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The field of AI was formally established at a conference held at Dartmouth University in 1956 and coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” Between 1956 and 1974, universities and government agencies invested a countless amount of money and resources in AI researches. The success of this period made people overly optimistic and began to have high expectations for AI. However, the technology and hardware equipment at the time could not keep up with novel AI, leading to the first AI winter in 1974. It wasn’t until 1997 when IBM’s Deep Blue defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov that made the general public realize the power of AI.