While WM enjoys market leadership, consistent growth and eco-friendly initiatives, it may have to navigate environmental regulations and high capital costs.

Why You Should Hold Waste Management Stock in Your Portfolio Now

KUALA LUMPUR: The National Circular Economy Council (NCEC) has agreed to a legislative transformation to ensure the circular economy for solid waste management can operate smoothly nationwide.

NCEC agrees to waste management law reform | The Star

Naza Corp Holdings Sdn Bhd has completed the acquisition of a 100% stake in Berjaya Enviro Holdings Sdn Bhd (BEnviro) from Berjaya Corp Bhd for RM700 million in cash, marking its entry into the green economy with a focus on municipal and scheduled waste, as well as the waste-to-energy sector.

Naza completes acquisition of waste management company from Berjaya for RM700m cash

KPKT, NCEC, recycling, Bill, circular economy, ina

BERNAMA - NCEC AGREES TO LEGISLATIVE TRANSFORMATION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) has published our 2023 annual report, Creating the future together. The report looks at our accomplishments over the last year as we implement Canada&#x27;s plan for the safe, long-term management of used nuclear fuel and begin planning for other ...

The NWMO's 2023 annual report shows movement towards site selection with meaningful collaboration

Let’s talk about recycling a lot of people mean well, but is your hard work actually ending up going where it&#x27;s supposed to?

Virginia Beach Waste Management clarifies when to recycle, when to throw out

Indian River County residents may soon pay quite a bit more for monthly trash collection next year.

Indian River County residents could face major garbage rate hikes

When it’s time for a new cellphone or laptop, the old models can be recycled and repurposed. But when they’re simply discarded, they can do some serious damage.

Advocates support proper disposal as amount of e-waste rises

Waste Management will be implementing a 6% price increase for trash collection in Reno starting on April 1st.

Waste Management Increasing Fees in Reno Starting in April | News | 2news.com

A United Nations report warns that waste from electronics, called “e-waste,” is increasing worldwide. It adds that recycling rates of e-waste remain low. Some experts worry about e-waste’s environmental harm and the health of workers who deal with it.

UN Report: Electronic Waste Is Piling up

Waste Management

wastemanagement

In today's digital world, we're witnessing a significant increase in eco-initiatives, each designed to enhance environmental sustainability and integrate greener practices into our daily lives. These innovative endeavors are transforming traditional practices, infusing technology and creativity into environmental conservation. Today, I’m excited to introduce Sergey Shayakhmetov, the founder of , whose vision is reshaping how we approach waste management. In this insightful interview, Sergey delves into the technologies powering the transformation of waste management, and their impact on user behavior and environmental sustainability. Binpong How did the idea of Binpong originate, and what inspired you to gamify the recycling experience? The concept was born from a straightforward yet impactful realization: while recycling is essential, it's often viewed as tedious. We set out to change this perception. Drawing inspiration from apps like SweatCoin, which turn physical activity into a game, we recognized the potential to do the same with recycling. Our aim was to elevate recycling beyond its environmental benefits, making it both enjoyable and rewarding for individuals. By incorporating gaming elements and incentives, we've reimagined recycling as an exciting and fulfilling activity. Our strategy is to encourage sustainable behaviors by integrating them into everyday life as enjoyable experiences. Could you delve into the technology behind the app and explain how it works? The process involves three simple steps. First, users take a photo of their recyclable item, such as a bottle, near a recycling bin and submit this image through the app. Upon successful submission, users automatically receive tokens as a reward for their recycling efforts. These tokens can then be exchanged within the app's marketplace for various goods and services. This system not only incentivizes recycling but also creates a tangible link between responsible environmental actions and immediate rewards, encouraging users to participate actively in recycling activities. Our current focus is on enhancing user experience and accuracy in waste management, while the integration of blockchain technology is paused due to regulatory compliance issues. The AI-driven features at Binpong include: Bin Evaluation: This feature utilizes AI to accurately distinguish between recycling bins and general waste bins, as indicated on our map. This ensures users receive dependable information. AI-Generated Bin Descriptions: Leveraging Generative AI, the app offers comprehensive descriptions of recycling bins. These are created from images uploaded by users and include details on location, the types of materials accepted, and specific usage instructions. Recycling Verification: A key aspect of our platform is the verification of recycling actions through AI. It analyzes photos submitted by users to confirm whether recycling guidelines are being correctly followed. This verification is a fundamental part of our rewards system. In a sea of recycling initiatives, your platform stands out with its gamification model. How does turning recycling into a game set it apart, and what impact does it have on user engagement and participation? Imagine tossing a bottle into a recycling bin and feeling like you’ve just scored the winning goal in a game. That’s what we do – make recycling an exhilarating, reward-filled adventure. It’s not just about being eco-friendly; it’s about having a blast while doing it. Our approach transforms mundane recycling tasks into a thrilling game with levels, rewards, and a dash of friendly competition. Users are not only recycling; they’re also vying for top spots on leaderboards and forming teams, turning it into a social, community-driven activity. This fun factor significantly ramps up participation. People who might have shrugged off recycling are now eagerly joining in, drawn by the excitement and instant gratification of our gamified system. Plus, it’s not just a one-time thing. This addictive gaming element is turning recycling into a daily, joy-filled habit. In essence, this is where saving the planet meets the fun of gaming, creating a vibrant community of eco-heroes who are as enthusiastic about earning points as they are about protecting the environment. How do users receive rewards? What mechanisms or processes are in place for users to earn rewards? Users begin by locating a recyclable item, disposing of it in a recycling bin, and capturing the action using the app. The app’s AI then verifies the recycling activity and awards users with Pongs, a form of digital currency. These Pongs can be used within the app's marketplace to access various offers and discounts provided by eco-friendly partners. So, the process for users to receive rewards is both engaging and environmentally conscious. Moreover, the app fosters a sense of community and friendly competition. Users can join forces with friends, forming groups to undertake collective recycling challenges, thereby earning additional Pongs. The app also introduces special challenges and competitions, adding an element of excitement to the recycling process. Thus, recycling is transformed into a rewarding and sociable activity, contributing to environmental conservation. How are you fostering a sense of community among users, and how does the power of collective action contribute to the platform's mission? The concept of recycling transcends individual action and transforms into a collective eco-movement, powered by the formation of clans. These clans, akin to eco-justice leagues, unite users in a shared mission to excel in recycling efforts. Each clan is more than a team; it's a vibrant community where members exchange tips, encouragement, and stories of recycling victories. The platform introduces an exciting twist with clan challenges, turning recycling into a friendly yet impactful competition. It's not just about individual accolades; it's about visualizing the collective impact of combined recycling endeavors. In this sense, it's a crusade for environmental sustainability, where each clan and its members play a crucial role in the fight against waste, contributing to a cleaner, greener planet. With the incentivization of recycling, how have you observed shifts in user behavior, and what measurable impacts has the platform had on waste reduction and environmental sustainability? Since launching Binpong, we're still in the early days to pinpoint a definitive shift in user behavior. Nonetheless, there's a notable global interest, ranging from Namibia to Sweden, and from Osaka to Dubai. Particularly impressive is the significant engagement in Japan, a country with high recycling benchmarks, where users have notably embraced the app, forming its most active group. This broad enthusiasm, particularly in Japan, suggests a wide-reaching appeal for the gamified recycling model. Although it's the initial phase, the widespread adoption indicates that the platform is successfully making recycling an engaging and rewarding global activity. How do you establish partnerships? What criteria or requirements do potential partners need to meet to collaborate with the platform? In our approach to partnership, the emphasis is on aligning with businesses that share a commitment to sustainability and innovation. The focus is on collaborating with companies from various sectors, such as gaming, mobile apps, aggregators, and neo-banks, who are enthusiastic about eco-friendly initiatives. The ideal partners are those who not only align with our environmental goals but also bring a unique and engaging experience to users. The objective is to integrate technological advancements with ecological commitments, ensuring that each partnership contributes significantly to promoting recycling on a global scale. What is your long-term vision, and how does the platform aim to address broader waste management challenges? Are you planning to add new features? We are setting our sights on becoming a major player in waste management, with an ambitious vision to make eco-friendly practices as engaging as a high-score challenge in a game. The goal extends beyond recycling common items like bottles and cans. Plans include integrating diverse waste management solutions, such as composting initiatives and reducing single-use plastics, utilizing smart data for more efficient waste handling, and collaborating with community figures to simplify recycling processes. Future enhancements for the platform involve interactive challenges, enticing rewards, and fostering a community atmosphere, all aimed at making environmental responsibility an enjoyable and widely embraced endeavor.

