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 Shengyu Tao Haizhou Liu Chongbo Sun Haocheng Ji Guanjun Ji Zhiyuan Han Runhua Gao Jun Ma Ruifei Ma Yuou Chen Shiyi Fu Yu Wang Yaojie Sun Yu Rong Xuan Zhang Guangmin Zhou Hongbin Sun Isishwama Iibhetri ezingalungiselelweyo ezineempahla ezahlukeneyo ze-cathode zithintela ukwamkelwa kokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yesimo sabo esithile se-cathode. Ukwanda kweebhetri ezitshitshiweyo kufuna ukuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa imingeni ivela kubomi obuhlukeneyo bokusebenza, abavelisi abahlukeneyo, kunye neengxaki zobumfihlo bedatha yamaqabane okurisayikilisha (abanini bedatha). Apha sibonisa, ukusuka kwiqela ledatha eliyingqayeleleneyo leebhetri ezili-130 ze-lithium-ion ezisasazeke kwiimpahla ezisi-5 ze-cathode kunye nabavelisi abasi-7, indlela yokufunda yomatshini edibeneyo ingakwazi ukuhlela ezi bhetri ziphelisiweyo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwidatha yokusebenza yangaphambili, ikhusela ubumfihlo bedatha bamaqabane okurisayikilisha. Ngokusebenzisa iimpawu ezisuswe kumjikelo wokutshaja-ukukhutshwa wokuphela kobomi, imodeli yethu ibonisa i-1% kunye ne-3% yeempazamo zokuhlela i-cathode phantsi kweemeko zokurisayikilisha ibhetri efanayo kunye neyahlukeneyo ngokulandelelanayo, ebalelwa kwisicombululo sethu sokuvota esisekelwe kwibanga le-Wasserstein. Ngokwezobuchwepheshe, indlela ecetyisiweyo igxininisa ixabiso lokuhlela ibhetri ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kushishino lokurisayikilisha oluchumayo noluzinzileyo. Oluphando lubhengeza imodeli entsha yokusebenzisa idatha evezwe bubumfihlo evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, eququzelela izigqibo ezisebenzisanayo nehlonipha ubumfihlo kwiinkqubo ezisasazekileyo.  Isingeniso Ii-lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), ezisebenza njengezixhobo zokugcina amandla, ziye zafumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimveliso yoshishino ukuya kubomi bemihla ngemihla njengendlela yobuchwepheshe eyavunyiweyo. Ukuqikelelwa kubonisa ukuba isikali semveliso yehlabathi ye-LIBs sidlule i-1.3 TWh ngo-2030  xa imfuno ekhulayo yee-bhetri iyidlula kakhulu ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezinje nge-lithium kunye ne-cobalt , . Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obuqhelekileyo beemveliso ze-LIBs bungoku buphakathi kweminyaka 5–8, okukhokelela ekwanda okukhulu kwee-bhetri ezitshitshiweyo kumazwe amaninzi. Ukuba aziphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, iibhetri ezitshitshiweyo ziya kukhokelela ekuchithekeni okungazinzanga kwezixhobo kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo. Kule miqathango, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokurisayikilisha ibhetri lubalulekile njengoko sijongana nolwandle oluzayo lwee-LIBs ezitshitshiweyo . 1 2 3 4 Uphuhliso lwamva nje kuphando lokurisayikilisha ibhetri lugxile kwiindlela ze-pyrometallurgical, ze-hydrometallurgical, kunye nezezothe ngqo . Ngokungafani neendlela ze-pyrometallurgical kunye neze-hydrometallurgical, ukurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo kuyahlukile njengendlela eyahlukileyo. Le nkqubo ayibangeli monakalo wesibini kwisakhiwo sezinto, ivumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwesakhiwo kunye nokubuyiselwa kokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, ukurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo kubonisa inzuzo ephezulu, njengoko ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, ukunciphiswa kokukhutshwa kwe-greenhouse gas, kunye neminqongo yokusingqongileyo , . Ngokwenene kwimveliso, nangona kunjalo, abacocyi bee-bhetri bahlala bekhangela ii-LIBs eziqulunqwe zizinto ezingaziwayo okanye iimodyuli zebhetri eziqulunqwe ludibaniso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ze-cathode, ukuba inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo ingaba nzima kakhulu kwi-cathode, ubuchule obunjalo benza isicelo sokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo singasebenzi ukuze kufumaneke ixabiso leebhetri ezitshitshiweyo . Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba nokuba izinto eziphambili ezivela kwiintlobo ezixubileyo zezinto ze-cathode zinokukhutshwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokurisayikilisha eziqhelekileyo, ukudibana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-cathode ngexesha lenkqubo yokurisayikilisha kunokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho wemveliso . Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ulwazi lwentlobo yezinto ze-cathode kwicala lokurisayikilisha kuchaphazela kakhulu ukhetho lwengqokelela yokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ekugqibeleni kuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, inzuzo, kunye nokuzinza. 5 6 7 8 9 Ukugcinwa ngokuthe ngqo okuncediswe ngumntu kuye kwaphunyezwa ukuchonga ulwazi lwentlobo yezinto ze-cathode ezitshitshiweyo kwindawo yokulungiswa kwangaphambili, okusengsadlula kwizoshishino xa ishishini lokurisayikilisha likhula . Ukufumana ngempumelelo ulwazi lwentlobo ye-cathode ezitshitshiweyo, uluntu olungomthetho kunye neshishini lusungule inkqubo yokulandelela ubomi bebhetri  kunye neengcamango ezivelayo ezifana ne-passport yebhetri  kunye ne-genome yedatha yebhetri . Nangona iibhetri ezininzi ziye zasetyenziswa phambi kwezi ziphumo, kukho intsebenziswano ekhulayo yokuba ulwazi lwebhetri kufanele lufumaneke kulo lonke uchungechunge lobomi ukuze kuququzelelwe izigqibo zobomi besibini . Oku kunokwenene kwicandelo lokurisayikilisha ibhetri, isikhululo sokugqibela sobomi besibini bebhetri, njengoko ingqokelela yokurisayikilisha ingaba nzima kakhulu kwi-cathode. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zokulandelela ubomi bebhetri okanye iipassport zebhetri zenziwa zisebenze ngezixhobo zombane ezifana neebhari kunye neeteknoloji ye-near-field, ezingabonelela ngotyalo-mali olunzulu kwaye zingangqinelani kakhulu nabayili bee-bhetri abahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo zombane zisengumngeni ukuziphatha rhoqo kubomi babo bonke, okukhokelela kwizixhobo ezonakeleyo kunye nokungafumaneki kwixesha lokurisayikilisha njengoko inkqubo yanamhlanje yokuvelisa ii-LIBs ingadibananga ngokucacileyo kwimveliso ukuya ekurisayikilisheni . Ke ngoko, iinkqubela ezininzi zifuneka ngokungxamiseleyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlela okusebenzayo kwentlobo ye-cathode yebhetri kusetyenziswa kuphela ulwazi olufumaneka ngokulula , , ngokuchaseneyo nedatha yembali egciniweyo okanye ngendlela encediswa ngumntu, eququzelela ukwamkelwa kokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nenzuzo yeenkxaso eziphinde zasetyenziswa. 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Kunyaka odlulileyo, ukufunda umatshini kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekusonjululeni imibuzo evulekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo zebhetri. Kwezinye izihloko ezinxulumene neebhetri, ukufunda umatshini kusenzele ukuba sifumane ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo ezimandla zebhetri , , , ukubikezela ubomi obusulungeleyo , , , , , ukuhlola isimo sempilo , , , ukwandisa iprofayili yokujikeleza , , ukubala ukusasazwa kokusilela , nkqu nokukhokhela uyilo lwebhetri , , kwaye ubikezele ukusebenza kobomi bonke ngoko nangoko emva kokuveliswa . Kwimeko yokurisayikilisha ibhetri, imisebenzi embalwa iye yahlolisisa ukufunda umatshini malunga nezinto ze-cathode , , nto leyo enokubangela ukunqongophala kwedatha yebhetri, ngakumbi kulabo basetyenziswe kwada kwatshona. Inkolulo yezifundo ezishicilelweyo ibonisa ubukhulu obuncinci beenkampani  kwaye ibe ncinane kakhulu ekwahlukeni kwe-cathode yebhetri . Ukunqongophala kubangelwa yindleko enzima, ixesha elide lokuvavanya , kwaye okona kubalulekileyo, ubumfihlo bedatha ngenxa yeengxaki zorhwebo okanye zenzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, ingxaki yobumfihlo yenza ubunzima apho idatha ekhoyo yebhetri, nangona ibaluleke kakhulu ngobukhulu kunye nobudibano obuninzi ukusuka kumacandelo amaninzi afana nabavelisi bee-bhetri, abasebenzi bokusebenza, imibutho yophando, kunye namaqonga ezintathu, ayinakwabelwana. Ubunzima obunjalo bufuna ukufunda ukuhlela izinto ze-cathode ukuze kuphuculwe ukhetho lwengqokelela lokurisayikilisha ibhetri ngendlela esebenza kunye nenhlonipho yobumfihlo.  