Ukusasazwa: Uloyiko olungenangqiqo kubo

Ixhala lokuthunyelwa yinyani. Masithathe inxeba ekuqondeni iimvakalelo zomntu ezinxulumene nokusasazwa kwaye sifunde ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokunciphisa uloyiko.

Ukucinywa kwamva nje okubandakanya iCrowdStrike kube nefuthe kwiinkqubo ezizizigidi ezisi-8.5 zeWindows, okukhokelele kuphazamiseko kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kubandakanya iinqwelomoya nezibhedlele. Uhlalutyo oluninzi luphonononge oyena nobangela wesi siganeko ngokwaso.

Nangona kunjalo, njengenjineli yesoftware, ndicinga ukuba siyayiphosa inkalo yeemvakalelo zomntu ezinxulumene nokuthunyelwa, ngakumbi uloyiko lokwaphula imveliso. Yiloo nto esiza kuzama ukuntywila kuyo kweli nqaku. Siza kugubungela:

• Ukuqonda umsebenzi wokukhulula ubunjineli.
• Zeziphi iinjineli zesoftware ezikhathaleleyo kwaye yintoni abangayikhathalelanga.
• Impembelelo yonikezelo oluqhubekayo (CD).
• Ukujongwa kokusasazwa ngesandla.
• Iingxaki kunye nokuthunyelwa ngesandla kunye nesisombululo kwezi ngxaki.

Khupha ubuNjineli

Ngaphambi kokuba singene kuloyiko lokuthunyelwa ngokwembono yenjineli yesoftware, masiqale siqonde indima yenjineli yokukhupha. Ubunjineli bokukhutshwa buguquke kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, enkosi kwi-CI yangoku kunye nezixhobo zeCD kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kweKubernetes. Ngaphandle kwezi nkqubela phambili, uxanduva oluphambili luhleli lufana:

• Ukuthunyelwa okuhambelanayo kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo: Ukulinganisa iinkqubo zokukhululwa, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuthunyelwa kakubi kwimveliso.

• Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo : Iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni zikwaqinisekisa ukuba amaqela axhotyiswe ukujongana neziganeko zendalo ezinobungozi zemveliso-umzekelo, isicwangciso sokubuyisela emva kweemeko apho ukukhululwa kubangela iingxaki.

• Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuPhucula iNtsebenzo: Jonga ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo.

• Ukusebenzisana nobunjineli: Sebenza ngokusondeleyo nabaphuhlisi, i-QA, kunye namaqela e-DevOps ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkonzo ezintsha kunye nezikhoyo zinenkqubo echazwe kakuhle yokuthunyelwa.

Yintoni iiNjineli zeSoftware eziKhathalela ngayo

Ngokungafaniyo neenjineli zokukhupha, njengenjineli yesoftware esebenza kwiqela lemveliso sinokukhathalela kuphela imiba ethile yokuthunyelwa:

• Ikhowudi ekhawulezayo idibanisa: Ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kubavumela ukuba baqinisekise umsebenzi wabo kwaye baqhubele phambili kwimisebenzi emitsha okanye bavule imisebenzi exhomekeke kuyo.

• Iziganeko zokuvelisa : Nangona iinjineli zingenako ukukhathalela zonke iziganeko zemveliso, ngokuqinisekileyo bayakhathalela malunga neenguqu zabo zekhowudi ezibangela naluphi na ukukhutshwa kwemveliso.

• Ishedyuli yokusasazwa : Iinjineli zikwathanda ukulandelela xa utshintsho lwabo luhamba okanye luye lwaphila ukuze bakwazi ukufikelela kwiimpendulo zexesha langempela kwiinguqu zabo.

Yintoni iiNjineli zeSoftware ezingakhathali ngayo

Nangona kukho izinto esizikhathaleleyo, zikho nezo singazikhathaleliyo:

• Indlela yokusasaza : Nangona sisazi isidingo senkqubo yokusasaza esebenzayo nethembekileyo, abakhathali nokuba yenziwa njani.

