Ukulawula iZithuthi eziziSebenzisayo kwiiNjilo eziZijikelezileyo ezingenazo iiNdlela ezinkulu

Itheyibhile yoQhagamshelwano

Isishwankathelo kunye nentshayelelo

IModeli yemoto

Ulawulo lweeNgxelo eziNgelulo

IiCorridor zeOD kunye neZiqhelaniso ezinqwenelekayo

Abalawuli bemida kunye noKhuseleko

Iziphumo zokulinganisa

Ukuqukumbela

Isihlomelo A: UkuFumana ukungqubana

Isihlomelo B: Iigophe ze-ISO-Distance eziguquliweyo

ISihlomelo C: Uxinaniso lwasekuhlaleni

IsiHlomelo D: Iinkcukacha zoMlawuli woKhuseleko

Isihlomelo E: Iiparamitha zoMlawuli

Iimbekiselo

I-Abstract -Ukulawula izithuthi ezizenzekelayo kwiindlela ezinkulu ezijikelezayo ezingenazo iindlela zingumngeni ngenxa yobunzima bejometri kunye neengxabano eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwezithuthi ezingenayo, ezijikelezayo, neziphumayo. Eli phepha liphakamisa indlela ebanzi yokulawula izithuthi ngaphakathi komjikelezo ojikelezayo kunye namasebe endlela edibeneyo. Isicwangciso esiphuhlisiwe sesithuthi sexesha lokwenyani sixhomekeke kwiipaseji zentshukumo ezidityanisiweyo ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, enye yentshukumo nganye ye-Origin-Destination (OD), echaza imimandla yentshukumo eyamkelekileyo yezithuthi ze-OD ezihambelanayo. Kwakhona, ulungelelwaniso olunqwenelekayo oluxhomekeke kwindawo lumiselwa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ungquzulwano lwezithuthi olunokubakho kunye nokunciphisa umgama wohambo. Isicwangciso sokulawula intshukumo esasazwayo (ngesithuthi ngasinye), sisebenzisa abalawuli ababini abangabonakaliyo (i-NLFC), kwiintshukumo zesetyhula kunye neentshukumo ezithe ngqo, ngokulandelanayo, ziqeshwe ukuhamba ngesithuthi ngasinye ngaphakathi kwe-OD ye-corridor ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo, i-accounting ye-orientation efunwayo kunye nokuphepha ukungqubana. nezinye izithuthi; ngelixa abalawuli bemida beqinisekisa ukuba imida ye-corridor ayiyi kuphulwa, kwaye ukuphuma akuyi kuphoswa. Njengophononongo olunzima kakhulu, sijonga umjikelo odumileyo weNdawo iCharles de Gaulle eParis, enobubanzi obuyi-38 m kwaye ibandakanya ishumi elinesibini lezitrato ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo, kungoko zizonke ii-ODs ezili-144. Ukufaneleka kunye nokusebenza kwendlela enikezelweyo iqinisekiswa ngokulinganisa okuncinci kunye novavanyo lwedatha enkulu.

IMigaqo yesalathiso- izithuthi ezizenzekelayo, itrafikhi engenandlela, ukulinganisa ngemicroscopic, isilawuli sengxelo esingenamgca

I. INTSHAYELELO

Ukujongana nemiba ebangelwa kukuxinana kwezithuthi, njengokulibaziseka kokuhamba, ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko lwezithuthi, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwezithuthi ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye ngokuyinxenye ziqeshwe kwiminyaka emashumi edlulileyo [1], [2]. Kutshanje, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeNdlela zokuSebenza kunye neeNkqubo zoNxibelelwano (VACS) ziye zaphuhliswa eziphucula kakhulu amandla omntu ngamnye wezithuthi, okwenza isizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zolawulo lwezithuthi ezinokubakho [3], [4]. Olu tyekelo luyaqhubeka nokuvela kwezithuthi ezizihambelayo eziphezulu okanye eziphantse zingaqhubi eziye zazanywa kwiindawo zokwenyani zendlela, jonga umz. [5]. Kwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu, izithuthi zinokunxibelelana enye kwenye kunye neziseko zophuhliso; kwaye uqhube ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokusekelwe kwiinzwa zakho, unxibelelwano, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula intshukumo.

Kutshanje, ingqikelelo yeTrafficFluid, iparadigm yenoveli yetrafikhi yezithuthi, esebenza kumanqanaba aphezulu omatshini wokuzenzela kunye nonxibelelwano yacetywa [6]. Ingqikelelo ye-TrafficFluid ixhomekeke kwimithetho-siseko emibini edibeneyo: (a) I-traffic engenazo iindlela, apho izithuthi zingabotshelelwanga kwiindlela ezisisigxina zendlela, njengakwindlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa zinokuqhuba naphi na kumphezulu we-2-D wendlela; kunye (b) nokuqhuba isithuthi, apho izithuthi zinxibelelana nobukho bazo kwezinye izithuthi eziphambi kwazo (okanye ziviwa zizo), kwaye oku kunokuphembelela ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezingaphambili. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, izicwangciso zentshukumo ezininzi zacetywayo kwizithuthi ezizimeleyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezingenazo iindlela phantsi kweTrafficFluid paradigm, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya: izicwangciso ze-ad-hoc [6], [7], ulawulo olululo [8], [ I-9], ukuqinisa ukufunda [10], ukulawulwa kwengxelo engabonakaliyo [11], [12]; kunye nemeko-bume yokulinganisa igeneric yetrafikhi engenandlela nayo iye yaphuhliswa [13]; bona [14] ukuze ufumane impinda emfutshane.

