Ukwakha i-containers yethu, kodwa ngoko ke? Ngoko ke, uye udinga ukufumana ukuvelisa i-containers yakho yayo, kodwa uye kwelanga le-tutorial yaye akukho nto ilungileyo. Okwangoku ixesha ukuhanjiswa kwe-app yakho kwaye kufuneka ufumane kunye nokuvelisa inqubo. Ukwakha i-containers yakho inikezela ukuhanjiswa kwi-cloud yakho okanye kwi-anymore ye-apps yakho ukuba zithunyelwe. Okanye mhlawumbi uye umntu owaziwa "Ndinga nge-docker" kwaye uqhagamshelane kakhulu kwi-SaaS, i-BaaS yeentloko ukutshala i-apps yakho ngenxa yenu, kunjalo, amaxabiso zangaphakathi. Kwaye ziyafumaneka! Ndingathanda ukucacisa indlela yam yokwakha i-containers kunye nokuthunyelwa kwimvavanyo yam ukuze awukwazi ukufundisa indlela enzima. Yintoni ndingathanda Kwi-2010, i-containers yaziwa 'Docker containers'. Zininzi. Njengoko ku-internet search, sinokuthi 'Google' ibizwa ngokuba search. Kwakhona, i-containers ilawulwa igama le nkampani ebonakalayo ngexesha. Ndingathanda kwaye ndingathanda ukufumana le ubuchwepheshe olutsha. I-Containers ayikho into olutsha, i-Linux Containers, i-LXC ngexesha elide, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi ezidlulileyo. I-Containers ye-Docker ibonelela ukubonelela, ukuguqulwa kwimeko ye-arguments ye-"it works on my laptop". Ndingathanda kwaye usebenzise i-Unix ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-90 kwaye ke i-Linux iye yaba i-substitute ye-Unix emzimbeni yabantu. Ndingathanda ukuba ukufumana i-Unix kunye neendlela yokufaka kunye nokuhamba kufuneka yinto yokufunda isiseko yokwakha i-containers. Ngoko ke ukuba unemibuzo ye-containers, ngoko ke ukuqhuba ne-containers ayikho kwakhona. Iindaba elungileyo yinto ukuba ungenza ukuba uqhagamshelane Linux ukusuka Scratch, Gentoo, Arch okanye NixOS ukufumana i-containers. Kwixesha elinye, ezi izinto ziya kukunceda. Ukusabela ukufundisa yonke into ngexesha elinye, kunjalo, kunokukhathaza kunye nokugqithisa. Ngoko ke ndithanda ukufumana lula ukuqala. Nceda uqhagamshelane neengxaki zangaphakathi. Ngoku ndingathanda kwi-3 iingxaki ze-containers: 
 
 
 
 Ukufinyelela Point Ukulawula inqubo Iimifanekiso base Kwiimifanekiso base, siya kuxhomekeke 3 iingcango eziphambili 
 
 
 
 Ukusuka Ukucinga Umdlali Kuba zonke iinkcukacha kule nqaku, uya kufumana, Ngathi (Ukuveliswa kwe-CMS) download and run it all from a development branch on Codeberg Ukucaciswa kwihlabathi i-a lightweight, headless Content Management System Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana i-akhawunti yam check for a development branch. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba yinkonzo Ingxoxo if not Njengoko i-project ufikelele kwi-stable state. Dockerfile dev main I-1: I-Entry Point yeContainer. I-1: I-Entry Point yeContainer. Ndicinga ukuba i-Entry Point iyisiseko yokufunda i-containers. ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/tini", "--", "/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord", "-n", "-c", "/etc/supervisord.conf"]
 Ndingathanda kwi emva ukuze ukucacisa into efanelekileyo kwiminyaka embalwa. CMD ENTRYPOINT Umgangatho wokufika njengomgangatho we-hook. It is a name when the container starts up and it is often used, as it is here, to run the starting process for the container. Kwi-Unix, kukho inkqubo eyodwa esuka kwaye apho zonke iinkqubo ezininzi ziqhutywa. Ungathanda ukuba 'i-process eyodwa yokulawula bonke'. I-responsibility yayo kuyinto inkqubo yokuqala, ye-marshalling, apho inkqubo ye-operating system ephelele. Kule isibonelo, sisebenzisa i-Marshalling. leyo yinkqubo elula esetyenziswa kwi-containers ngokuvamile ukwenza oku ngempumelelo. tini Ukusuka I-script ebonakalayo iingxaki kunye neengxaki ezidlulileyo kwi-application start. In this use case, should this step be missed, there would need to be manual intervention to: Ukucinga entrypoint.sh 
 
