Warmeris in the Productivity Software Industry

Warmer

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Image Source- Cooler Master A new collaboration between fast-food chain giants KFC, Intel and Cooler Master has birthed the perfect gaming console for the chicken lover. The is a bold new concept, spicing up the gaming market. Gamers will never have to pick between gaming and chicken again. KFConsole Intel powers the console, and although it is a new concept, purely produced for viral marketing, Intel claims that it is a fully functioning product that could be a real future contender. Cooler Master originally specialises in products that offer high-end cooling systems, and they have been the brains behind this unique piece of technology. Products that are produced by Cooler Master are usually focused on dispersing or absorbing heat. TimePlay, a Swedish Hardwear modder has designed the product. It works by redirecting heat from the console's CPU into a specially designed chamber that will hold the chicken. The console is powered by Intel NUC 9 which can be found in mini-PC's and are reasonably powerful. Assuming that the KFConsole will be a real product that can be launched, it will have the capabilities to handle most modern AAA titles. However, one of the biggest questions will be how much will consumers be willing to pay for it? Or is it just an elaborate marketing joke that won't actually materialise? Gaming in 2021 One of the biggest and most lucrative markets that is certainly hard to ignore is the gaming industry. It consists of players of all ages, but it also consists of players on different hardware. Even if you think you're not a gamer, the Candy Crush level you can't get past on your smartphone tells us otherwise. An industry worth $159.3 billion is most definitely one to watch out for and, as evident from the image above, the largest portion size of this market is being used through smart devices with for the market overall. smartphones generating a colossal $77.2 billion Tech giants have taken the market to new heights with new games and new hardware that have revolutionised gaming. There are many new games to look forward to this year. There are an array of different consoles and devices that gamers can now enjoy games on and, with another year of lockdowns, although we're hoping for a different kind of year to 2020, there are some great titles to get excited about. Here's a look at some new games in 2021 for PS5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PC. 1. Hitman 3 January 20, 2021 Available on- PS4, PS5, Xbox Series X, PC & Xbox One Getting stuck back into his assassination contracts, agent 47 is returning in the popular Hitman series in . This game is set to be a dramatic conclusion (yes it the end, unfortunately) in the trilogy that is World of Assassination. The game allows players to career out assassination missions taking them around the globe in different sandbox locations. The last in the trilogy will see agent 47 carry out the most intimate and professional contract of his career, with a rumour that the first part of his mission begins in Dubai. Hitman 3 2. Returnal March 19 2021 Available on - PS5 is the first major PS5 title of the year with a Housemarque exclusive. In the game, the player plays as Selene. Selen is an astronaut stuck in a hellish Groundhog Day of sorts. The game is based on her endlessly attempting to fight her way out of a recurring death cycle. Returnal 3. Halo Infinite Autumn 2021 Available on- Xbox Series X, PC & Xbox One The new halo will bear a new curious sub-header and will be running on a new game engine known as Slipspace. The new game's first trailer suggests that Master Chief's next adventure will have some MMO qualities to it. The well-known armour also teases a potential technological download in the new version. could well be the Halo comeback we have all been eagerly waiting for. Halo Infinite 4. Prince of Persia- The Sands of Time remake March 18 2021 Available on- Xbox One, PC, PS4 Back by popular demand, has decided to bring back what is thought to be the past Gamecube, PS2 and Xbox's most memorable title but with a new face and a fresh remake. Although it may sound surprising that the game is being brought back by the studio, it is a subtle mark of Ubisoft's very first full-fledged remake. The new version of the game gives honour to the old but with modern gameplay and graphics. Ubisoft Also published on: https://invisioncommunity.co.uk/a-perfect-duo-kfc-launch-gaming-console-with-chicken-warmer/

KFC Partners with Cooler Master to Launch Gaming Console with Chicken Warmer

Boost Product Revenue by Focusing on User Experience and Strategic Prioritization

