Kill Static, Revive Objects TL;DR: Replace static functions with object interactions. Problems Addressed High coupling due to global access
Poor testability
Overloaded protocols in classes
Decreased cohesion Related Code Smells https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-v-evj3zs9 Steps Identify static methods used in your code.
Replace static methods with instance methods.
Pass dependencies explicitly through constructors or method parameters.
Refactor clients to interact with objects instead of static functions. Sample Code Before class CharacterUtils {
    static createOrpheus() {
        return { name: "Orpheus", role: "Musician" };
    }

    static createEurydice() {
        return { name: "Eurydice", role: "Wanderer" };
    }
    
    static lookBack(character) {
      if (character.name === "Orpheus") {
        return "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
    } else if (character.name === "Eurydice") {
        return "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";
    }
       return "Unknown character.";
  }
}

const orpheus = CharacterUtils.createOrpheus();
const eurydice = CharacterUtils.createEurydice(); After // 1. Identify static methods used in your code.
// 2. Replace static methods with instance methods.
// 3. Pass dependencies explicitly through
// constructors or method parameters.

class Character {
    constructor(name, role, lookBackBehavior) {
        this.name = name;
        this.role = role;
        this.lookBackBehavior = lookBackBehavior;
    }

    lookBack() {
        return this.lookBackBehavior(this);
    }
}

// 4. Refactor clients to interact with objects 
// instead of static functions.
const orpheusLookBack = (character) =>
    "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
const eurydiceLookBack = (character) =>
    "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";

const orpheus = new Character("Orpheus", "Musician", orpheusLookBack);
const eurydice = new Character("Eurydice", "Wanderer", eurydiceLookBack); Type [x]Semi-Automatic You can make step-by-step replacements. Safety This refactoring is generally safe, but you should test your changes thoroughly. Ensure no other parts of your code depend on the static methods you replace. Why is the Code Better? Your code is easier to test because you can replace dependencies during testing. Objects encapsulate behavior, improving cohesion and reducing protocol overloading. You remove hidden global dependencies, making the code clearer and easier to understand. Refactor with AI Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Tags Cohesion Related Refactorings https://hackernoon.com/refactoring-018-how-to-replace-a-singleton?embedable=true https://maximilianocontieri.com/refactoring-007-extract-class?embedable=true Replace Global Variable with Dependency Injection See also https://hackernoon.com/coupling-the-one-and-only-software-designing-problem-9z5a321h?embedable=true Credits Image by Menno van der Krift from Pixabay This article is part of the Refactoring Series. Kill Static, Revive Objects Kill Static, Revive Objects TL;DR: Replace static functions with object interactions. TL;DR: Replace static functions with object interactions. Problems Addressed High coupling due to global access Poor testability Overloaded protocols in classes Decreased cohesion High coupling due to global access coupling global access Poor testability Overloaded protocols in classes Decreased cohesion Related Code Smells https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-v-evj3zs9 https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-v-evj3zs9 Steps Identify static methods used in your code. Replace static methods with instance methods. Pass dependencies explicitly through constructors or method parameters. Refactor clients to interact with objects instead of static functions. Identify static methods used in your code. Replace static methods with instance methods. Pass dependencies explicitly through constructors or method parameters. Refactor clients to interact with objects instead of static functions. Sample Code Before class CharacterUtils {
    static createOrpheus() {
        return { name: "Orpheus", role: "Musician" };
    }

    static createEurydice() {
        return { name: "Eurydice", role: "Wanderer" };
    }
    
    static lookBack(character) {
      if (character.name === "Orpheus") {
        return "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
    } else if (character.name === "Eurydice") {
        return "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";
    }
       return "Unknown character.";
  }
}

const orpheus = CharacterUtils.createOrpheus();
const eurydice = CharacterUtils.createEurydice(); class CharacterUtils {
    static createOrpheus() {
        return { name: "Orpheus", role: "Musician" };
    }

    static createEurydice() {
        return { name: "Eurydice", role: "Wanderer" };
    }
    
    static lookBack(character) {
      if (character.name === "Orpheus") {
        return "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
    } else if (character.name === "Eurydice") {
        return "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";
    }
       return "Unknown character.";
  }
}

const orpheus = CharacterUtils.createOrpheus();
const eurydice = CharacterUtils.createEurydice(); After // 1. Identify static methods used in your code.
// 2. Replace static methods with instance methods.
// 3. Pass dependencies explicitly through
// constructors or method parameters.

