
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ababhali: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shengyu Tao Haizhou Liu Chongbo Sun Haocheng Ji Guanjun Ji Zhiyuan Han Runhua Gao Jun Ma Ruifei Ma Yuou Chen Shiyi Fu Yu Wang Yaojie Sun Yu Rong Xuan Zhang Guangmin Zhou Hongbin Sun Isishwankathelo Iibhetri ezingalungiswanga ezithathe umhlalaphantsi ezinezinto ezahlukeneyo zekhowudthi zithintela ukwamkelwa kokugaywa ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yesimo sazo esithile kwi-cathode. Ukwanda kweebhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi kufuna ukuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kugaywe ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa imiceli-mngeni ivela kubudala bokusebenza obahlukeneyo, abavelisi abahlukeneyo, kunye neziphazamiso zobumfihlo bedatha xa kugcinwa abalingane bokugaywa (abanini bedatha). Apha sibonisa, kwiseti yedatha eyodwa yeebhetri ezili-130 ze-lithium-ion ezahlukileyo ezineziphawuli ze-cathode ezisi-5 kunye nabavelisi abasi-7, indlela yokufunda ngekhompyutha edibeneyo ingakwazi ukuhlela ezi bhetri zithathe umhlalaphantsi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwidatha yokusebenza yangaphambili, ikhusela ubumfihlo bedatha babalingane bokugaywa. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifunyenweyo kwisikhewu sokutshaja-ukukhutshwa kokuphela kobomi, imodeli yethu ibonisa iimpazamo zokuhlela i-cathode ze-1% kunye ne-3% phantsi kweemeko zokugaywa kwebhetri ezifana nezingafaniyo kunye nezingafaniyo ngokulandelelanayo, ngenxa yendlela yethu entsha yokuvota ngobungakanani be-Wasserstein. Ngokwezoqoqosho, indlela ecetyisiweyo igxininisa ixabiso lokuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwebhetri ukuze kushishinwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezininzi nezizinzileyo. Oluphononongo luvula iparadigm entsha yokusebenzisa idatha enobulungu obuvakalayo evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ixhasa izigqibo ezixhasayo nezibekekileyo zobumfihlo kwiinkqubo ezisasaziweyo. Intshayelelo Iibhetri zeLithium-ion (LIBs), ezisebenza njengezixhobo zokugcina amandla, ziye zathandwa kakhulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimveliso yoshishino ukuya kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla njengendlela eyammukelweyo yobuchwepheshe. Izibikelelo zibonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemveliso yehlabathi ye-LIBs buya kudlula i-1.3 TWh ngo-2030  xa imfuno ekhulayo yee bhetri iya kudlula kakhulu ubuthakazelo bezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lithium kunye ne-cobalt , . Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obuphakathi ngoku bemveliso ye-LIB bungaphezu kweminyaka emi-5–8, okukhokelela ekwanda okukhawulezileyo kweebhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi kumazwe amaninzi. Ukuba aziphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, iibhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi ziya kubangela inkunkuma engazinzanga yezixhobo kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwezi meko, ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kwebhetri kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko sijongana nothotho oluzayo lweebhetri ze-LIB ezithathe umhlalaphantsi . 1 2 3 4 Ukuphucuka kutshanje kuphononongwe ngezokugaywa kwebhetri kugxile kwiindlela ze-pyrometallurgical, ze-hydrometallurgical, kunye nezokugaywa ngqo . Ngokungafaniyo neendlela ze-pyrometallurgical kunye neze-hydrometallurgical, ukugaywa ngokuthe ngqo kuyahluka njengendlela eyahlukileyo. Le nkqubo ayibangeli monakalo wesibini kwisimo sezinto, ivumela ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesakhiwo kunye nokubuyiselwa kokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, ukugaywa ngokuthe ngqo kubonisa inzuzo ephezulu, njengoko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, ukuncitshiswa kwezinto ezikhutshwa yigesi ye-greenhouse, kunye nemikhondo yendalo engalulelwayo , . Ngokwenene kwimveliso, nangona kunjalo, abagayisi bamacetyiso badla ngokudibana nee-LIBs eziqukethe izinto ezingaziwayo okanye iipaka zebhetri eziqukethe umxube weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zekhowudthi. Ngokubhekiselele ekugayweni ngokuthe ngqo kunokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwisithako se-cathode, ubunzima obunjalo benza ukusetyenziswa kokugaywa ngokuthe ngqo kungasebenzi ukuze kufumaneke ixabiso leebhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi . Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba nokuba izinto eziphambili ezivela kwiintlobo ezixubileyo zekhowudthi zinokukhutshwa kusetyenziswa izicwangciso zokugaywa zemveli, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezithako ezahlukeneyo zekhowudthi ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaywa kunokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho wemveliso . Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ulwazi lwesithako se-cathode kwicala lokugaywa kuchaphazela kakhulu ukhetho lwendlela yokugaywa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ekugqibeleni kuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, inzuzo, kunye nokuzinza. 5 6 7 8 9 Ukugaywa okuxhaswa ngabantu kudala kwaphakanyiswa ukuchonga ulwazi lwesithako se-cathode sebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi kwindawo yokuqala yokulungisa, nto leyo engakavunyelwa ngokwezimali xa ishishini lokugaywa likhula . Ukufumana ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi lwesithako se-cathode sebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi, uluntu lwesayensi kunye noshishino luqalise inkqubo yokulandelela ubomi bebhetri  kunye nemibono ekhoyo efana nephepha lebhleyidi yebhetri  kunye ne-genome yedatha yebhetri . Nangona ibhetri ezininzi ziye zasetyenziswa phambi kwezi zicelo, kukho isivumelwano esikhulayo sokuba ulwazi lwebhetri kufanele lufumaneke kulo lonke uchungechunge lobomi ukuxhasa izigqibo zesibini zobomi . Oku kunokwenzeka ngokukodwa kwiCandelo lokugaywa kwebhetri, indawo yokugqibela yobomi besibini bebhetri, njengoko indlela yokugaywa inokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwisithako se-cathode. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zokulandelela ubomi bebhetri okanye amaphepha ebhetri zenziwa zisebenze ngezixhobo zombane ezifana neebhakhowudi kunye neeteknoloji ye-near-field, ezingadibanisa utyalo-mali olunzima kwaye zingahambelani nezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwebhetri. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo zombane zisengumngeni ukuziphatha ngokungaguquguqukiyo kubomi bazo bonke, zikhokelela kwizixhobo ezonakeleyo kunye nokungafikeleli kwinqanaba lokugaywa njengoko inkqubo yemveliso yangoku ye-LIB ingadibanisi ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekugayweni . Ngoko ke, izinto ezintsha ziyadingeka ngempumelelo ukwenza uhlello olusebenzayo lwesithako se-cathode sebhetri kusetyenziswa ulwazi olufumaneka lula kuphela , , ngokungafaniyo nedatha yembali ebhalisiweyo okanye indlela exhaswa ngabantu, ixhasa ukwamkelwa kokugaywa ngokuthe ngqo ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nenzuzo yeemveliso ezigayiweyo. 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ukufunda ngekhompyutha kuye kwavela njengesixhobo esisebenzayo sokujongana nemibuzo evulelekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo zebhetri. Kwezinye izinto eziphathelele ibhetri, ukufunda ngekhompyutha kuye kwavumela ukufumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zebhetri , , , ukubikezela ubomi obuseleyo bokusebenza , , , , , ukuvavanya imeko yempilo , , , ukulungiselela iprofayili yokujikeleza , , ukubala ukuhanjiswa kokusilela , nkqu nokujolisa uyilo lwebhetri , , kunye nokubikezela ukusebenza kobomi bonke kwangoko emva kwemveliso . Kwimeko yokugaywa kwebhetri, imisebenzi embalwa iye yaphonononga ukufunda ngekhompyutha malunga nezinto zekhowudthi , , nto leyo ibangelwa kukungabikho kwedatha yebhetri, ngakumbi kwezo zijikeleze ukuya kwisiphelo sobomi. Uninzi lwezifundo ezishicilelweyo zibonisa ubungakanani obulinganiselweyo  kwaye zinokulinganiswa ngakumbi kwimixholo yebhetri . Ukunqongophala kubangelwa yindleko enkulu, ixesha elide lokuvavanya , kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, ubumfihlo bedatha ngenxa yeengxaki zorhwebo okanye zenzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, ingxaki yobumfihlo yenza idilemma apho idatha ekhoyo yebhetri, nangona inkulu ngobungakanani kunye nokwahlukahlukana ivela kumacandelo amaninzi afana nabavelisi beebhetri, abasebenzisi bokwenyani, imibutho yezemfundiso, kunye namaqonga ezingxenyeni zakutshanje, ayinakwabelwana ngayo. Esi sixa sibiza ukufunda ukuhlela izithako zekhowudthi ukuze kulungiswe ukhetho lwendlela yokugaywa kwebhetri ngendlela exhasayo kunye nokugcina ubumfihlo. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Ukufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo, njengeparadigm enqikayo nenokugcina ubumfihlo, inamandla okusonjululwa kokubini ukusebenzisana kwamacandelo amaninzi (okulingana, umthamo wedatha yebhetri kunye nokwahlukahlukana) kunye neengxaki zobumfihlo ngokusebenzisa ukufunda ngekhompyutha okuxhasayo , , . Kwisikhundla ngasinye sokuqeqeshwa, abanini bedatha abasasaziweyo benza uqeqesho lwasekhaya ngamandla abo okuqhubekeka kwasemakhaya, bafihle iiparameter/iziphumo zemodeli ezifunyenweyo, kwaye bazithumele kumlawuli ophakathi ukuze zidityaniswe. Izinto ezibhalwe ngeendawo zokulondoloza idatha azikaze ziphume kubanini bedatha abafanelekileyo kwaye iiparameter/iziphumo ezidluliselweyo zifihliwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ubumfihlo bedatha. Ukufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo kuye kwaphononongwa kakhulu kumacandelo amaninzi asetyenziswayo, kubandakanywa impilo kawonke-wonke , , ukuxilongwa kwezilwanyana , , , i-e-commerce , i-Internet of Things , i-computing yeselula , kunye nes gridi ehlakaniphile , , . Le ndlela ingaguqula iparadigm yophando exhaswe yidatha kumacandelo amandla ngokubanzi ngokuvumela ukusebenzisana okugcina ubumfihlo, ngakumbi kwabo banefuthe yidatha elinganiselweyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwicandelo lokugaywa kwebhetri, ukufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo kubonisa amathuba anethemba lokusebenzisa ubungakanani obukhulu bedatha yebhetri ekhoyo kodwa engagcinelwayo ngenxa yeengxaki zobumfihlo. Ngale paradigm edibeneyo kodwa egcina ubumfihlo, ukuhlelwa kwebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi kunokufezwa ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusasazeka, kunye nokulungelwa okubanzi, kulungiselelwe umgangatho kunye nenzuzo yeemveliso ezigayiweyo. Ngokwethu, izifundo zokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo ezigxile ekugayweni kwebhetri azikabikho. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Kolu phando, sikwenza uhlelo lwesithako se-cathode sebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi, sisebenzisa idatha ekhoyo yebhetri evela kubalingane abaninzi, abanjengoomenzi beebhetri, abaqhubi bokufaka izicelo, imibutho yophando lwezemfundo, kunye namaqonga ezingxenyeni, ngendlela yokufunda ngekhompyutha edibeneyo kodwa egcina ubumfihlo njengoko kuchaziwe kuMfanekiso.  . Imbali yethu yokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo yaqeqeshwa kusetyenziswa kuphela isikhewu esinye sovavanyo lwasentshamba nge nkqubo yesabelo esiqhelekileyo sezinto, ngaphandle kolwazi olungaphambili lwemeko yokusebenza yembali. Siyathelekisa amandla okubikezela embali yethu yokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo kunye nezemodeli zasekhaya ezifundiswe ngokuzimeleyo ezisekelwe kwidatha yasekhaya phantsi kweemeko zokugaywa kwebhetri ezifana nezizizo nezingafaniyo. Ingxaki yokungafaniyo inxitywa yindlela yethu yoku