Authors:
(1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden;
(6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Ocean data pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Functionalities Case study: Bay of Bengal Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References 5. Case study: Bay of Bengal The Summer Monsoon Current (SMC) is a prominent feature of Indian ocean circulation and the SMC flows around Sri Lanka to flow into the Bay of Bengal. We use pyParaOcean to study different phenomena in the Bay of Bengal, particularly during the monsoon. Eddies. Figure 5 is a rough schematic of the major currents and eddies in the Bay during the monsoon season. A large anticyclonic eddy (AE) located to the right of the SMC and a cyclonic eddy known as the the Sri Lanka Dome (SLD) to its left [VY98] are regular features in this region during summer. The AE has a diameter of about 500 km, located to the southeast off the coast of Sri Lanka, and is characterized by intense downwelling inside owing to its anticyclonic circulation. [VY98] proposed that the AE is formed by the interaction of the SMC and the incoming Rossby waves from Sumatra. The timeline of appearance and disappearance of the AE was documented in later work [VCMN04]. The AE starts forming in June, develops into its circular shape in July, and weakens in August, as shown in Figure 6 and the accompanying video. Salinity transport. pyParaOcean serves as an efficient tool to analyze the effects of AE on the Bay of Bengal. Streamlines and pathlines offer visualization of circulation associated with the AE and its movement in the ocean. The field lines may be overlaid on a volume rendering of a scalar to visualize the transport caused by the eddy. Figure 7 and the accompanying video show the streamlines overlaid on a salinity volume rendering at different time steps to show the role of the AE in transport of salt. The movement of high salinity water from the Arabian sea by the SMC into the Bay of Bengal and its recirculation by the AE is well captured in this representation. Tracking surface fronts of high salinity water and highlighting the long-lived tracks helps capture an overview of significant salinity movement in the region. We observe a track that moves towards the coast of India, see Figure 4. Downwelling. Figure 8 and the accompanying video show the use of the depth profile filter to visualize the depression of the 27◦ isotherm by the AE. The anticyclonic nature of the eddy causes a downwelling inside the eddy and pushes the relatively warmer water downward. The parallel coordinates view shows changes in temperature, salinity, and speed in the water column caused by the arrival of the eddy at the point of interest. Experience and performance. This case study was conducted in collaboration with an oceanographer coauthor. Several observations on phenomena such as the SLD and the movement of high salinity water could be made using pyParaOcean. While our oceanographer collaborators typically use tools such as pyFerret for 2D analysis, they found the capability of pyParaOcean to be very useful. After this initial satisfying experience, we plan to work together on the study of higher resolution model output using pyParaOcean. The surface front tracking and eddy detection filters take a few minutes, while all other filters take 1-2 seconds or less. All the experiments were run on a workstation with an 8 core AMDEPYC 7262 @ 3.2 GHz CPU with 512 GB main memory and NVIDIA RTX A4000 (16 GB) GPU. The surface front computation is parallelized using the python multiprocessing library but there is scope for further improvement in runtime. The eddy detection and visualization filter can also be optimized by parallelizing some of the computation. We plan to take this up in the future. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; (6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Authors: Authors: (1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; (6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Ocean data Ocean data pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Functionalities pyParaOcean: Functionalities Case study: Bay of Bengal Case study: Bay of Bengal Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References 5. Case study: Bay of Bengal The Summer Monsoon Current (SMC) is a prominent feature of Indian ocean circulation and the SMC flows around Sri Lanka to flow into the Bay of Bengal. We use pyParaOcean to study different phenomena in the Bay of Bengal, particularly during the monsoon. Eddies . Figure 5 is a rough schematic of the major currents and eddies in the Bay during the monsoon season. A large anticyclonic eddy (AE) located to the right of the SMC and a cyclonic eddy known as the the Sri Lanka Dome (SLD) to its left [VY98] are regular features in this region during summer. The AE has a diameter of about 500 km, located to the southeast off the coast of Sri Lanka, and is characterized by intense downwelling inside owing to its anticyclonic circulation. [VY98] proposed that the AE is formed by the interaction of the SMC and the incoming Rossby waves from Sumatra. The timeline of appearance and disappearance of the AE was documented in later work [VCMN04]. The AE starts forming in June, develops into its circular shape in July, and weakens in August, as shown in Figure 6 and the accompanying video. Eddies Salinity transport. pyParaOcean serves as an efficient tool to analyze the effects of AE on the Bay of Bengal. Streamlines and pathlines offer visualization of circulation associated with the AE and its movement in the ocean. The field lines may be overlaid on a volume rendering of a scalar to visualize the transport caused by the eddy. Figure 7 and the accompanying video show the streamlines overlaid on a salinity volume rendering at different time steps to show the role of the AE in transport of salt. The movement of high salinity water from the Arabian sea by the SMC into the Bay of Bengal and its recirculation by the AE is well captured in this representation. Tracking surface fronts of high salinity water and highlighting the long-lived tracks helps capture an overview of significant salinity movement in the region. We observe a track that moves towards the coast of India, see Figure 4. Salinity transport. Downwelling . Figure 8 and the accompanying video show the use of the depth profile filter to visualize the depression of the 27◦ isotherm by the AE. The anticyclonic nature of the eddy causes a downwelling inside the eddy and pushes the relatively warmer water downward. The parallel coordinates view shows changes in temperature, salinity, and speed in the water column caused by the arrival of the eddy at the point of interest. Downwelling Experience and performance. This case study was conducted in collaboration with an oceanographer coauthor. Several observations on phenomena such as the SLD and the movement of high salinity water could be made using pyParaOcean. While our oceanographer collaborators typically use tools such as pyFerret for 2D analysis, they found the capability of pyParaOcean to be very useful. After this initial satisfying experience, we plan to work together on the study of higher resolution model output using pyParaOcean. The surface front tracking and eddy detection filters take a few minutes, while all other filters take 1-2 seconds or less. All the experiments were run on a workstation with an 8 core AMDEPYC 7262 @ 3.2 GHz CPU with 512 GB main memory and NVIDIA RTX A4000 (16 GB) GPU. The surface front computation is parallelized using the python multiprocessing library but there is scope for further improvement in runtime. The eddy detection and visualization filter can also be optimized by parallelizing some of the computation. We plan to take this up in the future. Experience and performance. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

