Ethical Hackers Reveal How to Break Into Any Mobile Device (Legally!)

Think of a mobile app like a digital vault, holding everything from user passwords to payment details. As a penetration tester, your job is to ensure that the vault is sealed tight—long before any real attacker tries to break in. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the entire process of mobile pentesting, from gathering the right tools to analyzing code and traffic. Let’s jump in! digital vault entire process of mobile pentesting Introduction Introduction We live in a world where mobile devices are almost an extension of ourselves. Because people do their banking, shopping, and socializing on phones, ensuring app security is paramount. And that’s why mobile pentesting matters: we simulate attacks against apps to expose weaknesses and help developers patch them up. banking shopping socializing app security Here’s what’s in it for you: Peace of Mind: You won’t lose sleep over data leaks or stolen credentials. Compliance: Regulators (and your users) require strong protection standards. Reputation Boost: Secure apps mean happier customers and less risk of negative headlines. Peace of Mind: You won’t lose sleep over data leaks or stolen credentials. Peace of Mind Compliance: Regulators (and your users) require strong protection standards. Compliance Reputation Boost: Secure apps mean happier customers and less risk of negative headlines. Reputation Boost What Is Mobile Pentesting? What Is Mobile Pentesting? At its core, mobile pentesting is about finding creative ways to break into an app—just as a real attacker would—so you can fix the weaknesses first. It’s different from standard web pentesting because mobile apps: mobile pentesting Run on Unique Platforms: Android and iOS each have their own rules, security models, and quirks. Store Data on Devices: Sensitive info can be saved locally, making it crucial to examine device-specific storage. Rely Heavily on APIs: Mobile apps often talk to backend servers through APIs, which might be misconfigured or vulnerable if not tested properly. Run on Unique Platforms: Android and iOS each have their own rules, security models, and quirks. Run on Unique Platforms: Android and iOS each have their own rules, security models, and quirks. Run on Unique Platforms Store Data on Devices: Sensitive info can be saved locally, making it crucial to examine device-specific storage. Store Data on Devices: Sensitive info can be saved locally, making it crucial to examine device-specific storage. Store Data on Devices Rely Heavily on APIs: Mobile apps often talk to backend servers through APIs, which might be misconfigured or vulnerable if not tested properly. Rely Heavily on APIs: Mobile apps often talk to backend servers through APIs, which might be misconfigured or vulnerable if not tested properly. Rely Heavily on APIs Common challenges include dealing with root/jailbreak detection, bypassing SSL pinning, and analyzing both client-side and server-side logic. root/jailbreak detection SSL pinning client-side server-side Common Threats to Mobile Applications Common Threats to Mobile Applications Picture a medieval fortress—these are the typical “weak spots” attackers target: Insecure Data Storage Sensitive tokens or user credentials are left unencrypted on the device. Weak Server-Side Controls Missing input validation or flawed API logic that hackers can exploit. Insufficient Transport Layer Protection Using HTTP or flawed HTTPS, allows attackers to intercept or modify network traffic. Insecure Authentication & Authorization Poorly implemented login systems, session management, or permission checks. Client-Side Vulnerabilities Code that can be reverse-engineered to reveal secrets, or logic that can be manipulated at runtime. Insecure Data Storage Sensitive tokens or user credentials are left unencrypted on the device. Insecure Data Storage Sensitive tokens or user credentials are left unencrypted on the device. Sensitive tokens or user credentials are left unencrypted on the device. Weak Server-Side Controls Missing input validation or flawed API logic that hackers can exploit. Weak Server-Side Controls Missing input validation or flawed API logic that hackers can exploit. Missing input validation or flawed API logic that hackers can exploit. Insufficient Transport Layer Protection Using HTTP or flawed HTTPS, allows attackers to intercept or modify network traffic. Insufficient Transport Layer Protection Using HTTP or flawed HTTPS, allows attackers to intercept or modify network traffic. Using HTTP or flawed HTTPS, allows attackers to intercept or modify network traffic. Insecure Authentication & Authorization Poorly implemented login systems, session management, or permission checks. Insecure Authentication & Authorization Poorly implemented login systems, session management, or permission checks. Poorly implemented login systems, session management, or permission checks. Client-Side Vulnerabilities Code that can be reverse-engineered to reveal secrets, or logic that can be manipulated at runtime. Client-Side Vulnerabilities Code that can be reverse-engineered to reveal secrets, or logic that can be manipulated at runtime. Code that can be reverse-engineered to reveal secrets, or logic that can be manipulated at runtime. Code that can be reverse-engineered to reveal secrets, or logic that can be manipulated at runtime. Check out the OWASP Mobile Top 10 and the Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) for more on these risks. They’re like maps highlighting all the possible pitfalls. OWASP Mobile Top 10 OWASP Mobile Top 10 Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) maps Prepare for Mobile Testing Prepare for Mobile Testing Before you storm the castle, you need the right armour and weapons. In pentesting terms, that means setting up an environment where you can safely experiment without harming real-world data. Let’s cover the basics for both Android and iOS. right armour and weapons Android Android When testing Android apps, you can spin up virtual devices using