• Impembelelo yolunye utshintsho : Ngaphandle kokuba izinto zingahambi kakuhle, asizikhathazi ngotshintsho olunganxulumananga nabanye abaphuhlisi.

• Ulawulo lokusasazwa : Injineli ayinandaba nokuba ngubani olawula ukuthunyelwa kwiqela lesoftware. Umzekelo, siyakukhathalela kuphela ukulawula ukusasazwa ukuba sinikwe umsebenzi wokwenza oko.

Impembelelo yokusasazwa okuQhubekayo (CD)

Ke uloyiko lunento yokwenza nokuthunyelwa ngokuqhubekayo?

Kakhulu.

Uphononongo lungqiniwe [iingenelo ezininzi](https://dora.dev/capabilities/continuous-delivery/#:~:text=DevOps%20Research%20and%20Assessment%20(DORA, as%20higher%20levels%20of%20availability) ye-Deployment Continuous (CD), kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ezininzi zazo zingokwengqondo ngokwendalo yokuthunyelwa ngokuqhubekayo kususa "umntu-kwi-loop", ngoko ke, kufuna ukuthembela okuqinileyo kwisiseko sovavanyo.

Ngamanye amazwi, iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo aziqinisekisi kuphela ukuthembeka kwemveliso kodwa zibonelela ukhuseleko lwengqondo , ngamanye amaxesha ngokungenangqiqo, ukunciphisa ukwesaba ukuthunyelwa. Njengomphuhlisi, ndikhululekile ukwenza utshintsho kwinkqubo yeCD vs ukuba ndiyacelwa ukuba ndiqinisekise utshintsho ngesandla.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwezi zicwangciso zeCD, iinkampani ezininzi zisaqala ukuthunyelwa ngesandla (zinomntu-kwi-loop), ebonisa indlela elumkileyo ekuphunyezweni kweCD. Oku kuziphatha kuphakamisa ukuba amaqela akhetha ukugcina iliso kwinkqubo yokukhululwa kunye nokungenelela apho kuyimfuneko.

Oku kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokwembono yokhuseleko lwengqondo. Ukuthunyelwa ngesandla kuthetha ukuba umntu ubeka esweni inkqubo kunye nokusingatha imiba xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle. Ngelixa oku kubonelela ngemvakalelo yokhuseleko, kunokubangela uloyiko kumntu othumelayo kwaye utyekele kwimpazamo yomntu.

Ukusasazwa ngezandla

Ngaphandle kokusilela, amaqela amaninzi alawula ukuthunyelwa ngesandla. Ubeko oluqhelekileyo lwezandla lungabandakanya amanyathelo ambalwa:

Ukongamela

Umntu ugcina yonke inkqubo yokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuba ukukhululwa kuphume. Lo mntu unikwe umsebenzi wokungenelela xa kukho iimpawu zengxaki. Amaqela agcina umntu ekufowunelwa nguye olawula ukuthunyelwa kwawo kwaye ajongane neengxaki xa zivela.

Amaqela oKhupho azinikeleyo

Amanye amaqela aneqela elizinikeleyo lobunjineli, eliqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kuhamba kakuhle. Kuba oku kuthetha iqondo eliphezulu lobungcali, inkqubo yokusasaza inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inokuthenjwa.

Ispreadsheets

Ezinye iinkampani zigcina i-spreadsheet ukuqinisekisa naluphi na utshintsho olwenziwe. Oku kuvumela iinkampani ukuba zijonge kwaye zivume olu tshintsho, ziqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho echazwe kwangaphambili.

Incwadi ye-Q

Ukongeza kwi-spreadsheets, i-QA ye-manual yenye iinkampani zomaleko zongeza. I-QA yeManuwali ivavanya ukukhutshwa okutsha kwindawo yeqonga ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwimveliso. Nangona kunjalo, indawo yovavanyo ayinabo ububhanxa, ke ezinye iimeko zobomi bokwenyani aziyi kuchazwa.