pyParaOcean, A System for Visual Analysis of Ocean Data: Case study: Bay of Bengal

pyParaOcean, ein System zur visuellen Analyse von Ozeandaten: Fallstudie: Bucht von Bengalen

pyParaOcean, un sistema para el análisis visual de datos oceánicos: estudio de caso: Bahía de Bengala

pyParaOcean, un système d'analyse visuelle des données océaniques : étude de cas : Baie du Bengale

pyParaOcean, महासागर डेटा के दृश्य विश्लेषण के लिए एक प्रणाली: केस स्टडी: बंगाल की खाड़ी

pyParaOcean、海洋データの視覚的分析システム: ケーススタディ: ベンガル湾

pyParaOcean, 해양 데이터의 시각적 분석 시스템: 사례 연구: 벵골만

pyParaOcean, um sistema para análise visual de dados oceânicos: estudo de caso: Baía de Bengala

pyParaOcean, Система визуального анализа океанических данных: пример: Бенгальский залив

pyParaOcean, Okyanus Verilerinin Görsel Analizi İçin Bir Sistem: Örnek olay: Bengal Körfezi

pyParaOcean, Hệ thống phân tích trực quan dữ liệu đại dương: Nghiên cứu điển hình: Vịnh Bengal

pyParaOcean，海洋数据可视化分析系统：案例研究：孟加拉湾

“Jurassic Park” may not be as far-fetched as it seems. Scientists have been trying to find ways to bring extinct species back to life for some time now, and AI could finally make it happen. While some regulators call AI an extinction-level threat, the opposite may also be true. It could reverse extinction — perhaps not for dinosaurs, but feasibly for species like the woolly mammoth. Doing so could also play an important role in the fight against climate change. How De-Extinction Works De-extinction is the culmination of many cutting-edge technologies. It starts with gene-editing technologies like CRISPR, and AI helps throughout the entire process. Here’s a closer look at how it works. Genome Sequencing The first step in de-extinction is to collect the DNA of an extinct animal — like the woolly mammoth — and a close living relative — like the Asian elephant. While usable dinosaur DNA samples may be long gone, the mammoth’s relatively recent extinction and cold habitat mean it still has well-preserved genes. Once scientists have gathered this DNA, they must sequence each species’ genome. This process uncovers the order of each gene’s building blocks to learn how they work and what characteristics they produce. It’s difficult and time-consuming work, so it’s an ideal use case for AI. Studies show that AI shortens the time spent in genome sequencing and reduces errors in the process. Speed and accuracy are big concerns here, so AI is now essential in this stage of de-extinction. Filling in the Gaps After sequencing both species’ genomes, scientists compare them to see what elephant genes they must change to resemble the woolly mammoth’s. AI is crucial in this step, as there are gaps left to fill after sequencing. DNA has a 521-year half-life, so even well-preserved samples from over 1,000 years ago aren’t complete. AI can analyze genes to predict the order of the missing bits. It can then compare them to those of the Asian elephant to determine what elephant genes it can keep and what it must modify to look more like a mammoth. Machine learning’s predictive capabilities make it the perfect tool for this job. Accurately predicting what customers want is how AI saves Netflix $1 billion annually, and finding similarities in DNA sequences is a similar task. Gene Insertion and Verification It’s now time to modify Asian elephant genes to essentially create complete woolly mammoth DNA. This process is eerily similar to how it works in “Jurassic Park,” at least in the basics. Like in Michael Crichton’s work, real-life scientists cut out bits of living species’ DNA that don’t match and insert genes from the extinct species. This is possible through a technology called CRISPR gene editing — the same innovation that helps fight diseases like sickle cell anemia and malaria. After inserting mammoth genes into elephant DNA, scientists must verify that the resulting cells possess mammoth traits. Once again, AI is the ideal solution. Machine learning can test these cells faster and more accurately than manual methods. Embryo Transfer, Growth, and Birth At this point, scientists will have created hybrid elephant-mammoth cells. They remove the nucleus from an Asian elephant egg cell and replace it with the hybrid mammoth nucleus. They then stimulate the egg so it fertilizes and grows into an embryo. Once they have a healthy embryo, scientists transfer it to an African elephant to carry to term. African elephants are larger and have the longest pregnancy of any mammal, so they’re ideal mothers to grow a baby mammoth. After roughly 22 months, the elephant will give birth to the hybrid mammoth. While the mammoth’s genes won’t be identical to its extinct ancestors, it’ll essentially be a real woolly mammoth brought back from extinction. Ongoing De-Extinction Attempts Several research organizations are following this process to de-extinct species like the woolly mammoth. One biotechnology company — Colossal Laboratories — aims to resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027 and is currently building the necessary genetic libraries to create the hybrid DNA. Colossal also hopes to de-extinct