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Wedy

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In modern mobile application development, data visualization is a crucial part. Chart libraries play a key role in React Native applications, helping developers present and analyze data visually. There are many excellent chart libraries available in the React Native ecosystem. In this article, we will compare three popular chart libraries in the React Native community. Let's begin this comparative journey to delve into the differences between React Native ECharts, Victory Native, and React Native Chart Kit. Chart Library Introduction React Native Chart Kit was developed in 2018, it has been 5 years since its inception. With a cumulative download count of 2,840,757, it has garnered 2.5k+ stars on GitHub. It has become a highly popular library in the React Native community. React Native Chart Kit Victory Native is a chart library that was developed in 2015. It has been 7 years since its inception. With a high cumulative download count of 7,434,044, it has garnered an impressive 10.3k+ stars on GitHub. It is the longest-standing and most widely used chart library in the history of React Native. Victory Native React Native ECharts is a newly released chart library this year. It currently has 2,565 downloads and has received 363 stars on GitHub. As a rising star among React Native chart libraries, it holds great potential. With time, it is believed that will become one of the most popular chart libraries. React Native ECharts React Native ECharts Here is the comparison table for the basic data: React Native Chart Kit Victory Native React Native ECharts Creation Date 2018 2015 2023 Downloads 2,840,757 7,434,044 2565 Unpacked Size 399kB 78.4kB 169kB Github star 2.5k+ 10.3k+ 363 Last publish a year ago a month ago a month ago Comparison of Basic Principles The main approach is to utilize React Native's native view components to create the basic structure and layout of the charts, such as View, Text, etc. Additionally, libraries like react-native-svg and paths-js are used for rendering the charts with vector graphics. React Native Chart Kit also relies on React Native's native views combined with SVG for rendering. It also draws inspiration from D3 (Data-Driven Documents) by mapping data to chart elements and using scales to transform data values and positions. Victory Native fetches the SVG graphic data of ECharts charts and rewrites the SVGPainter of ECharts. By utilizing the existing chart data of ECharts, it renders the charts on the React Native side using either react-native-svg or react-native-skia. React Native ECharts Code Writing Comparison Let's take the commonly used area chart as an example. Now, let's see how they are implemented using the following code snippets: React Native Chart Kit import { LineChart } from"react-native-chart-kit";
import { StyleSheet, View, Text } from 'react-native';
const chartConfig = {
    backgroundGradientFrom: "#fff",
    backgroundGradientFromOpacity: 0,
    backgroundGradientTo: "#fff",
    backgroundGradientToOpacity: 0.5,
    color: (opacity = 1) => `rgba(14, 17, 22, ${opacity})`,
    strokeWidth: 2, // optional, default 3
    barPercentage: 0.5,
    useShadowColorFromDataset: false // optional
};
export const LineChart1 = props => {
    const data = {
        labels: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'],
        // labels: props.date,
        datasets: [
          {
            data: [150, 230, 224, 218, 135, 147, 260],
            // color: (opacity = 1) => `rgba(134, 65, 244, ${opacity})`, // optional
            strokeWidth: 2 // optional
          }
        ],
      };
    return (
        <View style={styles.container}>
            <Text>React Native Chart Kit</Text>
            <LineChart
                data={data}
                width={400}
                height={200}
                yAxisInterval={1}
                animate
                chartConfig={chartConfig}
                withDots={false}
            />
      </View>
    )

} Victory Native import { StyleSheet, View, Text } from "react-native";
import {
  VictoryArea,
  VictoryChart,
  VictoryLine,
  VictoryTheme,
  VictoryScatter,
} from "victory-native";