Revolutionizing Recycling: Turning Waste Management Into a Digital Game

As the world's population grows, finding ways to reduce waste and conserve resources is becoming increasingly important. Governments, businesses and individuals work together to implement efficient and sustainable waste management technologies to achieve this goal. The problem of waste is an increasingly severe environmental issue worldwide. reports that by 2050 humans will produce 3.4 billion metric tons of waste annually. Therefore, it is essential to address this growing problem; experts in and innovative technologies can help revamp waste handling and disposal for enhanced efficiency and environmental protection. Statista sustainability consulting What is waste management technology? Software development and innovative technologies are playing a significant role in improving waste management. Waste management technology refers to the various methods and techniques used to manage, treat, and dispose of waste materials in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. It includes solutions powered by advanced sensors, automation, artificial intelligence and other technologies that are used for collecting, sorting, recycling, composting, incinerating, and landfilling waste. Waste management technologies are vital to unlocking a range of environmental benefits. Here are some of the most common ones: Amongst the most significant is an – helping to ensure that rubbish is gathered and dealt with promptly and effectively, minimising the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or pollutes the environment while maximising resource recovery and energy generation from waste. efficient waste collection Another benefit is utilizing waste-to-energy plants to drastically. These innovative facilities convert waste into energy and effectively decrease greenhouse gas emissions - a crucial step towards preserving our planet for future generations. reduce detrimental environmental impact Implementing improved waste management methods can significantly by mitigating potential risks associated with disease and contamination from neglected refuse materials. improve public health outcomes According to the , out of the 40 million tons of plastic waste produced in the US during 2021, a mere fraction ranging between five to six per cent, equivalent to approximately two million metric tonnes, has been recycled. The adoption of waste management technologies can result in a significant . Thus, not only reducing the amount of waste in landfills but also conserving natural resources and curtailing the need for additional landfill sites. World Economic Forum increase in recycling rates Overall, waste management technologies provide various ecological advantages that help protect our planet for future generations. Waste Management: key technologies and real-life applications The latest waste management technologies positively impact the environment by helping to tackle global problems sustainably. These cutting-edge solutions are designed to adapt to the needs of modern businesses, cities and urban landscapes and are implemented worldwide. Here are some of the most promising: 1. Waste management applications Waste management applications are the ultimate solution for individuals and businesses seeking to manage waste efficiently and sustainably. These apps offer many features that simplify waste management, from tracking production levels to identifying optimal disposal options. Whether on a smartphone, tablet, or computer, there are numerous waste management apps. While all these apps offer similar functionality, mobile apps are more convenient for users who require access to waste management information while moving. Additionally, businesses may wish to consider developing their own custom app tailored specifically to their unique needs to maximize efficiency and minimize waste. Some common features of mobile and desktop waste management apps include: – helps users reduce the amount and type of waste they generate over time. By tracking their waste output, users can identify patterns and areas where they can make changes to reduce their overall impact. Waste tracking – apps can offer invaluable tips and advice on reducing your waste footprint, from recycling strategies to composting techniques and beyond. Waste reduction tips – apps can help users discover how to dispose of various types of waste, such as hazardous materials or electronic waste. Disposal options – users can generate reports on their waste management practices, which can be essential for businesses or organizations looking to track their sustainability efforts. Reporting At ELEKS, we have successful implemented this technology. Our client eTracks launched its Sustainable Recovery Platform – powered by ELEKS – to help manage recyclable materials, organisations' compliance with regulations, and resource recovery data accuracy. The platform aims to divert waste from landfills and support a circular economy. Read more about the solution here: . A Comprehensive Data Management Platform to Manage Recycling Processes Data from End to End 2. Smart waste bins If you're looking for a way to modernize your waste management system, installing smart bins is the answer. Smart waste bins are equipped with sensors and other advanced technologies, like artificial intelligence of things, computer vision, robotics, etc., that enable them to collect data on the amount of waste being generated, monitor fill levels, and optimize collection routes. These hi-tech containers can detect when they need to be emptied and alert users accordingly. Waste sorting is an integral part of environmentally-conscious waste disposal, but many people make mistakes when disposing of their waste materials. Artificial intelligence-powered smart bins can help eliminate human error and make the process more efficient. These smart bins can differentiate between recyclable materials and regular waste, making it easier for us to recycle properly. This technology is already being successfully implemented in many real-life scenarios. For example, , smart waste bin, sorts and compresses waste automatically, controls the fill level, and processes data for convenient waste management. Another example is smart bins that use solar power to compact waste and send notifications when they need to be emptied. As more and more businesses adopt these technologies, it becomes clearer that they are highly effective at streamlining operations and reducing costs. Bin-e Bigbelly 3. AI and robotics waste sorting AI waste sorting refers to using artificial intelligence technology to sort and classify different waste materials. It involves the use of computer vision, machine learning algorithms, and robotics to identify and separate recyclable materials from non-recyclable ones. The process begins with a camera or sensor system that captures images of the waste material as it moves along a conveyor belt. The AI system then analyses these images using pattern recognition algorithms to identify different types of materials, such as plastic, metal, glass, paper, and organic waste. Once identified, the AI system directs robots or other mechanical devices to pick up and sort each type of material into designated bins or containers. This automated process is faster and more efficient than manual sorting methods, reducing labor costs and increasing recycling rates. For instance, , a multi-utility company in Italy, set out to capture footage of incoming garbage to automate trash identification using AI technology for reuse and recovery purposes. Another example is German startup , which makes autonomous trash-picking robots that use AI and machine vision to identify and automatically pick up cigarette butts, bottle caps, or plastic scraps in parks. The sensors help the robot avoid collisions during autonomous navigation while also reducing the time spent by cleaning personnel so they can focus on other demanding tasks. HERA Angsa Robotics Key takeaways Waste management technology is vital to addressing the burgeoning problem of waste production, conserving resources and safeguarding the environment. The advantages of waste management technology include more efficient waste collection, exploiting wasted energy plants, enhanced public health outcomes and an increase in recycling rates. Waste management technologies, such as waste management applications, smart waste bins, and AI and robotics waste sorting, are already being implemented globally, offering numerous ecological advantages that help protect our planet for future generations. Looking to take your business up a notch and make your operations more sustainable? Get in touch with our experts today! Also published . here

