ObjectPool 패턴을 사용하여 게임 프로젝트를 향상하는 방법(Unity 가이드)

 public class FireBall : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private Rigidbody2D _rigidbody; 4 [SerializeField] private float _speed; 5   
6 public void FlyInDirection(Vector2 flyDirection) 7 { 8 _rigidbody.velocity = flyDirection * _speed; 9 } 10   
11 private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other) 12 { 13 Destroy(gameObject); 14 } 15 }

 public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private FireBall _fireBall; 4 [SerializeField] private Transform _castPoint; 5   
6 public void Cast() 7 { 8 FireBall fireBall = Instantiate(_fireBall, _castPoint.position, Quaternion.identity); 9 fireBall.FlyInDirection(transform.right); 10 } 11 }

 public class ObjectPool : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private FireBall _fireBallPrefab; 4   
5 private readonly List <FireBall> _freeFireBalls = new List <FireBall>(); 6   
7 public FireBall GetFireBall() 8 { 9 FireBall fireBall; 10       if (_freeFireBalls.Count > 0 ) 11 { 12 fireBall = _freeFireBalls[ 0 ]; 13 _freeFireBalls. Remove(fireBall);
14 } 15       else
16 { 17 fireBall = Instantiate(_fireBallPrefab, transform); 18 } 19       return fireBall; 20 } 21   
22 private void ReturnFireBall(FireBall fireBall) 23 { 24 _freeFireBalls.Add(fireBall); 25 } 26 }

 public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private ObjectPool _objectPool; 4 [SerializeField] private Transform _castPoint; 5   
6 public void Cast() 7 { 8 FireBall fireBall = _objectPool.GetFireBall(); 9 fireBall.transform.position = _castPoint.position; 10 fireBall.FlyInDirection(transform.right); 11 } 12 }

 public class FireBall : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private Rigidbody2D _rigidbody; 4 [SerializeField] private float _speed; 5   
6 public event Action<FireBall> Destroyed; 7   
8 public void FlyInDirection(Vector2 flyDirection) 9 { 10 _rigidbody.velocity = flyDirection * _speed; 11 } 12   
13 private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other) 14 { 15 Destroyed?.Invoke(this); 16 } 17 }

 public class ObjectPool : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private FireBall _fireBallPrefab; 4 private readonly List <FireBall> _freeFireBalls = new List <FireBall>(); 5   
6 public FireBall GetFireBall() 7 { 8 FireBall fireBall; 9       if (_freeFireBalls.Count > 0 ) 10 { 11 fireBall = _freeFireBalls[ 0 ]; 12 _freeFireBalls. Remove(fireBall);
13 } 14       else
15 { 16 fireBall = Instantiate(_fireBallPrefab, transform); 17 } 18 fireBall.Destroyed += ReturnFireBall; 19       return fireBall; 20 } 21   
22 private void ReturnFireBall(FireBall fireBall) 23 { 24 fireBall.Destroyed -= ReturnFireBall; 25 _freeFireBalls.Add(fireBall); 26 } 27 }

 public interface IPoolable 2 { 3 GameObject GameObject { get ; } 4 event Action<IPoolable> Destroyed; 5 void Reset (); 6 }

 public class FireBall : MonoBehaviour, IPoolable 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private Rigidbody2D _rigidbody; 4 [SerializeField] private float _speed; 5 public GameObject GameObject => gameObject; 6   
7 public event Action<IPoolable> Destroyed; 8   
9 private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other) 10 { 11       Reset (); 12 } 13 public void Reset () 14 { 15 Destroyed?.Invoke(this); 16 } 17   
18 public void FlyInDirection(Vector2 flyDirection) 19 { 20 _rigidbody.velocity = flyDirection * _speed; 21 } 22 }

 public class ObjectPool<T> where T : Component, IPoolable 2 { 3 private readonly List <IPoolable> _freeObjects; 4 private readonly Transform _container; 5 private readonly T _prefab; 6   
7 public ObjectPool(T prefab) 8 { 9 _freeObjects = new List <IPoolable>(); 10 _container = new GameObject().transform; 11 _container. name = prefab.GameObject. name ; 12 _prefab = prefab; 13 } 14   
15 public IPoolable GetFreeObject() 16 { 17 IPoolable poolable; 18       if (_freeObjects.Count > 0 ) 19 { 20 poolable = _freeObjects[ 0 ] as T; 21 _freeObjects. RemoveAt(0);
22 } 23       else
24 { 25 poolable = Object.Instantiate(_prefab, _container); 26 } 27 poolable.GameObject.SetActive(true); 28 poolable.Destroyed += ReturnToPool; 29       return poolable; 30 } 31   
32 private void ReturnToPool(IPoolable poolable) 33 { 34 _freeObjects.Add(poolable); 35 poolable.Destroyed -= ReturnToPool; 36 poolable.GameObject.SetActive(false); 37 poolable.GameObject.transform.SetParent(_container); 38 } 39 }