export const LineChart2 = props => {
  const data = [
      { x: 'Mon', y: 150 },
      { x: 'Tue', y: 230 },
      { x: 'Wed', y: 224 },
      { x: 'Thu', y: 218 },
      { x: 'Fri', y: 135 },
      { x: 'Sat', y: 147 },
      { x: 'sun', y: 260 },
    ];
  return (
    <View style={styles.container}>
      <Text style={styles.title}>Victory Native</Text>
      <VictoryChart
        theme={VictoryTheme.material}
        height={250}
        width={400}
      >
        <VictoryArea
          style={{ data: { fill: "rgba(230, 231, 231,0.8)" } }}
          data={data}
          animate={{
            duration: 2000,
            onLoad: { duration: 1000 },
          }}
        />
        <VictoryLine
          data={data}
          style={{ data: { stroke: "#d6d6d7", strokeWidth: 2 } }}
        />
        <VictoryScatter
          data={data}
          size={4}
          style={{ data: { fill: "#24262a" } }}
        />
      </VictoryChart>
    </View>
  );
}; React Native ECharts import { StyleSheet, Text, View } from 'react-native';
import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
import * as echarts from 'echarts/core';
import { LineChart } from 'echarts/charts';
import { GridComponent } from 'echarts/components';
import { SVGRenderer, SkiaChart } from '@wuba/react-native-echarts';
echarts.use([SVGRenderer, LineChart, GridComponent]);
export const LineCharts = props => {
  const skiaRef = useRef(null);
  useEffect(() => {
    const option = {
      xAxis: {
        type: 'category',
        data:  ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'],
        splitLine: {
          show: true,
          lineStyle: {
            type: 'dashed',
          },}
      },
      yAxis: {
        type: 'value',
        min: 'dataMin',
        splitLine: {
          show: true,
          lineStyle: {
            type: 'dashed',
          },}
      },
      series: [
        {
          data: [150, 230, 224, 218, 135, 147, 260],
          type: 'line',
          areaStyle: {
            color: 'rgba(230, 231, 231,0.8)'
          },
          lineStyle: {
            color: '#d6d6d7'
          },
          symbol: 'circle',
          symbolSize: 8,
          itemStyle: {
            color: '#24262a',
          },
        },
      ],
    };
    let chart;
    if (skiaRef.current) {
      chart = echarts.init(skiaRef.current, 'light', {
        renderer: 'svg',
        width: 400,
        height: 300,
      });
      chart.setOption(option);
    }
    return () => chart?.dispose();
  }, []);
  return (
    <View style={styles.container}>
        <Text style={styles.title}>React Native ECharts</Text>
        <SkiaChart ref={skiaRef} />
    </View>
  );
} The effect is displayed as follows: From a code-writing perspective, is data-driven, so you typically pass in data and configure related styles through props. Most importantly, it acts more like a set of tools that you can DIY. You can use various components exposed by Victory to customize the charts according to your needs. For example, if you want to add a line and data points to the area chart, you would need to additionally include VictoryLine and VictoryScatter components. Victory Native React Native Echarts and are similar in usage. Both libraries centralize data and styles within the configuration options. They are more like fully featured tools that allow you to transform the charts by modifying the configurations. Comparatively, the configuration code for is simpler, but it may lack some advanced customization options. For example, enabling animation or setting a specific starting value for the y-axis might not be achievable. React Native Chart Kit React Native Chart Kit In terms of writing code, I prefer the configuration-based approach. It is straightforward, easy to grasp, and can improve development efficiency for developers. Development Experience Comparison of Rendering Performance When it comes to regular charts such as area, bar, and pie charts, all three libraries perform well with small datasets, providing smooth rendering. However, as the data size reaches the order of thousands, noticeable performance differences become apparent. and experience significant lags and, in the case of larger datasets, Victory may even crash. On the other hand, benefits from ECharts' default data sampling mechanism, which reduces the number of data points when rendering large amounts of data. This helps avoid overcrowding the chart and performance degradation. ECharts automatically sample a relatively small number of data points based on the width of the plotting area and the number of data points, reducing computational and rendering time. Victory Native React Native Chart Kit React Native ECharts Leveraging this mechanism, demonstrates significantly better rendering performance when dealing with large datasets. React Native ECharts Here is an example of rendering an area chart using randomly generated 200 data points: As we can see, still maintain relatively good rendering performance. On the other hand, adjustments to data and coordinates are required when using the other two libraries to meet specific business requirements. React Native ECharts When we increase the test data to 2000 points, exhibits noticeable rendering lag, while throws an error stating Maximum call stack size is exceeded. Meanwhile, , benefiting from data sampling, still deliver satisfactory rendering results: React Native Chart Kit Victory Native React Native ECharts Comparison of Chart Variety Currently, supports a relatively limited number of chart types. It mainly covers six specific types of charts, which can fulfill most basic business requirements. However, if there is a need for other types of charts, additional libraries may need to be introduced. React Native Chart Kit React Native Chart Kit The following image shows most of the chart types that can cover, and it can be seen that the variety is relatively limited. 