
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abagcini: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shengyu Tao Ruifei Ma Zixi Zhao Guangyuan Ma Lin Su Heng Chang Yuou Chen Haizhou Liu Zheng Liang Tingwei Cao Haocheng Ji Zhiyuan Han Minyan Lu Huixiong Yang Zongguo Wen Jianhua Yao Rong Yu Guodan Wei Yang Li Xuan Zhang Tingyang Xu Guangmin Zhou Isishwankathelo Ukumisela ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo isimo sempilo (SOH) sebhetri ekwakhutshiweyo yinto ebalulekileyo yokulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezixhaswa yidatha zifuna ukulungiswa kwedatha ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingahleliyo ze-SOH kunye ne-state of charge (SOC). Apha, sibonisa ukuba ukumisela i-SOH exhaswa kukufunda ngokudala kunokuba nethemba ekunciphiseni imingeni yokunqongophala kwedatha kunye nobungahlukeneyo, kuqinisekiswe ngedatha yokutshiza iinjini ezingama-2700 ezikhutshiweyo iibhetri zelithium-ion, ezibandakanya iintlobo ezi-3 zemateriali yekathodi, iifomati ezi-3 zomzimba, uyilo lwezakhono ezi-4, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembali okungama-4 kunye neenqanaba le-SOC eli-10. Ukusebenzisa idatha eyenziweyo, i-regressor iyazalisekisa ukumisela i-SOH ngokuchanekileyo, kunye ne-mean absolute percentage errors ngaphantsi kwe-6% phantsi kwe-SOC engaziwayo. Siyakubika ukuba ukuba sibeka ukusetyenziswa okufanayo kobuchule obucetyisiweyo, oku kuya konga i-4.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngeendleko zombane kunye ne-35.8 yeebhiliyoni yee-kg ze-CO2 emisiweyo ngokunciphisa iindleko zokulungiswa kwedatha kwisimo sehlabathi sokurhoxa kwebhetri sango-2030. Eli phepha ligqamisa ukusetyenziswa kwedatha enemida ukuhlola indawo enkulu yedatha kusetyenziswa iindlela zokudala, ngenxa yokuba idatha ingathatha ixesha elide, ibe yindleko, kwaye ingcolise ukuyifumana kwiimikhomputha ezininzi zokumisela kunye nezinobuchule.  Intshayelelo Ukuthuthwa kombane, icandelo elibalulekileyo kwinguquko yamandla aphantsi ekharboni , sele iluguqule ngokungenakuthelekiswa nemodeli yezothutho esekwe kumafutha ezimbiwa phantsi. Iibhetri zelithium-ion zibalulekile kule nguguquko ngokubonelela ngezixhobo zamandla ezifikelelekayo, ezihlala ixesha elide, nezikhuselekileyo kwiimoto zombane (EVs) , . Ubungakanani bebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezikhutshiweyo ze-EV budlula i-32–62 tera-watts ngo-2050, bungaphezulu kunokuba kwakuchaziwe kwiimeko ze-International Renewable Energy Agency kunye ne-Storage Lab . Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-EV ezikhutshiweyo zilawulwa ngokuqinileyo kunye nexabiso elikhulu lemali esele likhona elingasetyenziswanga kakuhle, ngokomyinge lidlula i-80% yesakhono esilinganisiweyo , . Ukuba aziphathwa kakuhle, kukhokelela kwiindleko zemali  kwabenzi kunye nabasebenzisi, kunye neengxaki ezilandelayo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo , kubandakanywa ukuchitha izixhobo, imingcipheko ye-supply chain, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon , , . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Iindlela ezinokubakho zokujongana neenkxalabo malunga nokonyuka okungazinzanga kokurhoxa kwebhetri kukusetyenziswa kwakhona , ,  kunye nokurisayikilisha . Ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona, iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo zibuyiselwa kwizicelo ezifana neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezixhunyiweyo kwinethi , izixhobo zamandla zokuhlala , kunye neenqwelo-moya ezihamba kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kufuna izinyathelo zokulungiselela zangaphambili, kubandakanywa ukuhlolwa kokungaguquguquki , ukuhlelwa kwesakhono , kunye nokudityaniswa kwakhona ,  ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo . Ngaphandle kokuqala kwezicwangciso zovavanyo , , , ukungabikho kwemigangatho engqongqo yezicelo zokusetyenziswa kunye neendlela zokurhoxa kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwesakhono esishiyekileyo . Ukurisayikilisha kusebenzisa ngokuchaseneyo amaxabiso ashilweyo eebhetri ezikhutshiweyo ngokuthathwa kwezinto okanye ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo , , ifanelekile kwiibhetri ezikhutshiweyo ezonakaliswe ngokungekabuyeleki. Kuthelekiswa ne-pyrometallurgy kunye ne-hydrometallurgy , , ukurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo kugqame kwiinzuzo eziphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon okuphantsi , , . Ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwelithium kunye nokulungiswa kwemateriali yekathodi, ukurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo kufezekisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo semateriali ngokusebenzayo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kokusebenza . Nangona kunjalo, isimo sempilo (SOH) sinquma i-reagent yamakhemikhali efunekayo kunye needosi zokufakwa kwelithium ezilindelweyo ekubunjweni kwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha ngokuthe ngqo , , . Idosi engonelanga ingakhokelela kulungiso olupheleleyo, ngelixa idosi eninzi ingakhokelela ekubeni kubekho i-alkali eshiziweyo kwindawo yekathodi, iyonakalise ukubuyiselwa kokusebenza , . Ngokumangalisayo, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH kufuna uphando lwemateriali oluhlaselayo ,  kunye neevavanyo ezinde zokulinganisa isakhono, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH okungahlaseli, ngokukhawuleza, nokuzinzileyo kuhlala kungumngeni owongeziweyo. 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 27 35 36 37 Ukukhusela ulwazi olungaguquguqukiyo lwe-SOH, iibhetri ze-EV ziyahlolwa, kwaye idatha yokusebenza iirekhodwe yiimidiya zamafu  kunye neepasipoti zebhetri . Ipalamente yaseYurophu yamkela i-Batteries Directive nge-14 kaJuni, 2023, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo zingasetyenziswa kwakhona, zilungiswe, okanye zirhasiwe xa sele ziphumile ubomi benkonzo . Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokujonga kunye nokurekhoda ifumaneka kuphela kwicandelo lenkonzo ye-EV, iibhetri ezikhutshiweyo azisekho ziqhagamshelwe kwiyunithi yokujonga imbiza. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukufumana idatha ye-SOH efumaneka kumhlaba. Ukuthembeka kwedatha yobomi kuhlala kungumngeni omkhulu, ubiza ukumisela i-SOH kusetyenziswa idatha yomhlaba kuphela, ngokuchaseneyo nedatha yembali okanye phantsi kweemeko ezinokulawulwa , , . Isisombululo esinye kukwenza uvavanyo lokulinganisa isakhono kwindawo yokuqokelela ibhetri ekwi-retirement, oko kukuthi, ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, okulula, nangona kunjalo, kufuna ixesha elingafikelelekiyo lovavanyo kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo zombane. Uvavanyo lwesiphumo esiphakamileyo samandla esiphakamileyo luyenye indlela yokumisela i-SOH ngokutshiza okunamandla, kodwa inkqubo epheleleyo yovavanyo ithatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12. U-Tao kunye nabanye basebenzise iipulse ezimfutshane zokumisela i-SOH kwiibhetri ezikhutshiweyo, becinga ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-SOC ukuya kwi-5% ye-SOC kwenziwa, eyayingenzisi kwiimeko zokurhoxa ze-SOC ezingahleliyo . Ukuqhubela phambili kwenzululwazi ekufumaniseni okusekelwe kusenso kubandakanya imifanekiso ye-X-ray , i-impedance ye-electrochemical , , ukuthwala i-optical fiber , , ukufumana ngomsindo , , ukutshaja