By Noah Jessop SaaS has had a good run. Over the last decade, it became the dominant way to deliver software and value to customers. It became faster than ever to spin up a new provider for any possible task an individual or company might want to achieve. But not all good things can last. I’ve written about this at length previously in “ ” What Comes after SaaS? But what’s become clearer to me over the past year is that Cloud 3.0 — a time of open authentications and micro-services — isn’t the next coming of SaaS. Instead, it’s more of an awkward “tweener” years. We will see a Cambrian explosion of these cloud-native platforms — and of services that try to be the glue between the tangled mess of systems we have today. [Maybe we can call them “connectivity service platforms?” Or “CSPs” for short?] This explosion of companies will be followed by a massive extinction produced by the meteor-like . arrival of a production-ready decentralized web Let’s dig in. SaaS’s success has had an unintended side effect: too many tools to manage. An entire industry has been build around “Shadow IT” — the process of figuring out what cloud tools a company actually uses. The numbers are staggering. SkyHigh networks (one of the Shadow IT leaders) found the average enterprise had . That number had grown 21% from the previous quarter — and this study was all the way back in Q1 of 2014. 759 different cloud services Connectivity Services Platform’s Gap As Jim Barksdale (co-founder of Netscape with Marc Andreessen) has said “There are only two ways to make money: bundling and unbundling.” SaaS offerings bundled software hosting. and Connectivity Service Platforms bundle . different SaaS systems into one place One of the best early examples is a company called Segment. They found they couldn’t get people to switch to their SaaS Analytics offering, so they made a middleware platform to make it easier to switch between analytics providers. To date, they’ve raised more than $100M from Google, Accel, and others. Another very valuable example of this is a data-translation company called LiveRamp (which went on to be for more than $300M — a price that now looks like a steal for the business they’ve built within their public acquirer). LiveRamp’s connectivity service was simple: translation between different ad technology companies internal user IDs. The founder, Auren Hoffman, the structural advantages that connectivity and middleware companies have: acquired by Acxiom notes “One of the reasons I love middleware companies (integration hubs) and data cooperatives is it usually makes sense that there is one clear leader in the market.” Here at , we are now seeing 2–3 companies a week with similar models, intentionally or not — across all different verticals: Founder Collective By example, (disclosure: am an investor) aggregates SaaS usage for unified invoices and control. Blissfully Financial API company (disclosure: wish I were an investor) aggregates access to many different banking systems in a single unified API. Plaid API connectivity company lets even more people bricoleur company-critical systems together. Zapier Other companies seek to provide new insight from authenticating into any array of services — better understanding into customer success efforts, better understand sales pipelines by aggregating information from many systems, and countless other examples. There’s an incredible amount of value to unearth for companies by providing unified access to all the tools . Whether this is a machine-consumable feed, insights or reports to better manage the company, or critical glue connecting core systems. they already use For connectivity service platforms (and their investors), there remains some favorable network effects to chase — the first business able to unlock real value in any space has the chance to build the most integrations the fastest. More integrations leads to more value for new customers (the core positive endogenous loop), and gives the early leaders a chance to win category leader. Some of these CSPs — particularly when their standing in the category is uncertain — try to use aggregated information across customers to build additional value (and try to have a real moat). Jerry Chen has dubbed this behavior “ .” Systems of Intelligence But — more often than not — the connectivity service platform’s core core value prop is to assemble and organize data coming from many disparate customer systems. Arrival of the Decentralized Web The next Salesforce won’t be a company. It will be a protocol that’s particularly good at storing customer data. And it will have a giant ecosystem of GUI providers, report generators, connectivity pipes, import / export tools, and everything else that exists in the Salesforce ecosystem. Let that sink in. The competitor who disrupts Salesforce’s near-monopoly won’t be a person, a company, or something you could preemptively acquire. In the decentralized web, every element of a business’s data will live, encrypted, in protocols specific for it’s use. The same way that email and HTML are normal standard that anyone can parse, new protocol development is going to provide entirely new ways to safely store, index, access, share, and retrieve data. When the “backend” and the “database” are all decentralized, standardized meta-schemas — crazy things start to happen: Software companies can provide SaaS-style convenience and deployment — without having to host and manage any infrastructure themselves The entire core value of CSPs may go away, except to provide ETL into legacy systems. When there’s standardized scheme (via the protocol), you get “integrations” for free — just as you don’t have to write custom software to browse a new website. You’ll be able to link together two (or many, many more) pieces of software that . And get perfect out of the box functionality. have never had to integrate with each other or any middleware Just as WhatsApp was the first app with 1B+ users with <50 engineers, we may well see the first app used by 1B+ people written by just 1 or 2 crypto engineers. Experts in the Decentralized Web have brought forward many other shortcomings of our current system: open systems like Wikipedia lack authorship; internet content is easily mutable and non durable; and many fascinating problems to explore more fully in future research. The limelight is still on these companies . guiding us through these Post-SaaS, Pre-Decentral tweener years Both for today’s tangled web. And the fundamental research and protocol development needed for building our Next Internet. If you enjoyed reading this far, kindly 👏 below to help spread the piece. Hey, V1.0 of the Decentralized Web for Publishing probably won’t have these nice social features, so we have to use ’em while we can. Are you a team building the Segment-for-HR data? Would love to meet you. There’s a very big business to be build before HR tech gets decentralized… Are you a team building crypto tech? A professional trader? We’re holding a series of intimate Crypto Salons here in San Francisco — drop me a line with a little bit about your interest if you’d like to join us at a future event.

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