tools like Android Emulator or Genymotion. These emulators let you install and test apps quickly without needing a physical device. Detailed steps to set one up can be found in this guide. Android Emulator Genymotion this guide Android Emulator Android Emulator However, using a physical device often yields more accurate results—especially when you need to test real-world network conditions, sensors, or biometric authentication. If you’re planning more advanced tests like root checks or in-depth data forensics, having actual hardware is a big plus. physical device root checks If you decide to buy or borrow a dedicated device, keep in mind that some Android phones are easier to root. Rooting gives you deeper access to the operating system, allowing you to analyze hidden files, bypass app restrictions, and run powerful tools that require elevated permissions. easier to root Rooting Rooting Android Rooting is like finding a skeleton key to your phone’s operating system. Typically, you’ll: Android Rooting Unlock the bootloader. Flash a custom recovery (e.g., TWRP). Install a root management tool like Magisk or SuperSU. Unlock the bootloader. Flash a custom recovery (e.g., TWRP). Install a root management tool like Magisk or SuperSU. Magisk SuperSU Each phone and OS version has its quirks, so be ready for a few tries. The good news is that once a device is rooted, it generally stays that way unless you factory-reset or upgrade the firmware. Keep in mind that iOS jailbreaks can be lost after a reboot—so Android sometimes offers a more persistent platform for testing. Always follow trusted guides for your specific phone—improper rooting can corrupt the software or introduce security holes. And, of course, back up your data before diving in! Example of rooting a Pixel 3a back up your data Example of rooting a Pixel 3a Example of rooting a Pixel 3a Proxy Proxy Think of a proxy like Burp Suite as your “spyglass.” It lets you see and modify all the traffic going in and out of the app. You’ll catch insecure communication, flawed authentication, or shady requests. Setting up a proxy for mobile is similar on iOS and Android. You can find official instructions for each platform here. proxy here Things get tricky with certain frameworks: Xamarin sometimes ignores system-wide proxy settings due to custom networking libraries. Flutter might respect proxies but could enforce certificate pinning, blocking you from viewing traffic. Xamarin sometimes ignores system-wide proxy settings due to custom networking libraries. Xamarin sometimes ignores system-wide proxy settings due to custom networking libraries. Xamarin Flutter might respect proxies but could enforce certificate pinning, blocking you from viewing traffic. Flutter might respect proxies but could enforce certificate pinning, blocking you from viewing traffic. Flutter certificate pinning To overcome these hurdles, you can tweak the code, use tools like Frida or Objection to turn off pinning or set up reverse proxies (e.g., mitmproxy) to capture traffic. Adapting your approach is part of the fun! Frida Objection mitmproxy App Installation App Installation If the app isn’t on the Google Play Store yet—common for pentests—you’ll likely have an APK file to sideload. You can share the APK through Google Drive or a direct download link. Another convenient option is using Firebase App Distribution, which organizes testing by sending out invites to stakeholders. APK file Firebase App Distribution iOS iOS On iOS, a physical device also offers the most genuine testing experience. You can dive into hardware-specific features such as Face ID, Touch ID, and sensors while also capturing realistic network interactions. If you’re buying or using a personal device, consider models known to be simpler to jailbreak (since not all iPhones are equally friendly to this process). If you need virtual iOS devices, Corellium provides powerful cloud-based testing, though it’s not free. Most testers still rely on a physical device for thorough checks. physical device Face ID Touch ID jailbreak Corellium Jailbreaking Jailbreaking iOS Jailbreaking feels a lot like removing the padlocks Apple puts on its devices. You gain root privileges, letting you install tweaks, explore hidden file directories, or run advanced pentesting scripts. Popular tools include unc0ver and Checkra1n. The best choice depends on your iOS version and device model. iOS Jailbreaking unc0ver Checkra1n Remember: Newer devices can be tougher to jailbreak. Some jailbreaks don’t survive a reboot (“semi-untethered”). Always back up your iPhone before messing with system files. Newer devices can be tougher to jailbreak. Some jailbreaks don’t survive a reboot (“semi-untethered”). Always back up your iPhone before messing with system files. back up Also note that certain security layers are automatically reactivated when your device restarts, so you may need to re-jailbreak every time you power up. App Installation App Installation iOS apps come in IPA files—similar to APKs on Android. On a jailbroken phone, you can install IPAs using file managers like Filza or apps like Sideloadly. For a more official route, developers often rely on TestFlight, which lets them invite testers via email—just tap the link, and iOS handles the rest. IPA Filza Sideloadly TestFlight Setting up your environment properly—choosing the right devices (virtual or physical), configuring proxies, and understanding how to sideload apps—ensures you’ll be ready for the deep dive into an app’s internal workings. It might take some tinkering, but once you’ve got that perfect setup, the real pentesting can begin! deep dive Static Analysis (SAST) Now let’s move on to examining the app itself—without fully running it. This is like reading the blueprint of a castle before you step inside. We look for hardcoded secrets, insecure configurations, and other issues in code or config files. hardcoded secrets insecure configurations Key Areas to Focus On Key Areas to Focus On Hardcoded Secrets API keys, tokens, credentials, and encryption keys sometimes end up