The popularity of crypto world is rising in an incredible speed. Bitcoin is appearing on mainstream TV channels, in news, in newspapers.. Yet, it’s an ambiguous void for many people.
I’ve been recently receiving “how am I going to kick-off?” question from family, friends, random people, mailman, butcher, hairdresser… If you’ve already joined the crypto world, think about the beginning, you were willing to kick-off but it was seeming like a hard, complicated world, with full of anxiety. So, I decided to write articles for the people who are willing to join the crypto world to make them feel comfortable about the process. Crypto world is easy, simple world and there is nothing to be afraid of.
Let’s Start! — giphy
This article will be a comprehensive article for laymen to learn the essence and the crypto people for reviewing the fundamentals. It will be ELI5 again. I hope you’ll enjoy! Here’s what will be going through:
a. What is an Exchange?
b. Orderbook — How price moves?
c. Understanding the Chart
d. How to literally read the prices?
2. Exchanges
a. Poloniex
b. Binance
c. Bittrex
d. KuCoin
3. Fundamental Sources
a. Coinmarketcap
b. Coinmarketcal
c. News
d. Twitter/Telegram/Discord
a. What is an Exchange?
NY Stock Exchange Trading Floor — Forbes
•An exchange is a marketplace in which financial instruments are traded. For example in NYSE you can trade options, equities etc. In FOREX you can trade foreign exchanges, commodities, indices. In the Crypto exchanges you can trade coins and tokens.
•A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.
An analogy is always better to understand the concept, so let’s go with a one. (I’ll specifically talk about crypto exchanges, stocks are different in some ways) Think that you are living in a crazy town which has several crypto shopping malls called Polneix, Binenace, KoCoin, Bitirex, CoinBese … swh. Those shopping malls have only crypto shops, such as one selling Ethereum for Bitcoin, one selling ZCash for Bitcoin, one selling Monero for USD, one selling Bitcoin for USD… So, for buying Bitcoin, you need to visit the shopping mall and go to the Bitcoin/USD shop. Then you will buy Bitcoin by trading your USD. For selling it, you again will visit the shop and this time you will trade your Bitcoin with USD. In this case our shopping mall is the Exchange which embodies the shops and the shops are the Markets where buyers and sellers are gathered.
The above photograph was the first thing thought to me during my work in an asset management company by my manager. It is one of the early time photographs of NYSE and a crucial photograph to understand the dynamics of trading. Let’s think about our example. The photograph is actually similar to our example. The trading floor in the photograph is the shopping mall in our example. People are trying to buy/sell stocks via direct interaction. Phones and mails are the ways to communicate with outside world. The graphs are made on the blackboard with chalk manually. This is how an exchange works, like a bazaar, like a shopping mall. Today, we have computers and internets running the exchanges in the same mentality.
b. Orderbook — How price moves?
Shell with a pearl — weheartit.com
First, some Economy 101
— Think about a pearl market. There are people who are trying to sell a pearl and people who are trying to buy a pearl. Each seller owns only a pearl.
Scenerio 1: There are two sellers and ten buyers. The buyers will race with each other to buy the pearl. One will say 10 dollars, other will tell 15, other will tell 100. Because the pearl is precious.
Scenerio 2: There are ten seller and two buyers. The sellers will race with each other to sell the pearl. One will say it costs 10 dollars, other will come and say 9 dollars, other will come and say 1. Because the pearl is not precious.
orderbook snapshot of DGB from Poloniex
— Let’s go back to our shopping mall analogy; we are visiting the Polneix shopping mall and entering the DGB/BTC shop. The above picture is showing us the buyers and sellers. On the Sell Orders, we see people who are trying to sell DGB for BTC and on the Buy Orders we are seeing people who are trying to buy DGB with BTC. The cheapest DGB available costs 439 satoshis, and only 2886 of DGB are selling on that price. On the other hand the highest buying offer is at the price of 438 satoshis and the total demanded DGB at that price is 88362. So, there will be no exchange, because sellers don’t want to sell under 439 sats and buyers don’t want to buy above 438 sats. Let the war beginn!! This is the most fun part of the trading for me. People who don’t know each other will fight for buying or selling on web. There needs a concession in order to have a compromise.