species like the dodo and Tasmanian tiger. While no project has successfully cloned an extinct species that lived more than a few minutes, advances in AI and gene editing technology are bringing the possibility closer. Other researchers are focusing on critically endangered species — not quite extinct but about to be. Scientists have successfully cloned a black-footed ferret using decades-old DNA, showing it’s possible to de-extinct animals with old genes. Researchers at the San Diego Zoo Alliance are trying to do the same for the northern white rhino, just two of which exist today. Why It Matters As cool as it is, why would scientists bother de-extincting species? It’s an expensive, complicated process, so what’s the point? Unlike in “Jurassic Park,” there is a noble goal here. Bringing extinct or critically endangered species back could help protect the planet. Woolly mammoths could help fight climate change, as these animals clear dead or invasive tree species to restore grasslands. Bringing more recently extinct animals back to life would restore a full, healthy ecosystem in some areas to protect other species. In cases like the white rhino, it would right the wrongs of humanity’s past by reversing forced extinction. If nothing else, successful de-extinction would be a big step forward for AI in genetic engineering. It would prove this technology’s potential to fight seemingly impossible odds. Scientists already believe AI-powered gene editing could improve global health and combat climate change, so any advances in the field are worth noticing. Ethical Complications Despite this vast potential, AI-powered de-extinction has some controversy. Some argue that bringing species like the woolly mammoth into a warmer, harsher climate, which they’re not well-adapted to, may be cruel to these animals. There’s also the argument that the money and time spent on this research could go to other, more immediate climate and health issues. Some also have fears about AI gene editing going too far. Successful de-extinction could snowball into issues of people genetically modifying humans to have unique abilities or creating dangerous genetic weapons. Many of these fears are theoretical but deserve attention as this field advances. AI Could Bring Species Back From the Dead While there are still some ethical and technological complications, de-extinction shows promise. It would be a major step forward for biotechnology if these projects work out, and AI will likely be the difference-maker. AI has plenty of ethical and environmental concerns. However, it’s hard to deny its potential for protecting the natural world. Using it for conservation efforts could ensure the world benefits more from this technology than it suffers. “Jurassic Park” may not be as far-fetched as it seems. Scientists have been trying to find ways to bring extinct species back to life for some time now, and AI could finally make it happen. While some regulators call AI an extinction-level threat , the opposite may also be true. It could reverse extinction — perhaps not for dinosaurs, but feasibly for species like the woolly mammoth. Doing so could also play an important role in the fight against climate change. call AI an extinction-level threat call AI an extinction-level threat How De-Extinction Works De-extinction is the culmination of many cutting-edge technologies. It starts with gene-editing technologies like CRISPR, and AI helps throughout the entire process. Here’s a closer look at how it works. Genome Sequencing The first step in de-extinction is to collect the DNA of an extinct animal — like the woolly mammoth — and a close living relative — like the Asian elephant. While usable dinosaur DNA samples may be long gone, the mammoth’s relatively recent extinction and cold habitat mean it still has well-preserved genes. Once scientists have gathered this DNA, they must sequence each species’ genome. This process uncovers the order of each gene’s building blocks to learn how they work and what characteristics they produce. It’s difficult and time-consuming work, so it’s an ideal use case for AI. Studies show that AI shortens the time spent in genome sequencing and reduces errors in the process. Speed and accuracy are big concerns here, so AI is now essential in this stage of de-extinction. shortens the time spent in genome sequencing shortens the time spent in genome sequencing Filling in the Gaps After sequencing both species’ genomes, scientists compare them to see what elephant genes they must change to resemble the woolly mammoth’s. AI is crucial in this step, as there are gaps left to fill after sequencing. DNA has a 521-year half-life , so even well-preserved samples from over 1,000 years ago aren’t complete. has a 521-year half-life has a 521-year half-life AI can analyze genes to predict the order of the missing bits. It can then compare them to those of the Asian elephant to determine what elephant genes it can keep and what it must modify to look more like a mammoth. Machine learning’s predictive capabilities make it the perfect tool for this job. Accurately predicting