directly in the source code. If attackers reverse-engineer the app, they can pluck these secrets out with minimal effort and impersonate users or services. Insecure Configurations Overly permissive permissions, debug flags left enabled, or improper signing can all punch holes in your app’s armor. A single setting—like NSAllowsArbitraryLoads in an iOS Info.plist or android:debuggable="true"—can open the door to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks or unprotected debugging. Sensitive Data Exposure Storing session tokens or personal info in plain text on the device (logs, shared preferences, local files) is a recipe for disaster. Anyone with physical access or a rooted/jailbroken phone could snoop around and steal valuable data—no brute force required. App Logic and Flaws Often, the root issues come from how features are implemented. When essential checks—like authentication—are missing or not strictly enforced, attackers can easily bypass your defenses. Similarly, weak cryptographic functions or unsecured app components can also make life easy for anyone probing your app. Hardcoded Secrets API keys, tokens, credentials, and encryption keys sometimes end up directly in the source code. If attackers reverse-engineer the app, they can pluck these secrets out with minimal effort and impersonate users or services. Hardcoded Secrets Hardcoded Secrets API keys, tokens, credentials, and encryption keys sometimes end up directly in the source code. If attackers reverse-engineer the app, they can pluck these secrets out with minimal effort and impersonate users or services. Insecure Configurations Overly permissive permissions, debug flags left enabled, or improper signing can all punch holes in your app’s armor. A single setting—like NSAllowsArbitraryLoads in an iOS Info.plist or android:debuggable="true"—can open the door to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks or unprotected debugging. Insecure Configurations Insecure Configurations Overly permissive permissions, debug flags left enabled, or improper signing can all punch holes in your app’s armor. A single setting—like NSAllowsArbitraryLoads in an iOS Info.plist or android:debuggable="true"—can open the door to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks or unprotected debugging. Sensitive Data Exposure Storing session tokens or personal info in plain text on the device (logs, shared preferences, local files) is a recipe for disaster. Anyone with physical access or a rooted/jailbroken phone could snoop around and steal valuable data—no brute force required. Sensitive Data Exposure Sensitive Data Exposure Storing session tokens or personal info in plain text on the device (logs, shared preferences, local files) is a recipe for disaster. Anyone with physical access or a rooted/jailbroken phone could snoop around and steal valuable data—no brute force required. App Logic and Flaws Often, the root issues come from how features are implemented. When essential checks—like authentication—are missing or not strictly enforced, attackers can easily bypass your defenses. Similarly, weak cryptographic functions or unsecured app components can also make life easy for anyone probing your app. App Logic and Flaws App Logic and Flaws Often, the root issues come from how features are implemented. When essential checks—like authentication—are missing or not strictly enforced, attackers can easily bypass your defenses. Similarly, weak cryptographic functions or unsecured app components can also make life easy for anyone probing your app. MSTG Checklist MSTG Checklist The Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) offers a thorough checklist to help you tackle static analysis methodically: Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-1: Sensitive data is not stored unencrypted on the device. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-2: No sensitive data is stored in shared storage. [ ] MSTG-CRYPTO-1: Proper use of cryptographic algorithms and libraries. [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-1: Secure communication channels (e.g., HTTPS/TLS). [ ] MSTG-CODE-1: Absence of hardcoded secrets in the source code. [ ] MSTG-CODE-3: Code obfuscation is applied appropriately. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-1: Protection against reverse engineering. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-2: Debugging capabilities are disabled in production. [ ] MSTG-PRIVACY-1: Proper handling of user permissions and private data. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-1: Sensitive data is not stored unencrypted on the device. MSTG-STORAGE-1 [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-2: No sensitive data is stored in shared storage. MSTG-STORAGE-2 [ ] MSTG-CRYPTO-1: Proper use of cryptographic algorithms and libraries. MSTG-CRYPTO-1 [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-1: Secure communication channels (e.g., HTTPS/TLS). MSTG-NETWORK-1 [ ] MSTG-CODE-1: Absence of hardcoded secrets in the source code. MSTG-CODE-1 [ ] MSTG-CODE-3: Code obfuscation is applied appropriately. MSTG-CODE-3 [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-1: Protection against reverse engineering. MSTG-RESILIENCE-1 [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-2: Debugging capabilities are disabled in production. MSTG-RESILIENCE-2 [ ] MSTG-PRIVACY-1: Proper handling of user permissions and private data. MSTG-PRIVACY-1 SAST Tools SAST Tools Various tools can help you dissect your code, configs, and binaries without running the app: MobSF (Mobile Security Framework) MobSF (Mobile Security Framework) Use: Plug in an APK/IPA and MobSF will generate a detailed report: it’ll list potential misconfigurations, suspicious permissions, or hardcoded secrets. Use Bonus: It also has some dynamic features, making it a neat all-in-one solution. Bonus APKTool (Android) APKTool Use: Decompile and then recompile an APK to see what’s inside. This is perfect for reading AndroidManifest.xml, examining resources, or adjusting the app. Use apktool d app.apk -o