The market for e-waste recycling in Germany continues to be characterised by relatively low arising volumes and rising costs. Revenues generated from the recycled materials are still below last year's high level but have not declined any further in recent months.

WEEE treatment gate fees in German reflect increased costs

Households in Tipperary are being urged to clear out their homes of e-waste and to pay attention to items which are usually overlooked.

Tipp households urged to stem the tide of invisible e-waste

Pippa Henneberry, Lexi Hunter, Charlie Tuohy, and TJ Cullen from Scoil Mochaomhóg Naofa in Tipperary celebrate being crowned Battery Recycling Champions in WEEE Ireland’s Schools Battery Recycling competition, which launched again recently. Visit weeeireland.ie for more information.

Tipp’s battery recycling champs!

While companies worldwide have added to the e-waste menace, some firms have rolled out initiatives to tackle the same. For example, aluminium and copper manufacturer Hindalco Industries has planned to invest `2,000 crore to develop a copper and e-waste recycling facility.

Tackling the e-waste menace: Not only is e-waste being tackled by companies, there are dedicated startups for it

Quaid has previously shared about the transformation God brought to his life. In an interview, he told PEOPLE that, early in his career, he checked himself into rehab for a drug addiction.

Dennis Quaid Shares How the Holy Spirit Is at Work in Him

A plastic bottle takes approximately five seconds to produce in a factory. It takes around five minutes for you to drink and put it in the bin. This plastic bottle can then stay in our environment for five hundred years.

Caroline Ansell: ‘Embracing a circular economy would promote efficiency and protect our natural environment’

Actress Danica McKellar recently shared an unusual tip for anxious people—just "throw your hands up and say 'weee.'"

Danica McKellar’s Unusual Advice for Beating Stress: ‘Say Weee’

The most-coveted 'Overall Pakman Award’ was claimed by The Killarney Park & The Ross, This remarkable initiative was devised to advance a circular economy in the area by reducing waste, garnering participation from 25 local independent coffee shops and 21 hotels,

The 2023 Pakman Award winners have been announced

As latest figures show 85% increase in electrical equipment sold since 2013, environmental organisations call for revision of WEEE Directive

Environmental coalition say EU WEEE rules ‘not fit for purpose’

According to IDC, the Global DataSphere is expected to generate 291ZB of data in 2027. Finding ways to recycle the world’s hard drive waste has therefore become a particularly pressing concern for the data storage industry. We have a critical part to play in operating more sustainably, and there are multiple ways to achieve this.

Why tackling e-waste is mission critical for the data storage industry

Weee!

weee

Learning Programming: Bewitched by Brilliant Gamification (A Sort of Product Review of Brilliant)

প্রোগ্রামিং শেখা: ব্রিলিয়ান্ট গ্যামিফিকেশন দ্বারা বিমোহিত (ব্রিলিয়ান্টের পণ্য পর্যালোচনার একটি সাজানো)

Programmieren lernen: Verzaubert von Brilliant Gamification (Eine Art Produktrezension von Brilliant)

Aprendiendo a programar: fascinado por la gamificación de Brilliant (una especie de reseña de producto de Brilliant)

Apprendre la programmation : envoûté par la gamification brillante (une sorte de revue de produit de Brilliant)

प्रोग्रामिंग सीखना: ब्रिलियंट गेमिफिकेशन से मोहित (ब्रिलियंट की एक तरह की उत्पाद समीक्षा)

プログラミング学習: Brilliant のゲーミフィケーションに魅了される (Brilliant の製品レビューのようなもの)

프로그래밍 학습: 뛰어난 게임화에 매료되다(뛰어난 제품에 대한 일종의 리뷰)

Aprendendo Programação: Enfeitiçado pela Gamificação Brilhante (Uma Espécie de Análise de Produto da Brilliant)

Обучение программированию: очарованные блестящей геймификацией (своего рода обзор продукта Brilliant)

Programlama Öğrenme: Brilliant Gamification'ın Büyüsü (Brilliant'ın Bir Tür Ürün İncelemesi)

Học lập trình: Mê mẩn với Gamification tuyệt vời (Một dạng đánh giá sản phẩm của Brilliant)

学习编程：着迷于 Brilliant 游戏化（Brilliant 的一种产品评论）

As the project's leader, you must be ready to risk shareholders’ money and your own bonus in order to take on a compelling new business venture. Having a remote team in the project will lower expenses and make hiring easier. However, it will definitely lead to many operational challenges. Let's talk about how to address these. Why it is worth choosing a remote team If your company continues to employ office-based workers, a new project might be a good opportunity to try the remote model. The ability to work from home is the new ‘office biscuit’ that the team will appreciate more than free coffee and company fitness. And yes, it means you can pay less. They are unlikely to leave your remote office for a competitor just to get 10-20% more. Additionally, the hiring pool will expand to include new regions or even countries where life is cheaper and candidates' salary expectations are lower. Set up two options for the expense budget: with the participation of the office team and the remote team. Try both amounts on your project, which probably looks good on paper but has not yet passed the test of harsh reality. Opt for remote. Hiring remotely Even if you have a business plan for the project and a described MVP, with potential new team members and look at the project from a new angle. Whether you are talking to candidates inside or outside the company, you should ask them the following questions: use interviews to retest your hypotheses Is the product we have come up with viable? Will we achieve the result on time? Are we organizing the workflow correctly? The answers to these questions will reveal more about the interviewer than a summary and general words about motivation and career goals. Talk more about the goals of the new project than the specific tasks of the employee, even if you are filling a grassroots position. If you and your department HR have never recruited for remote teams, contact a recruiting agency. Hiring people you may never meet offline is a special experience where you can make some costly mistakes. Building a team Keep in mind that teammates on a remote team frequently have little to no interests outside of work. They don't go out to dinner together, they don't share a Qashqai to get to work, and they don't have any laughs to exchange from the past New Year's company party. Other than the project, nothing connects them. It means that this connection must be very strong and obvious. If you demonstrate that you truly value everyone's perspective, the remote team members will be more likely to share their thoughts with you. of your decisions and choices that is acceptable, and use anonymous surveys to gather feedback at least once every three months. Don't forget to do exit interviews with people who have been fired and, most significantly, those who have left on their own. Increase the level of criticism . The most influential factor— informal communication — is almost entirely excluded, Zoom conferences are unable to transmit the full range of intonations, facial expressions, and gestures. As a result, you have very few methods for gathering information from employees. Therefore, you will need to overcome your own fears and develop the ability to directly ask hard questions. It is crucial that remote teams' working relationships are transparent Supervision and task-trackers Most likely, you are familiar with the services used to manage the work of remote teams. Various time trackers and supervision programs have been placed on work PCs in many firms since the first lockdown of 2020 because these companies believe that such methods of work monitoring are ethical. If you think someone completes daily activities in six instead of eight hours, you should consider why this bothers you at all. Most certainly, the inadequate or inaccurate description of the work responsibilities and the desired outcome is what's causing the worry. And for this reason, you can't tell whether your staff members are genuinely doing a decent job. It is preferable to tackle the issue from a different angle and outline the participants' responsibilities for the new project in such a way that they want to ‘switch on the stopwatch’ is permanently gone. ✅ Using any of the well-known task organizers, such as , , , , or , you may keep track of task progress and assess the quality of work. Trello Asana Jira Weeek Redmine Building routine and communication It is preferable to build a set of routine work in a hierarchically organized business using ‘ ’ and ‘ . horizontals verticals’ ⬆️ . You should decide what outcome the employee's immediate supervisor gets, and in what format and terms. Upward vertical ⬇️ . The desired outcome of the task should be understood by both the employer and the employees. Downward vertical As a result, the following should be included in job planning: the conditions and sequence of approvals; evaluation of the effectiveness of the employee's job; assignment of new duties and distribution of them among the team. ⬅️ ➡️ . The team communication process, including relationships with other departments, must be described in detail. Remote teams share the same traits as office teams when it comes to the divide into ‘us’ and ‘them’. There should therefore be little to no room for assigning blame for a partial or local failure. At each point, the timing and process for the transfer of work between individuals and departments should be documented, and this paperwork should be made available to everyone involved. Correcting this communication process is acceptable, especially after a big ‘horizontal’ conflict. Horizontal What else is crucial to take into account 🗓 . Ask each team member to post in the general chat at the start of the working day the tasks they plan to complete today if you don't have time for regular morning Zoom meetings. Daily planning ⚖️ . Make sure no one is working too much, especially if the project is meant to last years rather than months. Talk to folks who post in chats after work hours to reduce their chances of burning out after several months of remote work. Work-life balance 💯 . Those who are used to working from home are unlikely to return to the office. Global corporations like IBM and Yahoo learned this lesson before the pandemic, wasting tens of millions of dollars between 2013 and 2017. There is no need to make those expensive mistakes only to get first-hand experience. Remote work is once and forever 🎯 . This is the ultimate truth, a way to dispel uncertainty and settle conflicts. If you have to make ‘hidden zones’ on the road map that only you know about, keep in mind that doing so could cost you dearly in terms of decreased productivity and disloyalty. All team members should always have access to your product roadmap

