Umzekelo we kwiminyaka emininzi ezidlulileyo ezimbini, ngo-1999, i-cryptographers  (VRFs) Ukubuyiselwa i-Random Functions Silvio Micali, Michael O. Rabin, and Salil Vadhan. Ukubuyiselwa i-Random Functions Kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo, i-cryptography yenzelwe yi-generational breakthrough e-cryptography. Yenza i-cryptographers iindlela yokwenza i-randomity enokukwazi ukuvavanya, kodwa akukho umntu angakwazi ukuhlaziywa okanye ukuhanjiswa. Kwiintsuku, i-VRFs efanayo, kunye ne-modification emininzi, zihlanganisa iinkonzo ze-blockchain ezintsha, zibonisa iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo, zangaphakathi kunye ne-tamper-proof. Ezininzi i-oracles kunye ne-blockchains zisetyenzise i-VRFs ukuze kuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ziyi-authenticity, i-verifiability kunye ne-randomity kwi-consensus. Njengoko i-blockchain yandisa, imibuzo ye-consensus yandisa kwi-"Ukwenza ukusebenza ngempumelelo?" kwi-"Ukwazi ukuxhaswa ngempumelelo phantsi komthamo, okanye inokunceda ukuxhaswa kwimeko emangalisayo?" Kwiintsuku, i-networks esebenzayo i-value epheleleyo iingxaki ze-block generation, i-block validation, kunye ne-consensus. xa inikeza i-efficiency, i-fairness, kunye ne-deterministic finality. I-Proof-of-Stake (PoS) ye-Beldex I-Proof-of-Stake (PoS) ye-Beldex I-Proof-of-Stake (PoS) ye-Beldex Okwangoku, i-Beldex ibekwe kwi . Verifiable Random Functions make this possible by ensuring validator selection, block leader election, block scheduling, and reward distribution remain **secure, verifiable, equitable and free from manipulation.
 improving randomness and unpredictability Yintoni i-Verifiable Random Function (VRF)? Kwimeko yayo, a is a cryptographic primitive that generates a pseudo random output along with a proof that the output was produced correctly. A validator participating in consensus, for example, produces a output and a corresponding proof, broadcasts it to the other subset of participating validators. Verifiable Random Function Njengoko i-VRFs inokufumaneka ngalinye i-validator kwi-network, it ensures the output produced is valid, random, and tamper-proof, without the validators knowing the result beforehand. Oku kwenza i-VRFs ikakhulu kakhulu kwi-blockchain consensus. Zifumaneka i-randomity ye-verifiable kwiinkqubo ze-consensus-specific, ze-probabilistic ezifana 
 
 
 
 
 Validator Ukukhetha Ukulungiswa kweBlock Leader Block imveliso Ukudlulisa kunye ne-block validation I-VRF inikeza imiphumo emangalisayo, enokutholakalayo, ebonakalayo ngexesha lokugcina ukucaciswa kumahlanganyeli we-consensus. Ngokutsho, i-VRFs enable a blockchain to make decisions that are simultaneously random and verifiable, an important combination for privacy-first networks. Yintoni iiprojekthi zithembisa kwi-VRF-based consensus I-blockchains ezintsha isebenza phantsi kolawulo olwandle njengoko i-value, i-userbase, kunye nokuveliswa kwihlabathi. Iimveliso ze-determinism zihlanganisa, ngexesha iimveliso ezininzi ezininzi ezininzi ezininzi ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye zibe. Ngokwesibonelo, umnqweno we-capital elikhulu kunokufumana ukuchitha i-consensus round ukuba bakwazi ukulawula i-majority yeengxaki kwinethiwekhi. Oku kubandakanyeka ngokwenene ukuthatha ngaphezu kwe-51% ye-network. Nangona iimfuno ezininzi zokusebenza kwi-networks, sinokufumaneka kuphela. In addition to economic deterrents, a consensus mechanism with inherent provable randomness helps networks remain resistant to targeted attacks, collusion, and even behavioural analysis. I-VRF-based consensus ibonelela kwezi zophando nge: 
 
 
 