Boosting Business Sustainability Through Waste Management Technology

Impulsar la sostenibilidad empresarial a través de la tecnología de gestión de residuos

Stimuler la durabilité des entreprises grâce à la technologie de gestion des déchets

अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन प्रौद्योगिकी के माध्यम से व्यावसायिक स्थिरता को बढ़ावा देना

廃棄物管理技術で事業の持続可能性を高める

Impulsionando a sustentabilidade dos negócios por meio da tecnologia de gerenciamento de resíduos

Thúc đẩy sự bền vững của doanh nghiệp thông qua công nghệ quản lý chất thải

通过废物管理技术促进业务可持续性

HackerNoon Reporter: Please tell us briefly about your  background I am a software engineer with a strong passion for mobile. I’ve been developing apps since the first iOS SDK and never looked back. I have also played other roles, such as Product Manager and Product Owner for Startups and Product Companies. I consider myself a product-oriented CTO. What's your startup called? And in a sentence or two, what does it do? Our Startup is called RecycleSmart and we are ‘Uber for Waste.‘ You book a pickup, prepare your (hard to recycle) waste, and we collect it and dispose/recycle it for you. What is the origin story? We had a similar startup, also 8 years ago. We were inspecting peoples’ bins to determine contamination rates. It was very expensive and we weren’t solving any problems. Sending people feedback after the inspections wasn’t enough in the council’s eyes. After two years we had to shut down. My Co-founder and I were stuck with the problems of shutting down. Knowing that there was much more to do in the space, and if it wasn't going to be us, someone else would have done it. So after 5 years of playing in the education space for the waste industry, we got our chance with the Anlter program.. a famous incubator in Sydney. This time we decided to collect and sort people’s waste from their houses. And here we are. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? My team is composed of people who are really passionate about recycling. It’s our opportunity to do something good, and it’s really rare. I don’t want to work for banks anymore. We are unique because we are a plug-and-play business. In the government space, the hardest thing is to do is to get contracts. We managed to do it because we don’t cost much and we don’t lock councils in endless contracts. We operate differently from big collectors in the industry. We don’t recycle anything ourselves - we are just the last mile logistic. We do collection and sorting for single households. Then we leverage the existing local infrastructure for recycling the items we collect. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? Probably building something else. At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your core metrics? Two simple metrics: how many new councils we acquire over 3 months and how many bags we collect per council per user per month. Sounds hard but it’s quite simple. We are growing, so if the numbers keep on going up we are doing a good job. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? The fact that we have an almost 60% retention rate! What technologies are you currently most excited about, and most worried about? And why? Flutter - I am excited because it’s super easy to produce awesome results! I am very scared by Flutter because of the famous Google graveyard. What drew you to get published on HackerNoon? What do you like most about our platform? I got invited. However, I have used the platform many times in the past.  It’s very well known in the community and it’s a privilege to get some recognition for hard work. What advice would you give to the 21-year-old version of yourself? Be strong and patient. What is something surprising you've learned this year that your contemporaries would benefit from knowing? Mental Health is the most important thing for a startup founder. Coping with the ups and downs may not be something you are ever ready for. Vote for RecycleSmart as the . Startup of the Year, Sydney