Why Launching a New Project with a Remote Team Is a Good Idea

The Man Who Fell Out of the Sky

Part II: And so it begins I am very excited to announce the launch of a new programming magazine called . It’s been a dream of mine for many years, and thanks to our successful newsletter , it is now one step closer to becoming a reality. Human Readable Magazine Morning Cup of Coding The magazine, which follows the spirit of the newsletter, is a collection of high quality programming deep dives from all fields of programming written by very talented industry veterans like Jonathan Boccara, Michael Caini, and Laura Summers. [Read Part I here] . The first issue is out now for free But for us to make this happen we need your help. We recently launched to help us fund the first three issues of the magazine. a Kickstarter campaign Check the project out, and if you like what you see, and I’m pretty confident you will, consider supporting us and/or spreading the word. Either way, thank you for stopping by. This is the second part of a two-part series on how this all began. Enjoy. And so it begins It’s January 2016 and it’s snowing outside. At 2AM on a Sunday I am at my local deli grabbing my third coffee. It’s going to be another sleepless night chasing a deadline; such is the nature of video game development. Back at my apartment I’m staring at my computer monitor waiting for the latest version of our game to build. The PC is firing all 4 cores and provides enough heat to warm my feet while I browse the internet looking for something interesting to read. SEVERE WEATHER REPORT: DUE TO INCOMING SNOW STORM ALL MANHATTAN BOUND TRAINS ARE DISABLED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE It’s Sunday, it’s the yellow line, it’s MTA; any one of those is reason enough for the trains to not be running. A severe weather storm in New York only means that the city works from home. Nothing stops but schools. Let’s see. I’ve already went through Reddit this morning, my RSS feed is empty since this evening, and Twitter is still mostly noise. What’s my next option? Hacker News? Too lazy to filter. Dev.to? Too lazy to filter. Lobste.rs? Too lazy to filter. DZone? They have editors. Too lazy to filter. The build is done. It isn’t snowing anymore. The temperature went from cold to mildly cold. Let’s do a quick test of the build. One tap here, another tap there; the bug seems to be fixed. Commit, create pull request, assign teammates, and off it goes to be reviewed by another sleepless developer. Checkout, pull, branch, and on to the next one. May 2016. It’s sunny, but not sunny enough to be warm. That’s not for another three months in New York. Or the next day. Nobody can tell. I’m sitting at my local coffee shop with our new CTO. The new new CTO. Or is it COO at this point? The company has shrunk so much, everybody is doing everything. I’d rather do everything from home. At least this way I don’t have to deal with the weather, or the day/night cycle for that matter. “I need you at the office Pek” I know. But I can’t handle the stress. Not anymore. “Would I need to stay past 8PM?” I knew the answer. “Yes” I didn’t even go to pick up my stuff. Those expensive Game AI books which I had to carry one day when there was a fire in the building are now theirs. I’m not gonna need them anymore. Time to give my resume a makeover. Oh look, it’s raining now. July 2016. It’s sunny, enough to be warm. But I don’t get to enjoy it because I’ve been in my lawyer’s office since this morning and I haven’t had my coffee yet. “So you are leaving software development to open up a restaurant?” Yes. “In New York?” Yes. “Are you aware of how risky this is?” No. “And stressful.” Ha. Please. “In my professional opinion this isn’t a good deal. I would advise you to either wait for a better opportunity, or go back to software development.” Signed here, signed there, copy for me, copy for them, thank you for the keys, goodbye. February 2017. It’s 5PM and it’s pouring outside. I’m alone at my cafe. Haven’t had a single customer since 2PM. It a bad deal. was My RSS feed, even with 800 sources, is empty. Refresh. Empty. Refresh. Empty. “Oh to hell with it. I’ll start my own magazine.” “What is this, the 3rd time I’m attempting it?” It was the 5th. “ At least with my own magazine I can guarantee I will like everything I read.” It stopped raining. There’s a customer at the door. “How may I serve you tonight? Cappuccino? You sure you don’t want a simple coffee?” June 2017. Still raining for some reason. No, there is a reason, but I don’t have time to worry about that now. I need authors. “I want to start a magazine. I’ve been reading your blog for ages and I really want you.” I need to work on my communication skills. “Compensation?” Weeeell… “ Audience?” Uhm… “Net 10 or Net 30?” What does that even mean? “Where do you think I should start then?” I hear thunderstorms. This is just a hick up. This is not the end. This is just a hick up. “A newsletter?” Those thunderstorms never came close to my area, but I could still hear them lurking just around the corner. What’s a newsletter? May 2018. Friday. Luckily for us, it’s sunny outside. I am at the cafe and all three of my staff are serving customers. All three family members, who sacrificed everything to make this cafe work, are tired and exhilarated at the same time. Such is the nature of the restaurant business. I have to go though. Today’s the 10th issue of my newsletter and it’s time to give it some exposure. There are enough issues for people to get the gist of it and subscribe if they like it. I still can’t believe I already have 40 readers. Where did they come from? Are my emails stuck in their SPAM folder? I have no idea. TinyLetter isn’t really helpful. But it’s free, so I can’t complain. It’s almost 12AM. Is it too late? Too early? When do people check Hacker News? Whatever, let’s just do it. URL looks fine. Title, not bad. OK, URL definitely is fine. Maybe this is a better title? OK, URL is still pointing at the right address. Fuck it. I’m posting. 12:05 AM. Nothing yet. Maybe it’s time for bed. 12:07 AM. Still nothing. I mean, what did I expect? 12:12 AM. Not even a single up vote? 12:12:30 AM. A single up vote. And a new subscriber. Finally some movement! 12:15 AM. Nothing. That’s it. I should be happy I got any. 12:30 AM. Nothing. But I’m not happy. 01:00 AM. 30 up votes. 60 new subscribers. Google Analytics is trending upwards. Oh, so you thought you would be sleeping tonight? Silly brain. 02:00 AM. 90 up votes. 600 new subscribers. I need coffee. 04:00 AM. 120 up votes. 1,800 new subscribers. Google Analytics says I have 10,000% increase in traffic. You don’t have to be smug about it. 05:49 AM. The sun is rising. It’s the best weather in years. At least that’s what my brain is telling me. But my brain isn’t working right now. 140 up votes. 3,000 new subscribers. Front page on Hacker News. I need another coffee. But my legs aren’t working either. I crash. March 2019. We are finally out of the winter slumber. This is the first year I hadn’t had to let go any of my staff to make it through. The weather? No time for that. I need to ready the cafe for next morning, close the register, pay everybody, and get back home in time before I send out the latest issue of my newsletter. Oh god. I didn’t have time to go through my feeds yet. I have one hour. I can do this. It’s only 800 articles. No, no, no, no, maybe. No, no, no, no, maybe. No, no, no, no, maybe? No, no, there’s one! No, no, no, no, no. Open OneNote, copy URL, copy title, write a short summary, re-write the summary, create a new campaign, copy to MailChimp, re-write the summary, format it, aaaand it’s off. 3 hours late. This isn’t working. I need a tool to help me. Let’s see. What language should I learn this time? Is Ruby still alive? April 2019. It just stopped raining. The sun came out hastily as if it didn’t want us to notice it wasn’t there. I just finished training our new staff member. Well, OK, my sister did. I’m too busy going through my now 1,200 article queue. But my tinder-like tool makes going through them as fast as I’m rejected in the actual Tinder app. Swipe, swipe, swipe. Create, edit, send. Boom. Issue’s schedule for tomorrow. Did I mention that I have a Patreon now? People are amazing on the internet. In some parts of it anyway. We also did a few collaborations with some of the authors I feature in my newsletter. And companies even sponsored a few issues. Does this mean… Can I… Is it possible to make money off of this? But I’m bad at marketing. I can’t grow my audience to save my life. I plateaued at 3,000 subscribers ever since the Hacker News incident. Unless… I wonder what would happen if I tried that again. May 2019. We are now at 6,000 subscribers. Front page of Hacker News for the second time. This is a sign. I better move to the side before I hit my head and get an epiphany. I just realized that this year we barely felt the winter. And this was the third day in a row with no clouds in sight. My phone is ringing. It’s an old friend from Greece. Haven’t spoke to him since last year. I wonder what he’s been up to. “What magazine?” Oh, right. The magazine. I look up at the sign I almost hit. “Hazard ahead. Round About.” June 2019. It’s almost summer. It’s gonna stay almost summer for most of the summer. So here’s the plan: I’m gonna ask some authors to write for me… again. I have the audience. I have… some money. This time it’s gonna work. “That’s for 500 words only?” So here’s the plan: I’m gonna start a Kickstarter campaign. We’ll show the newsletter and hope people see our vision. We’ll get funding and then I’ll talk to authors…again…again. “Kickstarter needs a working demo?” So here’s the plan: I’m gonna go back to the authors and ask them to write for me. This time I’m gonna beg. Harder than before. Maybe I sob a little. Then, I’m gonna create the first issue. And I’m gonna start a Kickstarter campaign. We’ll get funding and off we go. then “It’s August already?” Panic Mode: Activated. Wallets: Laughing at me. Weather: Surprisingly calm. “We’re gonna need more time.” But. But. I don’t have time. Even if the campaign is a success, I need to build the back end to support payments, users, content. Then I need authors, illustrators, copywriters. Then I need a layout designer, a printer, logistics. Did I mention that it’s August already? “…” “We’re gonna need more time” So here’s the plan: Epilogue Thank you for taking the time to read this all the way through. It’s been an incredible 3 years full of new experiences. I had the pleasure of working with some amazingly talented people. If you are a software developer, I am confident that you will like what we made. We poured our heart and souls into this project and it shows. If you want to see this story, our story, continue, please consider supporting us . We have some amazing rewards, including a Kickstarter Exclusive Issue, that we think you’ll love. on Kickstarter If Kickstarter isn’t an option for you, and there are good reasons for that, then consider spreading the word. You can share our announcements on , , , hell, even on . Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Instagram Thanks again. I’ll see you in a month. pek