 
 Ukwandisa ukuxhaswa phakathi kwama-validators, ukukhuthaza ukuxhaswa Ukuvimbela ukuhanjiswa kwe-planning ye-block producers Ukunciphisa i-efficiency yeengxaki ze-coordination-based Ukuphepha kunye nokubhalisa kubandakanyeka kumazwe omnye I-POS Consensus ye-Beldex: Izakhiwo ezininzi ezininzi Yintoni i-PoS consensus eyenziwa kwinethiwekhi i-robust kunye ne-efficient. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-block ibonelela kwi-committe ye-POS . iimveliso 11 validators and one block producer chosen at random iimveliso iimveliso I-Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) ye-network ibonelela ukuba i-blocks zithunyelwe kuphela xa ifunyenwe yi-supermajority. I-Design yenzelwe ku: 
 
 
 
 
 Ukulungiswa kweblock efanelekileyo kunye ne-deterministic finality. I-BFT ye-probabilistic enokuthintela ukuya kwi-third yeengxaki ze-malign nodes ngalinye i-quorum. Ukucaciswa kwimeko yobungcali ngenxa yobungcali nge-stake lockups kunye neengxaki. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, ukufikelela kwi-network. Nangona ngokugqithisileyo kwaye enokufanelekileyo, imodeli efikelelekayo yenzelwe ukuvelisa kunye nokuphumelela kwinethiwekhi. I-VRF-based consensus ibekwe kwi-consensus ezidlulileyo ngokuvumela i-randomity ye-dynamic kunye ne-verifiable kwi-outputs eyenziwa, kwaye ukwandisa i-validator set kwi-exponentially, ngelixa i-strengths ezidlulileyo. Yintoni i-VRF isebenza kwiBeldex Ngokutsho kwi-VRF-based framework, le validator selection process becomes dynamic and highly probabilistic. Kwimeko yokufikelela kwi-set ye-11 plus one node, approximately two-thirds of all eligible masternodes participate in each consensus round. Ngokusho ukuba kukho kwinethiwekhi Beldex ngoku, malunga neentloko ezimbini ze masternodes okanye malunga 2481 masternodes ezisebenzayo 1654 nodes will participate in the VRF-based consensus. 2481 masternodes ezisebenzayo 2481 masternodes ezisebenzayo I-Dynamic isithunyelwe kwi-round, kwaye zonke i-node esithunyelwe yi-pseudo random output kunye ne-proof ye-cryptographic ye-authenticity. Ubunzima Value Wonke node ibangela ukuvelisa i-output efanayo nangaphantsi kwinqanaba le-threshold. I-Node ebandayo ebandayo phantsi kwinqanaba le-threshold ekugqibeleni kubaluleke ekukhiqizeni kwe-block, kunye ne-block production . I-1653 ama-nodes ezidlulileyo ziyafumaneka njenge Ukubonisa umgangatho we-block ngokusebenzisa i-proofs eyenziwa ngu-block producer. i-nod generating the lowest possible valid output being selected as the block producer Ukucaciswa Qaphela ukuba umxholo we-block producer kunye ne-validator isetyenziswa kwakhona ukusuka kwi-111 + 1 ye-node ye-fixed ukuya kwi-2/3 ye-node ezininzi (i-1654 ye-node kwi-example yethu) kwi-network. Ngenxa yokuba i-threshold kunye ne-outputs ziyafumaneka, I-output eyenziwa yi-nod yi-verified by every other node participating in the consensus, ngoko nayiphi na ingxaki ukuxhaswa okanye ukuxhaswa kwinethiwekhi ibonakaliswa ngu-maxium ye-nodes eyenziwe. i-validator ayikwazi ukuhlaziywa kwakhona ngexesha lokuqala Xa izigidi ezimbini (1654) zeenkcukacha ezisetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshintshwa kwe-consensus njengoko iindleko ze-capital kubaluleke kakhulu. umqhubi uya kufuneka ibheja 10000 BDX ukuba isebenze i-masternode kwi-Beldex network. Ukuze umdlali omnqweno ukuchitha inethiwekhi, kufuneka usebenze i-1654 masternodes, nto leyo ibonisa umdlali we-masternodes. Ukuvumelana Yintoni iingxaki ze-over Nangona kunjalo, i-probability yeenkcukacha zayo zihlanganisa ukuba ziyafumaneka kwi-consensus ibekwe emangalisayo. 16,540,000 BDX. Xabiso rhoqo BDX $1.37 M USD Xabiso rhoqo BDX Xabiso rhoqo BDX Ukusetyenziswa kwe-block finality ngokunciphisa iziganeko ezininzi ze-handshake, okuvumela ukuxhaswa kwe-consensus ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-efficient ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwe-correctness. Ngokwenza oku, i-VRFs zithembisa i-transparency, i-verifiability, i-fairness, kunye ne-security ye-PoS consensus, kwaye zithintshwa kwinqanaba le-randomity ekukhuthaza i-resilience ye-network. Ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi I-VRF-based consensus ivula ukhuseleko ye-Beldex kwiintlobo ezininzi: 
 