Ingaba izinto zingahambi kakuhle phi ngoFakelo lwezandla?

Izinto ezininzi zinokungahambi kakuhle kulo naliphi na iqela lophuhliso lwesoftware exhomekeke kuphela kusetyenziso lwezandla:

Ukuxhomekeka kwiQela eliNcinci

Oku kunokudala imiqobo, ekhokelela ekukhululeni ukulibaziseka kunye nempazamo yabantu kwezinye iimeko. Kwakhona, iqela linokuba neengxaki xa lo mntu ukhethekileyo ehamba okanye engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efunekayo.

Akukho qhinga lokunciphisa umngcipheko

Akukho sicwangciso-qhinga sokulandela kwisiganeko semveliso esingathandekiyo. Xa kwenzeka isiganeko, iqela lokukhululwa kufuneka lilwe ukuze lifumane abachaphazelekayo abachaphazelekayo ukuze bancede ukusombulula nokwenza izigqibo.

Utyekele kwimpazamo yoMntu

Iimpazamo zokuchwetheza kwimiyalelo okanye kwizikripthi, okanye ulibale ukuqhuba ukusasazwa kwangaphambili okanye amanyathelo asemva kokusasazwa.

Umzamo ophezulu

Ekubeni ukuthunyelwa kufuna ukugcinwa komntwana kwinkqubo, iba ngumzamo ochitha ixesha. Kwakhona kubangela ukuba ukuphindaphinda kokuthunyelwa kwehle kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba idinga iyure ukujonga ukuthunyelwa konke, iqela lokukhulula linokugqiba ukutsiba ukuthunyelwa ngeentsuku ezinotshintsho oluncinci ukugcina elo xesha.

Ukuqhawuka koNxibelelwano

Akucaci kumaqela emveliso imeko yokukhutshwa kwaye xa utshintsho lwabo lungena kwimveliso.

Ukujonga le mingeni, kulula ukuqonda ukuba kutheni iinjineli zisoyika ukuthunyelwa. Umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ekuhanjisweni, izibonda eziphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo lokugcina ixesha lokuphumla liphantsi nazo zinegalelo kolu loyiko.

Ezi ntsilelo zinokuncitshiswa ngokunyusa uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuba olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwindawo yovavanyo, akufuneki ulindele uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ukubamba yonke impazamo enokwenzeka. Ukusilela kulindeleke kodwa ngesantya esincitshisiweyo.

Yintoni Esinokuyenza Ngayo?

Ukuseta ngokulula ukuBekwa ngokuQolekileyo? Kulula ukuthetha kunokwenza. Ngaphandle kokusilela, ukusasazwa ngesandla kusalungile ukuba kulawulwa kakuhle. Iinjongo kufuneka zibe:

• ubonelele ngeerayile zokukhusela ukuphepha iziganeko zemveliso
• ukunciphisa iimpazamo zabantu
• yenza ukuba nabani na aqalise ukusebenzisa
• qinisekisa ukuba ukusasazwa kwenzeka rhoqo

IiGada - iCanary kunye neRollbacks

Izicwangciso zeCanary kunye neRollback zinokunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokucima kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zithintele ingxaki ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-canary kuveza ukukhutshwa kwakho okutsha kwindawo encinci yetrafikhi yendalo. Oku kunika amaqela ukuqonda kwimiba ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizange ize ngexesha lovavanyo.

Kwelinye icala, iqhinga lokubuyela umva linceda iinjineli ukuba zibuyisele ukukhutshwa kwimeko yazo yangaphambili ezinzileyo. Yenziwa xa kuvela iingxaki ezintsha emva kokuthunyelwa kwindawo yemveliso.