😭 Currently, the developers are continuously maintaining the library and may add more chart types in the future. React Native Chart Kit When it comes to chart variety, offers a greater range compared to . However, due to the nature of Victory's approach, which involves assembling components to create different types of charts, developers need to have a good understanding of component composition and possess solid coding skills. Additionally, the examples provided on the official Victory website may not be beginner-friendly, as the supported chart instances may not be immediately intuitive. Overall, using requires a higher level of coding proficiency and logical thinking. Victory Native Victory Native React Native Chart Kit Victory Native The following image showcases the main components provided by Victory on their official website. It can be observed that there are significantly more options available compared to . Moreover, primarily relies on combining these components, such as points, lines, areas, and axes, to create various types of charts. This allows for a broader range of supported chart types. React Native Chart Kit Victory Native You can directly refer to the examples on the ECharts official website, where various types of charts are showcased in a highly intuitive manner. Developers can use the configuration options to customize the charts according to their needs. Currently, supports rendering most of the chart types that ECharts offers. React Native ECharts React Native ECharts utilizes the SVG data from ECharts, which means users can render a wide range of different chart types by simply following the examples provided on the ECharts website and configuring their settings😍 React Native ECharts The following image showcases some chart types that cannot be easily implemented or require complex combinations using other libraries. However, with , you can effortlessly achieve these charts by referring to the documentation🚀 React Native ECharts Comparison of Guide Getting started with primarily involves using the documentation and configuration options provided by the library's authors, which can be found on GitHub or npm. By referring to these resources, developers can easily implement chart rendering in their projects. React Native Chart Kit On the other hand, has its , where developers can assemble charts by referring to the provided components and related code in the documentation. However, the website offers a large number of components and elements, making it difficult for developers to quickly find the desired examples. Implementing complex charts often requires developers to think of their implementation methods, which can lower development efficiency. Victory Native website Compared to and , has several advantages: Victory Native React Native Chart Kit React Native ECharts Documents The description provided in the of is more clear, comprehensive, and provides ready-to-use examples. Developers can easily understand the library's features, configurations, and usage through the documentation. Additionally, there are numerous available on the official ECharts website, which further assists developers in quickly implementing various types of charts. official documentation Victory Native usage examples Online Preview Just like the ECharts library, provides an online preview and testing support. You can directly copy the chart configuration to see how it renders in React Native. React Native ECharts Click here for an online preview Multiterminal code also support component reuse on the web, enabling cross-platform requirements and achieving code sharing across multiple platforms. It effortlessly achieves code uniformity and ensures consistency of charts across different platforms, thus enhancing our development efficiency. React Native ECharts Support for two rendering modes supports two rendering modes: Svg and Skia. It is implemented based on react-native-svg and react-native-skia. react-native-skia utilizes the Skia Graphics Library, which is a high-performance graphics rendering engine that provides faster drawing and rendering speeds. It is a boon for developers who want to experience Skia's capabilities. React Native ECharts Conclusion Finally, let's compare the performance of these three chart libraries from the following perspectives: React Native Chart Kit Victory Native React Native ECharts Basic Chart Suitability ✅ ✅ ✅ Chart Variety ➖ ✅ ✅ Rendering for Large Data ➖ ➖ ✅ Ease of Development ✅ ➖ ✅ Multiterminal code ➖ ➖ ✅ It is undeniable that both and are excellent chart libraries for React Native. However, the newly introduced has certain advantages in terms of applicability and ease of entry. Especially in some relatively complex but common charts, such as path charts, radar charts, and candlestick charts, provides examples that allow developers to easily implement them by simply modifying the data in the example code. Victory Native React Native Chart Kit React Native ECharts React Native ECharts In these scenarios, is highly recommended as it greatly improves development efficiency. Additionally, for projects with a high demand for various types of charts, the rich collection of chart examples provided by makes it easier for us to handle diverse chart requirements😁 React Native ECharts React Native ECharts Author: xuanweiH Also published . here

