Igihe kinini, inzobere mu by'ikoranabuhanga zakoze zititaye ku isi. Bateje imbere, bubaka, kandi bohereza software neza. Noneho igihe cyo kwigunga cyakubiswe, kandi mu buryo butunguranye, bararambiwe (birumvikana ko iyi ari ugukina ibintu bifatika). IT abantu bashakaga gukora ikintu gishobora gukora akazi kabo mugihe bagumye murugo: subiza ibibazo bisanzwe, kubyara avatar nziza, no gusesengura amakuru menshi muminota. Barose gutembera ahantu heza, nuko, urakeka, bahinduye AI.  Ubu AI irakora, itanga ibisubizo, kandi itezimbere ubuzima. Nka umufasha kabuhariwe nkuko biri, AI ikora neza gusa iyo ikoreshejwe murwego rukwiye.  Turimo kwibonera iterambere ryihuse mubikorwa bya AI, kuva amashusho na videwo kugeza kumasoko yimigabane no gusesengura amafaranga. Nyamara,   cyangwa gutanga ibisubizo byibinyoma. Imyitwarire yayo irasa cyane ninjangwe zo murugo - urabizi, ubwoko bwicaye bucece hanyuma bukaguhita bukubitiraho?  AI irashobora gutanga amakuru tutabaza  Injangwe zacu, kimwe na AI, zishimira kuba zitateganijwe:  Urabaha ibiryo bimwe (cyangwa data) - rimwe na rimwe bararya, rimwe na rimwe bakabyirengagiza.  Urabatoza gusubiza, ariko rimwe na rimwe barabyitabira iyo ubahamagaye.  Ninini ninjangwe ninjangwe cyangwa nini ya moderi ya AI, biragoye guhanura imyitwarire yayo.  Mu gitondo, injangwe zishobora gutuza; nimugoroba, bahindura hyperactive (nkamakuru yingirakamaro).  Injangwe zishobora kuba inshuti (deterministic) ariko zirashobora kugushushanya utaburiye (stochastic).  Urashobora kwibaza icyo determinism hamwe no kwinangira bisobanura - reka tubimenye.   Kwiyemeza no Kwinangira  Sisitemu ya deterministic buri gihe itanga ibisubizo bimwe byatanzwe kimwe - tekereza   niba uri   . Urugero nyarwo rwaba injangwe yawe irya ibiryo bingana washyize mubikombe byayo igihe cyose - iyi ni   . Ariko iyo injangwe ihumura ikarya kimwe cya kabiri gusa, ntabwo iba ikigena.  idempotency injeniyeri ya DevOps determinism  Inzira   ikubiyemo ikintu cyo guhitamo: hamwe ninjiza imwe, ibisubizo birashobora gutandukana. Kurugero, imashini yiga imashini akenshi ikoresha algorithm ya stochastic, nka     , itoza icyitegererezo mugutoranya uduce duto twamakuru aho gukoresha imibare yose. itajenjetse Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)  Ibi bisobanuro ntibisobanura neza impamvu AI yacu rimwe na rimwe yerekana kandi ikitwara nabi. Hariho ibindi bintu bitanga umusanzu, harimo ibi bikurikira:  Kwiyemeza  Kwinangira  Kuzenguruka amakosa no kureremba-ingingo y'imibare  Gusoma byinshi hamwe no kubara  Gukomeza kuvugurura amakuru  Akajagari n '“ikinyugunyugu”  Niba turebye hafi, tuzabona ubundi buryo bugira ingaruka kumyitwarire idateganijwe ya moderi ya AI.   A Glimpse of Neural Networks  Ushobora kuba uzi ko   yishingikiriza kumurongo utandukanye wa algorithms. Hano hari ubwoko bumwebumwe bwimiyoboro: AI buriwese akoresha    Ubwubatsi bwa kera aho buri neuron ihuza na neuron yose murwego rukurikira. Imiyoboro ihamye yuzuye (FCNN):    Iyi miyoboro ikoresha imyanzuro cyangwa akayunguruzo kagaragaza ibiranga ishusho nkimpande, imiterere, na shusho. Imiyoboro ya Neural Network (CNNs):    ): Iyi miyoboro ifite ibitekerezo byisubiramo bibafasha kwibuka intambwe zabanjirije (aribyo, bibuka uko byakurikiranye). Imiyoboro ya Neural Isubiramo (RNNs    verisiyo yongerewe ya RNNs hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo kwibagirwa no kwibuka amakuru yingenzi. Ububiko Bwigihe gito (LSTM):    : Icyiciro gikomeye cyane cyo gutunganya inyandiko. Bakoresha imitwe myinshi, ibemerera gusuzuma icyarimwe icyarimwe. Abahindura    Igizwe n'imiyoboro ibiri, imwe itanga amakuru indi igasuzuma ubuziranenge bwayo. Irushanwa ryabo riganisha ku bisubizo byiza. Imiyoboro rusange ya Adversarial Network (GANs):    : Imiyoboro yagenewe guhuza amakuru (kodegisi) hanyuma ikongera ikubaka (decode). Autoencoders    Bakorana nishusho (node nu mpande) aho gukora amakuru asanzwe. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs):  Dukeneye ibyaribyo byose kugirango twumve impamvu moderi ikunze kugaragara, ChatGPT, akenshi yerekana.   Ukuntu AI Hallucinations ibaho  ChatGPT ikora ku bwubatsi bwa   , yatangijwe bwa mbere mu   Ubu ni bwo buryo bwahinduye gutunganya inyandiko. Abahinduzi bakora muburyo bwo kwiyitaho, bubafasha gusuzuma imiterere yisi aho gutekereza gusa kumagambo yegeranye nkurusobe rwimitsi rusubirwamo (LSTM na GRU) bakora. Icyitegererezo ni icya GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) ikurikirana, bivuze: Transformer mpapuro za 2017, "Icyitonderwa nicyo ukeneye."    Yabanje gutozwa kubwinshi bw'inyandiko (ibitabo, ingingo, imbuga za interineti, na kode). Yabanje gutozwa:    Inshingano zayo nugukora inyandiko, ntabwo ari ugushyira mubikorwa cyangwa gukuramo ibintu gusa. Ibisekuruza:  Ibisubizo bya ChatGPT biva muburyo bukomeye aho kuba itegeko rikomeye. Ntabwo ifata mu mutwe cyangwa ngo isubiremo inyandiko ariko itanga ibisubizo ukoresheje icyitegererezo gishoboka.   Guhanura Ijambo nkibikorwa bishoboka  Iyo ChatGPT isubije, ntabwo ihitamo ijambo rimwe ryukuri ahubwo riharura ikwirakwizwa rishoboka.    aho: P (wi | w1, w2, ..., wi-1),  “Wi” - ijambo rikurikira mu nteruro  w1, w2, ..., wi-1 - amagambo yabanjirije  P (wi | w1, ..., wi-1) - birashoboka ko "wi" izaba ijambo rikurikira  Kurugero, niba ubajije, “Uyu munsi ni uwuhe munsi?” ChatGPT ishobora kuba ifite amahirwe atandukanye:  “Ku wa mbere” - P = 0.7  “Ku wa gatatu” - P = 0.2  “42” - P = 0.0001  Bizahitamo cyane cyane ijambo hamwe nibishoboka cyane, ariko bitewe nubushyuhe bwibisekuru (ibipimo bigenzura ibintu), birashobora rimwe na rimwe guhitamo uburyo bushoboka bushingiye kumiterere.   Imirongo Ingaruka no Kwibagirwa Amakuru  ChatGPT ikorana nidirishya rito, bivuze ko "yibuka" ibimenyetso bya NN byanyuma. Kuri GPT-4, idirishya ryibanze ni hafi ya 128k ibimenyetso (impapuro 300 zanditse). Niba amakuru yingenzi ari hanze yiki gice, irashobora:  Wibagiwe ibisobanuro (ingaruka zo gukuramo imiterere)  Amakuru yo kwisiga (inzira idakuka)  Nyamara, ChatGPT irashobora gukosora igisubizo cyayo nyuma yo kubaza niba aribyo. Ariko, ChatGPT irashobora gukosora igisubizo cyayo niba ubajije niba aribyo.   AI Rimwe na rimwe ikosora ubwayo, ariko kubera iki?  Iyo ubajije ChatGPT, “Urabyizeye?” isubiramo igisubizo cyayo ikoresheje imiterere mishya aho gushidikanya bihari. Ibisubizo muri:  Kongera kubara ibisubizo bishoboka.  Guhitamo uburyo bushoboka niba umwe abaho.  Iyi nzira irashobora gusobanurwa nibishoboka bya Bayesian.    aho: P (A | B) = P (B | A) P (A) / P (B),  P (A | B) - ibishoboka gusubiza A ni byo, urebye ikibazo cyawe cyo gukurikirana B.  P (B | A) - birashoboka ko wabajije niba ChatGPT yabanje kuvuga ukuri.  P (A) - ibishoboka byambere igisubizo cya ChatGPT.  P (B) - muri rusange bishoboka ko wabaza.  Amakuru menshi kuri wewe? Ubushyuhe bukabije mu bwonko? Tekereza ko AI nayo irengerwa namakuru menshi.   Amakosa Kubera Kurenza urugero kandi Urusaku rwamakuru  Umubare munini wamakuru yinyandiko yinjira mumahugurwa ya ChatGPT, harimo urusaku cyangwa amakuru avuguruzanya, nka:  Inkomoko zimwe zivuga ko Isi izengurutse, mu gihe abandi bavuga ko iringaniye.  AI ntishobora kumenya buri gihe amakuru nukuri mugihe igaragara hamwe nibishoboka bitandukanye.   Izi nizo ngero za salusiyo yerekana, bibaho kubera ko uburemere bwa ChatGPT bwatojwe kumashyirahamwe yamagambo aho kuba logique ikomeye.   Umurongo w'urufatiro  Dore ibyo dushobora kwigira kuriyi. ChatGPT yerekana kuva aho:  Ihanure bishoboka, ntabwo igenekereje.  Ifite ububiko buke (idirishya ry'imiterere).  Ongera usuzume ibishoboka iyo ubajijwe.  Ifite amakuru yo guhugura arimo urusaku no kwivuguruza.  Nibyo. Nizere ko utarushye. Niba warabikoze, icyo ni ikimenyetso cyiza kuko bivuze ko utekereza neza, nibyo rwose tugomba gukora mugihe dukorana na AI.

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AI's Non-Determinism, Hallucinations, na ... Injangwe?

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