In a price increasing scenario, market needs some environmental factor which triggers it in a way that DGB appears more “charming”. So, buyers will believe that the price will increase and if they will buy at 439, they can sell it higher in the future. So, someone will say, “I will buy at 439”, another will come and say “I will buy at 440". People will believe that the price will rally and try to buy DGB as soon as they can, so they will put the buy order above the previous one. In the meantime the sellers will put their selling orders on higher prices and buyers will chase the lowest rising sell order to guarantee their trade and DGB will pump, until market reaches equilibrium. 440, 442, 450…
In a price decreasing scenario, market needs some environmental factor which triggers it in a way that DGB appears “unattractive”. So, DGB owners will think that the price will go down and will want to sell their DGB as soon as possible. One will sell at 438, the other will sell at 437.. In the meanwhile the buyers will decrease their offers and sellers who think the price will be lower than the current price will sell their DGB in lower and lower prices. So DGB will dump, until market reaches equilibrium. 437, 435, 420…
c. Understanding the Chart
Japanese Candlesticks — just simple Photoshop
Charts may look complicated at first, you may recall Hollywood trading movies or traders with tens of screens in front of them and seem like they are solving the secret of the universe. No, believe me, the chart is really, really easy to read and understand, and once you are comfortable with them, you have the essence of trading. Trading is managing your risks and understanding the price-action.
Let’s start with the candlesticks, the fundamental unit of a chart. A chart shows us the data of transactions for a desired market. For representing the price-action, one can use various tools but Japanese Candlesticks are one of the most reliable tool to show the price-action. It is different from the whisker-box candlestick representation in statistics, Japanese Candlesticks are simpler. It shows maximum, minimum, open and close prices within a desired range. The whiskers show the maximum and minimum prices and the rectangle shows the open and close prices within the desired time period. If opening price is lower than the closing price, it means that price has increased so mostly green color is used to identify the candle. If closing price is lower than the opening price, it means that price has decreased so mostly red color is used to identify the candle.
DGB/BTC chart from Poloniex
Now we are ready to understand what’s going on on the chart. The above picture is a snapshot of a DGB/BTC chart from Poloniex. The theme of the chart may differ in different platforms but it should generally looks like this one. This chart uses Japanese candlesticks for showing the price. First thing that we should look in a chart should be the timeframe. Timeframe determines the interval of the candlesticks. In our chart, I selected 30-min, so each candlestick shows 30 min interval. My favorite timeframes for crypto are 4h, 1d and 30min. Larger timeframes will give you better overall picture for the general trend, slower timeframes may be biased since crypto markets are highly volatile. In Poloniex we have Zoom option, which determines the time period shown in the graph, some graphs automatically determines it, some graphs allows you to manually zoom in and zoom out. Again, small time periods will not give accurate results for mid-long term trends. The grey rectangles are showing the volume. Volume is an important parameter for making analysis. For example, the price may go up %5 with 10 bitcoin worth of transactions, also it may go up the same percentage just by 1 bitcoin worth of transactions. It is important to determine the momentum and strength of the price movements to predict the possibilities. I will talk about volume, price action and TA in detail in the future articles. The red and green rectangles below the volume is showing the MACD indicator, which again, we will be talking in detail in the future articles.
d. How to literally read the prices?
Some Markets From Poloniex
It may seem too basic but reading the prices is confusing in the beginning. Bitcoin is divisible to 8 digits and the last digit is called 1 Satoshi/Sat, like one cent. What I suggest is creating your own reading style for each currency. The higher the price gets, the easier the last digits moves so the more unnecessary the last digits become. As you follow a coin for couple of time you’ll get used to with its price and will determine the useful digits. Let’s go with a case study.
Here’s how my inside voice reads the examples; XRP is twelve thousand and two hundred, ETH is nine ninety five, STR is four thousand five hundred and sixty seven, ETC is two hundred seventy nine, ZEC is five hundred sixty two, SC is two hundred eighty two, DGB is four hundred nineteen, LBC is four thousand and two hundred.
This section will be covering the UI, buying&selling, tracking and tips from couple of major crypto exchanges. Most exchanges work on a same logic pattern, so if you are willing to work on a different exchange, I believe that, this section will be still helpful for you to understand the workflow.
The exchanges that we will be covering don’t directly support FIAT (Government money) / BTC pair so, you should be buying cryptocurrencies from your local exchanges, which support FIAT transactions. For example, I use Turkish exchanges for buying crypto in order to transact FIAT from my bank accounts, US residents can use RobinHood, Coinbase or Bitstamp or any other that you like to use. You can look below for buying/selling instructions, the dynamics will be same.