 
 
 Ukuhambisa I-Clear Cache Ukusebenzisa i-Configuration Ukubonisa iingxaki Ukusuka CMD ENTRYPOINT Ukuba awukwazi ukucacisa indawo yokufaka, siya kufuneka ubhalise Ngathi ke uya kuba 'ukudlulisa' kwi-container start up. Ngoko ke uya kuba i- 'default' entry point. CMD CMD Xa ukhangela kwiingxowa ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha uya kuba nje umyalelo kunye nayiphi na enye kwaye oku kuhle. Kwiimeko ezininzi uya kufumana zombini. Ndifumene le ngempumelelo njengoko iiyunithi ezininzi zixhomekeke kuphela , ngoko ndibandakanya le pattern engabonakali kakhulu ukuze awukwazi ukufumana inkinga elifanayo. CMD CMD Kwakhona kukho izinto ezininzi ezivela ngexesha elandelayo nge-example ye-2 lines kuphela. The I-Line Inikeza iifayile ye-configuration. Le ngqimba elinye le-configuration yaye kulungileyo ukuba banxibe, i-complexity. CMD supervisord is a tool that has been around for a while and is used to keep processes running in a sort of 'stack' or 'configuration'. Iifayile ye-configuration for this 'stack' looks something like this : Umlawuli [supervisord]
nodaemon=true
loglevel=info

[program:php-fpm]
command=/usr/local/sbin/php-fpm -F
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startretries=3
stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0

[program:nginx]
command=/usr/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startretries=3
stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0

