"Quantum" kuboniswa njengoko into eyenziwe ngqo kwi-science fiction xa ufumana kuqala. Ukuba uxhumane ubuncinane, kuboniswa nangaphezulu. Kubonelela ukuba ukhangela malunga nenkqubo yokuba kunye nexesha ngokwayo. I-Quantum mechanics ibonisa (okanye ibonise ukuba ibonise) isebenza kwe-matter kunye ne-light, kunye ne-technology esebenzayo ibonise ukuba usebenzise eli (odd) isebenza. Ukuba isekelwe ngokupheleleyo, kuya kuba into enamandla. Oku kuthatha ukuphazanyiswa kwe-cryptocurrencies kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi ziquka i-passwords ezincinane, i-codes ezincinane, kunye ne-collapse ye-digital security. Oku kubonakala njenge-future emangalisayo, kodwa nathi ufunde ngakumbi malunga nayo. Iinkcukacha ezininzi Yintoni i-Quantum Computing? Ngaba uyazi into malunga ne-cat ye-Schrödinger, ebonakalayo kwaye ebonakalayo ngexesha elithile? Ewe, oku yi-quantum theory. Kwi-quantum system, i-particles ayikho yi-X okanye i-Y, kodwa izinto ezininzi ngexesha elifanayo (i-superposition). Kwakhona zinokufumaneka kunye nabanye kwaye zihlanganisa ngexesha (i-tandem), ngaphandle kwexesha okanye ixesha phakathi kwabo. Njengomfundisi uJohn G. Cramer "I-particle inokufutshane ne-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle ye-particle." Ukucaciswa Ukucaciswa Yeah, ngoko, oku kubaluleke kunye nezinto ezininzi. Yintoni ukuba kufuneka sifumane ukuba umgangatho emangalisayo isetyenziswa kwi-computing ukuba ngexesha elandelayo kwiinkqubo ze-binary. Iinkompyutha zethu ezidlulileyo zisebenzisa i-bit (i-unity ye-digital data) ukuvelisa kunye nokhuseleko yonke into. nge-superposition kunye ne-interaction nge-entanglement. They can represent and act as a single value, either 0 or 1. Quantum computing would use qubits instead, which can represent multiple states Njengoko ungathanda, le simultaneity ivumela ukuba usebenzise inani elikhulu lwezimo ngexesha elifanayo. Iintlawulo ze-laptop ezidlulileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kodwa ziyafumaneka kwiindawo ezincinane njenge-factoring yeenombolo ezininzi okanye ukufumana izixeko ezininzi ze-mathematical. Oku kwenza iinkqubo ze-digital security ezininzi, njenge-cryptography ye-public key, ezihlabathi ukutshintshwa kwezi zixeko. Iintlobo zeComputer Iintlobo zeComputer Yintoni I-Crypto (and Everything Digital) I-Risk Njengoko i-imeyile yayo ibonisa, "crypto-currencies" zihlanganisa ngokupheleleyo nge-cryptography. Zisebenzisa iingcebiso zeemathemikhali ezincinane ukuvelisa iingcebiso ezininzi zokhuseleko idatha zethu. Ezi iingcebiso zihlanganisa kwiingcebiso ezininzi zeenkcukacha, nto leyo kuthetha ukuba kukho iingcebiso ezininzi ezinokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlaziywa ngalinye kunokuba kunzima ngaphezu kweeminyaka ye-universe. Ukususela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cryptocurrencies (Okunye cryptography asymmetric). I-Public key isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa okanye ukuvelisa iingxelo, kwaye i-private key ibonise umnqweno kunye nokuhlinzisa imisebenzi. I-Public key isetyenziswe iintengiso kwaye ibonise ukuba iimveliso ziquka umnqweno olufikelelekayo ngaphandle kokubonisa i-private key. I-cryptography ye-public key This is a system that uses two linked keys: a public key that can be shared openly, and a private key that must stay secret. I-cryptography ye-public key https://youtu.be/AQDCe585Lnc?si=WqzBVeDQZ0q19-0-&embedable=true Enye block enkulu yokwakha I-hash yi-algorithm eyenzelwe ukuxhaswa iinkcukacha, kwaye iye yenza i-input ye-output ye-long-fixed, njenge-digital fingerprint. Zisetyenziselwa ukuxhaswa i-blocks kunye, ukhuseleko kwe-mining okanye ukuxhaswa kwe-transaction, kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa i-wallet addresses. I-hashes ayinxalenye ukuxhaswa kwaye ayinxalenye ukuxhaswa, nto leyo kubalulekile kakhulu ukufumana i-inputs ezimbini kunye ne-output efanayo. Iimpawu ze-hash Iimpawu ze-hash Kodwa ngoko ke akuyona ukuba unayo i-computer ye-quantum efanelekileyo kakhulu, ekusebenziseni ama-billions, ama-trillions, okanye imiphumo efanelekileyo ngexesha elifanayo. . Kwaye le nqakraza akufutshane ne-crypto. Iibhanki kunye neengcali zehlabathi emhlabeni wonke zihlanganisa kwiinkqubo ze-cryptographic efana ne-transactions kunye ne-accounts. Iwebhu ze-Secure zisebenzisa i-cryptography ye-public key nge-HTTPS ukugcina i-logins kunye