I will be covering some basic concepts in the (a) section, so I will not repeat them on other sections, you might want to turn back to (a) if you have any issues.
a. Poloniex
Balances, Poloniex
Poloniex is a US based exchange. It takes %0.15 fee for makers and %0.25 for takers. (makers put orders in the orderbook, takers directly buys or sell from the orders in the orderbook)
After you signed up to Poloniex, you need to verify your account with a legal document for trading. (Inside the “MY PROFILE” page) In order to do that you need a browser camera, If your computer doesn’t support it, you can use your smartphone to verify. After the verification and before trading, I strongly recommend you to enable 2-Factor Authentication for the safety concerns. You can enable it in the “Two-Factor Authentication” page located in the dropdown menu under the “wrench icon”.
After setting-up the account, it’s time to deposit crypto coins to your Poloniex account to start trading. You should open the “Deposit & Withdrawals” page located in the dropdown menu under the “BALANCES”. In this page you see your balances and you can deposit or withdraw crypto. As I said, first you need to buy crypto from your local exchange with government money, then to deposit, you need to click deposit button next to the desired crypto. Then your wallet address will appear. You can transfer money from your local exchange to that wallet address. Vice versa, in order to withdraw crypto from Poloniex, you need to click withdraw and enter the address and amount that you’re willing to send.
Exchange, Poloniex
Here’s our main page. Let’s start from top to bottom and cover almost everything.
Buying and Selling, Poloniex
We covered the basics, order book, price movements and chart and now it’s time to learn how to buy and sell. There is one simple rule, buy low and sell high. Here, I clicked the ETC/BTC Market. As you can see, the lowest sell order is 0.00281 and the highest buy order is 0.00280. “BUY ETC” and “SELL ETC” panels are for limit orders. Limit orders allow you to put orders in the order book. For example you can make an order to buy btc at 1USD, hoping that it will apparantly reach to that price. The order will be appearing on the bottom of the order book. Vice Versa, you can put a sell order at a price of 100k USD, hoping that it will reach 100k USD.
Price is the price that you want to buy or sell. Amount and total are showing the amount of ETC or BTC that you want to sell or buy, you can play with both. If you want to buy or sell directly you can put a price below the highest buy order or above the lowest sell order and it will match the order on the top directly.
STOP-LIMIT feature allows you to create “if-then functions” with your orders. It allows you to trade safely while you are away from the platform. Let’s study with examples.
Stop: 0.0024 BTCLimit: 0.0023 BTCAmount: 10 ETC
IF the highest bid drops to or below 0.0024 BTC — >THEN an order to sell 10 ETC at a price of 0.0023 BTC will be placed. (You can put your Limit higher than your Stop as well.)
Stop: 0.0035 BTCLimit: 0.0036 BTCAmount: 10 ETC
IF the lowest ask rises to or above 0.0035 BTC — > THEN an order to buy 10 ETC at a price of 0.0036 BTC will be placed. (You can put your Limit lower than your Stop as well.)
Market Depth and Orders, Poloniex
b. Binance
Deposits & Withdrawals Page, Binance
Binance is currently an internationally registered company, formerly based in Hong-Kong. It’s a new-born exchange with an incredible speed of popularity. Three months after it’s launched it was in the top 10 exchanges by volume. Now it’s the first exchange by the 24h exchange volume. The secret sauce they’ve been using is affiliates + customer services. They had a great affiliate service so everyone was sharing it in the beginning moreover their customer services was awesome that, people were connected to the exchange. Plus, they have mobile app and desktop app as an exchange.
Unlike Poloniex, in Binance you can trade without verifying your account. In a case where you haven’t verified your account, you can withdraw up to 2 BTCs a day. If you want to withdraw more than 2 BTCs a day you will need to verify your account from the “Account” page by following a similar process like Poloniex verification. Again you should activate your 2-Factor Auth. before start trading, you also can activate that on the “Account” page.
When you’re ready to deposit crypto to your Binance account, it’s time to enter Deposits & Withdrawals page in the dropdown menu under the “person icon” (click Estimated Value) In this page, the process will be similar to Poloniex. In order to deposit crypto, you should click deposit next to the coin/token that you’d like to deposit and you’ll be seeing the deposit address. Vice Versa, in order to withdraw a coin/token you should click withdrawal and enter the transfer address and amount.
Home Page, Binance
This is the home page. Let’s cover everything starting from the top.
Basic Exchange, Binance
Binances includes two different exchange pages as Basic and Advanced. They are functionally almost same platforms (advance includes Technical Analysis tools), the only major difference between them is the UI. You can use the one you like to trade, no difference.