[program:queue-worker]
command=/usr/local/bin/php /var/www/artisan queue:work --sleep=3 --tries=3 --max-time=3600
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startretries=3
stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
 I-configuration ephakamileyo isebenze iiprogram ye-3 njengoko 'iinkonzo'. Ungayifunda Njengomdla we-"Service Manager". Izixhobo zonke iiprograms ukuqala ngokuzenzakalelayo kwaye uyakwazi ukuqala kwakhona iiprograms ezininzi ukuba ziyafumaneka. supervisord  I-Logs yi-echo'ed ukuba i-standard-out. Le yinkonzo kwi-containers land kunye ne-practice eyenziwa - oku ukuze iinkqubo ezininzi ziyafumaneka ngempumelelo kwaye zihlanganisa i-logs evela kumaziko zakho zonke kwindawo eyodwa. I-Process Management: I-elephant kwi-room Ah, ndingathanda ezinye abadlali zeentlanga zeengcali zeengcali zixhomekeke, ungenza umdla wokugqibela ukuba awukwazi ukufumana i-container ye-1 ngalinye. Oku kufuneka ifakwe kwi-minimum ye-3 containers! Kwaye uya kuba ngokwenene. Nangona unayo i-Google okanye ubungakanani efanayo kodwa ayikho. Njengomdlali we-solo / umncedisi ndiyabakhokela ukugcina izicathulo ezizodwa. Ukuba ndiyabakhokela i-container ye-app yam eyenza izinto ezimbini ngaphandle kwe-Laravel ukuba zihambe, ndiyabakhokela iindleko zokusebenza zayo ngokwenene ne-container e-multi-function. Kwi-containers eyodwa, zonke iiproces zithunyelwe kwiiprocesses ezininzi zokusebenza. I-web server, umzekelo, unxibelelwano olupheleleyo kwi-PHP Laravel applications, i-relative file systems, i-environment variables kunye ne-process ids. Ukuba zonke iiprogram zihlanganisa kwi-3 containers, yonke into kufuneka ithathwe i-cloud extra, i-shared file systems, iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso zokusetyenziswa, ukhangela ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi kunokufumaneka ngempumelelo ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zethu zihlanganisa kwaye 'ukwandisa' containers zethu. Zonke izinketho ezongezelelweyo ziyafumaneka xa ixesha ukwandisa i-app kwaye emva kokuba unayo iinkcukacha zokuqala ze-50. Zonke izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo emva. Kwixesha elide, ngexesha elide, ndingathanda ne-"i-fat container". Xa ixesha, ndiyabakhokela ngempumelelo ngamnye iinkqubo ezahlukileyo, iinkcukacha zeenkcukacha, iinkcukacha njl, njengoko siqhathanisa kwi-Google okanye i-Netflix. Kwixesha elide, ndiyabakhokela imali, ukugcina i-team yam ukuya kwi-1 okanye i-2 iinjineli yokusebenza i-stack engaphezulu kunye nokuthumela iindleko zokusebenza ezincinane kubathengi. 3. Umbala weBase Iifoto ze-container base ziyafumaneka kwiifomati ezininzi kunye neengxaki ezininzi. Inokwenzeka ukuvelisa iifoto ezivela kwi"ifoto ezivela" kunye neengxaki ezininzi kwi-file system. Kwakhona akuyona iifoto ezininzi ezivela kwiifoto ezivela kwiifomati ezivela kwi-Linux ezifana ne-Debian okanye i-RedHat. Ukubuyekezwa kwi-A Head Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Alpine OS image: FROM Dockerfile FROM php:8.4-fpm-alpine3.23 
 Le php alpine umfanekiso unayo izixhobo zokusetyenziswa php. I usebenzisa Alpine njengoko oku kuthatha indawo engaphansi kunokuba nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza ezifana Ubuntu, Debian, Rocky okanye Fedora. Alpine unayo inkqubo yokulawula iipakethi eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba . Oku kubahlukana kwi-commonly known okanye Ukusetyenziswa yi-Debian okanye i-Fedora, kodwa akukho ukutya njengoko ungenza ukucacisa i-syntax ingxaki emizuzu emininzi nge-AI efanelekileyo. apk apt dnf Ukwakhiwa kwezicelo kunye ne-image efanayo nezidingo zakho zokusetyenziswa kunokwenzeka kunokuba kunokuba kunokuba kunokwenzeka. Ndiza ukwakha i-app ye-Laravel, ngoko nge-PHP-fpm mna zonke izixhobo eziphambili ezininzi ezininzi ezininzi. Nangona umfanekiso wokufunda, sinokufunda iipakethe ezongezelelweyo, isebenze iingcebiso ze-shell ezincinane kunye nokukhetha umboniso ukuba isebenze i-containers njenge. I-default kunye neengcebiso ezininzi ingaba i-user 'root' elungileyo yokhuseleko ukuba sinokufumaneka. Nqakraza ke iindidi ezine ze-3 ezaziwayo ezisetyenziswa kwiifoto ze-base ukucacisa kunye nokwandisa i-container yokuhamba kunye nokuthumela i-application yethu: 
 
 
 
