For millennials, Gen Z, and Gen Alpha, India of the very recent past may as well have been the proverbial land of snake charmers. With so many flashy car brands offering a host of cutting-edge features buzzing up and down India’s many roads and highways across its many cities, towns, and increasingly villages, they would conjure up images of a medieval dystopia about what was, after all, a very modern 20th-century India with myriad outstanding achievements to its credit. It is true that before the launch of the Indo-Japanese Maruti-Suzuki 800 in the early 1980s, most Indian cars and motor vehicles were outdated, sluggish, and inefficient when compared with what was driven in other countries around the world, including our neighboring ones. The liberalization of the Indian motor vehicle sector continued into the 1990s, dazzling the people of the country with the world’s leading automobile brands. Apart from Suzuki, the likes of Honda, Kawasaki, Mazda, Opel, Ford, Chevrolet, Nissan, Isuzu, Daewoo, and many other renowned motor vehicle legends graced the Indian roads, ushering in the modern Indian automobile revolution. Today, the Indian automobile market has some outstanding international and homegrown car brands to cater to the needs of the country's huge middle class and its increasingly large number of millionaires and billionaires. The roads of cities and towns throughout the length and breadth of India see all manner of cars these days- from the humble hatchbacks to luxury vehicles from the stables of Mercedes, BMW, Audi, and Jaguar, not to speak of sporty SUVs where the bigger the better is the mantra. But that does not mean that the pre-liberalization generation of India did not have its own love affair with motor vehicles, of which the country in fact boasted a rich tradition and history harking back to the earliest days of the twentieth century. The maharajas and the British high officials of the day were the first ones to use automobiles in India. By the time the country gained independence, the well-heeled among the local populace also started owning cars. This was the era of premium luxury automobiles, which reflected the class and status of their owners. Brands like Rolls-Royce, Plymouth, Bentley, Chevrolet, and Buick were owned and flaunted by royalty and wealthy businesspeople like the Parsees. Other well-to-do people had their Morris Minors, the precursor to the grand old Ambassador car, the emblem of pre-liberalization India of languid pace. Some enterprising Indians would dazzle their compatriots by buying contemporary foreign brands of cars at auctions conducted by the State Trading Corporation and driving around the streets of large cities like Mumbai and Delhi. Imagine the looks of envy when someone would drive by in their massive Chevrolet Caprice among a sea of dreary Ambassadors and Fiats! The children who grew up in the 1970s to 1980s, however, carry vivid memories of the era of stately and graceful, if lumbering vehicles that took them to their destination, albeit not at today's frenetic speed, to this day. It was the era of the great Indian triumvirate of Ambassador, Fiat, and Standard cars, which remained pretty much the same vehicle, barring a few minor and cosmetic upgrades from time to time for decade upon decade. Other much-loved vehicles from that era were the Matador Van and the Jonga jeeps, and the Shaktiman trucks, which were used largely by the army. All the buses and trucks were from Tata and Ashok Leyland, save a few by Hindustan Motors and some by Dodge, which one saw occasionally. Among the two-wheelers, it was the Bajaj Chetak scooter that ruled the roost, alongside the stately Lambretta. The most coveted of the bikes was the Enfield Bullet 350, with its iconic thumping sound, which the armed forces and the police forces of the country bought in large numbers. The Yezdi and Jawa bikes were also very popular among the young for their stylish appeal. The Rajdoot Mini, which Rishi Kapoor popularized in his debut film Bobby, was also quite popular with the young and trendy. Rajdoot also mass-produced other bigger bikes for the masses, including milkmen who would attach large cans of milk to either side of a bike and go on their daily deliveries. Three wheelers from Bajaj and Lambretta became the poor man's taxi, with the larger Tempo three-wheeler with its distinctive growl being used to ferry goods across short distances. These vehicles coexisted with bullock carts, cycle rickshaws, and interesting hybrid vehicles like old American Second World War leftover Hardly Davidsons, being repurposed in Old Delhi as the iconic Phut Phut rickshaws capable of carrying six to eight passengers. Automobiles had character in those times, and people loved their cars and bikes dearly, almost like a family member, as they often were with them for years, sometimes even decades. It was a very different time, when cars didn't have air conditioning, but small electrically operated fans to circulate a weak breeze amongst the passengers. Other cars would show up with straw mats on the roofs of their cars on which their owners would spray water on hot summer days, to create some manner of primitive air conditioning. Those were indeed very different times, but splendid times, nevertheless. Like the old Dylan song goes- ‘the times,  they are a-changin.” It's a pity they are. Photo by Timo K on Unsplash Timo K Unsplash

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Pre-Liberalization Cars in India: A Love Affair

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