vota ngobubanzi be-Wasserstein ecetyisiweyo. Uvavanyo lwezoqoqosho lokugaywa kwebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi kusetyenziswa isakhelo sethu sokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo siyajongwa, kugxininiswa ubunyani kunye nokubaluleka kokuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwebhetri ezithathwe umhlalaphantsi. Sixubusha ngokupheleleyo ukutolikwa kwemodeli, iziphumo zokugaywa kwebhetri, kunye namathuba abanzi omsebenzi wokugaywa kwebhetri wexesha elizayo odityaniswe nokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo. 1    Imithombo yedatha eninzi, efana nabavelisi bebhetri (Umnikelo womfanekiso Addionics), abaqhubi bokufaka izicelo (ipakeji yebhetri efakwe embindini womgangatho weTesla. Umnikelo womfanekiso uvela kwiTesla), imibutho yophando lwezemfundo, kunye namaqonga ezingxenyeni, ingaba ngabanikeli bedatha. Idatha yebhetri ayitshintshwa phakathi kwabanikeli okanye ingathunyelwa kumgayi webhetri. Endaweni yoko, abanikezeli bedatha baqeqesha iimodeli zasekhaya kwaye babelane ngeeparameter zemodeli nomgayi ukuze bakhe imodeli yehlabathi. Indlela yokuvota ngobubanzi be-Wasserstein ecetyisiweyo idibanisa iimodeli zasekhaya kwimodeli yehlabathi, enokuchacha kakhulu kwimilinganiselo yedatha kunye nomsizi. Abagayi bebhetri bangasebenzisa imodeli edibeneyo ukuze bahlule iibhetri, idibene nedatha elula yokuvavanya yasentshamba.   Isakhelo sethu sokufunda ngekhompyutha ngendlela edibeneyo sikhuthaza abalingane ukuba babelane ngedatha ngelixa kugcinwa ubumfihlo bedatha ngokungafaniyo nepardigm yemithombo yedatha yedwa. a b Iziphumo Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokulinganisa Iimbali zebhetri ezahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri zihlala ziphezulu kwaye kunzima ukuchaza ngenxa yokwahluka kweemeko zokusebenza, ukwahluka kwemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembali . Ukufumana isisombululo kule dilemma, siye saqokelela kwaye salinganisa iibhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi ezili-130 ezineentlobo ezi-5 zezithako zekhowudthi ezivela kubavelisi abasi-7 ukwakha idatha engaphandle kokusasazeka, ngokulinganayo idatha eyahlukileyo. Ngokunikwa okuhlukileyo kokusetyenziswa kwembali, ubukho beebhetri ezibuthelwe ngaphantsi kwe-90% yobukho obubizwa ngokuba bubuncinci. Izithako zekhowudthi yebhetri yi-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), i-lithium ferrophosphate (LFP), i-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA), kunye neentlobo ezixubileyo ze-NMC-LCO, ezihlahlulweyo ziibhloko ezisi-9 ngokusekelwe kubavelisi (Ithebula leNkxaso ). Siyakhetha ukubandakanya iibhetri ezineemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuvavanyo lwelebhu ukuya kwiziphumo zokulawulwa kweemoto zombane, ukuqeqesha imodeli ejongene nazo zonke iimeko ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngumgayi webhetri ngokuzimeleyo kwiimeko zembali kunye neentlobo zebhetri. 52 1 Ukulinganisa, yonke idatha efumaneka kumgayi yile yomjikelo wokuvavanya (yasentshamba) kunye novavanyo olunye lokutshaja nokukhutshwa, ekulula ukulwenza kumacandelo asebenzayo. Idatha efana nevavanyo ibhaqwa kuqala ngokuzaliswa kweendawo ezingabikho, ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphambili, nokwenza ukhuthalelo lwe-median. Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ngumntu kunye nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa yinto efanayo ye-cathode kuhlala kugcinwa ngenxa yoko, ukwenza imodeli ichasene neziphumo ezingapheleleyo. Idatha ke icwangciswa ngokuzalisa imigca (umfanekiso ongasenzekiyo ongasenzekiyo ) kwaye yenziwe ngezinto ezifunyenweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani, kunye nezabelo zolinganiso oluqhelekileyo (Inqaku leNkxaso ). Izinto ezifunyenweyo kwinkqubo yokulinganisa zikwazi ukuchazwa, ingxaki yenkcitho enkulu yorhwebo. Ngokwethu, yiyona ndlela yokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwayo idatha yebhetri eyahlukileyo evela kwimithombo emininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembali ukuncedisa kulwakhiwo lwesicwangciso sokugaywa kwebhetri. 1 1 Umhlathi a,b ibonisa inkqubo yobunjineli bezinto. Sigxila kumgca wokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ethathwe umhlalaphantsi kumjikelo wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, umjikelo omnye wokutshaja kunye nomjikelo omnye wokukhutshwa (iifigures ongasenzekiyo zenkxaso – ). Kumjikelo wokutshaja, izinto ezili-15 zifunyenwe kwisombululo sombane-umthamo kunye nomgca we-dQ/dV, apho i-V kunye ne-Q kut 2 2 5

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