React Native ECharts VS Victory Native VS React Native Chart Kit: Which Solution is Better?

In 2021, hosted the first-ever awards!! HackerNoon Startup of the Year The goal of this campaign was to give recognition to the hardworking startups who pulled through the pandemic -- growing and thriving (despite all of the challenges). More than 44,000 startups were nominated all across the globe! They were selected from over 4,553 cities, with a total number of * cough * “4 billion” votes. Insane, right? To see who is a winner in each respective city, visit and pick a city. The name at the top of the list is the winner. (Awards, with compromised reviews, are under review.) startups.hackernoon.com The will announce the winners per region in their respective cities. Startups Winners Announcement Series Apparently, South America startups did incredibly well in that regard. With so many, until now, uncrowned jewels, it’s time we present to you... * drumroll* 🥳 The South America Startups of the Year Winners! Santiago, Chile Chile is known for being the most stable country to do business in Latin America, ranking 13th in The Economist’s Business Environment Index. Moreover, according to the Global Innovation Index, Chile ranks first in Latin America for innovation and is recognised as Chilean Silicon Valley with Santiago being the central city. The winner is…. QCObjects It is the 1st world class open-source framework made in Latin-America. São Paulo, Brazil And the winner of Brazil’s vibrant financial center is... Innvo Digital Their mission is to create the best ecosystem for a technology professional to work and undertake while sharing it with our customers and society. São Carlos The absolute leader of Sao Carlos seems to be: Predify Predify is an online software for optimizing pricing proccess and improving profits with AI and Big Data Analytics. Belo Horizonte, Brazil With a more than noble goal, Belo Horizone’s winner is: CM Tecnologia CM Tecnologia is an online scheduling system for healthcare providers in Brazil. Porto Alegre, Brazil With the focus on data protection, Porto Alegre, Brazil’s winner is…. Privacy Tools Privacy compliance platform, based on AI/Blockchain, which helps global companies to keep compliant with the data protection requirements. Brasil, Brazil With the focus on EdTech, Brasil is bringing us: Awari Awari is a YC-W21 company focusing on education for the Tech Industry. The company is growing at a fast pace and has gathered experts from all leading tech companies into a full education experience to prepare the next cohort of tech talent. Quito The capital of Ecuador, and also the closest capital to the actual equator, as the winner brings us: Agrodemanda The most comprehensive agricultural directory in Ecuador. Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Rio de Janeiro has more than 300 startups and is ranked 3rd in Brazil in terms of startup ecosystem development. The city is famous for the startups in the spheres of education, energy & environment and foodtech. Their winner is…. Bybrand Bybrand is the simplest way to save time and avoid frustration when managing your employee's email signatures. Buenos Aires, Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina is not only the cosmopolitan capital with a vibrant history. It’s also Latin America’s most important port. Which makes their winner actually a very logical choice. Please meet: Liftit Liftit is the leading technology platform to automate and execute last-mile truck deliveries across Latin America. Curitiba, Brazil With a more noble mission and sustainability in mind, Curitiba, Brazil, as the winner brings us... Discrepante is the marketplace for a more human and sustainable economy Discrepante.com Florianópolis, Brazil Would you really be surprised one of the Brazil’s winners is related to football training? We neither. Please meet... Fútbol Fit Club Football FitClub® is a fitness training firm that gives fitness training to improve like a professional football player. Medellín, Colombia And the first Colombian Startup Winner is is a data intelligence solution powered by a high quality team. Meet... LogComex Market intelligence for international trade in Latin America Montevideo, Uruguay The host of inaugural FIFA world cup of 1930 comes through when it comes to innovation even in 2021. I’d like to introduce you to: Drop Technologies First electronic hand antiperspirant device Lima, Peru Lima, Peru, has in 2021 delivered some amazing results when it comes to blockchain technology. Their winner is very well deserved: RSK Labs RSK is the first open-source smart contract platform São Carlos Do Pinhal Well this is a unique case. The absolute unanimous winner of São Carlos Do Pinhal is: brain4care brain4care solution enables monitoring intracranial compliance noninvasively anywhere Blumenau, Brazil We’re sensing a theme here. Another stellar EdTech winner is coming from Blumenau, Brazil. Please meet... Uniasselvi Uniasselvi is a Brazilian distance-learning company that offers more than 60 undergraduate and postgraduate courses, in person and distance. Bogotá, Colombia Startups of Bogotá, Colombia definitely showed they’re not to be underestimated. With a very noble mission, let me introduce you to: Risü Risü is an online platform that links online consumption to donation to social institutions. Campina, Brazil If there’s one typo of business we’d single out as taking the biggest hit out of the pandemic, it would have to be small businesses. Thankfully, the winner of Campina, Brazil, operates with small businesses in mind Superlógica Tecnologias Ltda. Superlogica is a management system company created for small service businesses. Cerqueira César, Brazil Swooping half the points from the entire City, this year’s winners of Cerqueira César are InfoPrice INFOPRICE is a business intelligence company focused on physical retail pricing. Governador Valadares, Brazil The same can be said for the winners here. Let’s hear it for: Grupo KPG Saas, Payment, Manufacture, Pharmaceutical, E-commerce, Marketplace, Logistics Caxias Do Sul Known for wine making and Italian cultural influence, Caxias Do Sul brings as an interesting winner. Studio 360 Studio 360 is a proptech focused on easing the purchase experience for real state companies, brokers, and costumers. Sorocaba From Sorocaba, we have an interesting concept coming. Looking forward to seeing it further develop. Let’s meet: Quinto Quinto is a social network that represents the collective opinion of society—to help democracy evolve through technology Viña Del Mar To be a venue-oriented business and survive through the pandemic definitely deserves some recognition. In the name of that, let’s meet: SonicPollen SonicPollen, based in Chile, is a web-based booking platform that