'RecycleSmart is Uber for Waste Management,' says Marco, CTO and Founder

One-third of the total food produced is wasted according to the . It is approximately 1.3 billion tonnes and food scarcity is one of the major concerns globally. Isn’t it strange and funny? Food And Agriculture Association of the United Nations Once this issue came into the spotlight, 10 world’s largest food concerns like Unilever and General Mills pledged to share the success of their programs related to the curbing of food waste. Are you also facing the issue of excessive food wastage at your place? And looking for some innovative ideas to curb the food waste? In this blog we will be answering the following questions for every business operating in the food industry: What is the best technology for curbing food waste? What will happen if I do not follow a proper food wastage management process? What can AI do for reducing food wastage? What are the latest AI-Based applications available in the market which I can use for curbing food waste at my place? Are there any conglomerates which are using these AI-based apps? Companies all over the world are working on this issue after the United Nations told the world four years ago to half the total food wastage by 2030. There can be dire repercussions if this issue is not looked after immediately. Harmful results of not curbing food waste Food wastage has severe effects on the environment. If dumped in the landfill, it releases a greenhouse gas; methane. When the food degrades further it produces gases that are 25 times more harmful than carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere. It results in global warming and nobody here is a kid to not understand how harmful it can be for climate change and ultimately for the planet Earth. Our resources require to be saved and food is an important resource for the survival of living beings. What are the best ways for food waste management? We are not in a very good state when it comes to food management even after a strict warning from the UN. According to last year’s , the food waste will rise by 70 percent on current values by 2050. World Bank report Image source The report said that this fact holds to be true only when there are no urgent steps taken immediately. In the past few years, various companies have started deploying Artificial Intelligence in the food industry to manage wastes. Businesses in the food industry and artificial intelligence development companies are working in this area to curb food wastage. The innovative ways with the help of this technology have provided remarkable outcomes. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Food Waste Management Artificial intelligence is all about developing computer-based systems that work with the same intelligence as humans. According to the Research and markets (the world’s largest market research store), the between 2019–2025 is forecasted to attain over 65.3 percent of CAGR. growth of AI in food and beverages industry Do you know how businesses and technologists are using Artificial Intelligence in food waste management? The trending technology of AI and its subsets like deep learning and machine learning are proficiently utilized in curbing food waste. For instance, recently, an artificial intelligence bin is launched by a UK based startup . This AI-bin uses a camera and smart scales to find the types of food that are being discarded. It is capable of reducing the food wastage by 50 percent and many businesses have availed this benefit. We will talk about this AI-Bin in detail later in this blog. — Winnow How AI helps in food waste management? Artificial intelligence technology-based software applications are capable of performing tasks which were only confined to the human mind. Its subset, machine learning is also playing an important role in reducing food wastage. ML works on vast data that helps in detecting types of food and their demands to manage them efficiently. These technologies are serving in unimaginable ways with various innovative tools. Let’s discover the various ways in which AI is used in the food industry, their benefits and the companies incorporating them. Following are the top uses of artificial intelligence in food waste management: Forecast food demandDetect the quality of the food sample Detect the food usually wasted 1. Artificial Intelligence in food waste management: Forecast food demand A bad demand forecasting can lead to heavy wastage in food. This is happening in supermarkets every day. You must have noticed how many food items get wasted in retail stores. To overcome this, the best in India are using machine learning in the food industry. ML works on algorithms based on large data. The data of previously wasted and sold food can help in forecasting demand. mobile app development companies This will help the supermarkets to stock the exact required amount of food. It will avoid more or less availability of food. Last year the came into a partnership with a hospital to avoid food wastage. Japanese company Hitachi The food not consumed by patients not only increases wastage but also poses harmful effects on their health. For this, they have mounted the camera on the trolleys which are used to collect the trays. Image source The camera clicks the pictures of leftovers. These photographs are later examined with the applications of deep learning (another subset of AI). This will help in identifying the patterns in leftovers which were not possible with the human mind alone. 2. Artificial Intelligence in food waste management: Detect food quality Have you ever returned a low-quality food? We all have done this many times! The same ingredients could have been used to produce an optimum quality for consumption. But unfortunately, a lot of food samples are not matching the quality standards which leads to food wastage. There is a company called which is based in the USA is using AI as a solution to this problem. They have their own food inspection system which is deploying the algorithms of deep learning. Agshift The deep learning models developed by hired software developers are capable of analyzing the defects in the sample quality. Sample images used here are a base to find out the overall quality of the food sample. 3. Artificial Intelligence in food waste management: Detect the food usually wasted The data of food that is thrown away most of the times can be an appropriate foundation to make new policies. It will help in reducing the supply of such food items. This collection is not possible with the help of human resources which brought the need for Artificial Intelligence in food safety. “A third of all food is wasted. It’s an economic, environmental and moral imperative that we reduce waste and know how it’s being wasted. We believe we have developed the answer to solve this for the hospitality industry.” said . Marc Zornes, the CEO of Winnow Here is a video of a TED talk by the CEO of winnow solutions. Have a look for a better understanding: https: //www.youtube.com/embed/BeDN5Jgg-G8 We discussed in brief about the AI-bin Winnow, let’s explore it some more. It is the first bin based on artificial intelligence technology to support the hospitality industry in its target of reducing food waste. It has reduced food waste with machine learning algorithms. The smart scales, AI-guided smart meters, and camera are used with AI technology. The system has been programmed to identify the thrown food. Whatever goes into the bin is not recorded anywhere. With the help of winnow vision, the companies can detect the food items that are discarded the most. Moreover, the AI-based bin is capable of calculating the environment and financial cost of the thrown items automatically. The solution it provides are: Improve food preparations methodsChange the menusBetter buying decisions There are many companies that have applied the technology of this marvelous system of contemporary times. Here are the popular use cases and outcomes: The first global chain of hotels that started using winnow systems is IHG resorts. Within six months, 50 percent of waste was reduced by IHG resorts through all the installations.23 stores of IKEA (food service organization) in the UK and Ireland has tested winnow and has successfully saved 1.6 million meals. Some more examples of companies using AI in food waste management: Utilizing Artificial intelligence to transform its production process of Whey protein. The manufacturers, based in Dutch, make sure to deploy the best technology to reduce food waste. With the help of new algorithms, they are also planning to improve their protein quality. DVNutrition : Serving more than 40,000 meals a day, Puget sound campus of Microsoft is using AI technology to log the items headed for the compost pile. This helps in the constant management of the orders. Microsoft: Final words: Artificial intelligence has made it possible for companies to reduce their food waste drastically. Its applications have allowed the food service organizations to become smart by forecasting the demand, detecting the quality and analyzing the thrown food. Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing the food industry of modern times. If you are also willing to contribute to the environment like Microsoft and IKEA, then hire to get an AI-based software developed for your business to curb food wastage. our software development company Take a step further in making your business operations smart and healthy for society. You are most welcome to share your innovative ideas with us in the comment section. Let’s join hands to reduce food wastes. Always remember, there is enough for everyone’s need but not for everyone’s greed!