output_director apktool d app.apk -o output_director JADX (Android) JADX Use: Convert Dalvik bytecode (.dex) into readable Java. Great for spotting lines of code with potential vulnerabilities, like API keys. Use jadx app.apk -d output_directory jadx app.apk -d output_directory Class-Dump, Hopper, Ghidra (iOS) Class-Dump, Hopper, Ghidra Use: Extract Objective-C class headers (Class-Dump) or disassemble iOS binaries (Hopper/Ghidra). If the app’s been Swiftified, you’ll also see Swift metadata. Use Examples Examples Android Android Information disclosure Information disclosure Android apps can be decompiled from their APK files using tools like APKTool, JADX, or MobSF. This process reveals source code, application structure, and sensitive components like AndroidManifest.xml or .smali files, which can expose app logic and permissions. Allowing Cleartext Traffic Android apps can be decompiled from their APK files using tools like APKTool, JADX, or MobSF. This process reveals source code, application structure, and sensitive components like AndroidManifest.xml or .smali files, which can expose app logic and permissions. Android apps can be decompiled from their APK files using tools like APKTool, JADX, or MobSF. APK APKTool JADX MobSF This process reveals source code, application structure, and sensitive components like AndroidManifest.xml or .smali files, which can expose app logic and permissions. Allowing Cleartext Traffic Allowing Cleartext Traffic Allowing Cleartext Traffic Attackers can exploit unencrypted (HTTP) communication for eavesdropping or tampering. Debuggable Application Debuggable Application Debuggable Application Anyone with a device (or emulator) can attach a debugger and rummage through sensitive data or logic. Hardcoded API Keys Hardcoded API Keys Hardcoded API Keys public class ApiClient { private static final String API_KEY = "12345-abcdef-67890"; private static final String API_SECRET = "superSecretPassword123!"; } public class ApiClient { private static final String API_KEY = "12345-abcdef-67890"; private static final String API_SECRET = "superSecretPassword123!"; } A quick decompile with APKTool or JADX reveals these keys, allowing attackers to impersonate the app or access backend services unauthorized. Sensitive Data in Plaintext Sensitive Data in Plaintext Sensitive Data in Plaintext abc123XYZ987 user@example.com abc123XYZ987 user@example.com If tokens or user details are stored in plain text, a rooted device can easily extract them. iOS iOS Misconfigured Info.plist Misconfigured Info.plist Misconfigured Info.plist NSAppTransportSecurity NSAppTransportSecurity NSAllowsArbitraryLoads NSAllowsArbitraryLoads Apple enforces secure connections by default, so overriding this opens up the app to MITM risks or unencrypted traffic. Decompilation tools like Class-Dump, Hopper Disassembler, and Ghidra extract the app’s IPA file content, including Objective-C classes, method names, and binary files. Class-Dump Hopper Disassembler Ghidra IPA Dynamic Analysis (DAST) Dynamic Analysis (DAST) If static analysis is studying a castle’s blueprint, dynamic analysis is walking around inside the castle while checking every door and window. We run the app, watch how it behaves, and see if we can exploit any weaknesses in real time. dynamic analysis Key Areas to Focus On Key Areas to Focus On Network Communication Make sure your app’s data isn’t leaking during transit. If your app relies on HTTP or improperly configured HTTPS, an attacker can step in, intercept, or even modify the data. The same goes for missing or weak SSL/TLS certificate pinning, exposing your app to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Authentication & Authorization Even if your login screens and user roles look sound on paper, the real test is whether someone can bypass them at runtime. For instance, can an attacker reuse session tokens or guess them? Does the app time out correctly or does it keep sessions open forever? Runtime Integrity & Security Checks Many apps try to detect if a device is rooted (Android) or jailbroken (iOS) and then refuse to run or block certain features. During dynamic analysis, you want to see if you can slip past these checks by hooking into the app’s code, so you can keep testing anyway. If you can easily bypass these measures, attackers can, too. Data Leakage During Execution Does the app log sensitive information (like passwords or tokens) in plaintext? When you switch apps or background the device, is the screen captured with confidential data still showing? This sort of unintentional “breadcrumb” trail can lead attackers right to the treasure. API and Server-Side Verification The app might look secure from a client perspective, but if the backend API doesn’t validate user permissions or input, an attacker could tweak requests on the fly to gain unauthorized access or break the system. It’s crucial to test both the client and server behaviours in tandem. Network Communication Make sure your app’s data isn’t leaking during transit. If your app relies on HTTP or improperly configured HTTPS, an attacker can step in, intercept, or even modify the data. The same goes for missing or weak SSL/TLS certificate pinning, exposing your app to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Network Communication Network Communication Make sure your app’s data isn’t leaking during transit. If your app relies on HTTP or improperly configured HTTPS, an attacker can step in, intercept, or even modify the data. The same goes for missing or weak SSL/TLS certificate pinning, exposing your app to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. leaking SSL/TLS certificate pinning Authentication & Authorization Even if your login screens and user roles look sound on paper, the real test is whether someone can bypass them at runtime. For instance, can an attacker reuse session tokens or guess them? Does the app time out correctly or does it keep sessions open forever? Authentication & Authorization Authentication & Authorization Even if your login screens and user roles look sound on