connects bands with venues and organizers. Lages Learn more about high-growth startups in Lages, South America. and the winner is…. Qualiall Qualiall develops technologies for training in operational processes such as work security, equipment maintenance, and more. Córdoba, Argentina Another gem from Argentina brings us unique agricultural solutions. Please meet: Kilimo Kilimo is a Big Data solution for water management in agriculture. São José Dos Campos, Brazil Another great agricultural solution comes this time from Brasil. Meet São José Dos Campos Startup winner: TerraMagna TerraMagna is a fintech company that focuses on risk mitigation for agribusinesses. São Leopoldo, Brazil Event-oriented businesses that have survived in the previous years should definitely bottle their perseverance and start selling it. One of those is definitely this winner: Wedy Wedy offers a one-stop-social marketplace for weddings. Pelotas, Brazil Medical scheduling platforms are definitely something we need to see more of. So glad Pelotos winner comes from this particular niche. Fácil Consulta Fácil Consulta is a booking platform that allows people to schedule an appointment with a Specialist Physician in their area. Santa Maria Could you believe how versatile the startups of South America are when we are only now coming across a game development studio? Let’s meet them Imgnation Studios Imgnation Studios is a game development studio that focuses on virtual reality. Asunción, Paraguay A FinTech solution coming from Paraguay. Meet Asunción Startup of the Year winner Vision Banco Vision Banco is a solid and growing financial institution serving the financial needs of the micro, small and medium enterprises. Caracas Venezualan food delivery app that seemed to have your heart. Meet Caracas Startup of the Year winner Yummy Inc. First Food Delivery App in Venezuela Recife A suitable combo between gaming and education, Recife Startup of the Year winner brings revolutionary solutions. Let’s meet them. Joy Street Joy Street offers develops video games focused on educational needs. Rosario, Argentina The winner of Rosario Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Gbot Gbot is an autonomous robot that controls weeds without using agrochemicals. We also collect data in fields and generate precision maps. Vila Olímpia, Brazil The winner of Vila Olímpia Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Seekr Seekr operates in the Information Technology sector, providing tools for managing and monitoring of brands. Barueri The winner of Barueri Startup of the Year award for 2021 is.... Glic Brazilian mhealth (web/app) platform for diabetes management Brasília The winner of Brasília Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Ticies Ticies is a social network that helps people plan where to go with their friends, relatives and acquaintances, in all cities of the world. Juiz De Fora The winner of Juiz De Fora Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Qranio Qranio is a gamified mobile learning platform for enterprises that rewards learning and stimulates users to engage with educational content. La Paz The winner of La Paz Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Jukumari Advice 360 photo based market place for responsible tour operators Temuco The winner of Temuco Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... GoFeels GoFeels is the first independent hospitality network in the world. We promote collaborative work among hotels around the world. Vitacura The winner of Vitacura Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... MeatMe MeatMe delivers meats and accessories to have a culinary experience. Barranquilla The winner of Barranquilla Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Mandaos Mandaos is a digital platform that connects companies and people with a network of independent messengers Ceará The winner of Ceará Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Caroá Caroá is a cooperative that sells 34 varieties of vegetables, organic fruits, and vegetables. Chapecó The winner of Chapecó Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... HortiAgro HortiAgro is a seed and fertilizer market. Chile Chico The winner of Chile Chico Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Gleengo Gleengo connects children with their favorite toys, through a tiny device and an application based on text-to-voice. Goiânia The winner of Goiânia Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Auvo Auvo is an external teams management software. Itá The winner of Itá Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... TISSUELAB Tissuelab is a research and development center focused on biotechnology, and systems for reconstructive musculoskeletal surgery. Jardim Paulista The winner of Jardim Paulista Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... DiviCom DiviCom is a digital video networking company that designs, integrates, and markets complete systems. João Pessoa The winner of João Pessoa Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... YupiPlay YupiPlay develops and offers an educational gaming platform. La Reina The winner of La Reina Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... INTI-TECH INTI-TECH is the fastest growing renewable energy in Chile and the world's leading unconventional source. Leme The winner of Leme Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... EcoStart EcoStart focuses on manufacturing sustainable electric bicycles, fans, and accessories. Loja The winner of Loja Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Enerwi Corporation Keeping people connected and secured through wireless charging novel solutions Manizales The winner of Manizales Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Porter Metrics Porter Metrics has developed an automated solution for generating social media reports in minutes. Nova Lima The winner of Nova Lima Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Biomimetic Solutions Biomimetic Solutions is an innovative tissue engineering company. Paraná The winner of Paraná Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Laura Laura is a provider of artificial intelligence and predictive analytics platform for hospitala and clinics to prevent damage & reduce costs. Salvador The winner of Salvador Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Sanar Sanar is a platform that focuses on being the doctor's guide and support, offering specialized content that helps in their development. Santa Catarina The winner of Santa Catarina Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... DrPOCKET Sunchales The winner of Sunchales Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Eolo Pharma Eolo Pharma focuses on developing drugs targeting the molecular and cellular basis of