Why We Are Automating Food Waste Management With AI?

The world is drowning in an ever-increasing heap of garbage. The rate at which waste is accumulating is turning our towns and cities into dump sites. Nations all over the world are faced with the herculean task of finding convenient and appropriate means of disposing of wastes.  Waste disposal management is one of the prime challenges faced by most countries around the world. Technological developments are opening gates for exploration and production activities, which eventually results in waste formation. Tracking Waste Using Blockchain Technology The technology that powers cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are slowly making way into waste management. It could even play a very vital role in keeping recyclables out of landfills.  The blockchain is a super-secure digital ledger, where transactions records are kept chronologically and publicly. According to experts, the technology would also make it easier to track shipments of waste and recycling. It could even help with regulatory compliance.  Jody Cleworth, the CEO of said, “The shipping of recovered materials is necessarily heavily regulated, and we’ve had a real impact in simplifying the process while remaining compliant.” Marine Transport International is a New Jersey-based freight forwarder. The company just completed a successful blockchain pilot. This pilot created a common tracking system linking up recycling suppliers, port operators, and ocean carriers. Marine Transport International Phil Rudoni, Chief Tech Officer at said that “A big issue the waste industry faces is the lack of accountability for the end destination of recycled material. Rubicon is an Atlanta-based tech startup that provides cloud-based recycling and waste services.  Waste has always been difficult to track but with blockchain, it is believed that it would be much easier. It wouldn’t be so difficult to design a system where pieces of plastic (or trash bags) could be tagged with scannable QR-Codes and then tracked at each step of the recycling supply chain. Rubicon Blockchain and Waste Management Several waste initiatives have seen the potential of incorporating blockchain technology. One if such initiative is the , a global recycling venture founded in Canada. Its main aim is to reduce plastic waste in developing countries like Haiti, Peru, Colombia, and the Philippines. It has plans to extend it’s territory this year.  The initiative pays people who bring plastic rubbish to bank recycling centers. One payment option is the use of blockchain-secured digital tokens. The tokens can be used to purchase things like food or phone-charging units in any store using the Plastic Bank app.  The plastic is then bought by companies and recycled into new consumer products. This system is more attractive because blockchain’s transparency means they can see and monitor where their investment goes. Plastic Bank Another use of blockchain in managing waste is emerging in French rail. A system made by subsidiary Arep uses blockchain to collect detailed information on station bins. This data will make it possible for station managers to see what providers have done and when. This allows them to improve waste management and optimize sorting. SNCF When it comes to waste management, it is time we look beyond the traditional methods of waste disposal. Blockchains are already beginning to provide benefits in this area and we believe they still have much more potentials that are yet untapped. To know more about Swachhcoin, visit: https://swachhcoin.com/ Link to Swachhcoin Reserve Sale: https://swachhcoin.com/sale/ Join our Community here: Official Telegram Discussion Group Twitter Channel Facebook FanPage Swachhcoin Subreddit