paper, the real test is whether someone can bypass them at runtime. For instance, can an attacker reuse session tokens or guess them? Does the app time out correctly or does it keep sessions open forever? Runtime Integrity & Security Checks Many apps try to detect if a device is rooted (Android) or jailbroken (iOS) and then refuse to run or block certain features. During dynamic analysis, you want to see if you can slip past these checks by hooking into the app’s code, so you can keep testing anyway. If you can easily bypass these measures, attackers can, too. Runtime Integrity & Security Checks Runtime Integrity & Security Checks Many apps try to detect if a device is rooted (Android) or jailbroken (iOS) and then refuse to run or block certain features. During dynamic analysis, you want to see if you can slip past these checks by hooking into the app’s code, so you can keep testing anyway. If you can easily bypass these measures, attackers can, too. rooted jailbroken Data Leakage During Execution Does the app log sensitive information (like passwords or tokens) in plaintext? When you switch apps or background the device, is the screen captured with confidential data still showing? This sort of unintentional “breadcrumb” trail can lead attackers right to the treasure. Data Leakage During Execution Data Leakage During Execution Does the app log sensitive information (like passwords or tokens) in plaintext? When you switch apps or background the device, is the screen captured with confidential data still showing? This sort of unintentional “breadcrumb” trail can lead attackers right to the treasure. API and Server-Side Verification The app might look secure from a client perspective, but if the backend API doesn’t validate user permissions or input, an attacker could tweak requests on the fly to gain unauthorized access or break the system. It’s crucial to test both the client and server behaviours in tandem. API and Server-Side Verification API and Server-Side Verification The app might look secure from a client perspective, but if the backend API doesn’t validate user permissions or input, an attacker could tweak requests on the fly to gain unauthorized access or break the system. It’s crucial to test both the client and server behaviours in tandem. MSTG Checklist MSTG Checklist The Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) also covers dynamic analysis. Here are some checks to keep in mind: Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-1: App detects and prevents tampering or reverse engineering attempts. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-2: App detects rooted or jailbroken devices. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-3: App validates the integrity of its code and resources at runtime. [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-1: App encrypts all network traffic using strong cryptography. [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-3: App enforces certificate pinning where applicable. [ ] MSTG-PLATFORM-1: App does not rely on platform security mechanisms alone and enforces security measures independently. [ ] MSTG-AUTH-2: App properly enforces session timeouts and user re-authentication requirements. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-4: App does not log sensitive data to system logs. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-5: App does not store sensitive data in an insecure location. [ ] MSTG-CRYPTO-1: App uses up-to-date cryptographic algorithms for runtime operations. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-1: App detects and prevents tampering or reverse engineering attempts. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-1: App detects and prevents tampering or reverse engineering attempts. MSTG-RESILIENCE-1 [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-2: App detects rooted or jailbroken devices. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-2: App detects rooted or jailbroken devices. MSTG-RESILIENCE-2 [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-3: App validates the integrity of its code and resources at runtime. [ ] MSTG-RESILIENCE-3: App validates the integrity of its code and resources at runtime. MSTG-RESILIENCE-3 [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-1: App encrypts all network traffic using strong cryptography. [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-1: App encrypts all network traffic using strong cryptography. MSTG-NETWORK-1 [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-3: App enforces certificate pinning where applicable. [ ] MSTG-NETWORK-3: App enforces certificate pinning where applicable. MSTG-NETWORK-3 [ ] MSTG-PLATFORM-1: App does not rely on platform security mechanisms alone and enforces security measures independently. [ ] MSTG-PLATFORM-1: App does not rely on platform security mechanisms alone and enforces security measures independently. MSTG-PLATFORM-1 [ ] MSTG-AUTH-2: App properly enforces session timeouts and user re-authentication requirements. [ ] MSTG-AUTH-2: App properly enforces session timeouts and user re-authentication requirements. MSTG-AUTH-2 [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-4: App does not log sensitive data to system logs. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-4: App does not log sensitive data to system logs. MSTG-STORAGE-4 [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-5: App does not store sensitive data in an insecure location. [ ] MSTG-STORAGE-5: App does not store sensitive data in an insecure location. MSTG-STORAGE-5 [ ] MSTG-CRYPTO-1: App uses up-to-date cryptographic algorithms for runtime operations. [ ] MSTG-CRYPTO-1: App uses up-to-date cryptographic algorithms for runtime operations. MSTG-CRYPTO-1 Think of these like a roadmap for your real-world tests. They help you systematically poke at every door and window to confirm it’s locked down. roadmap DAST Tools DAST Tools Unlike SAST, which focuses on code inspection, DAST revolves around running the app and checking. Below are popular tools to make that process smoother: running Burp Suite / OWASP ZAP Burp Suite OWASP ZAP Use: Both are intercepting proxies that let you capture and modify traffic between the app and backend servers. Ideal for spotting insecure endpoints, session flaws, or data leaks. Use Frida Frida Use: A dynamic instrumentation toolkit that hooks into running processes, helping you bypass SSL pinning, root/jailbreak detection, or other client-side restrictions. Use Common Frida Commands Common Frida Commands Action Command Attach to a Running Process frida -U -n List All Running Processes frida-ps -U Inject a Custom Script frida -U -n -c script.js Trace Specific Functions frida-trace -U -n Hook a Specific Function frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ Action Command Attach to a Running Process frida -U -n List All Running Processes frida-ps -U Inject a Custom Script frida -U -n -c script.js Trace Specific Functions frida-trace -U -n Hook a Specific Function frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ Action Command Action Action Action Command Command Command Attach to a Running Process frida -U -n Attach to a Running Process Attach to a Running Process frida -U -n frida -U -n frida -U -n List All Running Processes frida-ps -U List All Running Processes List All Running Processes frida-ps -U frida-ps -U frida-ps -U Inject a Custom Script frida -U -n -c script.js Inject a Custom Script Inject a Custom Script frida -U -n -c script.js frida -U -n -c script.js frida -U -n -c script.js Trace Specific Functions frida-trace -U -n Trace Specific Functions Trace Specific Functions frida-trace -U -n frida-trace -U -n frida-trace -U -n Hook a Specific Function frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ Hook a Specific Function Hook a Specific Function frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ frida -U -n --eval 'Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "function_name"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log(args[0].toInt32()); } })’ Drozer (Android) Drozer Use: Focuses on scanning Android components such as Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, and Content Providers for security weaknesses. Use Common Drozer Commands Common Drozer Commands Action Command Connect to a Device drozer console connect Enumerate Activities run app.activity.info -a Interact with Exported Activities run app.activity.start --component Test for SQL Injection run scanner.provider.injection -a Action Command Connect to a Device drozer console connect Enumerate Activities run app.activity.info -a Interact with Exported Activities run app.activity.start --component Test for SQL Injection run scanner.provider.injection -a Action Command Action Action Action Command Command Command Connect to a Device drozer console connect Connect to a Device Connect to a Device drozer console connect drozer console connect drozer console connect Enumerate Activities run app.activity.info -a Enumerate Activities Enumerate Activities run app.activity.info -a run app.activity.info -a run app.activity.info -a Interact with Exported Activities run app.activity.start --component Interact with Exported Activities Interact with Exported Activities run app.activity.start --component run app.activity.start --component run app.activity.start --component Test for SQL Injection run scanner.provider.injection -a Test for SQL Injection Test for SQL Injection run scanner.provider.injection -a run scanner.provider.injection -a run scanner.provider.injection -a objection objection Use: Built on Frida, but with simpler commands for tasks like disabling SSL pinning or exploring the app’s file system. Perfect if you’re not a scripting guru. Use Common Objection Commands Common Objection Commands Action Command Attach to a Running App objection -g explore Disable SSL Pinning android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable Print Application Info android application info or ios application info Action Command Attach to a Running App objection -g explore Disable SSL Pinning android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable Print Application Info android application info or ios application info Action Command Action Action Action Command Command Command Attach to a Running App objection -g explore Attach to a Running App Attach to a Running App objection -g explore objection -g explore objection -g explore Disable SSL Pinning android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable Disable SSL Pinning Disable SSL Pinning android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable android sslpinning disable / ios sslpinning disable Print Application Info android application info or ios application info Print Application Info Print Application Info android application info or ios application info android application info or ios application info android application info or ios application info Examples Examples Android Android Network Interception & Modification Network Interception & Modification Network Interception & Modification By routing Android traffic through a tool like Burp Suite, testers can intercept and modify requests. For instance, if the app sends credentials over HTTP or fails to validate TLS certificates properly, an attacker could perform man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Burp Suite man-in-the-middle (MITM) POST /login HTTP/1.1 Host: api.example.com Content-Type: application/json { "username": "test_user", "password": "secret_password" } POST /login HTTP/1.1 Host: api.example.com Content-Type: application/json { "username": "test_user", "password": "secret_password" } Session tokens, personal data, or payment info could be exposed or manipulated. Debug Logs Revealing Sensitive Data Debug Logs Revealing Sensitive Data Debug Logs Revealing Sensitive Data 03-09 12:34:56.789 1234 5678 I MyAppLogger: User token = "abc123XYZ987" 03-09 12:34:56.789 1234 5678 I MyAppLogger: Payment info: "card_number=4111111111111111" 03-09 12:34:56.789 1234 5678 I MyAppLogger: User token = "abc123XYZ987" 03-09 12:34:56.789 1234 5678 I MyAppLogger: Payment info: "card_number=4111111111111111" Anyone with ADB (or a malicious app) could read these logs and exploit them. ADB Insecure Activities / Content Providers Insecure Activities / Content Providers Insecure Activities / Content Providers Insecure Activities / Content Providers Using Drozer, testers can discover exported activities or content providers that require no authentication. Drozer drozer console connect run app.provider.query drozer console connect run app.provider.query content://com.example.app.provider/users content://com.example.app.provider/users If data is returned without proper permissions, attackers can read or modify a user’s info. Bypassing Root Detection Bypassing Root Detection Bypassing Root Detection Tools like Frida or Objection let you bypass root detection or SSL pinning checks at runtime: Frida Objection frida -U -n com.example.app --eval "..." objection -g com.example.app explore android sslpinning disable android root disable ios sslpinning disable ios root disable frida -U -n com.example.app --eval "..." objection -g com.example.app explore android sslpinning disable android root disable ios sslpinning disable ios root disable Attackers on rooted phones can continue testing or hooking into sensitive functions, revealing secrets or tampering with app logic. iOS iOS Jailbreak Detection Bypass Jailbreak Detection Bypass Jailbreak Detection Bypass Many iOS apps won’t run if they detect a jailbroken phone. With Frida, you can hook and override the detection method: jailbroken Frida Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "jailbreakDetectionFunction"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log("Bypassed jailbreak check!"); // Force return a 'clean' status } }); Interceptor.attach(Module.findExportByName(null, "jailbreakDetectionFunction"), { onEnter: function (args) { console.log("Bypassed jailbreak check!"); // Force return a 'clean' status } }); Attackers can run the app on compromised devices and rummage through data or hooks. Sensitive Data in System Logs Sensitive Data in System Logs Sensitive Data in System Logs 2023-03-09 12:34:56.789 MyApp[1234:5678] Payment info: card_number=4111111111111111 2023-03-09 12:34:56.789 MyApp[1234:5678] session_token=abc123XYZ987 2023-03-09 12:34:56.789 MyApp[1234:5678] Payment info: card_number=4111111111111111 2023-03-09 12:34:56.789 MyApp[1234:5678] session_token=abc123XYZ987 On jailbroken devices—or via external log collection—attackers harvest sensitive data directly. Common Challenges in Mobile Pentesting Common Challenges in Mobile Pentesting Platform Fragmentation: Android devices vary widely in OS versions, custom ROMs, and manufacturer modifications, making testing complex. Application Security Measures: Features like SSL pinning, root/jailbreak detection, and obfuscation can hinder pentesting. Limited Access to Source Code: Black-box testing often requires reverse engineering with tools like APKTool or JADX, which can be time-consuming. Dynamic Analysis Restrictions: Sandboxing, memory protection, and the need for rooted/jailbroken devices complicate real-world workflow tests. Network Security and Traffic Inspection: SSL pinning, certificate validation, or VPNs might prevent standard MITM proxies. Tools like Frida, Burp Suite, and mitmproxy become essential for bypass. Platform Fragmentation: Android devices vary widely in OS versions, custom ROMs, and manufacturer modifications, making testing complex. Platform Fragmentation Application Security Measures: Features like SSL pinning, root/jailbreak detection, and obfuscation can hinder pentesting. Application Security Measures Limited Access to Source Code: Black-box testing often requires reverse engineering with tools like APKTool or JADX, which can be time-consuming. Limited Access to Source Code Dynamic Analysis Restrictions: Sandboxing, memory protection, and the need for rooted/jailbroken devices complicate real-world workflow tests. Dynamic Analysis Restrictions Network Security and Traffic Inspection: SSL pinning, certificate validation, or VPNs might prevent standard MITM proxies. Tools like Frida, Burp Suite, and mitmproxy become essential for bypass. Network Security and Traffic Inspection Frida Burp Suite mitmproxy Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) What is mobile pentesting? It’s testing how secure a mobile app is by simulating real-world attacks—looking for any cracks before the attackers do. Why is mobile pentesting important? Because smartphones hold a huge amount of personal and financial data, they are prime targets for cybercriminals. What are the main steps? Set up a controlled environment, do static analysis (SAST), do dynamic analysis (DAST), document findings, and retest after fixes. What tools do I need? Burp Suite or ZAP for traffic interception, MobSF for scans, APKTool/JADX (Android), Class-Dump/Hopper (iOS), plus hooking tools like Frida or Objection. How often should we pentest? After major updates, new features, or significant infrastructure changes. Ideally, integrate it into CI/CD for continuous checks. What are common vulnerabilities? Insecure data storage, no HTTPS, hardcoded secrets, poor session management, and misconfigured APIs. Can everything be automated? Not really. Tools can automate some scans, but manual testing uncovers trickier logic flaws or complex business rules. Do we need to test both Android and iOS? Yes, each has unique security models and pitfalls. Is it legal to pentest? Absolutely, if you have explicit permission from the app owner. Otherwise, it’s illegal. Where do I start? Study the OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide (MASTG), learn basic reversing, and practice with open-source apps or sample targets. What is mobile pentesting? It’s testing how secure a mobile app is by simulating real-world attacks—looking for any cracks before the attackers do. What is mobile pentesting? What is mobile pentesting? It’s testing how secure a mobile app is by simulating real-world attacks—looking for any cracks before the attackers do. Why is mobile pentesting