Python is great for many things. One thing, in particular, is hacking together code to develop and deploy simple web apps for particular functions or utilities you may need in your business. In this tutorial, I’ll be going over several how to integrate , , and , a cloud service that exposes local servers behind NATs and firewalls to the public internet over secure tunnels. Twilio’s Programmable SMS systems using their Communications REST API Python’s Flask micro-framework ngrok Outbound SMS — How Does It Work? Using Twilio’s REST API, you can send outgoing SMS messages from your Twilio phone number to mobile phones around the globe. Your application makes a post request to Twilio. Once received, Twilio sends a text message to a number declared in the Python script, or whatever variable is declared. It’s that simple. Creating a Twilio Account & Purchasing a Number Before you begin, you’ll need to open an account with Twilio and also purchase a number that your messages will be sent from. It’s a fairly simple process and you won’t need to spend anything for this tutorial as they give you free credits to purchase and test out their services. If you plan on integrating Twilio into your business, you will incur some costs in the future so it’d be a good idea to skim over their pricing model. Head over to and sign up for a free account. Once registered, you can purchase a number using the credits they give new members. For the sake of brevity, Twilio.com I’ll link you to their support page on How to Purchase a Number. Make sure you purchase a number that is SMS capable. Setting Up Your Environment and Installing Packages In my last post, I went over how to . You might want to check that out first but if you already have, let’s begin by installing package. configure Ubuntu for Python development, Flask apps, and VirtualEnv twilio (NOTE: You should be on Python3 for this tutorial.) pip install twilio With Twilio installed, we can now send outbound messages from the number we purchased to target numbers with a simple Python script. Create and open a new file called and type or paste in this code sample. Make sure to replace the placeholder values with your own information send_sms.py (those being your _account_sid_ , _auth_token_ , _body_ , _from_ , and _to_ fields. You can find your Account SID and Auth Token in your Twilio Console. ) # Download the helper library from https://www.twilio.com/docs/python/install from twilio.rest import Client # Your Account Sid and Auth Token from twilio.com/consoleaccount_sid = ‘AC00000000000000000000000000000’auth_token = ‘your_auth_token’client = Client(account_sid, auth_token) message = client.messages.create(body=’This is a test message!’,from_=’[+][1][5555555555]',to=’[+][1][6666666666]')print(message.sid) Replace the placeholder values with your own information. Once done, save and run the script with the command below: python send_sms.py That’s it! You should have a message from your Twilio phone number hit your cell phone shortly. You’ll see a prefix to your message if you are on a Trial account. Ignore my goofy test messages :P Receiving and Replying to Incoming SMS Messages In order to receive and reply to incoming SMS messages, we will need to install Flask, setup a virtualenv sandbox, and also configure ngork so Twilio can talk to our app. Let’s begin. Installing Pip and Virtualenv If you are familiar at all with Python development or have seen my last post on setting up a development environment, this should seem familiar. Lucky for us, if you are on Python 3.4+, pip should automatically be installed. If not, Google is your friend. Not to install virtualenv, just run the following command: pip install virtualenv Once installed, navigate to your directory where you are keeping this project and create a virtual environment. cd ~/path_to_your_projectvirtualenv — no-site-packages . ###ACTIVATE THE VIRTUALENV SANDBOXsource bin/activate Once activated, you should see the name of your project sandbox prefixed in your terminal. If you are confused or ran into an issue, see one of my previous posts here. Installing dependencies in your Virtualenv Virtualenv is great for testing apps and installing packages and dependencies unique to each project. For this Twilio app, we are going to need two packages. Start by creating a new file called and adding the following lines: requirements.txt ###YOUR VERSIONS MAY VARY WHEN DEPENDING WHEN YOU GO THROUGH THIS TUTORIAL Flask>=0.12twilio~=6.16.0 Then install these packages by running the following: bin/pip install -r requirements.txt If all is well, we can test everything by creating a test file and running it locally. Make sure your virtualenv is activated, navigate to your project folder and create a new file called . Paste or write the