Smart Waste Management And BlockChain Technology

Introduction To adequately understand the application of Ethereum DAO in waste management, an examination of the basic concepts becomes necessary. One such concept is Ethereum. Ethereum refers to a decentralized platform on the blockchain technology that allows developers to build and deploy decentralized applications (dApps). Ethereum runs smart contracts and these smart contracts are applications which run exactly as they are programmed. As such, they eliminate the possibility of third-party interference, censorship, downtime, and fraud. According to , the , the Ethereum dream began from the imagination of a platform that transcends just the financial use cases that are allowed by Bitcoin. Buterin has expressed hope that Ethereum will become the solution for all the use cases of blockchain that do not have a specialized system to aid their operations. Vitalik Buterin co-founder of Ethereum Since its inception, it has gone ahead to experience rapid growth and has also enjoyed rapid adoption by a lot of developers. Several companies are also contributing directly or indirectly to the adoption of Ethereum. For instance, and are reportedly some of the organizations that have committed to support Ethereum development through the establishment of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance. This alliance has the sole purpose of ensuring that the potential of Ethereum is realized across all industries. JP Morgan Microsoft has contributed to the development of advanced solutions across several industries and the waste management industry is not left out. Waste management refers to all actions and activities involved in dealing with waste right from the production of the waste to its final disposal. That would include, waste collection, transportation, treatment, disposal, and even recycling. Ethereum Among other things, waste is managed so as to reduce the adverse effects of improper waste management on health and the environment. However, there is an inadequacy in the current waste management systems. Problems such as lack of proper collection mechanisms, disposal methods, and even lack of in-depth knowledge by the individuals about the environment have all contributed to the inadequacy of the current system. There is, therefore, a need to adopt a system that can foster proper waste management globally. It is in this sense that the application of Ethereum DAO in the waste management system becomes highly relevant. Ethereum DAO also was known as a is simply an organization operated on smart contracts. Ethereum DAO is one of Ethereum applications and is designed to eliminate the need for middlemen. It can be programmed to digitally achieve all that traditional companies can, even in a more efficient manner. Smart contracts on which the Ethereum DAO operates are simply programs that execute functions just the exact way the creators developed them. Smart contracts can be used for different purposes, including but not limited to transferring of funds and can also be used in the waste management industry. For instance, the smart contracts can be set up to automatically transfer rewards to individuals that have properly managed their waste. DAO Decentralized Autonomous Organization How Swachhcoin Projects Solves Waste Management Issues Using Ethereum Blockchain Swachhcoin was developed on the Ethereum Blockchain and that endows it with the general innate features of the Blockchain technology. Swachhcoin was specifically built to solve waste management problems using the Ethereum Blockchain and it seeks to do that through different methods. For one, Swachhcoin uses an extensive infrastructure that comprises of different smart contracts where all actions in the waste management process will be initiated and recorded in a transparent, traceable and irreversible manner. This gives room for adequate transparency in the waste management process. The fundamental properties and nature of the blockchain technology are such that altering codes, influencing or tampering with them are impossible. Also, several DAO based actions are being carried out using the Ethereum blockchain so as to streamline the traditional functioning of the current waste management industry that is run on an obsolete infrastructure. This, in the long-run, will aid a faster and more effective waste management process while also eliminating all the issues characterizing the current waste management system. , asides the typical features of a blockchain, also has advanced features. For instance, the SwBIN is programmed in such a way that it allows the feature of decentralized advertisement. With this feature, a Swachh token holder can use his tokens to pay for the advertisement of specific content on SwBIN at any location of his choice. The Swachh DAO Swachhcoin also has the Rural Welfare program, the operation of which will be aided by the Swachh DAO. The Rural Welfare Program is a program which is neither philanthropic nor charitable. It is majorly an innovative program to set up waste storage facilities in some villages (and subsequent expansion to other villages) to encourage the villagers to store their waste in the waste storage facility. The waste will be collected and the village will receive the monetary reward in the form of Rural Welfare Funds based on the calculations done by the SwBIN reward calculator. It is expected that the reward will be used for the development of such villages. This process is aided by the Swachh DAO. Another feature of the Swachh DAO is the Autonomous Philanthropy, where Swachhcoin funds for donation purposes are transferred to specific organizations in a manner which is fair and transparent. The infrastructure that exists on the Swachhcoin eliminates the possibility of funds not being distributed to the organization or person for which it was originally intended. All these are made possible as a result of the implementation of the Swachh DAO infrastructure. In conclusion, the Swachhcoin through the robust application of Ethereum DAO has a lot of potential benefits both in the short term and in the long run. Such benefits include the creation of a global decentralized waste management ecosystem, the provision of a network that offers extensive infrastructure necessary for proper waste management and the positive alteration of people’s perception about waste to see it as a profitable untapped resource. In addition, it will also benefit the environment as it will lead to an improvement in the environment and ultimately contribute to the profitability of the waste management industry. NOTE: Beware of Scammers. Always verify your channel of communication with Swachhcoin. Scammers may try to impersonate team officials. Always trust the information and links present on . Scammers may also try to scam using deceiving using similar domain names. Always be vigilant. In case you notice something suspicious, Kindly bring the same to our notice on info@swachhcoin.com www.swachhcoin.com Join Our TokenSale and avail the #HODL Offer: https://swachhcoin.com/ico Join our Community here: Official Telegram Discussion Group Twitter Channel Facebook FanPage Swachhcoin Subreddit