ne-payments ekhuselekileyo. Ngexesha engapheliyo Your private keys could be from only your public keys (wallet address), for instance Ukucaciswa Ngexesha engapheliyo Ukucaciswa Ukucaciswa Ukuba iinkompyutha ze-quantum ziyafumaneka kwiinkqubo zezi, iimpembelelo ivela kwi-finance, i-commerce, kunye nokusetyenziswa komgangatho kakhulu ye-Internet. Oku kuya kuba i-apocalypse ye-digital. Ngaba iimveliso zayo zihambelana ngoku? Ukusabela okunciphisa ayikho. Kwaye ayikho nje ngexesha elide. I-Quantum technology ayikho yinto elula ukuvelisa okanye ukuvelisa. , umzekelo, yenye i-algorithm ye-quantum ethandwa kakhulu kwi-stock, kwaye ilungiselwe ngexesha elidlulileyo ngo-1994. Kwiintsuku ze-2 ezidlulileyo, nangaphambili kwe-cryptocurrencies, kwaye i-quantum computing iye kwakhona kwi-panels namhlanje. There some quantum computers around, but they’re still giant beasts with few uses and a lot of bugs. Yintoni I-Algorithm ye-Shor Yintoni I-Algorithm ye-Shor Okwangoku, ezinye iiprocessors superconducting ezinkulu nge-approx. 1,000+ qubits kwi-chip eyodwa (njenge-IBM's Condor kunye ne-parallel systems), kunye nezinye ubuchwepheshe zihlanganisa okufanayo kwi-ballpark. iivenkile ze-qubits, kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba akuyona, ndicinga, iivenkile ze-qubits, kodwa iivenkile ze-qubits. Iinkcukacha Yintoni Iinkcukacha Yintoni . Ndiyathanda ividiyo elincinci ezibonisa oku Ngaba uyazi, i-qubits iyathandeki kakhulu kwi-hot, i-radiation, kunye neengxaki ezincinane kunye nenkundla yayo. Le ngxaki ithatha imeko yayo ye-quantum, okuholela iingxaki ze-calculation kunye nemiphumo emangalisayo. : ukuchithwa kwe-random (ngaphezulu kwimeko, ngokwenene) ukuba i-qubit ye-sabotage. Umbala we-Quantum Noise Umbala we-Quantum Noise Ukuze ukunciphisa lo ubushushu, iinkqubo zisebenzisa ukutshisa kakhulu, ukhuseleko, iimveliso ezilungileyo ze-qubit, kunye ne-quantum error correction, apho i-qubits ezininzi ze-noisy zihlanganisa kunye nokwenza i-qubit ye-logic efanelekileyo. The problem isn't close to being fully solved and remains one of quantum computing’s main bottlenecks. Ngoku, yonke oku kungenxa ukuba kufuneka nje ukuchithwa iingxaki emibi ye-quantum computing kwi-crypto kunye ne-digital systems namhlanje. We have time, and we need to prepare. I-Lining ye-Silver Ukubala ngokufanelekileyo, i-cryptographers akuyona kuphela njengoko i-computing ye-quantum itheyibhile. I-one major line of defense , leyo xa yenza i-algorithms ezihambelana neengxaki ze-classic kunye ne-quantum. I-Bitcoin developers, umzekelo, iimveliso zokusebenza ezininzi ezikhuthaza i-quantum-resistant signature schemes. Kwi-level ephakamileyo, Ukwakhiwa kwinqanaba malunga ne-quantum-resistant cryptography ukususela ngosuku lokuqala. I-post-quantum cryptography Zifumaneka QANplatform I-post-quantum cryptography Zifumaneka Iinkcukacha . Thina akuyona indlela yokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ezisetyenziswa izinto ezifana Nangona kunjalo, zibonisa ukuba i-"inxalenye ye-quantum" inokufunda iimodeli ezintsha ngokupheleleyo zokhuseleko, ngaphandle kokufaka kuphela. Even more futuristic ideas exist, as some research initiatives combine blockchains and quantum communication quantum entanglement across time Ukuphumelela kwe-quantum nge-time Ngiyazi ukuba Nangona i-DAG (i-Directed Acyclic Graph) kwaye ayikho ama-miners okanye "i-validators", i-DAG ibekwe kwi-cryptography ye-public-key kunye ne-hash functions - njengoko i-cryptocurrencies ezininzi. Ingaba ayikho kwi-quantum-proofed nangakumbi (akukho inethiwekhi ye-crypto kakhulu), kodwa iqela lethu le-developer isebenza kwaye isixazululo ezintsha ngokushesha. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba siza kubhalwe kwi-algorithm ye-hashing ezininzi kunye ne-quantum-safe digital signatures ngexesha elandelayo. Ukucinga Ukucinga Ukunyuka, i-quantum computing inokugqibela ukuba isebenza njenge-catalyst kunokuba yi-wrecking ball. It inikeza i-crypto inokukwazi ukufumana iingxaki ze-legacy, ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kwe-key, kwaye ukuthatha iinkqubo ezininzi ezihlangene nezinye iindidi. I-result ye-ecosystem engapheliyo kunye ne-proactive. Ukuba i-crypto yenzelwe kwi-thinking ye-adversarial, i-pressure ye-quantum inikeza umngcipheko omtsha nangokufanelekileyo yokukhula. Iimifanekiso ye-Vector ye-Freepik Ukukhishwa kweVector Image by Freepik I-Freepik