inflammation-related diseases Valparaiso The winner of Valparaiso Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Invitta Invitta transforms plastic waste into a high-performance construction material for manufacturing sustainable urban furniture. Vila Velha The winner of Vila Velha Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... OneGrid OneGrid is a developer of hardware and software solutions focused on energy management. Indaiatuba The winner of Indaiatuba Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... DWUL Energy Renewable Energy Campinas, Brazil The winner of Campinas Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Ativy Ativy is an IT company specialized in cloud computing, data centers, IT outsourcing, service desk, and IT management. Las Condes, Chile The winner of Las Condes Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... # MuvPass Subscription services that allows it's users unlimited access to fitness classes in the best gyms and studios in Latin America. Pinheiros, Brazil The winner of Pinheiros Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... GuiaBolso GuiaBolso is a personal finance platform that empowers people to take control of financial well-being. Rio, Brazil The winner of Rio Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... EmCasa EmCasa is a vertically-integrated platform that helps customers buy and sell a home in Latin America, starting in Brazil. Guayaquil The winner of Guayaquil Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Sabroso Online platform for LatAm's enterprises to order low-cost meals Jundiaí The winner of Jundiaí Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Sintecsys Sintecsys offers a fast and effective detection, reducing losses and costs with fire brigades. Minas Gerais The winner of Minas Gerais Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Rizoflora Biotechnology Rizoflora Biotechnology is a producer of biological product designed for nematodes control. São Caetano Do Sul The winner of São Caetano Do Sul Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Wevo 1 iPaaS in Latam - Enabling companies to be truly digital companies with APIs, systems and data integrated into a single platform Canoas The winner of Canoas Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... ContaÁgil ContaÁgil facilitates and reduces bureaucracy in accounting routines of companies. Chile The winner of Chile Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Unight Unight is the future of nightlife social media. Israelândia The winner of Israelândia Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Matchpool Matchpool is a platform that creates human connections. La Plata The winner of La Plata Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Pixivus Pixivus offers a community-based application that enables its users to collect, store, and share pictures of events. Novo Hamburgo The winner of Novo Hamburgo Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Devorando Devorando offers an online food ordering system and menus available in restaurants based in Brazil. Pernambuco The winner of Pernambuco Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Redu Redu is a distant learning platform which is built on a social networking structure. Providencia The winner of Providencia Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... # TrainFES TrainFES is a medical Devices for the rehabilitation of people with paralysis. Ribeirão Prêto The winner of Ribeirão Prêto Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... AllyHub Ally is a sales distribution channel technology that connects Schools and Service Providers with Education Agencies. Santa Cruz De La Sierra The winner of Santa Cruz De La Sierra Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... Mobi Latam Mobi Latam is a clean energy startup that focuses on transportation systems based on electric mobility. Santana De Parnaíba The winner of Santana De Parnaíba Startup of the Year award for 2021 is... MercadoLivre.com is an e-commerce technology company providing solutions to individuals and companies buying, selling, and more online. MercandoLivre.com More Information If you’re a winner, please answer ! If you’re a reader, participant, just a curious individual, consider answering one of our interviews . this interview here Read the FAQs about or . 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Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Brief Review of Wedge Holography Emerging Multiverse from Wedge Holography Application to Information Paradox Application to Grandfather Paradox Conclusion Acknowledgements and References 3 Emerging Multiverse from Wedge Holography In this section, we discuss how one can describe multiverse from wedge holography. 3.1 Anti de-Sitter Background In this subsection, we construct a multiverse from AdS spacetimes. Let us first start with the simplest case discussed in 2. To describe multiverse, we need multiple Karch-Randall branes located at r = ±nρ such that bulk metric should satisfy Neumann boundary condition at the aforementioned locations. Extrinsic curvature on the Karch-Randall brane and its trace is computed as: Three descriptions of our setup are as follows: • d-dimensional boundary conformal field theory with (d − 1)- dimensional boundary. Boundary description: • All 2n gravitating systems are connected at the interface point by transparent boundary condition. Intermediate description: • Einstein gravity in the (d + 1)-dimensional bulk. Bulk description: We see that in the intermediate description, there is a transparent boundary condition at the defect; therefore multiverse constructed in this setup consists of communicative universes localized on Karch-Randall branes (see Figs. 2,3). Wedge holography dictionary for “multiverse” with 2n AdS branes can be stated as follows. 