Why I’m Launching a New Programming Magazine in 2020 [Part II]

Proven Ten Steps to Win at Life Right Here… Type-A hyperactive overachievers love being productive. However, there’s a difference between “being busy” and “achieving your goals.” The former leads to burnout because you’re running out of energy on the hamster wheel of forced overachievement. The second is a methodical way of achieving the things you set out to do without sacrificing your health and happiness. The second one is way more fun wouldn’t you say? Thought so. Let’s talk about creating that process for you. 1. Create a BHAG The first thing you should do is create a BHAG. A BHAG is a Big. Hairy. Audacious. Goal. It’s something way too ambitious and way too big. It should be something almost unreachable. However, it should also be something that make you think: “If I maybe I’ll get there”. really put in the work, It should also be such a big goal that even if you got halfway there, your life would be completely different. Take a goal like “Make a Million Dollars.” That’s very ambitious, but it’s not like people haven’t put in the work and become millionaires. And even if you only made $500,000 that’s a pretty good chunk of change that you should be proud of. 2. Write Your Goals Down You can’t skip this step. This is the most important step because if they’re not written down, they don’t exist in the real world. They only exist in your thoughts. These are the same thoughts that thought the floor was lava and that there used to be a particularly generous fairy with a tooth fetish that visited you in your sleep. Neither of those thoughts are real, and your goals won’t be either unless you write them down. 3. Create Action Tasks Based on Your Goals The downside of huge goals is that they look immediately unattainable and difficult. How you overcome that obstacle is by breaking the goal into actionable steps you can take every day. For instance, if your goal is to write a novel then figure out what actions you need to take, starting at the end. , but it bears repeating. A short novel is about 60,000 words. Let’s take and assume that your first draft will be 10% longer. So you’ll have to write 66,000 words. I’ve touched on this before Stephen King’s advice If you break it down then you could finish your novel in 66 days if you wrote 1,000 words per day. Even if you only committed to 500 words per day that novel would only take you 132 days to write. That’s only 4.3 months! Assume that editing, designing a cover and publishing your book takes an extra month and you can still publish your first novel in less than half a year. That’s the thing about action tasks. They make the goal look easy to achieve. 4. Make It Your Most Important Thing Of the Day However, taking action is also hard. The normal day will wear you down. LOOK AT ALL THIS BULLSHIT WORK I HAVE TO DO! Other work and obligations will demand all of your time and at the end of the day you simply don’t have the energy to stick to your action task. That’s why it’s best to make your action tasks of the day. the most important tasks If you truly believe they are the most important, then you’ll make sure to do them first, before the world gets to you. 5. Make it a Habit If you make your action tasks your most important tasks of the day and you stick to them, then sooner or later they’ll become a habit. Do something often enough in a row and you’ll forget that you ever did things differently. 6. Create “If This Then That Statements” Creating a habit is easier said than done, something Leo Babuta of Zen Habits has talked about before: Triggers are a little-known key to forming a new habit (or breaking an old one). A trigger is an event that will kick off that automatic urge to do a habit. For example, smokers have a number of triggers — when they drink alcohol or coffee, many smokers will want to smoke. But this works for positive habits as well. You want to create events that trigger your habit. That means every time you do a specific thing, another thing should naturally occur next. The most basic form of this is: Wake Up > Brush Teeth. What you want to do is create events that make your habit the next logical thing to do. The worst If This, Then That statement is Check Email > Put Out Fires. There goes your whole morning. Instead, try to make your trigger something more like this: Sit at Computer > Do Most Important Task If a computer is irrelevant towards reaching your goal then substitute it for something else. For instance, if you want to write a song every day then your trigger could be: Finish breakfast > Pick up instrument to write. 7. Use a Pomodoro Timer I personally believe that the internet revolution has created a sense of ADD in everyone. The twitch to check your email is like a tick that never goes away. Your Facebook page is just a …. command away because your browser autocompletes your addiction for you. CMD + T + Face The thing is, you waste so much valuable time being addicted to the internet that you risk your entire BHAG in the process. I’m . Let’s be real…..***nervous laughter*** not advocating complete sobriety here I couldn’t go a day without checking my email and Facebook. I’m only advocating being a little more efficient about it. Enter the Pomodoro Timer. I’ve talked about this in a on my site, but it’s basically an app that counts down 25 minutes and then gives you a five minute break. past 10Weekly I’m using it right now. It just hit 8:55….54….53…whatever. The point is, your addiction doesn’t take much time to soothe. Use the five minute break to check all the social media you need and take a quick peak at your email to make sure there aren’t any emergencies. There weren’t any emergencies were there? Do a couple 25 minute intense work sessions and you’ll be amazed at all the things you get done before noon. 8. Create Accountability A couple years ago I made a goal of publishing that following year. eBooks about music and audio To make me take myself a little more seriously I posted this on Facebook. Although I doubt people would come egg my house if I didn’t reach my goal (weeeeell……maybe some…) it’s more of a mental motivator for myself than anything else. However, that motivation worked. I’ve published five eBooks since then, most of them around 25,000 words: and on Amazon, and as training courses with complementary videos. Get More Gigs Step By Step Mixing Drum Mix Toolkit, Better Mixes in Less Time and EQ Strategies Another way of keeping myself accountable are my weekly meetings with a few colleagues. We help keep each other on track and accountable for our actions. I highly recommend finding someone you can bounce ideas off. It’s very rewarding to be able to talk about your successes and failures every week with likeminded people that understand what you’re going through as an entrepreneur. 9. Say No A big part of reaching your goals is to say no to other people’s goals. The downside of being so hyper-connected is that everyone has easy access to you. That means you get bombarded with other people’s issues all day that they feel you should take care of. If you’re really serious about reaching then other people’s issues shouldn’t be your priority. You can get to them when you get to them, but don’t let them zap the energy you need to get your goals your most important task done. You don’t have to say no all the time. Another way of saying no is to simply ignore everybody until your most important task is done. Then you can open up the floodgates of other people’s issues. 10. Stop and Research to Re-Energize You’ll inevitably hit a wall. It’s the place you feel stuck. Where you feel like everything you’ve done is useless and stupid. You’ll look back at all your work and want to hit the delete button. Before you’re overcome by the impulse to slash your paintings, break your instruments and CTRL + A — Delete your code just take a minute and do some research. If you do any sort of creative work, chances are other people have been there before. Research other people’s success stories. Listen to podcasts about your industry. Read inspiring books that tell you how it’s a perfectly normal state to be in. Then get back to work on your goal! If you liked this article, give me some claps and please share it with others! P.S. I’m an email marketing expert that helps you grow your email list, generate ideas for engaging content and drive sales with your email marketing. Get Your Awesome Emails Manifesto and learn how to get 100 email subscribers/day in only 6 easy steps.