 Ukusuka Ukucinga Umdlali Ukusuka RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache \
    zip \
    vim \
    unzip \
    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
 Yintoni isicelo ifakwe kwiiyure eziliqela ezininzi ukusetyenziswa ukufumana iinkcukacha zokugqithisa ukucacisa. I-Install 3 iipakheji emva kokufumana iipakheji ezidlulileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye emva kokufaka, ivula i-cache yayo ukucacisa indawo. RUN \ Ngaba unako ukufumana umsebenzi eningi ekwenzeni a Ukusetyenziswa iimveliso Dockerfile Run Njengoko ungazi, kunokwenzeka ukuxhaswa izicelo ezininzi kwi-one command. block. Njengoko zonke i-code block kwi-a imiphumo 'layer' yenza kuqala kwi umfanekiso lokugqibela, unako ukunciphisa inani layers ngokuxhomekeka iibhodi xa kunokwenzeka. RUN Dockerfile Ukucinga COPY cmd/docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
 Yintoni Umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo umzekelo. COPY Oku kuthatha i-input-point script etholakalayo ngexesha elidlulileyo kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yayo yokuzonwabisa lokugqibela kwi-container. Izixhobo ezininzi zihlanganisa iindidi ezininzi kunye neendlela ezininzi COPY . .
 leyo kuya kubhalwe inkxaso lwabasebenzi epheleleyo apho ibekwe kwi-containers. It is common to combine this with a ifayile, efana ne-a ifayile xa usebenzisa git source control. Dockerfile .dckerignore .gitignre Umdlali USER www
 Okugqibela, i-3 yeempawu zethu eziphambili ifayibha i-container ukuba isebenze njenge-user eyahlukileyo kwi-root. Ndingathanda ukuvelisa iifayile kunye ne-directors apho umdlali uye unayo ukufikelela kakuhle kwaye apho kufuneka uqhagamshelane. USER Dockerfile Yiba for more and also, i-build script Yintoni iye yenza into efanelekileyo. ikhowudi Working cmd/build_prod_container.sh Ukuphakamisa Xa ngexesha lokubhala, i ezisetyenziselwa isicelo yami Laravel yenzelwe ukuba 'i-fat' - ukuba iiprogram ezininzi zokusebenza kwi-containers elinye kwaye ilawulwa ngu-supervisor. Dockerfile Oku kungenziwa, kwaye iya kubandakanya ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezicelo zokusetyenziswa. Ndingathanda ukuba uyakwazi ukubona ukuba i-containers eyodwa inokukwazi ukwenza kakhulu kwaye ukuvelisa isicelo sewebhu ye-typical kunokwenzeka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibonakalayo. Ukuba usebenzisa i-supervisord, isicelo sePython, ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ubungakanani umfanekiso kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza. A ingaba usebenzisa indawo yayo. Alternative ingaba , i-suite ye-c-applications eyenziwe kwi-containers. Izixhobo zeGolang Port I-S6 I-Overlay I-image eyenziwe ngu-Dockerfile kwi-application yam share-lt ikakhulu kakhulu - ngoku ngaphezu kwe-900MB kwaye ndiyakwazi ukunciphisa oku kwiiprojekthi efana ne: 
 
 
 
 Ukuphucula i-layers ngaphakathi kwe-Dockerfile (ngokusetyenziswa kwe-RUN statements Ukuguqulwa kwezicelo ze-python efana ne-superviosrd nge-options eyenziwe Ukusebenzisa i-builds ezininzi-stage kwi-Dockerfile - ukunciphisa inani le-build tools kwi-image yokugqibela Kwakhona i-application share-lt iye kwi-state engaphezulu kunokuba iintsuku eziliqela ezidlulileyo kwaye ndiya kubandakanya iimpawu kunye ne-tune xa ndiya kwakhona. Njengoko nqakraza yam ezidlulileyo, le nqakraza yenzelwe usebenzisa isicelo efanayo kwaye ngoku isebenza kwi-containers deployment eyenziwe ngexesha elandelayo. Ukuthetha malunga neengxaki, le container ingasetyenziswa usebenzisa i-docker, i-podman, i-swarm kodwa ngokufanelekileyo kubernetes kwaye ngoko, ndiyabakhokela kwaye uya kubhalwe ngaphezulu malunga nenkcazelo zayo kwiiposi zangaphambili. I-minimal viable kubernetes yam Nceda ufunde Yintoni malunga nawe ? Uyaqala indlela yakho ukuba i-containers nirvana okanye uye undecided ? Uya kwakhona umlawuli we-containers zonke izinto kwaye unayo iingcebiso ezininzi kunye neengcebiso ekubeni? Qhagamshelana nathi - Qhagamshelana nathi Ndingathanda ukuba oku kukunceda ukufikelela kwinqanaba kwi-containers-based deployments eyenza ixesha, inxaxheba kunye nemali kwinkqubo. Ukucinga

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I-Why I Started Building My Own Containers (and What I Wish Tutorials Told Me)

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