what customers want is how AI saves Netflix $1 billion annually , and finding similarities in DNA sequences is a similar task. saves Netflix $1 billion annually saves Netflix $1 billion annually Gene Insertion and Verification It’s now time to modify Asian elephant genes to essentially create complete woolly mammoth DNA. This process is eerily similar to how it works in “Jurassic Park,” at least in the basics. Like in Michael Crichton’s work, real-life scientists cut out bits of living species’ DNA that don’t match and insert genes from the extinct species. This is possible through a technology called CRISPR gene editing — the same innovation that helps fight diseases like sickle cell anemia and malaria. After inserting mammoth genes into elephant DNA, scientists must verify that the resulting cells possess mammoth traits. Once again, AI is the ideal solution. Machine learning can test these cells faster and more accurately than manual methods. Embryo Transfer, Growth, and Birth At this point, scientists will have created hybrid elephant-mammoth cells. They remove the nucleus from an Asian elephant egg cell and replace it with the hybrid mammoth nucleus. They then stimulate the egg so it fertilizes and grows into an embryo. Once they have a healthy embryo, scientists transfer it to an African elephant to carry to term. African elephants are larger and have the longest pregnancy of any mammal , so they’re ideal mothers to grow a baby mammoth. the longest pregnancy of any mammal the longest pregnancy of any mammal After roughly 22 months, the elephant will give birth to the hybrid mammoth. While the mammoth’s genes won’t be identical to its extinct ancestors, it’ll essentially be a real woolly mammoth brought back from extinction. Ongoing De-Extinction Attempts Several research organizations are following this process to de-extinct species like the woolly mammoth. One biotechnology company — Colossal Laboratories — aims to resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027 and is currently building the necessary genetic libraries to create the hybrid DNA. resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027 resurrect the woolly mammoth by 2027 Colossal also hopes to de-extinct species like the dodo and Tasmanian tiger. While no project has successfully cloned an extinct species that lived more than a few minutes, advances in AI and gene editing technology are bringing the possibility closer. Other researchers are focusing on critically endangered species — not quite extinct but about to be. Scientists have successfully cloned a black-footed ferret using decades-old DNA, showing it’s possible to de-extinct animals with old genes. Researchers at the San Diego Zoo Alliance are trying to do the same for the northern white rhino, just two of which exist today. successfully cloned a black-footed ferret successfully cloned a black-footed ferret Why It Matters As cool as it is, why would scientists bother de-extincting species? It’s an expensive, complicated process, so what’s the point? Unlike in “Jurassic Park,” there is a noble goal here. Bringing extinct or critically endangered species back could help protect the planet. Woolly mammoths could help fight climate change, as these animals clear dead or invasive tree species to restore grasslands. Bringing more recently extinct animals back to life would restore a full, healthy ecosystem in some areas to protect other species. In cases like the white rhino, it would right the wrongs of humanity’s past by reversing forced extinction. If nothing else, successful de-extinction would be a big step forward for AI in genetic engineering. It would prove this technology’s potential to fight seemingly impossible odds. Scientists already believe AI-powered gene editing could improve global health and combat climate change, so any advances in the field are worth noticing. could improve global health could improve global health Ethical Complications Despite this vast potential, AI-powered de-extinction has some controversy. Some argue that bringing species like the woolly mammoth into a warmer, harsher climate, which they’re not well-adapted to, may be cruel to these animals. There’s also the argument that the money and time spent on this research could go to other, more immediate climate and health issues. Some also have fears about AI gene editing going too far. Successful de-extinction could snowball into issues of people genetically modifying humans to have unique abilities or creating dangerous genetic weapons. Many of these fears are theoretical but deserve attention as this field advances. AI Could Bring Species Back From the Dead While there are still some ethical and technological complications, de-extinction shows promise. It would be a major step forward for biotechnology if these projects work out, and AI will likely be the difference-maker. AI has plenty of ethical and environmental concerns. However, it’s hard to deny its potential for protecting the natural world. Using it for conservation efforts could ensure the world benefits more from this technology than it suffers.