The Easy But Powerful Process That Crush Your Huge Goals

I’m celebrating my 1-year anniversary with IBM today. Wow, that sounds weird when I read it in my head. Sounds like I just started dating my girlfriend or something. What better way to celebrate my first year than to write a post on how to deploy your custom 🍌(.bna) file to IBM Starter Plan? But before we begin, let me show you a sneak peak of what you will build. I want to make sure this blog is worth your time. P.S. I haven’t written a blog since February, so excuse my rusty ⌨️. Blockchain Preview The goal is to build an auction app. This app will be controlled by a composer-rest-server (i.e. a Swagger UI). You will add members, put up offers, and ultimately close the bidding in this app, and the UI will respond by showing the item as ‘ ’, as shown below: Sold The final step in this app is to close the bidding. Commands are given using the (composer-rest-server) Swagger UI. For each successful request you give using the composer-rest-server, the chaincode will be invoked, and you will be able to see the chaincode logs on the IBM Blockchain platform as shown below. The logs will persist as long as you have your blockchain service running on the cloud. Checking chaincode logs after making requests with the composer-rest-server. Context Like my other blog posts, the underlying technology in focus is the Hyperledger Fabric framework. It’s a framework that strives to advance cross-industry blockchain technology. If you are not familiar with please do some research before reading this post. Hyperledger Fabric What I will help you do today is deploy your custom 🍌 file to the IBM Cloud, and show you how to submit transactions to your blockchain network through a composer-rest-server. In the end of the blog, you should be able to view chaincode logs using the IBM Blockchain platform that were submitted from the composer-rest-server. Also, from now on, when I use the 🍌 emoji, I am referring to the .bna file. Your 🍌 file encompasses all your business logic (or smart contracts, or chaincode) into one file that is able to be installed on the peers of an organization. Once you install this file on the peers, you can start the , and perform transactions based on the rules from the 🍌 file. If you want to learn more about creating .bna files, check out this . network tutorial Prerequisites Free IBM Cloud account and Node installed (this blog is tested with node version 8.10.0) NPM If you have used other versions of composer-cli, or have deployed a .bna file before, run these commands: $ npm uninstall -g composer-rest-server $ rm -rf ~/.composer $ rm *.card $ rm -rf credentials/ 4. (Optional — if you have errors due to docker containers that are already running): $ docker kill $(docker ps -q) $ docker rm $(docker ps -aq) $ docker rmi $(docker images -q) 5. This step is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT. Starter Plan ONLY works with Composer version 0.19.4. I have answered this in many posts. So I will say it again. Check your composer version with this command: Starter Plan ONLY works with Composer version 0.19.4. $ composer -v If you see ‘v0.19.4’ you are 👍🏼. Otherwise, uninstall Composer: $ npm uninstall -g composer-cli And then install Composer version 0.19.4: $ npm install -g composer-cli@0.19.4 Step 1: create 🍌 file First we need to clone a repo that contains the three components that are needed to make a 🍌 file: a logic file**(.js) (.cto) (.acl)** file. , a model file , and an access control Clone the repo which has these three files, and a fully functioning business network $ git clone https://github.com/IBM/BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney.git 2. go into Composer directory, and create .bna file. $ cd BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney/Composer $ npm install If this command fails, check that you have the right Node version (should be 8.10.0) and npm v 5.6.0. 3. Now you should have a 🍌 file, ( ), that is in your directory. events.bna BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney/Composer/dist Step 2: create blockchain service In your browser go to your shiny new IBM Cloud account: https://console.bluemix.net/dashboard/apps Create a blockchain service: Create a blockchain service on IBM Cloud. Step 3: get the secret Launch your blockchain service, and click on connection profile, and view as raw JSON Scroll all the way down until you see “registrar” and then under “enrollId” will be “enrollSecret”. Copy this secret, we will need it for the next step Inside the blockchain platform, go to the connection profile, and get the enrollSecret and copy it. Step 4: use secret to get certificates from the certificate authority (CA) Go back and instead of viewing as raw JSON, download the connection profile. rename the downloaded JSON file to ‘connection-profile.json’ Move the connection-profile.json file to the directory BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney Using the from the previous step issue this command to create a business network card for the certificate authority (CA). This command assumes my is ‘123456789’, enrollSecret enrollSecret but yours is likely different. $ composer card create -f ca.card -p connection-profile.json -u admin -s 123456789 5. Import the card with this command $ composer card import -f ca.card -c ca 6. Finally, we request certificates from the CA using the card we imported that contains our . The certificates are stored in the credentials directory that is created after the completion of this command. enrollSecret $   composer identity request --card ca --path ./credentials -u admin -s 123456789 Step 5: Use ‘admin-pub.pem’ file to add certificates to the peers Back in the blockchain service, click on the members tab, then add certificate. Go to your directory, and copy and paste the contents of the ‘admin-pub.pem’ file in the certificate box. Submit the certificate and restart the peers. Note: restarting the peers takes a minute. BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney/credentials Adding certificates to members and restarting the peers. 2. Next, we need to synchronize the certificates of the channel. From our blockchain service, under ‘my network’ click on ‘Channels’ and then the three-dot button. Then click ‘Sync Certificate’. Sync certificates of the channel. Step 6: create admin business network card Now that we have synced certificates with our peers, we can install the Hyperledger Composer runtime and start the network by creating an admin card. Create the admin card with the channel admin and peer admin roles with the following command: $ composer card create -f adminCard.card -p connection-profile.json -u admin -c ./credentials/admin-pub.pem -k ./credentials/admin-priv.pem --role PeerAdmin --role ChannelAdmin 2. Import the card created from the previous command: $ composer card import -f adminCard.card -c adminCard Step 7: install runtime and start the network Copy and paste the events.bna file to the directory. BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney $ cp Composer/dist/events.bna . Now we will use the admin card from the previous step to install the runtime with the following command: $   composer network install -c adminCard -a events.bna If you get an error at this point, wait a minute and try again. 