complicated/ [4] Council of Europe report, 2017. . Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Search and Policymaking. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-report-november-2017/1680764666

How We're Fighting False News with Artificial Intelligence

For JuNoGenMo[1] this year, I wrote a small script to generate work in the style of sumerian mythology. Sumerian mythology, in the form of translated primary sources, has a number of attributes that make it suitable for prose generation. The original sources tend to be extremely repetitive, prone to inserting long lists, and without a strong narrative. Part of this is the use of exhaustive lists of epithets. For instance, here is a portion of an actual myth: Grandiloquent lord of heaven and earth, self-reliant, Father Enki, engendered by a bull, begotten by a wild bull, cherished by Enlil, the Great Mountain, beloved by holy An, king, tree planted in the Abzu, rising over all lands; great dragon who stands in Eridug, whose shadow covers heaven and earth, a grove of vines extending over the Land, Enki, lord of plenty of the Anuna gods, Nudimmud, mighty one of the E-kur, strong one of heaven and earth! Your great house is founded in the Abzu, the great mooring-post of heaven and earth. Enki, from whom a single glance is enough to unsettle the heart of the mountains; wherever bison are born, where stags are born, where ibex are born, where wild goats are born, in meadows ……, in hollows in the heart of the hills, in green …… unvisited by man, you have fixed your gaze on the heart of the Land as on split reeds. meš About eighty percent of that paragraph is a list of alternate names for or attributes of the god Enki. Only the final line, “you have fixed your gaze on the heart of the Land as on split reeds”, is action — and the action in question is . looking down Other times, the author suddenly descends into exhaustive lists of types of things, as with this section, where he lists musical instruments: "He made {the lyre, the instrument, the drum with the drumsticks} {( ) the lyre, the instrument, the drum of your priests} {( ) your lyre and instrument, the drum with the drumsticks} {( ) the lyre, the _alĝar_instrument, the drum and even the plectrum (?)}, the , the , and the …… _miritum_instruments offer their best for his holy temple. The …… resounded by themselves with a sweet sound. The holy instrument of Enki played for him on his own and seven {singers sang} {( ) drums resounded.}" alĝar balaĝ some mss. have instead: alĝar balaĝ sur 1 ms. has instead: alĝar balaĝ 1 ms. has instead: balaĝ ḫarḫar sabitum alĝar some mss. have instead: tigi The inclusion of editorial notes indicating variations between sources expands this further. (This pattern probably has something to do with the style in which scribes were educated: they spent much of their time transcribing lists of related objects or animals read aloud by a teacher, then later transcribed myths read aloud.) The style in which sumerian gods are usually named is also well-fitted to generation. Usually, their name is a combination of the word for their general domain and either ‘en’ or ‘nin’ (both of which mean ‘lord’ or ‘master’). Generally speaking, there is also some drift, as gods have their domains overlap with others in the pantheon & take on some of the same epithets. (For instance, Enki, whose domain is water & creativity, is strongly associated with the manufacture of alcoholic beverages, even though that domain is properly owned by Ninkashi — ‘our lady of drinks’.) Taking inspiration from , I created , then produced . I could then of arbitrary length. the use of categorized corpora in Emily Short’s Annals of the Perrigues lists of specific domains associated with sumerian words lists of epithets associated with those domains generate a god name and a list of associated epithets Having produced god names, I created templates for stories. Actual sumerian myths are often fairly narratively simple (when they aren’t overly repetitive and complex), and so I turned the plots of some actual myths into templates: storyTemplates=["%a% went to the market in %city%. There were %band% %a% met %b%.","%a% was sitting on a throne. Around %a% there were %band% and %band% and %band% and the throne was in %city%.","%a% and %b% made a bet, wagering %wagers%. %a% won, and %b% became jealous, accusing %a% of cheating. So, %b% and %a% made another bet, and %a% won again. Finally, %b% removed all their clothes and seduced %a%, who gave up their winnings, and %b% left on a magic boat","%a% was sad. %b% said, \"%a%, why are you crying?\" %a% didn't respond. %b% said, \"%a%, my %a%, why do you cry? You are %a%, %a% is who is crying. Why should %a% cry?\" %a% saw that %b% was correct. %a% was happy again."] The first template here is not based on an existing myth, but the second is based on , the third template is based on , and the fourth is based on the final section of . Enki’s Journey to Nibiru Enki and Ninmah Enki and the World Order I also substitute in actual city names & constructed musical instrument names. The musical instruments found in sumerian records are often difficult to categorize or describe, since the names used bear no relationship to more modern names with which we have more complete records associated. (This is a common problem with sumerian taxonomies of things — it’s a long-dead language that was completely lost & forgotten for thousands of years, and one in which long lists of names were more common than descriptions. There are lots of plant and animal lists that are similarly obscure.) As a result, I simply generate gibberish names — as meaningful, in most cases, to a scholar of the ancient near east as actual sumerian musical instrument names: def musicalInstrumentName():return (random.choice(["b", "c", "d", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "z", ""])+random.choice(["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"])+random.choice(["b", "c", "d", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "z", ""])+random.choice(["b", "c", "d", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "z", ""])+random.choice(["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"])+  random.choice(["b", "c", "d", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "z", ""])+" "+random.choice(["drums", "lutes", "flutes", "whistles", "reeds", "birds", "singers", "lamentation singers"])) Finally, I produce titles, based on the common format found in actual titles: storyNames=["The lamentation of %a%","The lamentation of %a% in %city%","%a% and %b%", "%a% and %b% in %city%","%a% and the lord of %city%","%a% and the priest of %b%"] The results aren’t exactly readable, but they are almost precisely as readable as the sumerian myths themselves. LILNIN AND ENKASHI Ninki,[14 ms have: ,beloved Ninki,[22 ms have: ,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,[22 ms have: ,beloved Ninki,[11 ms have: ,whose advice is always advisable,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose domain is the earth,whose