3.2 de-Sitter Background In this subsection, we study the realization of the multiverse in such a way that the geometry of Karch-Randall branes is of de-Sitter spacetime. Wedge holography with de-Sitter metric on Karch-Randall branes was discussed in [42] where the bulk spacetime is AdS spacetime and in [52] with flat space bulk metric. Before going into the details of construction of “multiverse” with de-Sitter geometry on Karch-Randall branes, first let us summarise some key points of [52]. Authors in [52] constructed wedge holography in (d + 1)-dimensional flat spacetime with Lorentzian signature. Karch-Randall branes in their construction have either geometry of d dimensional hyperbolic space or de-Sitter space. Since our interest lies in the de-Sitter space therefore we only discuss the results related to the same. Geometry of the defect is S d−1 . Wedge holography states that Third line in the above duality is coming from dS/CFT correspondence [53, 54]. Authors in [52] explicitly calculated the central charge of dual CFT which was imaginary and hence CFT living at the defect is non-unitary. The above discussion also applies to the AdS bulk as well. In this case one can state the wedge holographic dictionary as: branes are obtained as: • d-dimensional BCFT with (d − 1)-dimensional defect. Boundary description: • 2n gravitating systems with de-Sitter geometry connected to each other at the (d − 1)-dimensional defect. Intermediate description: • (d + 1)-dimensional Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant in the bulk. Bulk description: First and third description are related to each other via AdS/BCFT correspondence and (d−1)- dimensional defect which is non-unitary CFT exists because of dS/CFT correspondence [53, 54]. de-Sitter space exists for finite time and then disappear. Another de-Sitter space born after the disappearance of previous one [55]. Therefore it is possible to have a “multiverse” (say M1) with de-Sitter branes provided all of them should be created at the same “creation time” [7] but this will exist for finite time and then M1 disappears. After disappearance of M1, other multiverse (say M2) consists of many de-Sitter branes born with same creation of time of all the de-Sitter branes. 3.3 Braneworld Consists of Anti de-Sitter and de-Sitter Spacetimes In this subsection, we have discussed the embedding of different types of Karch-Randall branes in the different bulks which are disconnected from each other. Authors in [55] have discussed the various possibilities of embedding of different types of branes, e.g., Minkowski, de-Sitter and anti de-Sitter branes in the same bulk. Existence of various branes are characterized by creation time τ∗. There is finite amount of time for which Minkowski and de-Sitter branes born and there is no cration time for anti de-Sitter branes. Out of various possibilities discussed in [55], it was pointed by authors that one can see Minkowski, de-Sitter and anti de-Sitter brane at the same time with creation time τ∗ = −π/2 in a specific bulk. In this case, branes have time dependent position. First we will summarise this result [10] and then comment on the realization of the same from wedge holography. Bulk AdS5 metric has the following form: One can construct doubly holographic setup from (19) using the idea of AdS/BCFT. Let us state the three possible descriptions of doubly holographic setup constructed from (19). Comment on the Wedge Holographic Realization of Mismatched Branes: • 4D quantum field theory (QFT) at conformal boundary of (19). Boundary description: • Dynamical gravity localized on 4D end-of-the-world brane coupled to 4D boundary QFT. Intermediate description: • 4D QFT defined in the first description has 5D gravity dual whose metric is (19). Bulk description: Due to covariant nature of AdS/CFT duality it remains the same if one works with the changed coordinates in the bulk i.e. different parametrisations of AdS does not imply different dualities [11] and therefore in the above doubly holographic setup, we expect defect to be 3-dimensional conformal field theory because 4-dimensional gravity is just FRW parametrization of AdS4 spacetime (20). Relationship between boundary and bulk description is due to AdS/CFT correspondence, in particular, this kind of duality was studied in [56] where bulk is de-Sitter parametrization of AdS4 and conformal field theory is QFT on dS3. As discussed in detail in appendix of [55] and summarised in this subsection that one can also have de-Sitter and Minkowski branes in this particular coordinate system (19). If one works with de-Sitter metric (21) on end-of-the-world brane then we expect defect CFT to be non-unitary. Due to dynamical nature of gravity on Karch-Randall brane, holographic dictionary is not well understood in the braneworld scenario. A Now let us discuss what is the issue in describing wedge holography with “mismatched branes”. Wedge holography has “defect CFT” which comes due to dynamical gravity on Karch-Randall branes. Suppose we have two Karch-Randall branes with different geometry, one of them is AdS brane and the other one is de-Sitter brane. Then due to AdS brane, defect CFT should be unitary and due to de-Sitter brane, defect CFT should be non-unitary. It seems that we have two different CFTs at the same defect. This situation will not change even one considers four branes or in general 2n branes. Hence, one may not be able to describe “multiverse” with mismatched branes from wedge holography. That was just an assumption. Common boundary of multiverses M1 and M2 (described in Fig. 5) can’t be the same even when geometry is (19) due to “time-dependent” position of branes. All the AdS branes in M1 can communicate with each other via transparent boundary conditions at the defect and similarly all the de-Sitter branes in M2 are able to communicate with each other. But there is no communication between M1 and M2 even in (19). Therefore we conclude that we can create multiverse of same branes(AdS or de-Sitter) but not the mixture of two. Hence issue of mismatched branes do not alter from wedge holography perspective too. Multiverse of AdS branes exists forever whereas multiverse of de-Sitter branes has finite lifetime [12] . [3] It seems that some of branes have negative tension. Let us discuss the case when branes are located at −nρ1 and nρ2 with ρ1 6= ρ2. In this case tensions of branes are (d − 1) tanh(−nρ1) and (d − 1) tanh(nρ2). Negative tension issue can be resolved when we consider ρ1 < 0 and ρ2 > 0 similar to [48]. Therefore this fixes the brains stability issue in our setup. This discussion is also applicable to the case when ρ1 = ρ2. [4] When we discuss multiverse then α and β will take 2n values whereas when we discuss wedge holography then α, β = 1, 2 [5] Explicit derivation of (14) was done in [42] for two Karch-Randall branes. One can generalize the same for 2n Karch-Randall branes. In this setup upper limit of integration will be different for different locations of Karch-Randall branes. [6] See [42] for the explicit derivation. Only difference is that, in our setup, we have β = 1, 2, ..., n. [7] Creation time is defined as the “time” when any universe born [55]. [8] In this case, warp factor will be different in the bulk metric. Exact metric is given in (45). [9] We thank J. Maldacena for comment on this. [10] For more details, see [55] [11] We thank K. Skenderis to clarify this to us and pointing out his interesting paper [56] [12] We thank A. Karch for very helpful discussions on the existence of de-Sitter branes and issue of mismatched branes in wedge holography. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Understanding Multiverse Construction through Wedge Holography