3. Start the business network by providing the admin card, the path to the .bna file, and the credentials received from the CA. This command will issue a card which we will remove, called ‘delete_me.card’. Note: make sure the version matches up with the version provided as output from the composer network install command above. Version here is 0.0.1, so that is what version you need to use in the step below. $ composer network start -c adminCard -n events -V 0.0.1 -A admin -C ./credentials/admin-pub.pem -f delete_me.card If you get an error at this point, such as below, wait a couple seconds and try again. Docker build error. REQUEST_TIMEOUT error. Once your command works, you should see the output below: Success! Next, let’s delete : delete_me.card $ rm delete_me.card Step 8: create a new business network card After we have installed the runtime and started the network, we need to create a card which we will deploy to the Starter Plan: $ composer card create -n events -p connection-profile.json -u admin -c ./credentials/admin-pub.pem -k ./credentials/admin-priv.pem This command should have created a card called ‘adminCard.card’. 2. Import the business network card: $ composer card import -f ./admin@events.card Nice. You should feel pretty good at this point. We’re pretty much done… weeeee! Stuff works!! Step 9: create the composer-rest-server and start the web UI Let’s install the composer-rest-server: $ @0.19.4 npm install -g composer-rest-server 2. Now, let’s start up the server. Make sure you are in the same directory as your connection-profile.json $ composer-rest-server -c admin@events -n never -w true 3. In your browser, go to http://localhost:3000/explorer 4. Open up a new terminal window and go to BlockchainEvents-CompositeJourney/Web 5. Install dependencies: $ npm install 6. Start the server: $ node server.js 7. In your browser go to http://localhost:8000/buyer.html Step 10: test the network and view chaincode logs In the composer-rest-server running on port 3000, make a POST request on a with the following JSON: ‘Seller’ { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.Seller", "organisation": "ACME", "email": "auction@acme.org", "balance": 100, "products": [] } 2. Let’s check the chaincode logs. In your blockchain service, go to the ‘Channels’ tab. Click on ‘defaultchannel’. Click on the blue ‘>’ symbol from the latest invocation. Then, under actions, click the three-dot symbol. Then click view details. The logs will show that you have created a seller with the details from the JSON above. Checking chaincode logs. 3. Next, let’s create a product, and add it to the auction. Let’s make a POST to ‘AddProduct’ with the following JSON: { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.AddProduct", "description": "Sample Product", "owner": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.Seller#auction@acme.org" } 4. Now we need to get the productId of the sample product we just created. Let’s do a GET for ‘Product’. The productId will be in the response body as shown below: GET for ‘Product’ gets us our productId that we need to start bidding. 5. Let’s start bidding. Let’s POST to ‘StartBidding’ with the following JSON while replacing the <productId> with the productId from the previous step. { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.StartBidding", "reservePrice": 50, "product": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.Product#<productId>" } The UI will update after a successful POST to ‘StartBidding’ as shown below: The UI is updated to show that our item is ready to be bid on. At this point, you can call yourself a blockchain developer. Bravo. Give yourself a pat on the back. If you want to continue with this app - make a few offers and close the bidding, then continue with me. Otherwise, you already learned a lot, so goodbye for now! 👋🏼 If you enjoyed this, hit the 👏🏼 to show that you found this useful. Let’s keep grinding!! A couple more steps and we’ve completed an auction on the blockchain running in the cloud. 6. Let’s create two members that can bid on the product we’ve put on the auction, by POST’ing to ‘Member’ with the JSON below { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.Member", "firstName": "Amy", "lastName": "Williams", "email": "memberA@acme.org", "balance": 1000, "products": [] } Let’s post one more time, but with slightly different JSON: { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.Member", "firstName": "Billy", "lastName": "Thompson", "email": "memberB@acme.org", "balance": 1000, "products": [] } 7. Now let’s make a GET on ‘ProductListing’ and copy the ‘listingId’ from there, as shown in my screenshot below: listingId that we need to make an offer. 8. Let’s make two offers by POST’ing to ‘Offer’ with the JSON as shown below, but replacing the <listingId> with : YOUR unique listingId { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.Offer", "bidPrice": 50, "listing": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.ProductListing#<listingId>", "member": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.Member#memberA@acme.org" } Let’s make another offer, this time a bit larger than the first: { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.Offer", "bidPrice": 100, "listing": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.ProductListing#<listingId>", "member": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.Member#memberB@acme.org" } Making two offers, one from each member. At this point, your UI should look like this: Updated UI. 9. Let’s end the auction by POST’ing to ‘CloseBidding’ with the following JSON while replacing <listingId> with : YOUR unique listingId { "$class": "org.acme.product.auction.CloseBidding", "listing": "resource:org.acme.product.auction.ProductListing#<listingId>" } 10. You are all done! Your listing state should be ‘SOLD’, and if you make a ‘GET’ to members, you should see memberB has 100 less in the balance, and also has ‘sample product’ listed in the product[]. Member b won the auction, so he has a new product, but has a smaller balance. The seller, who started with 100, now has 100 more, from member B, so if we make a GET to ‘Seller’, we will see his total is now 200. The seller has a balance of 200 now. ‘//;/You are done! You have successfully spun up a composer-rest-server based on our .bna file, and interacted with our app by making requests through the Swagger UI. All of our requests are successfully logged on our channel, and we can see the details of each chaincode invocation. Thanks for reading, and if you enjoyed it, hold down that 👏🏼 button! If you have any questions, you can reach out at horeaporutiu@gmail.com, connect with me on , or follow me on and . Cheers! LinkedIn Twitter Medium