17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Ufunda umatshini odibeneyo, njengemodeli eguquguqukayo kunye nenkathalo yobumfihlo, unamandla okusonjulula ubudibano bamacandelo amaninzi (ngokulinganayo, ubukhulu bedatha yebhetri kunye nobudibano) kunye neengxaki zobumfihlo ngokusebenzisa ufunda umatshini olusebenzisanayo , , . Kulo lonke inqanaba lokuqeqesha, abanini bedatha abasasazekileyo benza uqeqesho lwasekuhlaleni ngamandla abo okubala, bafihle iiparameter/iziphumo zemodeli ezifunyenweyo, kwaye bazithumele kumququzeleli omkhulu ukuba zihlangatyezwane nazo. Amaqhekeza okuba iiseti zedatha ezikrwada azikaze ziphume kubanini bazo kwaye iiparameter/iziphumo ezidluliselweyo zifihliwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ubumfihlo bedatha. Ufunda umatshini odibeneyo uye waphandwa kakhulu kumazinga amaninzi okusebenza, kubandakanya impilo kawonke-wonke , , ukuxilongwa kweziphakamiso , , , i-e-commerce , i-Internet yeZinto , ubuchwepheshe beselula , kunye nenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile , , . Le ndlela ingenza inguquko kwimodeli yophando exhaswa yidatha kumasebe amandla obuninzi ngokuvumela ubudibano obuvikela ubumfihlo, ngakumbi kulabo abanofikelelo olulinganiselweyo ludatha. Malunga necandelo lokurisayikilisha ibhetri, ufunda umatshini odibeneyo unamathuba amnandi okuqhuba inani elikhulu ledatha yebhetri ekhoyo kodwa engekho yona ngenxa yeengxaki zobumfihlo. Ngale modeli edibeneyo kodwa enenkathalo yobumfihlo, ukuhlela ibhetri ezitshitshiweyo kunokwenziwa ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza, ukwenziwa kunye nokusasazeka, kuphucula umgangatho kunye nenzuzo yeenkxaso eziphinde zasetyenziswa. Ngokwazi kwethu, izifundo zokufunda umatshini odibeneyo ezijolise kwi-recycling yebhetri azikaze zibhaliswe.  38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Koluphando, senza ukuhlelwa kwezinto ze-cathode kwiibhetri ezitshitshiweyo, sisebenzisa idatha ekhoyo yebhetri evela kumacandelo amaninzi, afana nabavelisi bee-bhetri, abaqhubi bokusebenza bokwenyani, imibutho yophando lwezifundo, kunye namaqonga ezintathu, ngendlela yokufunda umatshini esebenza kunye nenhlonipho yobumfihlo njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso.  . Imfono yethu yokufunda umatshini odibeneyo yoqeqesho yasetshenziswa idatha yomjikelo omnye wokuvavanywa kwenkalo kuphela ngendlela eyenziweyo yokufumana iimpawu, ngaphandle kolwazi lwangaphambili lwemeko yokusebenza yexesha elidlulileyo. Sithabatha amandla okubikezela emfono yethu yokufunda umatshini odibeneyo ngeendlela zokufunda zasekhaya ezisekelwe kwi data yabo yobuqu phantsi kweemeko zokurisayikilisha ibhetri efanayo kunye neyahlukeneyo. Imeko yokwahluka ilungisiwe yisicombululo sethu esiphakamisiweyo sokuvota ibanga le-Wasserstein. Ukuvavanywa kwezobuchwepheshe kweebhetri ezitshitshiweyo kusetyenziswa isakhiwo sethu sokufunda umatshini odibeneyo senziwa, kugxininiswa ukubaluleka kunye nokufuneka kokuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo kweebhetri ezitshitshiweyo. Siyixoxa ngokupheleleyo inkcazo yemodeli, iziphumo zokurisayikilisha ibhetri, kunye namathuba abanzi omsebenzi wokurisayikilisha ibhetri wangoku odityaniswe nokufunda umatshini odibeneyo.  