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Sensor fusion is the process of combining data from multiple physical sensors in real time, while also adding information from mathematical models to create an accurate picture of the local environment. A system can then use this data to plan and act toward an objective or destination. The cost of sensors has been declining for decades, while the quality of collected data has been increasing. The use of sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles will lead to significant innovation and know-how, which will find application in a wide variety of industries.