On the right side we can see the Markets panel. From top of the panel, BTC, ETH, BNB, USDT pairs can be chosen. You can see the symbol of the cryptocurrency, current price and the change. You can star coins and show only them. Below the Markets panel, you can see the trade history of the market and yours as well. Here in this page we see DGD, DigixDAO / BTC Market as an example. Left side is the order book. The red and green colors visually show the accumulation. The graph is placed in the middle. You can adjust candlestick time in the top. You can open the volume depth graph from the top as well. The pink and the purple lines are indicators called “exponential moving average” lines which we will be covering in the future articles. Below the candlesticks, we see the volume. Below the volume, we have another indicator and again we will talk about it in another article.
Buying and Selling, Binance
Although there are nuances between Exchange’s Order Mechanism, Limit, Market and Stop-Limit Orders will have same fundamental dynamics in all exchanges that we will be covering. So I will be majorly focusing on nuances rather than the fundamentals. (You can refer to section 2.a. for fundamentals)
First of all the fees and the rules... Binance applies %0.1 trading fee, and if you use BNB (Binance Coin) for paying the fees, you’ll have %50 discount in fees in Binance’s first year and will be %25 in Binance’s second year. Binance has markets consisting trading pairs of BTC, USDT, ETH and BNB. It has irritating trading rules such that, you have a minimum order value of 0.001BTC for BTC pairs, 0.01 ETH for ETH pairs, 10USDT for USDT pairs and 1BNB for BNB pairs. For this reason, I choose BNB to trade altcoins in Binance, mostly there is no arbitrage between ALT/BTC and ALT/BNB pairs.
Open orders will list your open orders (unless they are completely filled) and below you will see your 24h order history.
Advance Exchange, Binance
Let’s quickly overview the advanced view as well.
The major difference is the UI and the graph. We have a bigger graph including indicators and technical analysis tools which we will be talking in depth in the Technical Analysis articles. You can monitor Markets by clicking the current pair’s name; in this case DGD/BTC (on the left top corner) On the left we have an order book and current transactions. On the bottom, we can monitor our funds, trade history, order history and open orders. The Order panel is placed on the right bottom of the screen and it is similar with the basic view. (a nuance: you can’t enter bitcoin value in limit order in advance view, but you can enter both trading pairs’ value in the basic view)
c. Bittrex
Account Balances, Bittrex
Bittrex is a popular US based exchange. About the fees, all trades have a 0.25% commission. You can deposit money and trade in Bittrex without verification but in order to withdraw, you need verification. Hence, verifying your account before start trading in Bittrex is highly recommended (otherwise, if the verification is unaccepted, your money will be locked inside) Also setting up 2FA is highly recommended for account security.
After you set-up your account, you can deposit money by clicking Wallets. This page shows your account balance and allows you to deposit or withdraw cryptocurrency to/from your account. For deposit, you should click “+” and generate new address. For withdraw actions, you should click “-” and fill up the address and amount. In this page you can also monitor Pending Withdrawals/Deposits and Withdrawal/Deposit History.
Home Page, Bittrex
Among the crypto exchanges, Bittrex has a unique UI. I feel “different” about the UI every time I use it. Never mind, let’s turn back to the topic, Here is the Bittrex’s Home Page. Again, first, let’s cover everything from top to bottom.
As a banner Bittrex shows four leading markets as a slide show. Top Volume x2, Biggest % Gain x2. Below the banner, you can monitor the Markets. Bittrex includes BTC, ETH and USDT markets. From left to right you can monitor; Market’s symbol, currency name, volume, % change, current price, 24h high, 24h low, % spread (% difference of bid and ask) and added date.
Information-Trading, Bittrex
So let’s move on to the chart. Bittrex’s chart includes adequate feature to do a decent TA on it, by choosing Timeline, you’ll be seeing the chart. From the top of the chart;
Choosing Order Book will show the market depth graph and choosing Wallet will open the deposit and withdrawal windows for the cryptocurrency.
Trading, Bittrex
Trading Panel is compact in Bittrex, it allows you to enter different order types by dropdown selection menu. Let’s go from top to bottom;
Below the trading panel, there is a detailed order book, and below that, there is Open Orders, Market History and My Order History.
d. KuCoin
Assets, KuCoin
KuCoin is a China based crypto exchange with trading fee of %0.1. It is a really new exchange and it is fairly small in total volume from the other ones. For me, it is like the little brother of Binance. (Maybe, because of the UI and similar Marketing) In the beginning, like Binance, they prioritize the refferal system and customer services and their strategy was pretty successful. Moreover KuCoin lists new cryptocurrencies often and the currencies which they are listing are mostly post-ICO currencies with nice mid-term potentials. Overall, I think its a nice Exchange with the present markets and future potentials, so I’d like to include it also in the article.