The Role of AI in Resurrecting Extinct Species

বিলুপ্ত প্রজাতির পুনরুত্থানে এআই-এর ভূমিকা

Die Rolle der KI bei der Wiederbelebung ausgestorbener Arten

El papel de la IA en la resurrección de especies extintas

Le rôle de l’IA dans la résurrection des espèces disparues

विलुप्त प्रजातियों को पुनर्जीवित करने में एआई की भूमिका

絶滅した種の復活におけるAIの役割

멸종된 종을 부활시키는 데 있어 AI의 역할

O papel da IA na ressurreição de espécies extintas

Роль ИИ в воскрешении вымерших видов

Soyu Tükenmiş Türlerin Diriltilmesinde Yapay Zekanın Rolü

Vai trò của AI trong việc hồi sinh các loài đã tuyệt chủng

人工智能在复活灭绝物种中的作用

The Results of Our Research: Our Exoplanet Study

This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Prajwal Niraula, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; (2) Julien de Wit, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; (3) Benjamin V. Rackham, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; (4) Elsa Ducrot, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege; (5) Artem Burdanov, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; (6) Ian J. M. Crossfield, Kansas University Department of Physics and Astronomy; (7) Valerie Van Grootel´, Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Li`ege; (8) Catriona Murray, 5Cavendish Laboratory; (9) Lionel J. Garcia, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege; (10) Roi Alonso, Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias & Dpto. de Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna; (11) Corey Beard, Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California; (12) Yilen Gomez Maqueo Chew, Instituto de Astronom´ıa, Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico, Ciudad Universitaria; (13) Laetitia Delrez, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege, Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Li`ege & 0Observatoire de lUniversit´e de Gen`eve; (14) Brice-Olivier Demory, University of Bern, Center for Space and Habitability; (15) Benjamin J. Fulton, NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech-IPAC; (16) Michael Gillon, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege; (17) Maximilian N. Gunther, Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; (18) Andrew W. Howard, California Institute of Technology; (19) Howard Issacson, Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley; (20) Emmanuel Jehin, Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Li`ege; (21) Peter P. Pedersen, Cavendish Laboratory; (22) Francisco J. Pozuelos, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege & Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Li`ege; (23) Didier Queloz, Cavendish Laboratory; (24) Rafael Rebolo-Lopez, Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias & Dpto. de Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna'; (25) Sairam Lalitha, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham; (26) Daniel Sebastian, Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Li`ege (27) Samantha Thompson, Cavendish Laboratory; (28) Amaury H.M.J. Triaud, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Observation Analysis and Validation Future Prospects & References 4. FUTURE PROSPECTS The search for transiting planets around small stars has been motivated in large part by their potential for atmospheric characterization. Owing to the size and proximity of its host, K2-315b is thus one of the few known terrestrial exoplanets possibly amenable for atmospheric characterization in the next two decades. In order to quantify and contextualize its prospects for atmospheric study, we followed the same approach as for TRAPPIST-1 in Gillon et al. (2016) (see de Wit & Seager 2013), focusing here on all known terrestrial planets. We selected terrestrial planets as planets with a reported radius