important? Because smartphones hold a huge amount of personal and financial data, they are prime targets for cybercriminals. Why is mobile pentesting important? Why is mobile pentesting important? Because smartphones hold a huge amount of personal and financial data, they are prime targets for cybercriminals. What are the main steps? Set up a controlled environment, do static analysis (SAST), do dynamic analysis (DAST), document findings, and retest after fixes. What are the main steps? What are the main steps? Set up a controlled environment, do static analysis (SAST), do dynamic analysis (DAST), document findings, and retest after fixes. Set up a controlled environment, do static analysis (SAST), do dynamic analysis (DAST), document findings, and retest after fixes. What tools do I need? Burp Suite or ZAP for traffic interception, MobSF for scans, APKTool/JADX (Android), Class-Dump/Hopper (iOS), plus hooking tools like Frida or Objection. What tools do I need? What tools do I need? Burp Suite or ZAP for traffic interception, MobSF for scans, APKTool/JADX (Android), Class-Dump/Hopper (iOS), plus hooking tools like Frida or Objection. How often should we pentest? After major updates, new features, or significant infrastructure changes. Ideally, integrate it into CI/CD for continuous checks. How often should we pentest? How often should we pentest? After major updates, new features, or significant infrastructure changes. Ideally, integrate it into CI/CD for continuous checks. What are common vulnerabilities? Insecure data storage, no HTTPS, hardcoded secrets, poor session management, and misconfigured APIs. What are common vulnerabilities? What are common vulnerabilities? Insecure data storage, no HTTPS, hardcoded secrets, poor session management, and misconfigured APIs. Can everything be automated? Not really. Tools can automate some scans, but manual testing uncovers trickier logic flaws or complex business rules. Can everything be automated? Can everything be automated? Not really. Tools can automate some scans, but manual testing uncovers trickier logic flaws or complex business rules. Do we need to test both Android and iOS? Yes, each has unique security models and pitfalls. Do we need to test both Android and iOS? Do we need to test both Android and iOS? Yes, each has unique security models and pitfalls. Is it legal to pentest? Absolutely, if you have explicit permission from the app owner. Otherwise, it’s illegal. Is it legal to pentest? Is it legal to pentest? Absolutely, if you have explicit permission from the app owner. Otherwise, it’s illegal. Where do I start? Study the OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide (MASTG), learn basic reversing, and practice with open-source apps or sample targets. Where do I start? Where do I start? Study the OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide (MASTG), learn basic reversing, and practice with open-source apps or sample targets. OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide (MASTG) Conclusion Conclusion Mobile pentesting is like a grand quest—you start by gathering gear (tools and devices), then scout the terrain (SAST), and finally take a hands-on approach (DAST) to find every weak spot. By doing this regularly and reporting your findings, you’ll keep your apps solid and your users safe. quest scout take a hands-on approach Remember: software evolves every day, and so do threats. Make pentesting a continuous part of your development lifecycle—because the best way to secure a kingdom is by never letting your guard down. ontinuous About the Author About the Author This article was prepared by Anastasiia Tolkachova, a Security Testing Engineer at Sekurno, and reviewed by Alex Rozhniatovskyi, the CTO of Sekurno. Anastasiia has over five years of hands-on experience in penetration testing and security assessments. She specializes in testing web applications, infrastructure (both on-premises and cloud), and mobile platforms (iOS and Android). Her expertise spans Black Box, Grey Box, and White Box methodologies, alongside proficiency in vulnerability assessments and source code security reviews. Anastasiia Tolkachova Anastasiia Tolkachova Sekurno Sekurno Alex Rozhniatovskyi Alex Rozhniatovskyi Sekurno Anastasiia Alex has seven years of experience in development and cybersecurity. He is an AWS Open-source Contributor dedicated to advancing secure coding practices. His expertise bridges the gap between software development and security, providing valuable insights into protecting modern web applications. Alex Mobile Pentesting Guide: References Mobile Pentesting Guide: References Tools and Resources Tools and Resources Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF Apktool jadx Burp Suite Frida Drozer objection Genymotion Corellium Virtual Hardware appledb.dev reFlutter platform-tools Magisk Root Checker checkra1n unc0ver Filza Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF Apktool Apktool jadx jadx Burp Suite Burp Suite Frida Frida Drozer Drozer objection objection Genymotion Genymotion Corellium Virtual Hardware Corellium Virtual Hardware appledb.dev appledb.dev reFlutter reFlutter platform-tools platform-tools Magisk Magisk Root Checker Root Checker checkra1n checkra1n unc0ver unc0ver Filza Filza Guides and Articles Guides and Articles OWASP Mobile Top 10 OWASP Mobile Application Security OWASP MASTG NIST SP 800-163 Download and install Android Studio Configuring an Android device to work with Burp Suite Configuring an iOS device to work with Burp Suite Professional Hacking Xamarin apps OWASP Mobile Top 10 OWASP Mobile Top 10 OWASP Mobile Application Security OWASP Mobile Application Security OWASP MASTG OWASP MASTG NIST SP 800-163 NIST SP 800-163 Download and install Android Studio Download and install Android Studio Configuring an Android device to work with Burp Suite Configuring an Android device to work with Burp Suite Configuring an iOS device to work with Burp Suite Professional Configuring an iOS device to work with Burp Suite Professional Hacking Xamarin apps Hacking Xamarin apps