
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abagcini: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shengyu Tao Ruifei Ma Zixi Zhao Guangyuan Ma Lin Su Heng Chang Yuou Chen Haizhou Liu Zheng Liang Tingwei Cao Haocheng Ji Zhiyuan Han Minyan Lu Huixiong Yang Zongguo Wen Jianhua Yao Rong Yu Guodan Wei Yang Li Xuan Zhang Tingyang Xu Guangmin Zhou Isishwankathelo Uhlolo olukhawulezileyo noluchanekileyo lwesimo sempilo (SOH) seenqanawa zebhetri ezikhutshiweyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezixhaswa yidatha zifuna ukucocwa kwedatha ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingacwangciswanga ze-SOH kunye ne-state of charge (SOC). Apha, sibonisa ukuba ukubalwa kwe-SOH okuxhaswa kukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili kunokubonelela ngesisombululo kwiziphumo zokuswela idatha kunye neengxaki zobungakanani, okuqinisekiswe ngedatha yokutofa ipulisi yeenqanawa zebhetri ezikhutshiweyo ezingama-2700, ezibandakanya iintlobo ezi-3 zezinto eziphambili, iifomathi ezi-3 zomzimba, uyilo olunobungakanani obu-4, kunye nemisebenzi eyi-4 yembali kunye namazinga ali-10 e-SOC. Kusetyenziswa idatha evelisiweyo, isihlohlisi sikwazi ukubala i-SOH ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neempazamo eziphakathi kwama-6% phantsi kwe-SOC engaziwayo. Sicinga ukuba ukuba ubuninzi bokubonelelwa kobuchwepheshe obusungulwayo, oku kungagcina i-USD yeebhiliyoni eziyi-4.9 kwiindleko zombane kunye neebhiliyoni ezingama-35.8 zegrem ye-CO2 ezikhutshiweyo ngokunciphisa iindleko zokucocwa kwedatha kwisimo sehlabathi sokurhoxa kwebhetri yowama-2030. Eli phepha libalisa ukusetyenziswa kwedatha elinganiselweyo ukuze kufundwe indawo yedatha eyandisiweyo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvelisa, njengoko idatha ingathatha ixesha, ibize kwaye ingcolise ukuyifumana kwiimfuno ezininzi zokubalwa kunye neziprofeti.  Isingeniso Ukufakwa kombane kwezothutho, icandelo elibalulekileyo kwiinguquko zamandla ezinekhabhoni encinci , sele liguqule iparadigma yezothutho esekwe kwifuels yefosili ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zibalulekile kule nguquko ngokubonelela ngezixhobo zamandla ezifikelelekayo, ezomeleleyo, nezikhuselekileyo kwiimoto zombane (EVs) , . Umthamo opheleleyo weebhetri ze-EV ezisetyenziswa ngoku kunye nezo ziphelileyo uza kudlula kwi-32–62 ye-terawatts ngo-2050, ngokuphawulekayo ngaphezu kokubalwa kwi-International Renewable Energy Agency kunye ne-Storage Lab scenarios . Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-EV ezikhutshiweyo zilawulwa kakhulu ngomthamo osaseleyo omkhulu ongakhange usetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-80% yomthamo obaluliweyo , . Ukuba aziphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuphumela kwiingxaki zemali  kubaabavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi, kunye neengxaki ezizayo zendalo kunye nezoluntu , kubandakanya ukuchitha izixhobo, iingozi zokubonelela ngezinto, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni , , . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Iindibano eziphumelelayo zokujongana neenkxalazo malunga nokwanda okungaguquguqukiyo kokurhoxa kwebhetri yile nto zisetyenziswa kwakhona , ,  kunye nokurisayikilisha . Ekusetyenziseni kwakhona, iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwiinkonzo ezifana neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezixhunywe kwinethiwekhi , izixhobo zamandla zasekhaya , kunye neenqanawe ezihamba kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kufuna ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kokungaguquguquki , ukuhlelwa komthamo , kunye nokuphinda