Nciphisa iimpazamo zaBantu - Ukubekwa emgangathweni

Chaza iindlela ezisemgangathweni zokusasaza ezikhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukungaguquguquki, ukuthembeka, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wesoftware. Kwimeko yabo yengxelo ye-DevOps , i-DORA ibonisa ukuba ukuthembeka kuqikelela ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba nenkqubo esemgangathweni ivumela ukuphinda-phinda kwiinkqubo zokukhupha, ezinokuthi zizenzekele. Ukuzenzela le nkqubo kunceda iqela ligcine iindleko zemveliso ziphantsi.

Democratize Inkqubo yokusasazwa

Ukwenza inkqubo yokusasazwa ngedemokhrasi kususa ukuthembela kubantu abathile. Ukuba sixhobisa nayiphi na injineli yesoftware ukuba isebenzise, inciphisa kancinci uloyiko. "Ukuba" nabani na angathumela, akufanele kube nzima kakhulu." Yabelana ngelegos zakho!

Ukusasazwa rhoqo

Ukunciphisa ixhala lokuthunyelwa, kufuneka sisebenzisa rhoqo, hayi ngaphantsi. Ingxelo ye-DORA ikwaqaqambisa ukuba ibhetshi encinci ayinakubangela imiba kwaye incede ukuthoba umqobo wengqondo kubaphuhlisi.

Phucula amava oPhuhlisi

Ukucacisa oko kusetyenzwayo kuphucula amava omphuhlisi. Yenza kube lula kubaphuhlisi ukuba bazi xa ukusasazwa kwenzeka kwaye loluphi utshintsho olubandakanyiweyo. Oku kungafihlwa kunceda abaphuhlisi balandelele xa utshintsho lwabo luba bukhoma kwaye lwenza lula uphando lweziganeko.

IziCwangciso ezichaziweyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko

Kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo achaziweyo okulandelwa kwii-rollbacks kunye ne-hotfixes, njengoko oku kunceda ukuphelisa nakuphi na ukungazinzi kunye neziganeko zemveliso. Umzekelo, kufuneka kubekho ukwakhiwa okwahlukileyo kwaye kusetyenziswe amanyathelo ukuze amaqela alandele ukubuyisela umva ngokulula.

Ngokufanayo, ukulinganisa indlela yokujongana ne-hotfixes kunye ne-cherry-picks kunokukwenza kube lula ukusebenza xa iipakethi ziphezulu.

IiFlegi zeFeature

Iiflegi zeFeature zifana nokubulala-ukutshintsha okunokucima into entsha ebangele isiganeko kwimveliso. Oku kunokwenza ukuba iinjineli zikwazi ukusombulula iziganeko zemveliso ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqukumbela

Amaqela esoftware kufuneka aphathe ukukhululwa kwenjineli njengento ephambili kwasekuqaleni kophuhliso lwemveliso ukunqanda iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu. Kwaye akufuneki sivumele izehlo ezinje ngokucinywa kweCrowdstrike ziphazamise iindlela zethu zophuhliso. Ukujongana noloyiko lokuthunyelwa kunye nokuthintela izehlo zemveliso kubandakanya izicwangciso ezininzi eziphambili:

• Tyala ekumiseleni iinkqubo zokusasazwa.
• Cwangcisa amacebo achazwe kakuhle okunciphisa umngcipheko, afana nokukhutshwa kwe-canary, ukukhutshwa kobuchule, ukubuyisela umva, kunye nee-hotfixes.
• Yenza lula amava omphuhlisi ngokwenza idemokhrasi ukuthunyelwa, kwaye ukhuthaze wonke umntu ukuba athathe inxaxheba.

Kwi-Aviator, sakha izixhobo zemveliso zomphuhlisi ukusuka kwimigaqo yokuqala ukuxhobisa abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe ngokukhawuleza nangcono. Indlela yanamhlanje yokulawula ukuthunyelwa, jonga ukukhutshwa kwe-Aviator .