following code: run.py from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__) .route(“/sms”)def hello():return “This is your Twilio App Working!” @app if __name__ == “__main__”:app.run(debug=True) Test code for the Twilio app in Flask. Now let’s run the script by running . You should see: Naviage to . You should see the following text in your browser: python run.py * Running on [http://127.0.0.1:5000/](http://127.0.0.1:5000/) localhost:5000/sms What you should see if you did it correctly. Allow Twilio to talk to your Flask App Using ngrok When you’re working on your Flask application in your development environment, your app is only reachable by other programs on your computer. This is why your app is only available on or . In order to resolve this, we can deploy our app on something like Heroku, AWS, or other cloud services, but for this specific tutorial, we are going to use ngrok. localhost 127.0.0.1 , ngrok Once started, Ngrok provides a unique URL on the ngrok.io domain which forwards incoming requests to your local development environment. If you’ve never used ngrok, head over to their and grab the binary for your OS. Per their own website “allows you to expose a web server running on your local machine to the internet. Just tell ngrok what port your web server is listening on.” download page Once the package has been downloaded and unzipped, we can run our test app we made previously: . Then in a new terminal app, we’ll initialize a session with ngrok with the following command: python run.py ./ngrok http 5000 You should see output similar to the terminal in the top left of the screenshot below: Ngrok gives you public access to locally hosted applications. Copy your unique public address, put it in a browser, and trail it with a . For instance, the address above should be “ ”. “/sms/” http://a0f8f155.ngrok.io/sms Replying to Incoming SMS Messages Sent from Twilio When someone sends an SMS to your Twilio phone number, Twilio makes an HTTP request to your server asking for instructions on what to do next. Once you receive the request, you can tell Twilio to reply with an SMS, kick off a phone call, store details about the message in your database, or trigger an entirely different action. For this specific tutorial, we’ll have Twilio reply to the user’s response with an acknowledgment receipt. Use a text editor to open again and edit the code to reflect the following: run.py # /usr/bin/env python# Download the twilio-python library from twilio.com/docs/libraries/pythonfrom flask import Flask, requestfrom twilio.twiml.messaging_response import MessagingResponse app = Flask(__name__) .route("/sms", methods=['GET', 'POST'])def sms_ahoy_reply():"""Respond to incoming messages with a receipt SMS."""# Start our responseresp = MessagingResponse() @app # Add a messageresp.message("Thank you for your response! We are confirming your message.") return str(resp) if __name__ == "__main__":app.run(debug=True) Feel free to edit the code above, especially the line under I was playing around with my code while watching the Matrix so my messages will seem goofy in the following examples. # Add a message. Save the file and run the command again. Make sure ngrok is still running and copy the custom public URL they give you. For Twilio to know what URL to grab, we need to configure our Twilio phone number to call your webhook URL whenever a new message comes in, which is what ngrok does for us. python run.py Log into Twilio.com and go to the , click on your SMS-enabled phone number and find the Messaging section. The default “CONFIGURE WITH” is what you’ll need: “ / ”. Console’s Numbers page Webhooks TwiML In the “A MESSAGE COMES IN” section, select “Webhook” and paste in the URL you want to use. Paste your custom ngrok URL in the Twilio Console Number’s page. Now let’s test your entire SMS messaging app by executing your two python scripts. ###RUN THIS TO SEND THE INITIAL TEXTpython send_sms.py ###RUN THIS TO MAKE SURE TWILIO IS LISTENING FOR THE RESPONSEpython run.py Everything running together. You can confirm your response script is publicly available by going to the URL. You should receive your initial text, and if you reply to it, you should get the response text that you coded in your second python script. Again, ignore my goofy Matrix references :P That’s pretty much it! With the knowledge from this tutorial, you can build out a fully-fledged web app that you have more than likely interacted with already. Many professions from doctors and dentists use services like this to confirm appointments, or even ride-sharing apps like Uber to confirm a user is ready to be picked up. There are many other Twilio tutorials out there that guide you through similar processes. Piece some of them together to build your own custom app!