 public class PoolTask 2 { 3 private readonly List <IPoolable> _freeObjects; 4 private readonly List <IPoolable> _objectsInUse; 5 private readonly Transform _container; 6   
7 public PoolTask(Transform container) 8 { 9 _container = container; 10 _objectsInUse = new List <IPoolable>(); 11 _freeObjects = new List <IPoolable>(); 12 } 13   
14 public void CreateFreeObjects<T>(T prefab, int count) where T : Component, IPoolable 15 { 16       for (var i = 0 ; i < count; i++) 17 { 18 var poolable = Object.Instantiate(prefab, _container); 19 _freeObjects.Add(poolable); 20 } 21 } 22   
23 public T GetFreeObject<T>(T prefab) where T : Component, IPoolable 24 { 25 T poolable; 26       if (_freeObjects.Count > 0 ) 27 { 28 poolable = _freeObjects[ 0 ] as T; 29 _freeObjects. RemoveAt(0);
30 } 31       else
32 { 33 poolable = Object.Instantiate(prefab, _container); 34 } 35 poolable.Destroyed += ReturnToPool; 36 poolable.GameObject.SetActive(true); 37 _objectsInUse.Add(poolable); 38       return poolable; 39 } 40   
41 public void ReturnAllObjectsToPool() 42 { 43 foreach (var poolable in _objectsInUse) 44 poolable. Reset (); 45 } 46   
47 public void Dispose() 48 { 49 foreach (var poolable in _objectsInUse) 50 Object.Destroy(poolable.GameObject); 51       
52 foreach (var poolable in _freeObjects) 53 Object.Destroy(poolable.GameObject); 54 } 55   
56 private void ReturnToPool(IPoolable poolable) 57 { 58 _objectsInUse. Remove(poolable);
59 _freeObjects.Add(poolable); 60 poolable.Destroyed -= ReturnToPool; 61 poolable.GameObject.SetActive(false); 62 poolable.GameObject.transform.SetParent(_container); 63 } 64 }

 public class ObjectPool 2 { 3 private static ObjectPool _instance; 4 public static ObjectPool Instance => _instance ??= new ObjectPool(); 5   
6 private readonly Dictionary<Component, PoolTask> _activePoolTasks; 7 private readonly Transform _container; 8  
9 private ObjectPool() 10 { 11 _activePoolTasks = new Dictionary<Component, PoolTask>(); 12 _container = new GameObject().transform; 13 _container. name = nameof(ObjectPool); 14 } 15   
16 public void CreateFreeObjects<T>(T prefab, int count) where T : Component, IPoolable 17 { 18       if (!_activePoolTasks.TryGetValue(prefab, out var poolTask)) 19 AddTaskToPool(prefab, out poolTask); 20       
21 poolTask.CreateFreeObjects(prefab, count); 22 } 23   
24 public T GetObject<T>(T prefab) where T : Component, IPoolable 25 { 26       if (!_activePoolTasks.TryGetValue(prefab, out var poolTask)) 27 AddTaskToPool(prefab, out poolTask); 28       return poolTask.GetFreeObject(prefab); 29 } 30   
31 public void Dispose() 32 { 33 foreach (var poolTask in _activePoolTasks.Values) 34 poolTask.Dispose(); 35 } 36   
37 private void AddTaskToPool<T>(T prefab, out PoolTask poolTask) where T : Component, IPoolable 38 { 39 var taskContainer = new GameObject 40 { 41           name = $ "{prefab.name}_pool" , 42 transform = 43 { 44 parent = _container 45 } 46 }; 47 poolTask = new PoolTask(taskContainer.transform); 48 _activePoolTasks.Add(prefab, poolTask); 49 } 50 }

 public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour 2 { 3 [SerializeField] private FireBall _prefab; 4 [SerializeField] private Transform _castPoint; 5   
6 public void Cast() 7 { 8 FireBall fireBall = ObjectPool.Instance.GetObject(_prefab); 9 fireBall.transform.position = _castPoint.position; 10 fireBall.FlyInDirection(transform.right); 11 } 12 }

 poolable.GameObject.transform.localScale = Vector2. on e ;