Deploy a business network on (free) IBM Blockchain Starter Plan

From Agriculture to Inter_⌁_Connection Mankey vs Mandibuzz vs Growlithe This is the story of the Homo Sapiens..✍️ In roughly 8,000 BC, humankind made a mistake that it wouldn’t fully for almost 10,000 years. It was a mistake that, both then and now, felt like the genesis of our species’ intellect, but may turn out to be a most unfortunate . digest Faustian Bargain When a period of heavy turned Middle Eastern soil into a bed of nutritious minerals, we, the self proclaimed “ ,” could not resist temptation. We walked on two feet, swung our enormous brains about with reckless abandon, and slapped our hands together with bellies full of joy. We had done the impossible. We had mastered mother nature. Right? global warming wise men “ !” Mother nature said, in her cryptic and indiscernible way. “As hunter gatherers, you are , you are , and you value your ! You are men in the truest sense of the word.” Not so fast happy healthy tribes free Of course, we did not listen. Instead, we switched on the three mysteriously brilliant pounds of meat and began farming. “Such a pity,” she said, shaking her head. “ . And antidotes take many thousands of years to find…” Laziness today is the poison of tomorrow In a sense, the Agricultural Revolution was our first misstep and we have been building upon a cracked foundation ever since. It’s not realistic to expect mankind to uproot itself and become intergalactic hunter-gatherers, just like we expect New York City to gut and renovate it’s ailing subway system. However, incremental changes can be made. In the next section, I’ll try to reconcile what those changes are and how they could possibly be be made Sorry I forgot how to color for a sec 🤝 THE WHEAT BARGAIN 🤝 beware the walnuts and pears planted for heirs Around 8,500 BC, the wild, enigmatic, men of the Middle East recognized a sobering truth: it was possible to harness Earth’s ability to cultivate food rather than trekking hundreds of miles in search of food. “Brilliant!” “Harmless!” “Necessary!” we thought. But, as we would soon find out, all this thinking and clumsy head swinging had paralyzing and unforeseeable consequences. foraging The domestication of the food supply bubbled into an unnatural population and provoked a need for tremendously more abundant food sources and laborers. While the Neolithic allowed men to become stationary beings for the first time in Homo Sapiens , this decision was made without the understanding of why it had never settled down in its 190,000 years of existence. explosion Agricultural Revolution history previous According to , the beings who set the agricultural pendulum in motion were ” Yuval Noah Harari “neither kings nor priests, nor merchants. The culprits were a handful of plants. We did not domesticate wheat. It domesticated us. When wheat wanted water, humans nourished it. When wheat suffered from disease, humans nursed it. When wheat was hungry, humans nurtured it. And thus, as the number of wheat stalks increased, so too did the newest species of ape. The by is just one of many examples where one organism came to rely upon the fiercely upon another. The microbes in the human gut rely just as heavily on us as we rely on it. Amoeba floating in the sea both need eating as well as need to be eaten by minnows. Tuna need cleaner fish just as much as cleaner fish need tuna for waste. . So to speak, mankind’s unrelenting reliance on wheat and other staple crops pitted it in a . Except this bargain didn’t last a few years. It lasted 10,000 (and counting) domestication of humanity wheat Planet Earth has a suspicious history of leaning two species against one another in order to facilitate evolutionary growth Faustian bargain The currency of evolution is neither hunger nor pain but rather copies of DNA helixes. If no more DNA copies remain, the species is extinct, just as a company with-out money is bankrupt. If a species boasts many DNA copies, it is a success, and the species flourishes. From such a perspective, 1,000 copies are always better than a hundred copies. This is the essence of the Agricultural Revolution: the ability to keep more people alive under worse conditions. ~Yuval Noah Harari Interestingly, this vicious cycle did not occur in isolation. The crops which became, and have remained to be, our most important dilatants — wheat, rice, barley, and potatoes — seemed to colonize humans across the globe. Of course, it’s easy to criticize through the looking glass of revisionist history, pointing out negative residue as it was inflicted by However, in our more self-conscious era of humanity, we can take refuge in the fact that most of documented history is now available. We can follow the trends and question with guarded skepticism everything that has not withstood the test of time. the new. For the first men in Asia, North America, Australia, and basically all of planet Earth, Agriculture was a way to make life easier. What are we doing now that makes life easier? The law of least effort dictates that people invariably gravitate to the least cognitively and/or physically demanding task ~ Daniel Kahneman (Touuch. Touch. Touch.) ✂ A GOOD PAIR OF SCISSORS is too easy to find Shortcuts make for long delays ~JRR Tolkein A young lady once said “There’s nothing better than a good pair of scissors. Ones that are sharp and sturdy and cut through cardboard with little effort.” Human is like these scissors. Each year, humanity the blades so that it can cut corners ever so slightly cleaner. Instead of pulling a tractors ourselves, we enslaved . Instead of walking from town to town, we built machines. Instead of calculating difficult math, we mad computers. The list is never ending. innovation improves animals Man’s genius is just a sharp pair of scissors and our whetstone is anything that we can manipulate. Agricultural farmers were than nomads. Religious establishments were than tribal ones. Industrial assembly-liners were than artisans. Slavers were than sharecroppers. Human history is with a toxic yearning to be bloodied smarter than not just all other species, but also the men of one, one-hundred, and one-thousand years prior. smarter smarter smarter smarter So who are we than? Are technologists smarter than warmongers? Coders smarter than writers? Designers smarter than artists? smarter often warns to be wary of or . Just look at the list above. Agriculture destroyed our health. Religion drove apart our civilizations. Industrialism polluted our planet. Nassim Nicholas Taleb neomania, the adoption of new things for new things sake Often times, man will leap head and foot prematurely into the newest swell, hoping for it to further decrease the demand on our bodies, unaware that this really is stirring up noxious fallout for the years to come. **Who knows what’s next?**️ ️ We may be the species, but we certainly don’t. So into the ether weeeeeeeeeeeeee go 🎢 wise Somewhere, deep down there, Satoshi is hiding. VERBUM SAPIENTI SAT 🤔 A word is enough for a Wiseman Man was once a wholesome beast that raced through his country concerned with nothing other than his , his , and what type of berries he would consume for dinner. Today, we throw away half eaten caviar and drink gin from mason jars. Our days of are long lost, but the biological underpinnings have not changed. “The knowing ones” will always forage for more knowledge — it’s where the information comes from which changes. family safety foraging In 10,000 BC, nomads foraged for information from their environments in order to find food, mates, and to protect their families. I Then, it moves twitchily onto the next patch. This new-old phenomenon, according to , is an extension of Homo Sapiens ancestral food-foraging habits “where the perpetual sources of nourishment are websites, email programs, and iPhones.” n 2017, with bellies full of frozen yogurt and gluten free pizza, Sapiens transduce the biological need to forage into scraping through (trash)bins of social media archives. Doctor Adam Gazzaley Herein lies the most troubling, but germane problem with today’s constantly stimulated mind: People no longer need to worry about navigation, multiplication, and sometimes even relationships. Instead, we fill that open space with an orchard of tempting technological “information patches.” This idea, illustrated in the model outlines the between the ancient human brains and its modern-day goals. MVT inherent discord …The next 40 years will bring us some wonderful things. I don’t mean to imply they’re all to be avoided. Alcohol is a dangerous drug, but I’d rather live in a world with wine than one without. Most people can coexist with alcohol; but you have to be careful. More things we like will mean more things we have to be careful about. ~Paul Graham (Founder of Y Combinator) One-hundred years ago cigarettes were healthy and cocaine was a prescription drug. Before that, we stuck leeches on ourselves, drained blood from our bodies, and performed ridiculous trepanning surgeries. The world is a completely and utterly befuddling place. Who knows what we’re doing that’s killing us? Now, we will enter into the discussion of a few things that I don’t think are killing us per say, but are certainly hurting our brains and our attention spans. Ow 🤯 THE CORONATION ☯F PRIVATIZATION on privatizing personal space Whether it be walking through a crowded train station, sitting in a busy café, or merely working quietly from one’s own apartment, the concept of and has been garbled by . Once upon a time, eating in a crowded restaurant was by definition: . Writing an essay in your bedroom: But now, we are confused. privacy publicity technology public private. At any given moment, one can escape feelings of privacy and publicness through a refuge in their pocket or on their lap. It has never been easier to run away from ourselves Thich Nhat Hanh So, in a world more depressed than ever, is escapism a good thing? Still though, we can’t blame new technologies for the entirety of the skyrocketing rates of dpression and suicide. It’s more likely that we were on this path far before Steve Jobs gave us the iPhone and maybe even before Henry Ford invented the automobile. Perhaps, our unhappiness is a confluence of every decision humans have ever made, or far scarier, perhaps it’s hard-wired into our DNA Bitch, we free! However, there is an underlying beauty in instantaneous connection and communication. Yes, it may be wickedly hard for us to detach ourselves from toxic technologies int he present moment, yet the mere fact that I am able to stream these thoughts to you from an apartment in San Francisco is freighted with positive upshot. Remember Zika? People worried that the disease would become an pandemic and that we were years away from a cure. That was 2016. explosive What the story of Zika shows is just how powerful human connectivity can be. While the cognitive load on the The Agricultural Revolution was a rigid Pandora’s box. Once it was opened, there was no turning back. Industrialism was much the same story. However, both both have been improved by engineering and renewable technologies. So, perhaps, the Connection Revolution is freighted with the power to dismantle itself — or at least edit its own code.  Technology may be a constellation of distraction and cognitive load for us all, but it also allows brilliant people from all over the world to come together and synthesize new ideas. That’s something we have never seen before in history. Collaboration has become so easy, that it is sometimes considered distracting. Unless there is some Don Corleone playing puppet master over our attention, there is no reason to believe that we will not use the connective tools at our disposal to jettison ourselves from the rut into the next phase of tech-phoria technological And I think we will. If you are looking for answers, the last part of this essay isn’t for you, but if you like thinking about tough questions, maybe it is. “Yes, seriously, this big” To Homo Technicae 🚀 we go? Human “ingenuity” is often the cause of our pain; yet, we can be encouraged by the fact that the rapid growth of technology also our time spent in a cognitive rut. It took years for us to realize that maybe the Hunter-Gatherers had the right diet, years to recognize that religion is only as good as its freedom, to acknowledge the damage emissions have on our planet, and years to uncover the dangers of a constantly connection economy. shortens 10,000 2,000 150 years 20 As always, we end with questions than answers: more How long will it take for man to determine his own “technological paleo diet”? Will be the ones to discover it? we What will be the tragic vice? Reality? Space Travel? powered ? powered ? next Virtual AI laziness Blockchain laziness Is it this very self-inflicting cycle which makes us human? Can we outrun it? that Are we in the midst of a change from Homo Sapiens to Homo Technicae? Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers -Voltaire In the foreseeable future though, we’ll continue to have far more questions than answers. So, be vigilant, because whatever is the ‘wheat’ that we’re dealing with today, well, we probably have no idea — yet.