The Robust Application of Ethereum DAO in Waste Management

Introduction By way of definition, a smart city is a city that utilizes technology and data for the creation of more efficient results, improvement of sustainability in all sectors, fostering a wide-ranging economic development and contribution to the enhancement of the living conditions of those residing and working in that particular city. The utilization of technology to achieve these purposes covers a wide range of sectors, ranging from the health sector to the education sector and even the waste management in the cities. Technology has immensely contributed to the reduction in cost and complexity of current waste management systems thereby improving their efficiency, safety, and productivity while also reducing the impact they have on the environment. Thus, this article aims to analyze the different ways by which technology can be incorporated, and is currently being incorporated, into the waste management system of smart cities to achieve better results. www.swachhcoin.com Technology For Waste Management The complexity surrounding waste management has become more pronounced than before. More tons of trash is produced by citizens around the world and this has led to a major challenge which is how to successfully dispose of waste without opening individuals to major health issues. Specifically, the waste collection which is a component of waste management is an essential service for any city and the current system that exists can be greatly improved by using smart technology to foster increased efficiency and cause an improvement in the quality of waste collection processes. In a bid to handle these challenges and tackle the adverse effects of landfill waste, among other dangerous waste products on the environment, waste management industries globally are rethinking the different strategies. Some of these strategies include using technology for operational analytics and route optimization as these can considerably lead to achieving sustainability goals in this wise and reducing the operational costs. In addition, they are also changing how they handle waste and its disposal so as to achieve increased efficiency and enhancement of environmental protection. Thus, some of the major areas where technological tools are being utilized for those purposes include 1. Automated Waste Collection With the introduction of automated sensors that function to trigger automatic alerts each time a container is filled up and needs to be serviced, technology has impacted the workings of waste management. In fact, some other tools such as advanced disk screens and optical sorters have been introduced to make the sorting process easier and faster. In addition, the trucks used in the waste collection now run on natural gas and not diesel for operations which are quieter and more cost-effective. Further, logistics software, mobile apps and in-vehicle monitors have made the waste management process simpler while also ensuring that the driver is safe. 2. Improved Rates of Recycling Currently, waste management companies and also recycling companies are working on improving their techniques and tools. There is a recent development available in single-stream recycling which allows people to dump all their trash in one bin. That has helped to reduce people’s burden of sorting and has also impacted the recycling rate. In addition, it has contributed to the reduction of truck count as well as the emissions. 3. Route Optimization Route optimization is important in the protection of the environment and the reduction of hazardous emissions and accounts for why companies are going ahead to invest in advanced systems as well as software dedicated to optimization. These companies are now using automated trucks which have already installed robotic arms that function to save effort and time along normal routes. It has made pickups from one point to another quite eco-friendly. The technology is also quite viable financially and also improved energy efficiency. 4. Modernization of Landfill Through a harness of the power of technology, the waste management industry has succeeded in modernizing garbage dumps. The systematically engineered landfills that adequately comply with relevant regulations ensure a complete protection of health and preservation of the environment. Also, the use of solar panel systems which are integrated together with geomembrane are providing essential backings for production of energy deemed sustainable and also preventing carbon from finding its way back into the environment. 5. Faster Turnaround Periods Some waste management companies have also begun investing in technology that provides better customer experience to their customers. These companies are investing in the creation of mobile apps that are user-friendly so they can promote quicker delivery of services and even bill payments via push notifications. 6. Conversion of Waste to Energy This is one of the core ways technology is being used to transform the operations of waste management companies in smart countries. Rather than leaving particular types of waste in the landfill, they can be converted to energy. There are new innovative machinery called digesters for this purpose. Digesters can convert the waste and the produced biogas into energy that can be effectively used onsite. It can be used on different categories of waste such as agricultural leftovers, food, animal waste, among others. Another innovative technology used for conversion of waste is called thermal conversion. This helps to convert waste into specific products. By using cues gotten from natural geothermal processes that function using heat and pressure to convert useless materials to products that have relevant usages. It can be used to turn waste materials into fertilizers, chemicals, oils among other important converted products. Better still, certain varieties if landfill gas can also be converted to energy. The relevant gas in this wise will be those flared or released that can be converted into energy by using certain new innovative technology. Examples of such technology are microturbine technology, bioreactors, and fuel cells. Swachh Bins — SwBins SwBin is an innovative device of the Swachhcoin Platform that can autonomously sustain the Ecosystem while also retaining its core fundamental governing and working principles. This tool has some of the most revolutionary features not present in a lot of traditional waste management systems. Some of these features include: 1. Dapp Support 2. Enabled IoT support 3. Automatic opening and closing lid 4. LED Advertisement Panels 5. Waste Sorting at source 6. Waste compression 7. Unique User Identification All these innovative features of the SwBin help to foster better waste management activities and is therefore ideal for all smart cities across the world. NOTE: Beware of Scammers. Always verify your channel of communication with Swachhcoin. Scammers may try to impersonate team officials. Always trust the information and links present on . Scammers may also try to scam using deceiving using similar domain names. Always be vigilant. In case you notice something suspicious, Kindly bring the same to our notice on info@swachhcoin.com www.swachhcoin.com Join our Community here: Official Telegram Discussion Group Twitter Channel Facebook FanPage Swachhcoin Subreddit

Smart Cities Incorporation of Technology For Waste Management

INTRODUCTION With each passing day, more cities globally have begun getting on board with the incorporation of smart waste management solutions into their systems. This is in a bid to create increased efficiency with regards to the costs and resources associated with ensuring that the cities are smart. Although only a few cities have begun testing the equipment of private households bins with advanced sensor technology, most of the cities have begun with the implementation of smart waste management solutions in the public sphere. At the moment, the state of technology used in smart waste management revolves around the use of sensors that measure how full a trash bin is. The measured data is in turn transferred to the Cloud where is it further processed and analyzed. Ordinarily, the explication of the data can aid the adequate planning of trash collection and track routes can be effectively optimized. IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLUTIONS The waste management solutions are geared towards making the environment healthier while also giving room for the optimization of the available utilities. In addition, smart waste management solutions also contribute to the total efficiency of waste recycling and also provide an opportunity for route optimization for the reduction in traffic and fuel consumption. A popular smart waste management solution includes having a sensor attached to trash bins to measure the fill level as well as a communication system that transmits the data to the Cloud. As the data processing is done in the cloud, the route of the collection trucks is in turn optimized. Thus, most companies dedicated to smart waste management have solutions that are based on what is referred to as ultrasonic distance measurement. Other companies will rather use an alternative solution that includes the use of camera and image processing as a passive sensor. The latter option is, however, more commonly used. The ultrasonic sensors also implement different types of sensors to obtain additional data. For instance, the sensors could be used for monitoring other parameters about the container’s status, such as the position through utilizing GPS or the use of motion sensors in a bid to register the container collections and also moved to detect likely vandalism. PROBLEMS OF CURRENT SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The process of waste management currently in existence begins with the waste created by the people in the cities being disposed of in trash bins that are made available near the creation point. Subsequently, the trash is collected by private companies trucks or municipality at definite terms and sent to the temporary collection centers. From the collection centers, the trash is then sent to where it will be recycled. However, the implementation of this process only comes as a partial solution to the waste problems. In fact, it gives rise to some other problems. For instance, at the time of collection, some of the trash bins may be overfilled while some others may be underfilled. The trash bins that are overfilled lead to unhygienic conditions. Truck routes that are unoptimized also lead to excessive fuel usage. In addition, overfilled trash bins cause environmental pollution and the fact that all the trash collected is combined causes complication in sorting at the recycling plant. In essence, there are two major disadvantages of the solutions currently available. The first is that there is a non-uniform distribution of waste in the container and a simple distance measurement more often than not results in a false fill level measurement. The normal ultrasonic sensor commonly used have been proposed to be upgraded by several procedures but the results are generally still not the best. If for instance multiple sensors are used, that will help in getting a more precise determination of the fill level. However, it is quite costly and usually not the ideal solution for commercial purposes. Another disadvantage of the solution that exists is that it is incomplete and partial. A waste management cycle begins with the production of waste which is then disposed of at the local trash bins. Subsequently, a garbage collecting company collects the waste and brings it to the garbage depot where it is sorted and transferred for recycling, storage or destruction. However, a complete waste management solution should have something about trash bin fill level measurement, trucks’ route optimization and also involved in the recycling process by making the sorting process easier as the sorting process at the moment is manual and can be very slow. For the recycling process, the current smart waste management system that exists has no solution for the recycling process. However, even though the solution is an improvement on the sensorless solution as it is affected by major setbacks, the poor performance of sensors and also lack of contribution to the sorting done at the recycling plant are still some issues. However, a system that helps in the automated management of the lifecycle of products could lead to a simpler and cheaper recycling of used products. This occurs when the technical information about a particular product has been incorporated during production. Such information including the materials from which the product is gotten, the appropriate recycling ways, among other things. This would help organizations in charge of waste collection to automatically search for containers’ contents and to also organize the collection service according to the information gotten. In addition, that would make the waste management activities more cost-effective. Swachhcoin has a SwBin which is a customized waste collection bin that has several features such as automatic opening and closing lid, integrated waste separation and linked user identity database, among others. All these features make the SwBin a suitable solution. In conclusion, even with these issues, everyone still has a lot to benefit from smart waste technology. Thus, by investing in a sensor technology, the operational and cost efficiency will be optimized in several areas. Better still, the cost of getting these technologies up and running is rapidly decreasing and this makes it a good time to take advantage of the smart waste management solutions. For more details, visit: www.swachhcoin.com Email: info@swachhcoin.com TokenSale Document: https://swachhcoin.com/TokenSale.pdf JOIN OUR ICO Round 2 STARTING 2nd September 2018. 18% DISCOUNT TO CLAIM Join our Community here: Official Telegram Discussion Group Twitter Channel Facebook FanPage Swachhcoin Subreddit

IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS

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Authors:
(1) Matthew Sprintson
(2) Edward Oughton Table of Links Abstract and Introduction 2. Literature Review 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.3 Data and Application 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5. Discussion 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" Conclusion Acknowledgements and References 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? A Sankey diagram is presented in Figure 5 visualizing the key linkage impacts of these three initiatives. As illustrated, the indirect benefits ripple throughout all industries, and the overall benefit of broadband infrastructure investments through the BEAD program is greater than that of subsidies in the ACP. Figure 3 displays the inter-sectoral impacts of each bill. Overall, the investment will increase Manufacturing output by US $6.85 billion, which will grow the manufacturing sector by 0.0951% over the next five years. Other than the Information sector, the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector will increase by US $11.9 billion, or 0.146% over the next five years. Other sectors impacted the most are Real Estate, Rental, and Leasing; Finance and Insurance; and Administrative and Waste Management Services. The Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector is currently the fourth largest economic sector, behind Wholesale trade and Construction as defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Those two sectors are projected to grow by US $3.36 billion (.0348%, annually) and US $1.68 billion (.0216%, annually), respectively. Sectors that are closely dependent on telecommunications are projected to grow, too. Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation, an industry that is linked to advertisement, video streaming, and other resources that depend on reliable Internet connection, are projected to grow by US $1.05 billion (.137%), Although this is one of the smallest sectors of the US economy, new connections to the Internet will spur demand for new goods and services from this sector. Sectors that are affected the least include Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting ($296 Mn, .0456% growth), Mining ($551 Mn, .0789% growth), and Utilities ($702 Mn, .1068% growth). All three industries are not closely related to the telecommunications industry, with most relying on broadband for sales, input goods, and purchase of capital goods. The relatively high growth rate speaks more to the size of the sectors in comparison to others, as these are also relatively small sectors in the US economy. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Matthew Sprintson (2) Edward Oughton Authors: Authors: (1) Matthew Sprintson (2) Edward Oughton Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction 2. Literature Review 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.1 Reviewing Broadband Infrastructure’s Impact on the Economy 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.2 Previous Research into IO Modeling of Broadband Investment 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 2.3 Context of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act through Previous Research 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3. Methods and 3.1 Leontief Input-Output (IO) Modeling 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.2 Ghosh Supply-Side Assessment Methods for Infrastructure 3.3 Data and Application 3.3 Data and Application 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4. Results and 4.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5. Discussion 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.1 To what extent does the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocate funding to unconnected communities in need? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.2 What are the GDP impacts of the three funding programs within the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" 5.3 How are supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law?" Conclusion Conclusion Acknowledgements and References Acknowledgements and References 4.3 How are the supply chain linkages affected by allocations from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law? A Sankey diagram is presented in Figure 5 visualizing the key linkage impacts of these three initiatives. As illustrated, the indirect benefits ripple throughout all industries, and the overall benefit of broadband infrastructure investments through the BEAD program is greater than that of subsidies in the ACP. Figure 3 displays the inter-sectoral impacts of each bill. Overall, the investment will increase Manufacturing output by US $6.85 billion, which will grow the manufacturing sector by 0.0951% over the next five years. Other than the Information sector, the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector will increase by US $11.9 billion, or 0.146% over the next five years. Other sectors impacted the most are Real Estate, Rental, and Leasing; Finance and Insurance; and Administrative and Waste Management Services. The Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector is currently the fourth largest economic sector, behind Wholesale trade and Construction as defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Those two sectors are projected to grow by US $3.36 billion (.0348%, annually) and US $1.68 billion (.0216%, annually), respectively. Sectors that are closely dependent on telecommunications are projected to grow, too. Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation, an industry that is linked to advertisement, video streaming, and other resources that depend on reliable Internet connection, are projected to grow by US $1.05 billion (.137%), Although this is one of the smallest sectors of the US economy, new connections to the Internet will spur demand for new goods and services from this sector. Sectors that are affected the least include Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting ($296 Mn, .0456% growth), Mining ($551 Mn, .0789% growth), and Utilities ($702 Mn, .1068% growth). All three industries are not closely related to the telecommunications industry, with most relying on broadband for sales, input goods, and purchase of capital goods. The relatively high growth rate speaks more to the size of the sectors in comparison to others, as these are also relatively small sectors in the US economy. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC0 1.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

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