ngokuyinxenye , , kunye nokutshiza okune-pulse , . Iindlela ezisekelwe kusenso ziphakathi kwenqanaba lelebhu ngenxa yokuhlasela, ngelixa ukutshiza okune-pulse kubonisa ukungqongiswa kokonakaliswa kwebhetri ngaphandle komonakalo, ngaxeshanye ngokukhawuleza kunokutshaja ngokuyinxenye kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwi-impedance ye-electrochemical , , , , , . Nangona kunjalo, ukutshiza nge-pulse yindlela exhaswa yidatha efumaneka kuphela phantsi kokucinga okufanelekileyo kokuba idatha elinganisiweyo ngokwasemzimbeni ibandakanya iimeko zokurhoxa kwesigaba sokusetyenziswa kwemodeli, eyaziwa njengomngeni oqhelekileyo we-domain shift kuluntu lwe-machine learning. Ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili kwiindlela zokufunda zokudlulisa kunye neendlela zokulungisa idomeyn , , , imingeni isaqhubeka kuba idomeyn ekujoliswe kuyo yokuhambelana isafuna ulwazi olungaphambili xa isetyenziswa, kwaye iindlela zokufunda ezikhoyo azinakuhlaziywa kwiimeko zokurhoxa ezingahleliyo . Indlela enye kukukhangela ubungakanani bovavanyo lwedatha phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingahlolwanga ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwedatha kunye nobungahlukeneyo ngelixa kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezonyukileyo. U-Wang kunye nabanye bacele indlela yokwemba ubushushu ukubonisa izinto zokukhetha ikhemicali ye-reaction kwiimeko eziphakathi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-thermochemical, evumela ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokulondoloza idatha ezibanzi kwinqanaba elincinci lokuphonononga i-thermochemistry kunye neendleko njengokongeza idatha yoqeqesho lwemodeli ye-machine learning . Ngaphandle koko, ukufunda ngokudala kubonise amathuba okumisela i-SOH ngedatha eyongeziweyo evela kwiiprofayili ezijikelezwe ngokuyinxenye, kugcinwa idatha efunekayo evavanywe ngokwasemzimbeni , . Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kwedatha kunye nobungahlukeneyo kwisimo sokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha kwebhetri kunzima ngakumbi ngenxa yodibaniso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemateriali yekathodi, iifomati zomzimba, uyilo lwezakhono, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembali, kuthintela ukudityaniswa okunokwenzeka kolwazi olukhethekileyo lweemeko zokubola kwiimodeli ze-machine learning. Ke ngoko, kufanelekile ukucinga ngobudlelwane bokuxhomekeka phakathi kweemeko zokurhoxa kunye neempendulo zokutshiza ezibangela ukwenziwa kwedatha, kungabikho ubude obude bokulinganisa isakhono kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo lomzimba ngaxeshanye, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokumisela i-SOH.  38 24 39 30 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 17 41 17 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Kwesi sifundo, senze ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwebhetri ekwi-retirement, oko kukuthi, ukumisela i-SOH, kusetyenziswa idatha yempendulo yokutshiza kwevolteji eyenziwe yi-attentional variational autoencoder kwinqanaba lovavanyo lomzimba eligciniweyo kunye neendleko. Inkqubo ephezulu yeziqendu zokulungiswa kwangaphambili, uqeqesho lwemodeli oludala, kunye neziqendu zokusetyenziswa kwemodeli ziyaboniswa kuMfanekiso.  . Ingcamango yophando kukusebenzisa ukufunda ngokudala ukuhlola idatha esele ilinganisiweyo ukuze kuhlolwe iimpendulo zokutshiza kwevolteji kwiimeko zokurhoxa eziqhubekayo, oko kukuthi, ukusasazeka kwe-SOC kwicandelo lokuqokelela ibhetri ekwi-retirement. Ukumisela i-SOH emva koko kuqhutywa ngaphandle kwedatha yempendulo yokutshiza elinganisiweyo ngokwasemzimbeni, kugcinwe iindleko zokulungiswa kwangaphambili zombane kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon okufuneka kungenjalo kubangelwa kukulungisa i-SOC ukuya kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo. Kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-ampere-hour integral kunye nokutshiza okusekelwe kwi-machine learning, ukufunda ngokudala kugqamisa isantya esikhawulezayo sokwenziwa kunye nokumisela okuchanekileyo. Ngomncedisi wedatha eyenziweyo, i-regressor elula iyazalisekisa ukumisela i-SOH kunye neempazamo ezisezantsi phantsi kweemeko zokurhoxa ezingaziwayo okanye ezingafikelelekiyo kwindawo yokugcina idatha, ingxaki enzima yokuphuma kudomeyn (OOD). Ingxaki ye-OOD iyasombululwa ngokufunda ipateni yomzimba ebekwe phakathi kwesimo se-SOC kunye nempendulo yevolteji ebangelwa kukutshiza okukhawulezileyo. Sibonisa ukuba indlela yethu ihambelana nezinto ezininzi ngokuvunyelwa ngeziqendu ezingama-2700 ezilinganisiweyo ngokwasemzimbeni, ezibandakanya iintlobo ezi-3 zemateriali yekathodi, iifomati ezi-3 zomzimba, iiyilo zezakhono ezi-4, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembali okungama-4 (1 ukuphononongwa okukhawulezisiweyo kulebhu, i-3 yokusetyenziswa kwe-EV, kubandakanywa imowudi enye kuphela yokuhamba kwe-power-train yombane kunye neemowudi ezi-2 zokuhamba kwe-hybrid power-train). Ukufunda ngokudala kufanelekile kwi-interpolation kunye ne-extrapolation ngokudibanisa ulwazi lwangaphambili lweemeko zokurhoxa kwindawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala yobungakanani beemodeli, kugcinwe ixesha lovavanyo, iindleko zombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon ngelixa kungonakalisi ukuchaneka kokumisela i-SOH. Isifundo esingqongqo sehlabathi semeko yokurhoxa kwebhetri ngo-2030 sigqamisa ukubaluleka kokumisela i-SOH ngokukhawuleza nokuzinzileyo kwiimeko zokurisayikilisha kwe-pyrometallurgical, i-hydrometallurgical, kunye neyokuthe ngqo. Ngophando lwezobuchwepheshe-ezobuchwepheshe, ukumisela i-SOH exhaswa kukufunda ngokudala kungonga i-4.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngeendleko zombane kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-35.8 yeebhiliyoni kg ze-CO2 ngo-2030 kwihlabathi. Siyixoxa ngokuqondakala kwemodeli, iziphumo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokurisayikilisha, kunye neenkalo ezibanzi zezicwangciso zangaphambili zokurisayikilisha ezizayo ezidibeneyo kunye ne-machine learning.  1    Izinyathelo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwebhetri ekwi-retirement zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, ukulinganisa ngokwasemzimbeni, i-machine learning yodagnosis ye-SOH, kunye nenkqubo yesibini yobomi yokwenza izigqibo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayikilisha. Ukulungiswa kwe-SOC kuthetha ukulungelelanisa amaxabiso e-SOC kwiibhetri ezikhutshiweyo kumanqanaba afunekayo kusetyenziswa indlela yakudala yokutshaja rhoqo (CCCV).   Isikimu se-attentional variational autoencoder sokwenziwa kwedatha yempendulo yokutshiza kwevolteji.   >Ukusetyenziswa kwemodeli yokwenza idatha yokumisela i-SOH kufuna ukulungiswa kwe-SOC eyongezelelweyo. Imodeli ye-machine learning eqeqeshiweyo ixhaswa yidatha eyenziweyo kwaye ifumana iimpendulo zokutshiza ezikhalayo xa isekwisigaba sokusetyenziswa.   >Iingenelo zemali kunye nezemvelo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo sokwenza indlela yethu yokufunda ngokudala ngokugcina iindleko zokulungiswa kwe-SOC kwisimo sokurhoxa kwebhetri sango-2030 ehlabathini.  a b c d Iziphumo Ukufunyanwa kwedatha Ukunqongophala kwedatha kunye nobungahlukeneyo yimibingeleli emikhulu kwi-diagnosis kunye ne-prognosis egxile kwi-data

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