ওয়েজ হলগ্রাফির মাধ্যমে মাল্টিভার্স কনস্ট্রাকশন বোঝা

Verständnis der Multiversumskonstruktion durch Keilholographie

Comprender la construcción del multiverso a través de la holografía en cuña

Comprendre la construction du multivers grâce à l'holographie Wedge

वेज होलोग्राफी के माध्यम से मल्टीवर्स कंस्ट्रक्शन को समझना

ウェッジホログラフィーによる多元宇宙構築の理解

웨지 홀로그래피를 통한 다중우주 구성 이해

Compreendendo a construção do multiverso por meio da holografia em cunha

Понимание конструкции мультивселенной с помощью клиновой голографии

Wedge Holografisi Aracılığıyla Çoklu Evren Yapısını Anlamak

Tìm hiểu cấu trúc đa vũ trụ thông qua hình ảnh ba chiều Wedge

通过楔形全息术理解多元宇宙的构造

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Brief Review of Wedge Holography Emerging Multiverse from Wedge Holography Application to Information Paradox Application to Grandfather Paradox Conclusion Acknowledgements and References 2 Brief Review of Wedge Holography • CF Td−1 living on the wedge of common boundaries of two AdSd’s. Boundary description: • Two Karch-Randall branes of geometry AdSd (Q1 and Q2) glued to each other at the interface point by a transparent boundary condition. Intermediate description: • Einstein gravity in (d + 1)-dimensional bulk, AdSd+1. Bulk description: Precisely, correspondence can be interpreted as: “Classical gravity in (d + 1)-dimensions has a holographic dual theory on the defect which is CFT in (d − 1)-dimensions”. Wedge holography is useful in the computation of the Page curve of black holes. Let us understand this connection. In the intermediate description, we consider a black hole on Q2 whose Hawking radiation will be collected by weakly gravitating bath Q1 (i.e., T1 < T2). To calculate the entanglement entropy in the intermediate description, one is required to use the semiclassical formula: where γ is the minimal surface in bulk. In wedge holography, there is one more extremal surface, Hartman-Maldacena surface [30], which starts at the defect, crosses the horizons, and meets its thermofield double. By plotting the entanglement entropies contributions of these surfaces, we can get the Page curve [2]. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

A Brief Review of Wedge Holography

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In the world of tech, innovation is at its heart, and product managers are right at its core. We had a chance to sit down with , the brains behind and a celebrated Product Management Advisor & Coach. With more than 20 years under her belt, Wendy-Lynn has seen it all. As we chatted, she distilled the essence of a top-notch PM into three foundational traits: Communication, Curiosity, and Data-Driven Decision Making. Wendy-Lynn McClean intrico.io Communication: More Than Just Words " " Wendy-Lynn mentions. " " For her, effective communication goes beyond simple words. It's about active listening, crafting compelling narratives, and simplifying concepts. She recalls a moment when an executive's simple act of glancing at their phone spoke volumes about their disinterest. " " she notes. Being a product manager is like being the ultimate translator of ideas, We constantly bridge gaps – whether it's between teams, stakeholders, or end-users. Sometimes, the silent cues like body language or the atmosphere in a room convey more than any words ever could, She adds, " " A product’s story can inspire teams, align visions, and ignite passion. But remember, storytelling isn't just about the story itself, but how effectively you communicate it. Curiosity: The Bedrock of Innovation Wendy-Lynn believes that curiosity is the often-overlooked champion in product management. " " she explains with enthusiasm. 'Why does this challenge keep coming up for users? Or what draws one group to our product but turns another away?' It's what connects us from seeing a problem to actually solving it, " " she says. A product manager's world is filled with ambiguities. If you aren’t innately curious, you might find it challenging to navigate these uncertainties, Data-Driven Decision Making: The Compass in Chaos While data might seem like a modern catchword, Wendy-Lynn insists it's the compass guiding a PM's journey. " " However, she is quick to note that being data-driven doesn't imply being data-blinded. "It's not just about what the numbers tell you, but also about what they might not be saying." The ocean of product management is vast and often loud. Data becomes your North Star, offering insights and direction. Drawing from Douglas Hubbard’s wisdom, Wendy-Lynn reiterates that while data is a powerful tool, intuition born out of experience and knowledge often fills in the gaps that raw data might miss. Beyond The Core: A Holistic View When asked about other often-cited traits like empathy or adaptability, Wendy-Lynn believes that they naturally intertwine with the three core traits she emphasizes. " " she explains. A curious PM will inherently be empathetic. They'll seek to understand user pain points, team dynamics, and broader market shifts, Reflecting on her unconventional transition from the wine industry to the echelons of tech giants like Amazon and Google, Wendy-Lynn's story is a testament to the power of adaptability, fueled by inherent curiosity and informed by data. Her passion extends beyond her role, deeply rooted in mentoring emerging talent, especially from underrepresented backgrounds. She remarks, " " Coaching isn’t about sugarcoating. My approach is direct, ensuring that my clients, fortified with honest feedback, are ready to face any challenge. As our conversation wraps up, it's evident that Wendy-Lynn McClean’s insights offer invaluable guidance for aspiring product managers. With a steadfast focus on nurturing communication skills, fostering curiosity, and cultivating a data-driven mindset, PMs can indeed steer their products—and careers—toward unparalleled success.

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