AI Consciousness is Inevitable: A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective: References

Authors: (1) Lenore Blum (lblum@cs.cmu.edu); (2) Manuel Blum (mblum@cs.cmu.edu). Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Brief Overview of CtmR, a Robot with a CTM Brain 2.1 Formal Definition of CtmR 2.2 Conscious Attention in CtmR 2.3 Conscious Awareness and the Feeling of Consciousness in CtmR 2.4 CtmR as a Framework for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 3 Alignment of CtmR with Other Theories of Consciousness 4 Addressing Kevin Mitchell’s questions from the perspective of CtmR 5 Summary and Conclusions 6 Acknowledgements 7 Appendix 7.1 A Brief History of the Theoretical Computer Science Approach to Computation 7.2 The Probabilistic Competition for Conscious Attention and the Influence of Disposition on it References References Baars, Bernard J. (1997). In the Theater of Consciousness: A rigorous scientific theory of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 4(4), 292-309. . Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015). Pleasure systems in the brain. Neuron, 86(3), 646-664. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018. Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness . Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 18(2), 227-247. Blum, A. (1995, July). Empirical support for winnow and weighted-majority algorithms: Results on a calendar scheduling domain. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Machine Learning, (pp. 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-55860-377-6.50017-7). Blum, A., Hopcroft, J., & Kannan, R. (2015). Foundations of Data Science. Ithaca. Retrieved from https://www.cs.cornell.edu/jeh/book.pdf Blum, L., & Blum, M. (2022, May 24). A theory of consciousness from a theoretical computer science perspective: Insights from the Conscious Turing Machine. PNAS, 119(21), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21159341. Blum, L., & Blum, M. (2023). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Consciousness and Artificial General Intelligence. Engineering, 25(5), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.010. Blum, M., & Blum, L. (2021, March). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Consciousness. JAIC, 8(1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2705078521500028. Blum, M., & Blum, L. (2022, December 24). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Free Will. Retrieved from ArXiv: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.13942 Carney, J. (2020). Thinking avant la lettre: A Review of 4E Cognition. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 4(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.4.1.172. Chalmers, D. J. (1995). Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2(3), 200-219. Church, A. (1936). A note on the Entscheidungsproblem. J. of Symbolic Logic, 1 (1936), 40-41, 1, 40-41. Clark, A. (2008, Jan). Pressing the Flesh: A Tension in the Study of the Embodied, Embedded Mind? . JPhilosophy and Phenomenological Research, 76(1), 37-59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40041151. Clark, A. (2015). Embodied prediction. In T. Metzinger, & J. Windt, Open Mind. Frankfurt am Main: MIND Group. Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (1998, January). The Extended Mind. Analysis, 58(a), 7-19. Cleeremans, A. (2014). Prediction as a computational correlate of consciousness. International Journal of Anticipatory Computing Systems, 29, 3-13. Cook, S. A. (1971). The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, (pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1145/800157.805047). Damasio, A. (1994). The Feeling of What Happens. NY, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Co,. Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts. New York: Viking Press. Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2005, April 12). Ongoing Spontaneous Activity Controls Access to Consciousness: A Neuronal Model for Inattentional Blindness. PLoS Biol, 3(5), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030141. Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2011, April 28). Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron, 70(2), 200-227. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018. Dehaene, S., & Naccache, L. (2001, April). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79(1-2), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2. Dehaene, S., Lau, H., & Kouider, S. (2017, Oct 27). What is consciousness, and could machines have it? Science, 58(6362), 486-492. doi: 10.1126/science.aan8871. Edelman, G. M. (2006, Summer). The Embodiment of Mind. Daedalus, 135(3), 23-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028049. Edmonds, J. (1965). Paths, trees, and flowers. Can. J. Math., 17, 449–467. doi:10.4153/CJM-1965- 045-4. Elias, A., Thomas, N., & Sackeim, H. A. (2021). Electroconvulsive Therapy in Mania: A Review of 80 Years of Clinical Experience. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(3), 229-239. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030238. Friston, K. (2005, April 29). A theory of cortical responses. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 360, 815-836. doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1622. Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nature reviews neuroscience, 11(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787. Graziano, M. S., Guterstam, A., Bio, B., & Wilterson, A. (2020, May-June). Toward a standard model of consciousness: Reconciling the attention schema, global workspace, higher-order thought, and illusionist theories. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 37(3-4)(3-4), 155-172. Retrieved from doi:10.1080/02643294.2019.1670630 Hatami, P., & Hoza, W. (2024). Paradigms for Unconditional Pseudorandom Generators . Foundations and Trends® in Theoretical Computer Science, 16(1-2), 1-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0400000109. Hohwy, J., & Seth, A. (2020). Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousness (preprint). PsyArXiv , psyarxiv.com/nd82g. Humphrey, N. (2023). Sentience: The Invention of Consciousness. Cambridge, Massachusetts, US: MIT Press. Kanai, R., & Fujisawa, I. (2023, September 25). Towards a Universal Theory of Consciousness. PsyArXiv Preprints, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r5t2n. Karp, R. M. (1972). Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems. (R. E. Miller, & J. W. Thatcher, Eds.) New York: Plenum. Lee, T. S., & Mumford, D. (2003). Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Optics, image science and vision, 20(7), 1434-1448. Lenharo, M. (2024, January 18). Consciousness - The future of an embattled field (The consciousness wars: can scientists ever agree on how the mind works? ). Nature, 625, 438- 440. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-00107-7. Levin, L. A. (1973). Universal Sequential Search Problems. Probl. Peredachi Inf., 9(3), 115-116. Liang, P. P. (2022, April 14). Brainish: Formalizing A Multimodal Language for Intelligence and Consciousness. Retrieved from ArXiv. Libet, B. (1985). Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8(4), 529-539. Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. C. (2020, March 4). Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis. Neuron, 195(5), 776-798. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026. Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1972). De Maquinas y Seres Vivos, Autopoiesis: La organizacion de lo vivo. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, S. A. Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Boston: Reidel. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88(5), 375-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.375. Miller, G. A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158. Miller, M., Clark, A., & Schlicht, T. (2022). Editorial: Predictive Processing and Consciousness. Rev.Phil.Psych., 13, 797-808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-022-00666-6. Mitchell, K. (2023, September 18). What questions should a real theory of consciousness encompass? . Retrieved February 2024, from Wiring the Brain: http://www.wiringthebrain.com/2023/09/what-questions-should-real-theory-of.html Mohan, T., Tharyan, P., Alexander, J., & Raveendran, N. (2009, March). Effects of stimulus intensity on the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly, bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotics in acute mania: a randomised controlled trial. Bipolar Disord, 11(2), 126-134. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00668.x. Nagel, T. (1974, October). What Is It Like To Be a Bat? Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914. Parr, T., Da Costa, L., & Friston, K. 2. (2019). Markov blankets, information geometry and stochastic thermodynamics. Phil.Trans.R. Soc., http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0159. Rowlands, M. J. (2010). The New Science of the Mind From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology. Cambridge, MA, US: The MIT Press. Sergent, C., & Dehaene, S. (2005, July-November). Neural processes underlying conscious perception: experimental findings and a global neuronal workspace framework. J Physiol Paris, 98(4-6), 374-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.09.006. Seth, A. K. (2015). The Cybernetic Bayesian Brain - From Interoceptive Inference to Sensorimotor Contingencies. In T. Metzinger, & J. M. Windt, Open MIND (p. doi: 10.15502/9783958570108 23 | 24). Frankfurt am Main: MIND Group. Shanahan, M. (2005). Global Access, Embodiment, and the Conscious Subject. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12(12), 46-66. Solms, M. (2019). The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle. Front. Psychol. , 9(2714), doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02714. Solms, M. (2021). The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness. New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton and Company. Solms, M., & Friston, K. (2018). How and Why Consciousness Arises: Some Considerations from Physics and Physiology. Journal of Consciousness Studies 25 (5-6):202-238. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 25(5-6), 202-238. Storm, & et.al. (2024, March 5). An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness. Neuron, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016. Thomas, P. K., White, P. J., & Dursun, S. (2018, Sept 10). Treating electroconvulsive therapy-induced mania with more electroconvulsive therapy: Evidence for electroconvulsive therapy as the ultra-mood stabilizer. SAGE Open Med Case Rep., 6, doi: 10.1177/2050313X18799236. Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in life. Harvard University Press. Tononi, G. (2004, November 2). An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neuroscience, 5(42), 42-72. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-5-42. Tononi, G., & Koch, C. (2015, May 19). Consciousness: here, there and everywhere? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 370 (1668), https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0167. Turing, A. M. (1937). On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2(42), 230-265. https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230. VanRullen, R., & Kanai, R. (2021, May 14). Deep learning and the Global Workspace Theory. Trends in Neurosciences, 44(9), 692-704. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.04.005. Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind. Camb, MA: MIT P von Helmholtz, H. (1866; 1962). Treatise on physiological optics (Vol. 3). (J. Southall, Ed.) New York, NY: Dover Publication. Zacks, O., & Jablonka, E. (2023, September 13). The evolutionary origins of the Global Neuronal Workspace in vertebrates. Neuroscience of Consciousness, https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad020. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Lenore Blum (lblum@cs.cmu.edu); (2) Manuel Blum (mblum@cs.cmu.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Lenore Blum (lblum@cs.cmu.edu); (2) Manuel Blum (mblum@cs.cmu.edu). Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Brief Overview of CtmR, a Robot with a CTM Brain 2.1 Formal Definition of CtmR 2.1 Formal Definition of CtmR 2.2 Conscious Attention in CtmR 2.2 Conscious Attention in CtmR 2.3 Conscious Awareness and the Feeling of Consciousness in CtmR 2.3 Conscious Awareness and the Feeling of Consciousness in CtmR 2.4 CtmR as a Framework for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 2.4 CtmR as a Framework for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 3 Alignment of CtmR with Other Theories of Consciousness 3 Alignment of CtmR with Other Theories of Consciousness 4 Addressing Kevin Mitchell’s questions from the perspective of CtmR 4 Addressing Kevin Mitchell’s questions from the perspective of CtmR 5 Summary and Conclusions 5 Summary and Conclusions 6 Acknowledgements 6 Acknowledgements 7 Appendix 7.1 A Brief History of the Theoretical Computer Science Approach to Computation 7.1 A Brief History of the Theoretical Computer Science Approach to Computation 7.2 The Probabilistic Competition for Conscious Attention and the Influence of Disposition on it 7.2 The Probabilistic Competition for Conscious Attention and the Influence of Disposition on it References References References Baars, Bernard J. (1997). In the Theater of Consciousness: A rigorous scientific theory of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 4(4), 292-309. . Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015). Pleasure systems in the brain. Neuron, 86(3), 646-664. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018. Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness . Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 18(2), 227-247. Blum, A. (1995, July). Empirical support for winnow and weighted-majority algorithms: Results on a calendar scheduling domain. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Machine Learning, (pp. 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-55860-377-6.50017-7). Blum, A., Hopcroft, J., & Kannan, R. (2015). Foundations of Data Science. Ithaca. Retrieved from https://www.cs.cornell.edu/jeh/book.pdf Blum, L., & Blum, M. (2022, May 24). A theory of consciousness from a theoretical computer science perspective: Insights from the Conscious Turing Machine. PNAS, 119(21), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21159341. Blum, L., & Blum, M. (2023). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Consciousness and Artificial General Intelligence. Engineering, 25(5), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.010. Blum, M., & Blum, L. (2021, March). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Consciousness. JAIC, 8(1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2705078521500028. Blum, M., & Blum, L. (2022, December 24). A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Free Will. Retrieved from ArXiv: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.13942 Carney, J. (2020). Thinking avant la lettre: A Review of 4E Cognition. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 4(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.4.1.172. Chalmers, D. J. (1995). Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2(3), 200-219. Church, A. (1936). A note on the Entscheidungsproblem. J. of Symbolic Logic, 1 (1936), 40-41, 1, 40-41. Clark, A. (2008, Jan). Pressing the Flesh: A Tension in the Study of the Embodied, Embedded Mind? . JPhilosophy and Phenomenological Research, 76(1), 37-59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40041151. Clark, A. (2015). Embodied prediction. In T. Metzinger, & J. Windt, Open Mind. Frankfurt am Main: MIND Group. Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (1998, January). The Extended Mind. Analysis, 58(a), 7-19. Cleeremans, A. (2014). Prediction as a computational correlate of consciousness. International Journal of Anticipatory Computing Systems, 29, 3-13. Cook, S. A. (1971). The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, (pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1145/800157.805047). Damasio, A. (1994). The Feeling of What Happens. NY, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Co,. Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts. New York: Viking Press. Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2005, April 12). Ongoing Spontaneous Activity Controls Access to Consciousness: A Neuronal Model for Inattentional Blindness. PLoS Biol, 3(5), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030141. Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2011, April 28). Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron, 70(2), 200-227. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018. Dehaene, S., & Naccache, L. (2001, April). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79(1-2), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2. Dehaene, S., Lau, H., & Kouider, S. (2017, Oct 27). What is consciousness, and could machines have it? Science, 58(6362), 486-492. doi: 10.1126/science.aan8871. Edelman, G. M. (2006, Summer). The Embodiment of Mind. Daedalus, 135(3), 23-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028049. Edmonds, J. (1965). Paths, trees, and flowers. Can. J. Math., 17, 449–467. doi:10.4153/CJM-1965- 045-4. Elias, A., Thomas, N., & Sackeim, H. A. (2021). Electroconvulsive Therapy in Mania: A Review of 80 Years of Clinical Experience. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(3), 229-239. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030238. Friston, K. (2005, April 29). A theory of cortical responses. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 360, 815-836. doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1622. Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nature reviews neuroscience, 11(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787. Graziano, M. S., Guterstam, A., Bio, B., & Wilterson, A. (2020, May-June). Toward a standard model of consciousness: Reconciling the attention schema, global workspace, higher-order thought, and illusionist theories. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 37(3-4)(3-4), 155-172. Retrieved from doi:10.1080/02643294.2019.1670630 Hatami, P., & Hoza, W. (2024). Paradigms for Unconditional Pseudorandom Generators . Foundations and Trends® in Theoretical Computer Science, 16(1-2), 1-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0400000109. Hohwy, J., & Seth, A. (2020). Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousness (preprint). PsyArXiv , psyarxiv.com/nd82g. Humphrey, N. (2023). Sentience: The Invention of Consciousness. Cambridge, Massachusetts, US: MIT Press. Kanai, R., & Fujisawa, I. (2023, September 25). Towards a Universal Theory of Consciousness. PsyArXiv Preprints, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r5t2n. Karp, R. M. (1972). Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems. (R. E. Miller, & J. W. Thatcher, Eds.) New York: Plenum. Lee, T. S., & Mumford, D. (2003). Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Optics, image science and vision, 20(7), 1434-1448. Lenharo, M. (2024, January 18). Consciousness - The future of an embattled field (The consciousness wars: can scientists ever agree on how the mind works? ). Nature, 625, 438- 440. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-00107-7. Levin, L. A. (1973). Universal Sequential Search Problems. Probl. Peredachi Inf., 9(3), 115-116. Liang, P. P. (2022, April 14). Brainish: Formalizing A Multimodal Language for Intelligence and Consciousness. Retrieved from ArXiv. Libet, B. (1985). Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8(4), 529-539. Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. C. (2020, March 4). Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis. Neuron, 195(5), 776-798. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026. Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1972). De Maquinas y Seres Vivos, Autopoiesis: La organizacion de lo vivo. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, S. A. Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Boston: Reidel. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88(5), 375-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.375. Miller, G. A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158. Miller, M., Clark, A., & Schlicht, T. (2022). Editorial: Predictive Processing and Consciousness. Rev.Phil.Psych., 13, 797-808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-022-00666-6. Mitchell, K. (2023, September 18). What questions should a real theory of consciousness encompass? . Retrieved February 2024, from Wiring the Brain: http://www.wiringthebrain.com/2023/09/what-questions-should-real-theory-of.html Mohan, T., Tharyan, P., Alexander, J., & Raveendran, N. (2009, March). Effects of stimulus intensity on the efficacy and safety of twice-weekly, bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with antipsychotics in acute mania: a randomised controlled trial. Bipolar Disord, 11(2), 126-134. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00668.x. Nagel, T. (1974, October). What Is It Like To Be a Bat? Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914. Parr, T., Da Costa, L., & Friston, K. 2. (2019). Markov blankets, information geometry and stochastic thermodynamics. Phil.Trans.R. Soc., http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0159. Rowlands, M. J. (2010). The New Science of the Mind From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology. Cambridge, MA, US: The MIT Press. Sergent, C., & Dehaene, S. (2005, July-November). Neural processes underlying conscious perception: experimental findings and a global neuronal workspace framework. J Physiol Paris, 98(4-6), 374-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.09.006. Seth, A. K. (2015). The Cybernetic Bayesian Brain - From Interoceptive Inference to Sensorimotor Contingencies. In T. Metzinger, & J. M. Windt, Open MIND (p. doi: 10.15502/9783958570108 23 | 24). Frankfurt am Main: MIND Group. Shanahan, M. (2005). Global Access, Embodiment, and the Conscious Subject. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12(12), 46-66. Solms, M. (2019). The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle. Front. Psychol. , 9(2714), doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02714. Solms, M. (2021). The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness. New York, NY, US: W. W. Norton and Company. Solms, M., & Friston, K. (2018). How and Why Consciousness Arises: Some Considerations from Physics and Physiology. Journal of Consciousness Studies 25 (5-6):202-238. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 25(5-6), 202-238. Storm, & et.al. (2024, March 5). An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness. Neuron, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016. Thomas, P. K., White, P. J., & Dursun, S. (2018, Sept 10). Treating electroconvulsive therapy-induced mania with more electroconvulsive therapy: Evidence for electroconvulsive therapy as the ultra-mood stabilizer. SAGE Open Med Case Rep., 6, doi: 10.1177/2050313X18799236. Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in life. Harvard University Press. Tononi, G. (2004, November 2). An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neuroscience, 5(42), 42-72. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-5-42. Tononi, G., & Koch, C. (2015, May 19). Consciousness: here, there and everywhere? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 370 (1668), https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0167. Turing, A. M. (1937). On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2(42), 230-265. https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230. VanRullen, R., & Kanai, R. (2021, May 14). Deep learning and the Global Workspace Theory. Trends in Neurosciences, 44(9), 692-704. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.04.005. Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind. Camb, MA: MIT P von Helmholtz, H. (1866; 1962). Treatise on physiological optics (Vol. 3). (J. Southall, Ed.) New York, NY: Dover Publication. Zacks, O., & Jablonka, E. (2023, September 13). The evolutionary origins of the Global Neuronal Workspace in vertebrates. Neuroscience of Consciousness, https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad020. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv