This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license.
Authors:
(1) Ehud Shapiro,  Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel and ehud.shapiro@weizmann.ac.il. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction
Grassroots Protocols
Grassroots Implementation of Grassroots Dissemination
Applications of Grassroots Dissemination Supporting Digital Sovereignty
Future Work & Discussion
References
A. Preliminaries: Asynchronous Distributed Multiagent Transition Systems
B. All-to-All Dissemination is not Grassroots
C. Proofs References 1 Martin R Albrecht, Jorge Blasco, Rikke Bjerg Jensen, and Lenka Mareková. Mesh messaging in large-scale protests: Breaking bridgefy. In Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference, pages 375–398. Springer, 2021. 2 Juan Benet. Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561, 2014. 3 Sonja Buchegger, Doris Schiöberg, Le-Hung Vu, and Anwitaman Datta. Peerson: P2p social networking: early experiences and insights. In Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop on Social Network Systems, pages 46–52, 2009. 4 Vitalik Buterin et al. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. white paper, 3(37), 2014. 5 Manuel Castells. The city and the grassroots: a cross-cultural theory of urban social movements. Number 7. Univ of California Press, 1983. 6 Miguel Castro, Barbara Liskov, et al. Practical byzantine fault tolerance. In OsDI, volume 99, pages 173–186, 1999. 7 Gregory Chockler, Roie Melamed, Yoav Tock, and Roman Vitenberg. Constructing scalable overlays for pub-sub with many topics. In Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pages 109–118, 2007. 8 Gregory Chockler, Roie Melamed, Yoav Tock, and Roman Vitenberg. Spidercast: a scalable interest-aware overlay for topic-based pub/sub communication. In Proceedings of the 2007 inaugural international conference on Distributed event-based systems, pages 14–25, 2007. 9 Bram Cohen. Incentives build robustness in bittorrent. In Workshop on Economics of Peer-to-Peer systems, volume 6, pages 68–72. Berkeley, CA, USA, 2003. 10 Alan Demers, Karin Petersen, Mike Spreitzer, Doug Terry, Marvin Theimer, and Brent Welch. The bayou architecture: Support for data sharing among mobile users. In 1994 First Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pages 2–7. IEEE, 1994. 11 Bitcoin Developer. P2p network, Retrieved 20222. URL: https://developer.bitcoin.org/ devguide/p2p_network.html. 12 Ethereum Developer. go-ethereum/params/bootnodes.go, Retrieved 2023. URL: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/params/bootnodes.go. 13 Adem Efe Gencer, Soumya Basu, Ittay Eyal, Robbert van Renesse, and Emin Gün Sirer. Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum networks. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pages 439–457. Springer, 2018. 14 Gabriele Goldacker. Digitale souveränität [white paper of kompetenzzentrum öffentliche it (öfit)]. retrieved april 20, 2021, 2017. 15 Idit Keidar, Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias, Oded Naor, and Alexander Spiegelman. All you need is dag, 2021. arXiv:2102.08325. 16 Idit Keidar, Oded Naor, and Ehud Shapiro. Cordial miners: A family of simple and efficient consensus protocols for every eventuality. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.09174, 2022. 17 Antony Lewis. A gentle introduction to self-sovereign identity. 2017. URL: https://bitsonblocks.net/2017/05/17/a-gentle-introduction-to-self-sovereign-identity/. 18 Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2019. 19 Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano, Piet Van Mieghem, and Alessandro Vespignani. Epidemic processes in complex networks. Reviews of modern physics, 87(3):925, 2015. 20 Julia Pohle and Thorsten Thiel. Digital sovereignty. Internet Policy Review: Journal on Internet Regulation, 9(4):1–19, 2020. 21 Aravindh Raman, Sagar Joglekar, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Nishanth Sastry, and Gareth Tyson. Challenges in the decentralised web: The mastodon case. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference, pages 217–229, 2019. 22 Vinay Setty, Maarten van Steen, Roman Vitenberg, and Spyros Voulgaris. Poldercast: Fast, robust, and scalable architecture for p2p topic-based pub/sub. In ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing, pages 271–291. Springer, 2012. 23 Devavrat Shah et al. Gossip algorithms. Foundations and Trends® in Networking, 3(1):1–125, 2009. 24 Ehud Shapiro. Multiagent transition systems: Protocol-stack mathematics for distributed computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.13650, 2021. 25 Ehud Shapiro. Sovereign personal cryptocurrencies: A grassroots foundation for a digital economy. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.05619, 2022. 26 Marc Shapiro, Nuno Preguiça, Carlos Baquero, and Marek Zawirski. Conflict-free replicated data types. In Symposium on Self-Stabilizing Systems, pages 386–400. Springer, 2011. 27 Robert Shostak, Marshall Pease, and Leslie Lamport. The byzantine generals problem. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 4(3):382–401, 1982. 28 Ion Stoica, Robert Morris, David Karger, M Frans Kaashoek, and Hari Balakrishnan. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review, 31(4):149–160, 2001. 29 Maofan Yin, Dahlia Malkhi, Michael K Reiter, Guy Golan Gueta, and Ittai Abraham. Hotstuff: Bft consensus with linearity and responsiveness. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 347–356, 2019. 30 Shoshana Zuboff. The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power: Barack Obama’s books of 2019. Profile books, 2019. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Ehud Shapiro,  Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel and ehud.shapiro@weizmann.ac.il. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. Authors: Authors: (1) Ehud Shapiro,  Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel and ehud.shapiro@weizmann.ac.il. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Grassroots Protocols Grassroots Implementation of Grassroots Dissemination Applications of Grassroots Dissemination Supporting Digital Sovereignty Future Work & Discussion References A. Preliminaries: Asynchronous Distributed Multiagent Transition Systems B. All-to-All Dissemination is not Grassroots C. Proofs Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Grassroots Protocols Grassroots Protocols Grassroots Implementation of Grassroots Dissemination Grassroots Implementation of Grassroots Dissemination Applications of Grassroots Dissemination Supporting Digital Sovereignty Applications of Grassroots Dissemination Supporting Digital Sovereignty Future Work & Discussion Future Work & Discussion References References A. Preliminaries: Asynchronous Distributed Multiagent Transition Systems A. Preliminaries: Asynchronous Distributed Multiagent Transition Systems B. All-to-All Dissemination is not Grassroots B. All-to-All Dissemination is not Grassroots C. Proofs C. Proofs References 1 Martin R Albrecht, Jorge Blasco, Rikke Bjerg Jensen, and Lenka Mareková. Mesh messaging in large-scale protests: Breaking bridgefy. In Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference, pages 375–398. Springer, 2021. 2 Juan Benet. Ipfs-content addressed, versioned, p2p file system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.3561, 2014. 3 Sonja Buchegger, Doris Schiöberg, Le-Hung Vu, and Anwitaman Datta. Peerson: P2p social networking: early experiences and insights. In Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop on Social Network Systems, pages 46–52, 2009. 4 Vitalik Buterin et al. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. white paper, 3(37), 2014. 5 Manuel Castells. The city and the grassroots: a cross-cultural theory of urban social movements. Number 7. Univ of California Press, 1983. 6 Miguel Castro, Barbara Liskov, et al. Practical byzantine fault tolerance. In OsDI, volume 99, pages 173–186, 1999. 7 Gregory Chockler, Roie Melamed, Yoav Tock, and Roman Vitenberg. Constructing scalable overlays for pub-sub with many topics. In Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, pages 109–118, 2007. 8 Gregory Chockler, Roie Melamed, Yoav Tock, and Roman Vitenberg. Spidercast: a scalable interest-aware overlay for topic-based pub/sub communication. In Proceedings of the 2007 inaugural international conference on Distributed event-based systems, pages 14–25, 2007. 9 Bram Cohen. Incentives build robustness in bittorrent. In Workshop on Economics of Peer-to-Peer systems, volume 6, pages 68–72. Berkeley, CA, USA, 2003. 10 Alan Demers, Karin Petersen, Mike Spreitzer, Doug Terry, Marvin Theimer, and Brent Welch. The bayou architecture: Support for data sharing among mobile users. In 1994 First Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pages 2–7. IEEE, 1994. 11 Bitcoin Developer. P2p network, Retrieved 20222. URL: https://developer.bitcoin.org/ devguide/p2p_network.html. 12 Ethereum Developer. go-ethereum/params/bootnodes.go, Retrieved 2023. URL: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/params/bootnodes.go. 13 Adem Efe Gencer, Soumya Basu, Ittay Eyal, Robbert van Renesse, and Emin Gün Sirer. Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum networks. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pages 439–457. Springer, 2018. 14 Gabriele Goldacker. Digitale souveränität [white paper of kompetenzzentrum öffentliche it (öfit)]. retrieved april 20, 2021, 2017. 15 Idit Keidar, Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias, Oded Naor, and Alexander Spiegelman. All you need is dag, 2021. arXiv:2102.08325. 16 Idit Keidar, Oded Naor, and Ehud Shapiro. Cordial miners: A family of simple and efficient consensus protocols for every eventuality. arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.09174, 2022. 17 Antony Lewis. A gentle introduction to self-sovereign identity. 2017. URL: https://bitsonblocks.net/2017/05/17/a-gentle-introduction-to-self-sovereign-identity/. 18 Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2019. 19 Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Claudio Castellano, Piet Van Mieghem, and Alessandro Vespignani. Epidemic processes in complex networks. Reviews of modern physics, 87(3):925, 2015. 20 Julia Pohle and Thorsten Thiel. Digital sovereignty. Internet Policy Review: Journal on Internet Regulation, 9(4):1–19, 2020. 21 Aravindh Raman, Sagar Joglekar, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Nishanth Sastry, and Gareth Tyson. Challenges in the decentralised web: The mastodon case. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference, pages 217–229, 2019. 22 Vinay Setty, Maarten van Steen, Roman Vitenberg, and Spyros Voulgaris. Poldercast: Fast, robust, and scalable architecture for p2p topic-based pub/sub. In ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing, pages 271–291. Springer, 2012. 23 Devavrat Shah et al. Gossip algorithms. Foundations and Trends® in Networking, 3(1):1–125, 2009. 24 Ehud Shapiro. Multiagent transition systems: Protocol-stack mathematics for distributed computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.13650, 2021. 25 Ehud Shapiro. Sovereign personal cryptocurrencies: A grassroots foundation for a digital economy. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.05619, 2022. 26 Marc Shapiro, Nuno Preguiça, Carlos Baquero, and Marek Zawirski. Conflict-free replicated data types. In Symposium on Self-Stabilizing Systems, pages 386–400. Springer, 2011. 27 Robert Shostak, Marshall Pease, and Leslie Lamport. The byzantine generals problem. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 4(3):382–401, 1982. 28 Ion Stoica, Robert Morris, David Karger, M Frans Kaashoek, and Hari Balakrishnan. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review, 31(4):149–160, 2001. 29 Maofan Yin, Dahlia Malkhi, Michael K Reiter, Guy Golan Gueta, and Ittai Abraham. Hotstuff: Bft consensus with linearity and responsiveness. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 347–356, 2019. 30 Shoshana Zuboff. The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power: Barack Obama’s books of 2019. Profile books, 2019.

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