domain is the land,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose domain is the earth,beloved Ninki,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose domain is the earth,whose domain is the land,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the earth,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,beloved Ninki,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,beloved Ninki,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,who puts the continents in their places,who puts the continents in their placeswas sad. Kien,whose domain is the earth,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose advice is always advisable,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose domain is the land,who puts the continents in their places,whose domain is the land,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,beloved Kien,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Kien,whose domain is the land,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose domain is the land,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,who puts the continents in their places,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose advice is always advisable,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who puts the continents in their places,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,beloved Kien,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,Kien,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose domain is the earth,whose advice is always advisable,[20 ms have: ,who puts the continents in their placessaid, "Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose domain is the land, why are you crying?" Ninki,who sets the nations and draws their borders,who puts the continents in their places,whose advice is always advisable,[4 ms have: ,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,who puts the continents in their places,who sets the nations and draws their bordersdidn't respond. Kien,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the land,beloved Kien,whose domain is the earth,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose domain is the land,[2 ms have: ,beloved Kien,whose domain is the earth,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose domain is the landsaid, "Ninki,whose advice is always advisable,beloved Ninki,whose advice is always advisable,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,beloved Ninki,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose domain is the earth,beloved Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who puts the continents in their places,beloved Ninki,who puts the continents in their places,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the earth,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable, my Ninki,who sets the nations and draws their borders,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,Ninki,whose advice is always advisable,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the earth,whose advice is always advisable,beloved Ninki,who puts the continents in their places,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose domain is the earth,[8 ms have: ,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,[2 ms have: ,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,who sets the nations and draws their borders, why do you cry? You are Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose excrement fertilizes the fields, Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who sets the nations and draws their borders,beloved Ninki,whose advice is always advisable,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose domain is the earth,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose advice is always advisable,beloved Ninki,whose domain is the land,who sets the nations and draws their borders,[2 ms have: ,who puts the continents in their places,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the land,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,[10 ms have: ,who puts the continents in their places,whose plow-furroughs are the valleysis who is crying. Why should Ninki,[7 ms have: ,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the land,beloved Ninki,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,[15 ms have: ,whose domain is the earth,whose advice is always advisable,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,[18 ms have: ,beloved Ninki,whose domain is the land,beloved Ninki,whose domain is the earth,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,[10 ms have: ,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,beloved Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,Ninki,whose domain is the land,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,[9 ms have: ,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose domain is the land,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose advice is always advisablecry?" Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,who puts the continents in their places,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose advice is always advisable,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who puts the continents in their places,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose advice is always advisable,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose advice is always advisable,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,who puts the continents in their places,beloved Ninki,whose domain is the earth,[11 ms have: ,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose domain is the land,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose advice is always advisable,whose domain is the land,beloved Ninki,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,beloved Ninki,whose advice is always advisable,who puts the continents in their places,whose plow-furroughs are the valleys,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,beloved Ninki,who puts the continents in their places,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose advice is always advisable,whose advice is always advisablesaw that Kien,whose hands build the mountains and topple them,whose dung-heaps are the mountains,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisablewas correct. Ninki,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,whose advice is always advisable,beloved Ninki,Ninki,beloved Ninki,who sets the nations and draws their borders,whose excrement fertilizes the fields,[11 ms have: ,whose plow-furroughs are the valleyswas happy again. Here is , and here is . For actual ancient sumerian texts, see . the complete generator a novel-length output the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) [1] JuNoGenMo is an unofficial off-season version of NaNoGenMo done in June. Theoretically, it’s for people who will be busy in November. In practice, most JuNoGenMo projects are done by people who already do multiple NaNoGenMo projects every year & get impatient about waiting until November to start.

