This AI Prevents Bad Hair Days

Could this be the technological innovation that hairstylists have been dying for? I'm sure a majority of us have had a bad haircut or two. But hopefully, with this AI, you'll never have to guess what a new haircut will look like ever again.

This AI can transfer a new hairstyle and/or color to a portrait to see how it would look like before committing to the change. Learn more about it below!

Watch the video

References:

►The full article: https://www.louisbouchard.ai/barbershop/

►Peihao Zhu et al., (2021), Barbershop, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.01505.pdf

►Project link: https://zpdesu.github.io/Barbershop/

►Code: https://github.com/ZPdesu/Barbershop

Video Transcript

00:00

This article is not about a new technology in itself.

00:03

Instead, it is about a new and exciting application of GANs.

00:06

Indeed, you saw the title, and it wasn't clickbait.

00:10

This AI can transfer your hair to see how it would look like before committing to the

00:15

change.

00:16

We all know that it may be hard to change your hairstyle even if you'd like to.

00:19

Well, at least for myself, I'm used to the same haircut for years, telling my hairdresser

00:24

"same as last time" every 3 or 4 months even if I'd like a change.

00:29

I just can't commit, afraid it would look weird and unusual.

00:33

Of course, this all in our head as we are the only ones caring about our haircut, but

00:38

this tool could be a real game-changer for some of us, helping us to decide whether or

00:43

not to commit to such a change having great insights on how it will look on us.

00:48

Nonetheless, these moments where you can see in the future before taking a guess are rare.

00:53

Even if it's not totally accurate, it's still pretty cool to have such an excellent approximation

00:57

of how something like a new haircut could look like, relieving us of some of the stress

01:02

of trying something new while keeping the exciting part.

01:06

Of course, haircuts are very superficial compared to more useful applications.

01:10

Still, it is a step forward towards "seeing in the future" using AI, which is pretty cool.

01:17

Indeed, this new technique sort of enables us to predict the future, even if it's just

01:22

the future of our haircut.

01:24

But before diving into how it works, I am curious to know what you think about this.

01:28

In any other field: What other application(s) would you like to see using AI to "see into

01:34

the future"?

01:38

It can change not only the style of your hair but also the color from multiple image examples.

01:44

You can basically give three things to the algorithm:

01:47

a picture of yourself a picture of someone with the hairstyle you

01:51

would like to have and another picture (or the same one) of the hair

01:55

color you would like to tryand it merges everything on yourself realistically.

01:59

The results are seriously impressive.

02:02

If you do not trust my judgment, as I would completely understand based on my artistic

02:06

skill level, they also conducted a user study on 396 participants.

02:12

Their solution was preferred 95 percent of the time!

02:17

Of course, you can find more details about this study in the references below if this

02:21

seems too hard to believe.

02:22

As you may suspect, we are playing with faces here, so it is using a very similar process

02:27

as the past papers I covered, changing the face into cartoons or other styles that are

02:33

all using GANs.

02:34

Since it is extremely similar, I'll let you watch my other videos where I explained how

02:39

GANs work in-depth, and I'll focus on what is new with this method here and why it works

02:45

so well.

02:46

A GAN architecture can learn to transpose specific features or styles of an image onto

02:52

another.

02:53

The problem is that they often look unrealistic because of the lighting differences, occlusions

02:58

it may have, or even simply the position of the head that are different in both pictures.

03:04

All of these small details make this problem very challenging, causing artifacts in the

03:09

generated image.

03:10

Here's a simple example to better visualize this problem, if you take the hair of someone

03:11

from a picture taken in a dark room and try to put it on yourself outside in daylight,

03:12

even if it is transposed perfectly on your head, it will still look weird.

03:13

Typically, these other techniques using GANs try to encode the pictures' information and

03:15

explicitly identify the region associated with the hair attributes in this encoding

03:21

to switch them.

03:22

It works well when the two pictures are taken in similar conditions, but it won't look real

03:27

most of the time for the reasons I just mentioned.

03:30

Then, they had to use another network to fix the relighting, holes, and other weird artifacts

03:36

caused by the merging.

03:38

So the goal here was to transpose the hairstyle and color of a specific picture onto your

03:43

own picture while changing the results to follow the lighting and property of your picture

03:49

to make it convincing and realistic all at once, reducing the steps and sources of errors.

03:55

If this last paragraph was unclear, I strongly recommend watching the video at the end of

03:56

this article as there are more visual examples to help to understand.

03:57

To achieve that, Peihao Zhu et al. added a missing but essential alignment step to GANs.

04:01

Indeed, instead of simply encoding the images and merge them, it slightly alters the encoding

04:07

following a different segmentation mask to make the latent code from the two images more

04:12

similar.

04:13

As I mentioned, they can both edit the structure and the style or appearance of the hair.

04:18

Here, the structure is, of course, the geometry of the hair, telling us if it's curly, wavy,

04:24

or straight.

04:25

If you've seen my other videos, you already know that GANs encode the information using

04:30

convolutions.

04:31

This means it uses kernels to downscale the information at each layer and makes it smaller

04:37

and smaller, thus iteratively removing spatial details while giving more and more value to

04:43

general information to the resulting output.

04:46

This structural information is obtained, as always, from the early layers of the GAN,

04:52

so before the encoding becomes too general and, well, too encoded to represent spatial

04:58

features.

04:59

Appearance refers to the deeply encoded information, including hair color, texture, and lighting.

05:05

You know where the information is taken from the different images, but now, how do they

05:10

merge this information and make it look more realistic than previous approaches?

05:15

This is done using segmentation maps from the images.

05:18

And more precisely, generating this wanted new image based on an aligned version of our

05:24

target and reference image.

05:26

The reference image is our own image, and the target image the hairstyle we want to

05:31

apply.

05:32

These segmentation maps tell us what the image contains and where it is, hair, skin, eyes,

05:38

nose, etc.

05:40

Using this information from the different images, they can align the heads following

05:44

the target image structure before sending the images to the network for encoding using

05:49

a modified StyleGAN2-based architecture.

05:52

One that I already covered numerous times.

05:55

This alignment makes the encoded information much more easily comparable and reconstructable.

06:00

Then, for the appearance and illumination problem, they find an appropriate mixture

06:05

ratio of these appearances encodings from the target and reference images for the same

06:11

segmented regions making it look as real as possible.

06:15

Here's what the results look like without the alignment on the left column and their

06:19

approach on the right.

06:21

Of course, this process is a bit more complicated, and all the details can be found in the paper

06:26

linked in the references.

06:27

Note that just like most GANs implementations, their architecture needed to be trained.

06:32

Here, they used a StyleGAN2-base network trained on the FFHQ dataset.

06:38

Then, since they made many modifications, as we just discussed, they trained a second

06:42

time their modified StleGAN2 network using 198 pairs of images as hairstyle transfer

06:50

examples to optimize the model's decision for both the appearance mixture ratio and

06:55

the structural encodings.

06:57

Also, as you may expect, there are still some imperfections like these ones where their

07:02

approach fails to align the segmentation masks or to reconstruct the face.Still, the results

07:08

are extremely impressive and it is great that they are openly sharing the limitations.

07:13

As they state in the paper, the source code for their method will be made public after

07:18

an eventual publication of the paper.

07:21

The link to the official GitHub repo is in the references below, hoping that it will

07:25

be released soon.

07:27

Thank you for watching!