below 1.6 R⊕ in the NASA Exoplanet Archive[4] (Rogers 2015; Fulton et al. 2017). We thus derive the amplitude of the planets’ signals in transmission as: where Rp is the planetary radius, R∗ is the stellar radius, and heff is the effective atmospheric height, µ is the atmospheric mean molecular mass, T is the atmospheric temperature and g is the local gravity. We assume heff to cover seven atmospheric scale heights, µ the atmospheric mean molecular mass to be 20 amu, and the atmospheric temperature to be the equilibrium temperature for a Bond albedo of 0. For the planets with missing masses, we estimated g using the model of Chen & Kipping (2017). The signal amplitudes are reported in Figure 7 together with the SNR relative to TRAPPIST-1 b’s, calculated by scaling the signal amplitude with the hosts’ brightness in J band. We find that K2-315b fares closely to the outer planets of TRAPPIST-1 in terms of potential for atmospheric exploration with JWST— its warmer and thus larger atmosphere compensating for its larger star. In fact, its relative SNR for transmission spectroscopy is half those of TRAPPIST-1 f–h, meaning that assessing the presence of a µ ∼ 20 atmosphere around the planet would require of the order of 40 transits—four times the ∼10 transits required for a similar assessment for TRAPPIST-1 f–h (Lustig-Yaeger et al. 2019). K2-315b is thus at the very edge of JWST’s capability for atmospheric characterization, mostly due to its “large” host star. The derivation above allows us to rank planets in terms of relative potential for atmospheric characterization, assuming a similar atmospheric scenario. In practice, a significant difference in atmospheric mean molecular mass, surface pressure, and/or cloud/haze altitude will strongly affect the actual potential of a planet for characterization (Lustig-Yaeger et al. 2019). For example, in some cases clouds could render the characterization of the favorable TRAPPIST-1 e difficult even with the generation of instruments following the JWST (i.e., LUVOIR, Pidhorodetska et al. 2020). With an estimated radial velocity semi-amplitude of 1.3 m s−1 (assuming a mass comparable to that of Earth), the planet could be accessible for mass measurements using modern ultra-precise radial velocity instruments. Such possibilities and a ranking amongst the 10 best-suited Earth-sized planets for atmospheric study, EPIC 249631677 b will therefore play an important role in the upcoming era of comparative exoplanetology for terrestrial worlds. It will surely be a prime target for the generation of observatories to follow JWST and bring the field fully into this new era. This project makes use of publicly available K2 data. P.N. would like to acknowledge funding for Kerr Fellowship and Elliot Fellowship at MIT. J.d.W. and MIT gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Heising-Simons Foundation, Dr. and Mrs. Colin Masson and Dr. Peter A. Gilman for Artemis, the first telescope of the SPECULOOS network situated in Tenerife, Spain. B.V.R. thanks the Heising-Simons Foundation for support. V.V.G. is a F.R.S.-FNRS Research Associate. M.G. and E.J. are F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associates. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127), and funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) ERC Grant Agreement Number 336480, from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation, from the Balzan Prize Foundation, from F.R.S-FNRS (Research Project ID T010920F), from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n◦ 803193/BEBOP), and from a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant n◦ RPG-2018-418. 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π Earth: a 3.14-day Earth-sized Planet from K2's Kitchen Served Warm: Future Prospects & References