class Character {
    constructor(name, role, lookBackBehavior) {
        this.name = name;
        this.role = role;
        this.lookBackBehavior = lookBackBehavior;
    }

    lookBack() {
        return this.lookBackBehavior(this);
    }
}

// 4. Refactor clients to interact with objects 
// instead of static functions.
const orpheusLookBack = (character) =>
    "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
const eurydiceLookBack = (character) =>
    "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";

const orpheus = new Character("Orpheus", "Musician", orpheusLookBack);
const eurydice = new Character("Eurydice", "Wanderer", eurydiceLookBack); // 1. Identify static methods used in your code.
// 2. Replace static methods with instance methods.
// 3. Pass dependencies explicitly through
// constructors or method parameters.

class Character {
    constructor(name, role, lookBackBehavior) {
        this.name = name;
        this.role = role;
        this.lookBackBehavior = lookBackBehavior;
    }

    lookBack() {
        return this.lookBackBehavior(this);
    }
}

// 4. Refactor clients to interact with objects 
// instead of static functions.
const orpheusLookBack = (character) =>
    "Orpheus looks back and loses Eurydice.";
const eurydiceLookBack = (character) =>
    "Eurydice follows Orpheus in silence.";

const orpheus = new Character("Orpheus", "Musician", orpheusLookBack);
const eurydice = new Character("Eurydice", "Wanderer", eurydiceLookBack); Type [x]Semi-Automatic [x] Semi-Automatic [x] You can make step-by-step replacements. Safety This refactoring is generally safe, but you should test your changes thoroughly. Ensure no other parts of your code depend on the static methods you replace. Why is the Code Better? Your code is easier to test because you can replace dependencies during testing. Objects encapsulate behavior, improving cohesion and reducing protocol overloading. You remove hidden global dependencies, making the code clearer and easier to understand. Refactor with AI Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions ChatGPT

ChatGPT Claude

Claude Perplexity

Perplexity Copilot

Copilot Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions Without Proper Instructions Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions With Specific Instructions ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Tags Cohesion Cohesion Cohesion Related Refactorings https://hackernoon.com/refactoring-018-how-to-replace-a-singleton?embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/refactoring-018-how-to-replace-a-singleton?embedable=true https://maximilianocontieri.com/refactoring-007-extract-class?embedable=true https://maximilianocontieri.com/refactoring-007-extract-class?embedable=true Replace Global Variable with Dependency Injection Replace Global Variable with Dependency Injection See also https://hackernoon.com/coupling-the-one-and-only-software-designing-problem-9z5a321h?embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/coupling-the-one-and-only-software-designing-problem-9z5a321h?embedable=true Credits Image by Menno van der Krift from Pixabay Menno van der Krift Pixabay This article is part of the Refactoring Series. This article is part of the Refactoring Series.

Walkthroughs, tutorials, guides, and tips. This story will teach you how to do something new or how to do something better.

The code in this story is for educational purposes. The readers are solely responsible for whatever they build with it.

Refactoring 020 - Transform Static Functions

About Author

Comments

TOPICS

THIS ARTICLE WAS FEATURED IN

Related Stories

10 Predictions About the Future of Finance

106 Stories To Learn About Clean Code

100 Pieces of Programming Advice from the Book Clean Code by Robert Martin

110 Stories To Learn About Refactoring

3 Things Coding And Prose Writing Have In Common According To Cory House

4 Simple Habits For Engineering Teams To Beat Technical Debt

10 Predictions About the Future of Finance

106 Stories To Learn About Clean Code

100 Pieces of Programming Advice from the Book Clean Code by Robert Martin

110 Stories To Learn About Refactoring

3 Things Coding And Prose Writing Have In Common According To Cory House

4 Simple Habits For Engineering Teams To Beat Technical Debt

Light-Mode

Classic

Newspaper

Minty

Dark-Mode

Neon Noir

Minty

HN StartUps