Kwintetho ephambili ebalaseleyo [15], uLuc Julia ukhankanye izizathu ezibini zokuba kutheni iimoto ezingaqhubi zisenokungaze zibe yinyani, esinye sazo siyindawo entsonkothileyo yeNdawo kaCharles de Gaulle eParis, eboniswe kwiSazobe soku-1, esintsokothe kakhulu kwiimoto ezizisebenzelayo. (AV) ukuhamba. Lo mjikelo udumileyo yi-38 m ububanzi, kunye neradiyasi yangaphandle ye-84 m kunye ne-radius yangaphakathi ye-46 m. Ibandakanya ishumi elinesibini lezitrato ze-bi-directional radial, okt, iintshukumo ezili-144 ezihlukeneyo zemvelaphi-indawo (OD) yezithuthi. Ngenxa yobu bunzima, olu ncedo lwendlela lusebenza ngaphandle kwemizila; ngoko ke, xa sele kujikelezo, abaqhubi abangabantu kufuneka bafumane indlela yabo ngaphandle kokubambelela kuzo naziphi na iindlela zezithuthi. Isiteyitimenti sikaLuc Julia sisinike inkuthazo yokujongana nomceli mngeni kwaye sicamngce ngeNdawo ejikelezayo iCharles de Gaulle, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, isiseko esingenandlela, njengesifundo sombono weTrafficFluid, okt, ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuhamba kwesithuthi seAV. inokugcwala kwaye iqhube kwezo ndlela zokujikeleza ezintsonkothileyo, njengoko kuchaziwe kweli phepha.

Ukujikeleza yinxalenye ephambili yetrafikhi yasezidolophini, evumela ukuhamba ngokufanelekileyo kwiitrafikhi ezilula [17]; kodwa inokuba yindawo yomqobo kwiimfuno eziphezulu. Ngoko ke, ulawulo oluyimpumelelo lweendlela ezijikelezayo, ezithathwa ngokuba nzima ngenxa yobunzima babo, kunokuphucula ukuhamba kwezithuthi kwindawo ejikelezileyo. Kukho imisebenzi emininzi kuncwadi egxile kwi-AV ukuqhuba kwimijikelezo [18]-[33]. Ukuhlelwa kweendlela ezikhoyo, ngokusekelwe kwezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo,

inikwe kuLuhlu I. Uninzi lwemisebenzi exeliweyo ibonakala ijolise kujikelezo olulula olungasondeliyo kubuntsokotha beli phepha lophononongo. Ngokukodwa, uninzi lwazo lugxile kumjikelezo omnye okanye weendlela ezimbini ezinenani eliqingqiweyo lezitrato ezijikelezayo.

Ingxelo yokuqala yeziphumo zokuqala kwimijikelezo engenazo iindlela ezibandakanya isikimu solawulo lwe-AV kunye nesicelo sokujikeleza kweNdawo uCharles de Gaulle (eParis) yanikezelwa [34]. Apho, umlawuli wengxelo engahambelaniyo, ophuhliswe kwi- [11] yezithuthi ezihamba kwiindlela ezithe ngqo ezingenazo iindlela, waqeshwa ukulawula izithuthi kumjikelo wokujikeleza. Ukongeza, kwi- [35], siphuhlise indlela yokulawula eyona ilungileyo yokunciphisa isixa esilinganisiweyo somgama wohambo kunye nokutenxa ukusuka kwisindululo sesetyhula ukumisela ulungelelwaniso olufunwayo kwimijikelezo emikhulu, ukubuyisela indlela ye-heuristic esetyenziswe kwi- [34].

Kweli phepha, sandisa kwaye siphucule izicwangciso ezivezwe kwi- [34] kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwezithuthi ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuhamba okwamkelekileyo, ngokukodwa kwiimeko eziphezulu. Okokuqala, umlawuli omtsha ongeyena umgca, owenzelwe i-ring-roads kwi- [12], uqeshwe ukulawula izithuthi ngelixa uhamba kwindawo ejikelezayo, efanelekileyo ngakumbi kunokuguqula umlawuli wendlela echanekileyo, njengoko kwenziwa kwi- [34]. Okwesibini, indlela engaphantsi kwe-intanethi, eboniswe kwi- [35], isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuqhelaniswa kwesithuthi esifunwayo. Ngaphaya koko, ezinye iingqwalaselo ezongezelelweyo, njengesantya esinqwenelekayo esisekwe kuxinaniso lwendawo kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko olude luyaziswa.

ukuqinisekisa: (i) umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kwiimeko ezixinene kakhulu; kunye (ii) nokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nomthamo ophezulu kuwo onke amanqanaba oxinaniso. Ngelixa siyila isicwangciso sentshukumo, kwiindawo ezithile siye sazama ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wezigqibo zabantu, kwaye sizilandele, ukuba zibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle. Ividiyo yokulinganisa okuncinci kumjikelo weCharles de Gaulle usebenzisa le ndlela ikhoyo iyafumaneka ku-https://bit.ly/36exR42. Okokugqibela, idatha ye-macroscopic isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza komgangatho wetrafikhi yendlela ebonisiweyo.

Inxalenye yephepha ilandelayo. Icandelo le-II lichaza ukuguquguquka kwezithuthi kunye nokuguqulwa kweentshukumo zesetyhula kunye ne-skewed. Abalawuli abangabonakaliyo abasetyenziselwa iindlela ezithe tye kunye neesetyhula zinikezelwa kwiCandelo III. Icandelo IV lichaza iipaseji zeOD eziyiliweyo kunye nendlela yoqhelaniso enqwenelekayo. Abalawuli bomda kunye nokhuseleko banikezelwa kwiCandelo V. Iziphumo zokulinganisa zichazwe kwiCandelo VI. Amagqabantshintshi okuqukumbela anikwe kwiCandelo VII. Ezinye iinkcukacha zemiba esecaleni zinikiwe kwiZihlomelo ezine.