KuCoin doesn’t require verification to trade or withdraw. So you can start after setting up 2FA. Assets page shows users’ asset overview, estimated value of the account, available value (not in order), in order value, deposits, withdrawals, open orders, trade history, reward history and referral bonuses. In order to deposit, you should click deposit on the right side of the currency and generate the address. Vice Versa in order to withdraw, you should click withdraw on the right side of the currency and fill the amount and address.
Markets, KuCoin
Here’s the Markets Page. Let’s cover everything from left to right.
Exchange, KuCoin
Here is the trading page of KuCoin, I like the UI, it’s compact, useful and more importantly, they use TradingView chart. TradingView chart is the most professional chart for crypto-trading that you can find, I’m thinking about making a dedicated article for how to use TradingView later, so I’m going to pass this for now. For beginners, its fundamentally working on the same dynamics with other charts that we’ve covered. (Candlesticks, volume, etc..) You can monitor the markets by clicking the name of the current market (in this case ETH/BTC) On the left side you can monitor the order book and recent trades. On the bottom, market depth graph, open trades and market history is placed. Trading panel is placed on the right bottom of the screen. KuCoin doesn’t include stop-loss order, which is one of the biggest flaws of the exchange. You only can limit order in KuCoin by entering the price and the amount.
A crypto-trader must monitor what’s going on with the crypto markets. Further than monitoring, a crypto-trader should master the news and the rumors for becoming successful. You need to surf the waves, you can’t swim against them. So, I will share my favorite sources to follow the feed, I promise when you start following them and create your fav-list, they will be enough to make you a more confident trader with more control over the markets.
I will be basically overviewing the platforms in this article, because I’m planning to create a comprehensive article on FA, we will talk about them in depth in that article.
a. Coinmarketcap
CoinMarketCap
This site is our main source for cryptocurrencies. If you see a coin or a token and if you want to learn about it more, this site will be the first site you should go and look. The site includes really useful information about markets, about overall situation, exchanges and about coins and tokens. In crypto, market capitalization means, circulating supply × the price. Hence, when you’d like to compare a cryptocurrency to other cryptocurrency or when you’d like to find out it’s either overvalued or undervalued, you should be looking at its market cap. You can also find the chart data for a coin, from which exchanges you can trade the coin, volume information, supply information and various links about the coin.
b. Coinmarketcal
CoinMarketCal
CoinMarketCal is a lovely community-driven web site for tracking the cryptocurrency events. Posts are created by community and with the votes, proofs and sources it’s verified. You can sort the events by date, coin, category and the Hot Events. From my experiences; airdrops (free money hype), partnership (increase in potential and popularity hype), exchange (new buyers are coming hype), hard forks, “mind-blowing, great, amazing announcements” possibly may create a hype and a rally in the price. So keep having an eye on them.
c. Blockfolio / Delta
Stock image, Blockfolio
After a point Blockfolio became like my organ, I found myself checking Blockfolio in random places, in random times. First thing when I wake up, check Blockfolio, last thing before I sleep, I check Blockfolio. Blockfolio is a decent app for tracking your portfolio and setting price alerts. I don’t like shilling so I also added its competitor, Delta app, you can check that out as well.
— How to use Blockfolio?
c. News
You can find various Blockchain / Cryptocurrencies news sites on web. I personally follow Coin Telegraph and Coin Desk and skim the articles daily.
d. Twitter / Telegram / Discord
Especially Twitter and Telegram is crucial for crypto world. They allow the community to collaborate with each other moreover they connect the developers, business members, traders and investors. Crypto community is unique for accessibility, if you have any questions about an ICO you can directly ask your question to the CEO, if you have any trading questions you can send your charts to people. I’m sure that the community will improve you a lot in various skills. Moreover to everything, I love the fun part about crypto community, unlike any other financial community, the amount of quality memes and gifs are enormous.
farewell time
Thanks for reading! I hope it was helpful and you’ve enjoyed!
So, what’s next? I’m planning to write articles on Candlestick Patterns, Accumulation-Distribution-Volume Analysis, Common Reversal and Continuation Chart Patterns, Commonly used Indicators, How to Read TA, Portfolio-Money-Risk Management, Systems, Fundamental Analysis. If you’re interested in those topics, you can follow me.
You can read my first article “crypto 101 | The Glossary” from here.
And finally, you can follow me on Twitter, I’d be appreciated-> @cryptorocket_