Fiction generator post-mortem: mythology generation

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Question about illustration of chemical bonds *: can you create an illustration explaining these types of chemical bonds?* P1 *: Certainly! Let's break down the explanation and illustration into three parts:* ChatGPT 1. Covalent Bonding 2. Ionic Bonding 3. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Covalent Bonding: *: Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, holding the atoms together. This type of bond is common between non-metals.* Description *: Imagine two circles (representing atoms) with electrons (smaller circles or dots) around them. When they come close, they share some of these electrons.* Illustration ***2. Ionic Bonding: *** *: Ionic bonds are formed when one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom. This creates a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion). The opposite charges attract each other, holding the atoms together. This type of bond is common between metals and non-metals.* Description *: Imagine two circles (representing atoms). One atom has an extra electron which it donates to the other. This creates a "+" sign on the donating atom (cation) and a "-" sign on the receiving atom (anion). They are attracted due to opposite charges.* Illustration ***3. Hydrogen Bonding: *** *: Hydrogen bonds are a type of weak bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom* Description bonded to a strongly electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) is attracted to another electronegative atom. They are especially important in water molecules and in the structure of DNA. *: Imagine a water molecule (H2O) with a hydrogen atom (H) and an oxygen atom (O). The hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule. This attraction is represented by a dotted line, indicating the hydrogen bond. Now, let's create a visual representation for each of these bond types.* Illustration * Here's the visual representation of the three types of bonds: 1. Covalent Bonding: Atoms A and B are sharing electrons, represented by the blue dots between them. The red line indicates the covalent bond formed by this sharing. 2. Ionic Bonding: Atom A has donated an electron to Atom B. As a result, Atom A becomes positively charged (A+) and Atom B becomes negatively charged (B-). The dashed red line indicates the attraction between these oppositely charged ions. 3. Hydrogen Bonding: The hydrogen atom (H) bonded to the oxygen atom (O) is attracted to another oxygen atom. The solid red line indicates the covalent bond within the molecule, while the dashed green line represents the weaker hydrogen bond. I hope this helps clarify the differences between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds! BingChat: * *: Sure. Here is an illustration explaining the different types of chemical bonds:* Bard Ionic bonds ionic bond between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom * In an ionic bond, one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. This results in two oppositely charged ions, which are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. In the image above, the sodium atom transfers one electron to the chlorine atom. The sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion (Na+), and the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl-). The Na+ and Cl- ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, and they form an ionic bond. Covalent bonds * covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are typically formed between nonmetals. In the image above, the two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons. The two hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded together. Hydrogen bonds * hydrogen bond between two water molecules A hydrogen bond is a special type of weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and surface tension. In the image above, the hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in another water molecule. This hydrogen bond is weaker than a covalent bond, but it is strong enough to hold the two water molecules together. I hope this illustration helps you to understand the different types of chemical bonds. Please let me know if you have any other questions. *: Here is an illustrated explanation of the three main types of chemical bonds - ionic,covalent, and hydrogen bonds:* Claude * In this illustration: • Ionic bonding is shown with the full electron transfer between the sodium and chlorine atoms, forming charged ions that attract. • Covalent bonding is shown with the shared pair of electrons between two hydrogen atoms. • Hydrogen bonding is shown with the polarity of the water molecule, leading to electrostatic attraction between molecules. Let me know if a visual explanation like this helps differentiate the types of bonds! I can create more illustrated examples to demonstrate chemical concepts. Images and diagrams can sometimes bring these abstract ideas to life. starts with the usual “Certainly!,” followed by "Let's break down the explanation," which demonstrates . After a detailed description of what the visualisation should comprise, repeatedly asking the student to “Imagine” something, it generated a quite crude “visual representation of the three types of bonds”, finalising with a “I hope this help clarify”. solely reliance on four high-quality, yet generic, pictures of chemical bonds not only did the images fail to employ effective , but they also did not promote genuine , failing to deeply engage users in the topic. The content also lacked in , as it missed drawing on parallels or real-world examples. Furthermore, the images also missed adding a , making the learning experience feel less tailored and intimate. used , by providing a comprehensive explanation, accompanied by three specific images sourced from the internet, each distinctly depicting a type of bond, adding . Concluding its explanation, added a touch of , expressing, “I hope this illustration helps you” and prompting further engagement with “Please let me know...” depiction was even more rudimentary, presenting bond details in textual format instead of offering a lucid visual illustration. Such a choice reflected a deficiency in and diminished , even though the final assertion “Images and diagrams can sometimes bring these abstract ideas to life.” While the closing remarks of "Let me know" and "I can create more illustrated examples" hint at a desire for , the lack of an actual tailored visual representation undermines this effort. ChatGPT Reinforcement & Feedback Instructional strategy Personalization & Personable Touch BingChat’s Instructional Strategies Engagement & Interactivity Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Personalization & Personable Touch Bard Instructional strategy Detail Depth & Content Recommendation Bard Personalization & Personable Touch Claude's Instructional Strategies Engagement & Interactivity Personalization & Personable Touch This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How GenAIbots Repond to Questions About Illustration of Chemical Bonds

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