Homo Technicae and his Mother Nature

A shadow over our clean, elegant code? Photo by Benjamin Bousquet Recently I got into a about how to decide a function is pure in JavaScript. The whole concept of pureness seems to be blurry in such a dynamic language. The following examples show we might need to redefine the term ‘pure function’, or — at least–be very careful when we decide on it. discussion What is a pure function If you are new to this term I recommend you first read some introduction. by and by are excellent choices. The Definition of “Pure Function” Alvin Alexander Master the JavaScript Interview: What is a Pure Function? Eric Elliott To sum up, a function is called pure if it satisfies the two conditions: The function returns exactly the same result every time it’s called with the same set of arguments. Evaluation of the function does not modify some state outside its scope nor has an observable interaction with the outside world besides returning a value. (No side effects.) Sometimes, a third condition is added: ‘Relies on no external mutable state.’ This, in fact, is redundant as such dependency on mutable variable would inevitably lead to breaking the first condition, too. Which of these is pure Here I wrote four example functions. Before proceeding, please review them and decide, on your own, which is pure and which is impure. Done? Great, let's compare. When I asked around, the vast majority answered that function is the only impure, functions , , and are pure. doubleB doubleA doubleC doubleD So let's go through the conditions. The latter one is oblivious; there are no side effects. The first one, is more interesting. When called with the same arguments all of them return the same value (using to support arrays): toEqual expect( doubleA(1) ).toEqual( doubleA(1) )expect( doubleB(1) ).toEqual( doubleB(1) )expect( doubleC(1) ).toEqual( doubleC(1) )expect( doubleD([1]) ).toEqual( doubleD([1]) ) Right? Right? Weeeell, written like this yes. However, what about this piece of code my friend with? Alexander replied doubleB(1) // -> 2 two = 3 doubleB(1) // -> 3 This is valid. I ran the function twice with the same argument and received different value. That makes it impure. No matter what happened in between. That made me think. If this is the proof, what about the others? Will they hold if I try hard enough? As you guess, no, they don't. In fact, I now say: None of the four functions is pure. Functions are first-class In JavaScript functions are first-class, meaning they are a value of a variable, that can be passed, returned, and–yes–reassigned. If I can change the variable , I can do the following: two doubleC(1) // -> 2 getTwo = function() { return 3 } doubleC(1) // -> 3 It is important to emphasise that this does not differ to what Alex did above. Just instead of holding a number, the variable holds a function. Map on array that was the name of one of my . These three are the core of data transformation in functional programming. So they should be safe to use in pure functions. “Map, filter, reduce. Repeat.” livecoding sessions As it turns out, in JavaScript nothing is set in stone. Or should I say in ? prototype doubleD([1]) // -> [2] Array.prototype.map = function() {return [3]} doubleD([1]) // -> [3] Wait. That is surely not allowed. This is wrong. It might be wrong, it might be stupid. The truth is, I just called the function twice with the same argument and received different values. . doubleD No matter what happened in between All we do is reassigning variables between the function calls. As we did before. Therefore, is not pure. doubleD Multiplication is pure However dynamic, in JavaScript one cannot override built-in operators like in . some languages Also, is a local variable living only in that function's scope. No way to change it from outside. n Or is it? No, it really is not possible. You must think low of JavaScript if you got your hopes up 😄 But I gave myself away when I wrote that none of the four functions is pure. There's another trick up my sleeve. While I cannot change the operation nor the argument after it's passed, I have a freedom of choosing what to pass. Numbers, strings, booleans, objects… Objects? What use can they have? A number multiplied by an object is, eh, is… like in `2 * {}`, is… (Go check it out in the console.) (As I did.) NaN. That doesn't help, though. If only there was a way to make the runtime convert the object to a number when multiplied. toString for numbers If an object appears in a string context, like concatenation with a string, the engine will run function of the object and use the result. If it's not implemented, it will fallback to known produced by method. toString '[object Object]' Object.prototype.toString While less used, JavaScript also calls method of an object when it expects a number (or a boolean, or a function). What's left is to make this function return different value each time it is invoked. valueOf var o = {valueOf: Math.random} doubleA(o) // -> 1.7709942335937932 doubleA(o) // -> 1.2600863386367704 Run this in JS Bin. Uff, yes. The function was called twice with the exactly same (by any comparing mean) argument, the second time it returned a different value than the first time. It is not pure. @@toPrimitive Symbol.toPrimitive_. As_ valueOf @@toPrimitive_, you still might want to_ Note: The previous version of this article used or, more verbose, Alexandre Morgaut pointed out, is sufficient and supported since the first version of JavaScript. If you don't know check it out . What is a pure function, again I know, I am being scrupulous, evil, and I use some dirty tricks. We use pure functions to gain confidence over the code. To be sure the code does what it should. Anytime, under any circumstances. if I decide to. Yes, that includes functions like . What if that variable ( in our case) is not supposed to be changed, it's a mathematical constant e, pi, or ? That should be pure. I want all of the four functions to be pure doubleB two phi I want to be able to trust built-in functions. What kind of programs can I create if I assume anything in or can change? Extremely basic ones; nobody would ever want to use them. Array.prototype Object.prototype As a result of this small, fun exercise I believe . Unfortunately, I see no way this could be limited only to technical terms. we need a new definition of what we consider a pure function in JavaScript In some way, it must take into account the intended use of the code. A function can be considered pure in one project and impure in another. And it is OK. As long as the program works. As long as the developers have confidence. Do you have an idea for the definition? How do you decide a function is pure? Is there something I missed? Did you learn something? Remarks There are ways to protect against of the tricks used above. some some Overwriting a free variable like or can be avoided by encapsulating the whole block into a function. Either using or modules: two getTwo IIFE var doubleB = (function () {var two = 2 return function (n) {return n * two}})() A better approach would be to use introduced in ES2015: const const two = 2const doubleB = (n) => n * two Preventing abuse of or is also possible, yet cumbersome. For example like this: valueOf @@toPrimitive function doubleA(n) {if (typeof n !== 'number') return NaN return n * 2} One could get around the trick with changing the only by avoiding such functions and falling back to loops. That is ugly, impractical, and potentially impossible. Abstracting these or using a library has drawbacks on its own. Array.prototype for (for … of) Don't forget that to make a function truly pure, one would need to combine all of those anti-tricks together. Imagine how doubleD, now that elegant, would look like, how long it would be, and how it would hurt the readability. 👏 . If you like this post, please don’t forget to give a below Every clap notification is a motivational boost for me. If you would like to learn more, I recently started a YouTube channel about JavaScript. I post new video every week, so consider subscribing. Be there from the beginning and help me get better. _JavaScript is my passion: I like to write JavaScript, I like to read JavaScript, and I like to talk JavaScript._www.youtube.com/c/robinpokorny Robin Pokorny on YouTube

Do pure functions exist in JavaScript?