ubuyekete ,  ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo . Ngaphandle kokuqaliswa kwezicwangciso zovavanyo , , , ukungabikho kwemigangatho engqongqo yeendlela zokusebenzisa kunye neendlela zokurhoxa kuphazamisa ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo komthamo osaseleyo . Ukurisayikilisha ngokwezinye izindlela kusebenzisa amaxabiso aselwayo eebhetri ezikhutshiweyo ngokukhutshwa kwezinto okanye ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo , , ifanelekile kwiibhetri ezikhutshiweyo ezonakaliswe ngokusisigxina. Kuthelekiswa ne-pyrometallurgy kunye ne-hydrometallurgy , , ukurisayikilisha ngqo kubonisa inzuzo ephezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuncitshisiweyo , , . Ukusebenzisa ukongezwa kwelithiyamu kunye nokugqiba izinto eziphambili, ukurisayikilisha ngqo kufezekisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezinto, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwenkqubo . Nangona kunjalo, isimo sempilo (SOH) sichaza i-reagent yebalulekileyo kunye ne-dosages yokongezwa kwelithiyamu elindelekileyo kwiifomathi zesicwangciso sokurisayikilisha ngqo , , . Ukungabikho kwe-dosage kungakhokelela ekulungisweni okungapheleleyo, ngelixa i-dosage egqithisileyo ingakhokelela ekudalweni kwe-alkali esele ikho kumgangatho we-cathode, eyonakalisa ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo , . Ngokudabukisayo, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH kufuna ukuchazwa kwezinto ezihlaselayo ,  kunye neevavanyo ezinde zokulinganisa umthamo, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH okungahlaseli, okukhawulezileyo, nokuzinzileyo kuhlala kuyingxaki ebalulekileyo. 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 27 35 36 37 Ukukhusela ulwazi olungaguquguqukiyo lwe-SOH, iibhetri ze-EV ziyagcinwa, kwaye idatha yokusebenza iirekhodwa ngamaqonga efu  kunye neepasipoti zebhetri . IPhalamente yaseYurophu yamkele i-Batteries Directive ngoJuni 14, 2023, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo zinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwakhona, zilungiswe, okanye zirisayikiliswe ekupheleni kobomi benkonzo . Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kunye nokurekhoda efunekayo ifumaneka kuphela kwinqanaba lenkonzo ye-EV, iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo azisaxhunyiwe kwi-yunithi yokubeka iliso ngaphakathi kwimoto. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukufumana idatha ye-SOH efumaneka kwisayithi. Ukuthembeka kwedatha yobomi kuhlala kuyingxaki enkulu, ifuna ukubalwa kwe-SOH kusetyenziswa kuphela idatha yesayithi, ngokungafaniyo nedatha yembali okanye phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo , , . Isinye isisombululo kukwenza uvavanyo lokulinganisa umthamo kwisayithi lokuxhoma ibhetri, oko kukuthi, ukulungiswa kwe-state of charge (SOC), oku kulula, nangona kunjalo, kufuna ixesha elingekho mali kunye neendleko zombane ezingaphezulu. Uvavanyo lomlinganiselo womlinganiselo wombane ophezulu (hybrid pulse power characterization test) luyindlela enye yokubalwa kwe-SOH ngokutofa ipulisi, kodwa inkqubo epheleleyo ithatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12. U-Tao nabanye basebenzise iipulisi ezimfutshane zokubalwa kwe-SOH kwiibhetri ezikhutshiweyo, becinga ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-SOC ukuya kwi-5% kwe-SOC kwenziwa, nto leyo ebengahambelani neemeko zokurhoxa ezingafaniyo ze-SOC . Ukuqhubela phambili okutsha kwiimilinganiselo ezisekelwe kwisenssori kubandakanya ukubonisa nge-X-ray , imiphumo ye-electrochemical impedance , , ukubona i-optical fiber , , ukubona ngomsindo , , ukutshaja ngokuyinxenye , , kunye nokutofa ipulisi , . Iindlela ezisekelwe kwisebsor zikwinqanaba lelebhu ngenxa yokuhlasela, ngelixa ukutofa ipulisi kubonisa ukuqhawuka kokonakala kwebhetri ngaphandle kokulimala komzimba, ngexesha elifanayo ngokukhawuleza kuneendlela zokutshaja ngokuyinxenye kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwi-impedance ye-electrochemical , , , , , . Nangona kunjalo, ukutofa ipulisi yindlela egxile kwidatha enokwenzeka kuphela phantsi kokucinga okugqibeleleyo ukuba idatha elinganiswe ngokwasemzimbeni ibandakanya iimeko zokurhoxa zenqanaba lokubonelelwa kwemodeli, eyaziwa ngokuba yingxaki eqhelekileyo yokufuduswa kwedome kwiindibano zoluntu. Ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili kwiindibano zokufunda zothutho kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwedome , , , iingxaki zihlala zikhona njengoko idome ekujoliswe kuyo isafuna ulwazi lwangaphambili xa ibonelelwe, kwaye iindibano zokufunda ezikhoyo zinokuhlaziywa kancinci kwiimeko zokurhoxa ezingafaniyo . Indlela enye yile yokwandisa ubungakanani bovavanyo lwedatha phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingafundwanga ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuswela idatha kunye nobubububububi ngelixa kungakhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu. U-Wang nabanye bacele indlela yokugrumba ubushushu ukuhambisa izinto zokugcina i-kinetic ye-reaction kubushushu obuhlukeneyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-thermochemical, bavumela ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezipheleleyo zoqeqesho ngobungakanani be-experimental ye-thermochemistry kunye neendleko njengoko ukongezwa kwedatha koqeqesho lwemodeli ye-machine learning . Ngaphandle koko, ukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili kubonise izinto ezinokwenzeka zokubala i-SOH ngedatha eyongeziweyo evela kwiiprofayili ezizotywe kancinci, kugcinwa idatha efunekayo evavanywe ngokwasemzimbeni , . Nangona kunjalo, ukuswela idatha kunye nobububububi kwiimeko zokubuyisela kunye nokurisayikilisha ibhetri kubuchwepheshe kakhulu ngenxa yomxube weentlobo zezinto eziphambili, iifomathi zomzimba, uyilo olunobungakanani, kunye nemisebenzi yembali, ukunciphisa ukudibanisa okubonakalayo kolwazi olukhethekileyo lokuqhaqha kwiimodeli ze-machine learning. Ngoko ke, kufanelekile ukucinga ngobudlelwane phakathi kweemeko zokurhoxa kunye neempendulo zomhlahlandlela zomhlahlandlela wokubala idatha, kungabikho ixesha elide lokulinganisa umthamo kunye novavanyo olongezelelekileyo lwasemzimbeni ngaxeshanye, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokubala kwe-SOH. 38 24 39 30 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 17 41 17 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Kolu phando, senza i-pretreatment yebhetri ekutsalelwayo, oko kukuthi, ukubalwa kwe-SOH, kusetyenziswa idatha yokuphendula yomhlahlandlela womhlahlandlela efumaneka yi-attentional variational autoencoder ngexesha elongelelweyo kunye neendleko zokulinganisa ngokwasemzimbeni. Inkqubo yenqanaba eliphezulu yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili, uqeqesho lwemodeli yokubala, kunye neendlela zokubonelelwa kwemodeli ezisebenzayo ziboniswa kuMfanekiso.  . Ingcamango yophando kukusebenzisa ukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili ukuhlola idatha esele ilinganiswe ukuze kufundwe iimpendulo zokutofa kwemiphumo yomhlahlandlela kwiimeko zokurhoxa eziqhubekayo, oko kukuthi, ukusasazwa kwe-SOC kwinqanaba lokuxhoma ibhetri ekutsalelwayo. Ukubala kwe-SOH ezantsi kufezekiswa ngaphandle kwedatha yokuphendula yomhlahlandlela elinganiswe ngokwasemzimbeni, kugcinwa iindleko zombane zokulungisa kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okufuneka kuthunyelwe ekulungiseni i-SOC ukuya kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo. Kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-ampere-hour integral kunye nokutofa ipulisi ye-machine-learning, ukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili kugxininisa isantya sokubala esikhawulezileyo kunye nokubalwa okuchanekileyo. Ngedatha evelisiweyo, isihlohlisi esilula siyakwazi ukubala i-SOH ngokungalunganga okuncinci phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingaziwayo okanye ezingafikelelekiyo kwisisekelo sedatha, ingxaki eyinqabileyo yomdibaniso wedatha (OOD). Ingxaki ye-OOD isonjululwe ngokufunda ubudlelwane obusungulwe phakathi kwemeko ye-SOC kunye nempendulo yomhlahlandlela ebalulwe kukutofa kwangoko. Sibonisa ukubaluleka kwendlela yethu ngokugqitywa ngokuvavanywa ngeenzani ezingama-2700 ezilinganiswe ngokwasemzimbeni, ezibandakanya iintlobo ezi-3 zezinto eziphambili, iifomathi zomzimba ezi-3, uyilo olunobungakanani obu-4, kunye nemisebenzi yembali emi-4 (i-1 laboratory accelerated aging, i-3 EV driving, kubandakanya i-1 pure electrified power-train mode kunye ne-2 hybrid power-train modes). Ukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili kufanelekile kwi-interpolation kunye ne-extrapolation ngokudibanisa ulwazi olungaphambili lweemeko zokurhoxa kwiindawo eziphantsi zesikali sendlela, kugcinwa ixesha lokulinganisa, iindleko zombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuzayo ngelixa kungonakalisi ukuchaneka kokubala kwe-SOH. Isifundo sehlabathi esingaqhubekiyo sesimo sehlabathi sokurhoxa kwebhetri ngo-2030 sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokubala kwe-SOH okukhawulezileyo nokuzinzileyo kwiimeko ze-pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, kunye nokurisayikilisha ngqo. Ngovavanyo lobuchwepheshe-emali, ukubala kwe-SOH okuxhaswa kukufunda okubangela inkqubela phambili kungagcina i-4.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiindleko zombane kunye neebhiliyoni ezingama-35.8 zegrem ze-CO2 ezikhutshiweyo ngo-2030. Siyixubusha inkcazo yomzekelo, iziphumo zokulungiswa kwakhona kwebhetri, kunye neengongoma ezibanzi zezikhokelo zokulungiswa kwakhona kwe-smart recycling ezizayo ezidibene ne-machine learning. 1    Iinkqubo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwebhetri ekutsalelwayo zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, imilinganiselo yomzimba, i-machine learning yokuxilonga i-SOH, kunye nenkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zolwelo lwesibini phambi kokusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayikilisha. Ukulungiswa kwe-SOC kuthetha ukuhlengahlengisa amanqanaba e-SOC eebhetri ezikhutshiweyo kumanqanaba afunekayo kusetyenziswa indlela yemveli yomthamo oqhelekileyo wombane wombane (CCCV).   Umzobo we-attentional variational autoencoder wokubala idatha yokuphendula yomhlahlandlela womhlahlandlela.   >Ukusetyenziswa okufezekileyo kwemodeli yokubala idatha yokubala i-SOH akufuni ukulungiswa kwe-SOC eyongezelelweyo. Imowudi yomothukelo womothukelo ifundiswe yimowudi yokubala idatha kwaye ifumana iimpendulo zomhlahlandlela zomhlahlandlela ezikhawulezileyo xa ikwinqanaba lokubonelelwa.   Iingenelo zemali kunye nezemvelo kunye nesantya esikhawulezileyo sokubala kwendlela yethu yokufunda ekubangela inkqubela phambili ngokugcina iindleko zokulungisa i-SOC kwisimo sehlabathi sokurhoxa kwebhetri sowama-2030. a b c d Iziphumo Ukufunyanwa kwedatha Ukuswela idatha kunye nobububububi ziingxaki eziphambili kwiinkqu

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