1    Imithombo yedatha eninzi, efana nabavelisi bee-bhetri (Umzekelo nge-Addionics), abasebenzi bokusebenza bokwenyani (ibhokisi lebhetri kumgangatho womnyango wemoto kaTesla. Umzekelo ngeTesla), imibutho yophando lwezifundo, kunye namaqonga ezintathu, ingaba ngabanikeli bedatha. Idatha yebhetri ayidweliswanga phakathi kwabanikezeli okanye yathunyelwa kumcoci webhetri. Endaweni yoko, abanikeli bedatha baqeqesha iimodeli zasekhaya kwaye babelane ngeeparameter zemodeli kunye nomcoci webhetri ukuze bakhe imodeli yehlabathi. Indlela yokuvota yebanga le-Wasserstein ecetyisiweyo idibanisa iimodeli zasekhaya kwimodeli yehlabathi, ezingazinziswanga kukuphazamiseka kwedatha kunye ne-noise. Abacocyi bee-bhetri bangasebenzisa imodeli edibeneyo yokuhlela ibhetri, idibene nedatha yokuvavanywa kwenkalo enokufumaneka ngokulula.   Isakhiwo sethu sokufunda umatshini odibeneyo sikhuthaza amaqabane ukuba abelane ngedatha ngelixa egcina ubumfihlo bedatha ngokuchaseneyo nemodeli yakudala yokuziqhelanisa nedatha.  a b Iziphumo Ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuqhelekisa idatha Iinkqubo zebhetri ezahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhetri zihlala ziphakame kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzichaza ngenxa yeemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ukwahluka kwemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elidlulileyo . Ukufumana isisombululo kule ngxaki, siye saqokelela kwaye saqhelisa iibhetri ezili-130 ezineentlobo ezi-5 zezinto ze-cathode ezivela kubavelisi abasi-7 ukwakha idatha engaphandle kokusasazeka, ngokulinganayo idatha eyahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elidlulileyo, ii-capacities zeebhetri ezithathiweyo zingaphantsi kwe-90% ye-capacity yazo. Ii-cathode materials zebhetri yi-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), i-lithium ferrophosphate (LFP), i-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA), kunye neentlobo ezixubileyo ze-NMC-LCO, eziquququzelelweyo zibe ngamaqela asi-9 ngokusekelwe kubavelisi (Ithebula leNkxaso ). Siyibandakanye ngabom iibhetri ezineemeko zokusebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuvavanyo lwelebhu ukuya kwiiprofayili zokuhamba ngezithuthi zombane, ukuqeqesha imodeli ebanzi kumcoci webhetri ezimeleyo kwiimeko zokusebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo kunye neentlobo zebhetri.  52 1 Ngokulinganisa, yonke idatha efunekayo kumcoci ngumjikelo ongoku (uvavanyo lwenkundla) onejikelezo elinye lokutshaja nokukhutshwa, ekulula ukulisebenzisa kwizimo zokwenyani. Idatha efumanekayo ivala kuqala ngokugcwalisa iziphumo ezingekho, ukutshintsha i-outliers, kunye nokwenza ukuhluza kwe-median. Izwi elingenziwa ngumntu kunye nelibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwe-cathode liyagcinwa ngabom, nangona kunjalo, ukwenza imodeli izinzile kwiifutshane ezingaphelelanga. Idatha ngoku idweliswe ngokulinganayo ukugcwalisa imigca (Iphepha Lomfanekiso ) kwaye yenza iimpawu zokunciphisa ubungakanani, kunye nezona zithile zokulinganisa ezibonelelweyo (Iphondo leNkxaso ). Iimpawu ezisuswe kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ziyakwazi ukuchazwa, ingxaki enomdla omkhulu wezorhwebo. Ngokwazi kwethu, yindlela yokuqala ukuba idatha yebhetri eyahlukeneyo esuka kumithombo eninzi kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elidlulileyo isetyenziswe ukuncedisa uyilo lwesicwangciso sokurisayikilisha ibhetri.  1 1 Umzekelo  a, b ibonisa inkqubo yokwenza iimpawu. Sigxile kumgca wokutshaja nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ezitshitshiweyo kumjikelo wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, umjikelo omnye wokutshaja nomnye wokukhutshwa (Iiphepha zeNkxaso – ). Kumjikelo wokutshaja, iimpawu ezili-15 zisuswa kumzobo wobushushu-capacity kunye ne-dQ/dV, apho i-V kunye ne-Q zibhekisela kwixabiso lobushushu kunye ne-capacity, ngokulandelelanayo. Ifanitshala efanayo isuswa kumjikelo wokukhutshwa. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ezingama-30 zisuswa ngoku, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-F1 ukuya kwi-F30. Jonga kwiThebula leNkxaso  kunye ne 2 2 5 2

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