Map for sailing with your very own cluster, as well as . Also, Kubernetes is awesome! Kubernetes Heapster Or as Google would put it: is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes Kubernetes is most awesome if you are using it as part of a Cloud provider, such as , , or . If on the other hand you are a bit more advantureous, and want to setup a cluster of your very own servers, things get a bit more complicated and involved. Google Amazon Microsoft OpenShift Not because is not awesome, it still is, however the documentation is not the clearest at times, or the most complete, also some things are less than obvious, and last but not least, latest Kube version has just been Kubernetes released about a day ago, meaning breakage. We will not get derailed by new features, which are also awesome (5k nodes, weeeee), we will be getting everything up and running. We’ll also be happy while doing it and we’ll stay happy (until the next version hits that is :)). We’ll be using a great, fresh out of alpha utility, , and following along a , we’ll skip the boring parts and we’ll spend some time doing other things. kubeadm very nice quick start The quick start we are following along is intended for Ubuntu 16.04+, CentOS 7 or HypriotOS v1.0.1+, I can tell you it also works on Debian Jessie. We’ll be traversing the Debian branch package wise, everything else is pretty much identical. So lets get our feet wet (do eveything as we are having fun after all, or ), also run this in or . root sudo screen tmux It all starts with , as it usually always does… Docker following with the things we really care about (k8s) All set, lets init our cluster, we’ll be using as our of choice (dont’t ask, or click the links :)), therefor you need the option, otherwise hairpulling. [flannel](https://github.com/coreos/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml) network plugin --pod-network-cidr kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 You should see something like this And thats it, you’ll be seeing an endless screen of the line. This has been fixed in 1.6.1 ( ), so after the cluster initializes feel free skip to the flannel configuration below… allegedly :) [apiclient] Waiting for at least one node to register and become ready and that’s just not very nice, turns out there is a kink in post alpha . Node is not considered ready, until networking is ready. In the previous versions you would set up networking after (or you know would finish…). kubeadm kubeadm While is still assaulting you, switch to another window. We only care about the config files at this time and we got that already, lines below are good lines apiclient screen|tmux we like them a lot. In the window you’ve switched to run: /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/ $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/admin.conf KUBECONFIG=$HOME/admin.conf cp chown export This will allow you to interact with your cluster and set up this networking nobody is talking about, if you remember we’ll be using (you really don’t need to care, yet). Notable change from the previous versions of Kube is that you need to set up and , guys have our back :). CoreOS is also awesome mind you :). flannel roles role bindings flannel -f flannel/Documentation/kube-flannel-rbac.yml -f flannel/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml git clone https://github.com/coreos/flannel.git kubectl apply kubectl apply After you’ve done with that, you can return to the window where the cluster has been initializing, and you should see it initialized (beers for everybody…). Take note of the line similar to: kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> Disregard everything else, you did that already (unless everything is different this time). Do again for good luck and lets see how we are doing, should get you something like this: **export** KUBECONFIG=$HOME/admin.conf **watch kubectl** get pods --all-namespaces Every 2.0s: kubectl get pods -n kube-system                                                                                                                  Wed Mar 29 21:13:57 2017 NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGEetcd-sd-85956                     1/1       Running   0          2mkube-apiserver-sd-85956           1/1       Running   0          2mkube-controller-manager-sd-85956  1/1       Running   0          2mkube-dns-3913472980-3v7hb         3/3       Running   0          2mkube-flannel-ds-2hptj             2/2       Running   0          2mkube-proxy-jx2n7                  1/1       Running   0          2mkube-proxy-tlplt                  1/1       Running   0          2mkube-scheduler-sd-85956           1/1       Running   0          2m You have your very own Kubernetes (almost) cluster, after all we need more than one node to call it a cluster. We’ll call this new node , meaning the previous one becomes . node2 node1 In case you'll stop at one node run: kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master- That way, pods will actually schedule on a master node. Now might be a good time to open up your firewall. As we are on a Debian, and I use , run on and on , this could get cumbersome with many node, but we don’t have many ATM. ufw ufw allow from <node2-ip> to any node1 ufw allow from <node1> to any node2 That should have you optimistic and unblocked, as well as ready to proceed, now on the machine. slave kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> The very same line you that instructed us to run, awesome, provided nothing unexpected happends, you should be able to run on and see two nodes (happines and parties and cake). node1 kubectl get nodes node1 Now that you’re feeling pretty good about yourself, lets tie up a few loose ends, first of all everything is sad without some nice GUI (enter trolls). In order to get a nice GUI, we’ll set up a Dashboard, here the new version will try to bite us again, but we’ll evade swiftly. Kube version 1.6 uses as a default form of auth, meaning you can’t just go accessing stuff willy nilly. We already mentioned this above near the passive-agressive remark. [RBAC](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/) role/rolebinding kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml Above line sets us up with a dashboard that we can’t really access, we also need to configure a role and juggle some great balls of fire. In a text editor of your choice (vim) create on admin-role.yml node1: Than with a conviction of a true helmsman run (bask in the evershining light of glorious victory). **kubectl apply** -f admin-role.yml Now our dashboard can actually access the values it needs in order to be super useful. Now in order for you to actually access it you need . kubectl locally After you’ve done that you’ll also want to grab from on , and for the coup de grace, run , on your local machine. admin.conf /etc/kubernetes node1 **kubectl** --kubeconfig ./admin.conf proxy Proxy should be listening on . With all the confidence in the world point your browser to . 127.0.0.1:8001 [http://127.0.0.1:8001/ui](http://127.0.0.1:8001/ui,) I really hope you get a functioning , otherwise I’ll understand if you hate me a little. Kubernetes Dashboard If you still have the energy, there is one final step left and that is , or monitoring for this awesome cluster you have. Comparing to what you have already done this is easy peasy. On Heapster node1 kubectl create -f heapster/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster.git In order to get it really, really working you’ll need the ip of the service (image below), empowered with it run. influxdb Service menu on the left side holds this very useful info -X POST -G "<influxdb-cluster-ip>:8086/query" --data-urlencode 'db=k8s' --data-urlencode 'q=CREATE RETENTION POLICY "default" ON "k8s" DURATION INF REPLICATION 1 DEFAULT' curl This fixes some bugs, that might have been fixed already. You know you’re done when what you have looks something like this, it might take a few minutes for the pretty charts to show (also you got now, you should go find it after you’re done here). Grafana Total victory You now have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster, that is not doing anything much, it IS tough. You can deploy some public images and have some fun. I did not manage to deploy anything using the dashboard (some JS errors, totally not my fault), but is more expressive anyway. yml There you go, you are mega-empowered to make some noise, with some effort it is also possible to set up private container registry for supersecretprivatestuff, but now is not the time :) Congratulations on getting all the way through, feel free to hound me with questions and/or curses, looking forward to it. Also in order to access stuff in the cluster you’ll need to route to it, since this turned out rather long, I won’t be getting into that, if anyone is interested drop me a line, and I’ll help out… Oh, and I do apologize for any and all unclarities and confusion, my -fu is a bit rusty, :) k8s I mostly do Rust these days

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