 
 
 
 I-Byzantine Fault Tolerance: Ukukhetha kwe-validator ebonakalayo (izigidi ezimbini ze-total) ukunciphisa ingozi yeengxaki zeengxaki ze-coordinated, njengoko abaculi abaculi abaziwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bafumane okanye bafumene i-block elandelayo. I-Sybil kunye ne-Collusion Resistance: Nangona i-attacker isebenze ama-nodes ezininzi, i-selection eyenziwe ngempumelelo kakhulu i-limits ye-influence yayo ngalinye. I-attacker ayikwazi ukucacisa ixabiso ye-dynamic threshold ngexesha elandelayo, ngoko ke, ukuphucula ukuba zonke i-nodes ze-output eyenza i-threshold ekunciphiseni kwindawo ye-consensus kunokwenzeka kakhulu. Izixhobo ze-economic ezinxulumene, kuquka i-lockups kunye ne-potencial deregistration, zithintela kwakhona umzimba we-malware. I-Faster Finality: Ngokuphucula ukwakhiwa kwe-quorum kunye nokunciphisa i-handshakes (ngoku, ukwakhiwa kwe-quorum kunye ne-handshakes kwi-consensus yi-process ye-11 step), i-VRFs ikhawuleza i-block finality ngelixa ukugcinwa kwe-deterministic correctness. I-Fair Reward Distribution: Ngexesha elide, i-selection ye-probabilistic ibonelela ukuba ama-rewards zithunyelwe ngempumelelo phakathi kwe-validators, ngokuxhomekeke ne-Law of Large Numbers. Ukwakhiwa kwe-quorum kunye ne-handshakes kwi-consensus yi-process ye-11 step Ukwakhiwa kwe-quorum kunye ne-handshakes kwi-consensus yi-process ye-11 step Umdlalo we-VRF kwi-privacy-first ecosystem ye-Beldex kuquka unpredictability yentliziyo yentliziyo. Kuba i-privacy-oriented networks, ukhuseleko ivela ngaphezu kweenkcukacha ze-cryptographic Iimveliso ezibonakalayo, njenge-nodes ezivela kwi-blocks, ngexesha elininzi, kwaye ngexesha elizayo kunokwenza i-attack vectors, kubandakanya i-profiling okanye i-targeting eyenziwe. Ngokuvumela i-randomity eyenziwa kwihlabathi ye-consensus, i-VRF zincinciphisa leemveliso ezininzi ezibonakalayo kunye nokukhuthaza ubumfihlo kwi-ecosystem. Iiproceshi ze-ancillary ye-network, ezifana ne-validator rotation, i-traffic routing, kunye ne-storage server assignment iimveliso Ukunciphisa iingcango yokubonisa iingcango kunye neengcango, i-VRF-based consensus ibandakanya ubumfihlo kwinqanaba ye-protocol kunye ne-network-wide resilience, ukongezelela iintengiso zokhuseleko ezikhoyo ezidlulileyo ziye zibonise i-Beldex kwinethiwekhi ye-privacy enokwethenjelwa kunye nokhuseleko. Ukucinga Ukucinga Ukukhangisa Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mainnet nge-hard fork ngexesha le-2026, le upgrade yandisa i-randomity, ukhuseleko kunye ne-efficiency ngaphandle kokunciphisa iinkonzo ze-PoS ezidlulileyo. Iqela le-Beldex ibonelela iiphepha le-research ye-network yokusetyenziswa kwe-Verifiable Random Functions-consensus kwiQ1, 2026. Kwimeko apho ukutshatyalaliswa kunokwenzeka kwizinga, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-random ye-optimization kuphela, kodwa kuyimfuneko ye-strategic. Kwi-Beldex, i-VRFs ibonise ukuba ngokutshatyalaliswa kwizinga kunye ne-equality, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-privacy kwi-lockstep, ngokuqinisekileyo ekhuselekileyo kwinethiwekhi.

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