Almost every product marketer and stakeholder gets jitters in their course of standing out and giving their product a wow launch. But here's the thing: every launch needs a killer script, just like movies, and for your product, that's the . Go-to-Market (GTM) strategy However, launching a B2B product has always been challenging. In the competitive business arena, stats reveal a harsh reality: 20% of businesses fail in the first two years, 45% by year five, and 65% by year ten . But the go-to-market approach has been a game-changer in minimizing these odds. (U.S. BLS) Interestingly, traditional product development follows a linear route: research, prototype validation, and marketing. Yet, this model can result in late-stage revelations about market demand and consumer interest. And it is one of the reasons why most businesses have to face the odds. That's where the content-led GTM strategy flips the script. It's a lesser-known, increasingly popular GTM strategy in – to accelerate brand awareness, sales, and growth. This article is a deep dive into the waters of content-led GTM strategy. B2B marketing But first.. What is a GTM Strategy? A Go-to-Market (GTM) strategy is your game plan for introducing your product or service to the world. It's a tactic that combines marketing, sales, and distribution to make your product a successful fit. To launch a remarkable product, you must have an actionable, effective go-to-market strategy – concise, focused, and aligned with your target audience. Here's the follow-up question: Who typically needs a GTM strategy? In the ideal world of B2B, the GTM strategy is suitable for businesses: Introducing a new product in a familiar market. Unveiling an existing product in a new market. Testing the waters for a new product's growth potential. One standout example of an effective B2B Go-to-Market (GTM) strategy is Salesforce. Salesforce has consistently demonstrated a comprehensive and successful approach to GTM in the B2B space. Their strategy revolves around the cloud-based delivery of customer relationship management (CRM) solutions. Their go-to-market strategy extends beyond the product roadmap, aiming to secure a competitive advantage & getting products directly to customer’s hands. A GTM plan gives you an edge – helping you beat competitors, set up scalable marketing, and use the right tactics. Skip this step, and you risk launching into the unknown without understanding what the market needs. Welcome to the World of Content-led GTM Rightly put, Content-led GTM is a humble mix of . Marketing and Content The foundation of the content-led GTM strategy lies in leveraging high-quality content that acts as the catalyst to drive business expansions. Providing authentic value to customers, rather than constant hand holding, can significantly elevate a marketing strategy's impact, surpassing the influence of a sales-led GTM approach. Also, trust-building takes time. At times, brand building takes several pieces of top-notch content. But in a nutshell, genuine content and promising offerings draw customers sustainably. In this approach, it is vital to make information about your products and services easily accessible to prospects and recurring customers so they can pick what they need for their business. Think of it as an apple orchard where your ICPs are happily invested in the harvest. The low-hanging fruit is your content arsenal. Meaning, the content they find intriguing is readily available at their fingertips. We live in a content-heavy world, and many customers may not fall for the same old gated content gimmick. Content-led GTM strategy lays the content platter on the table, allowing users to serve themselves. Self-serving is a critical feature of modern marketing, sans gating content that only spams ICPs with a series of email sequences. And they might not be up for it! Ungated content promotes broader sharing and outreach, reaching beyond your target audience. Thought leadership is vital, but hiding valuable assets behind forms hinders growth. To receive a credible product launch, better opt for a sound content strategy with contextual delivery for seamless audience engagement. A quick note about content gating: Why to Consider Content-Led GTM Strategy? This transformative approach places compelling narratives and valuable insights at the forefront, becoming the ignition behind your market entry. Content led GTM strategy helps with: Early Market Validation: Content-led GTM validates market demand early, ensuring product-market fit. Risk Reduction: Minimises late-stage setbacks and failures, optimizing market entry risk. Cost-Effective Acquisition: Delivers a cost-effective approach to customer acquisition. Deeper Customer Connection: Establishes a profound customer connection from product development, ensuring sustained engagement. Significant SEO Impact: Drives advanced SEO, enhancing online visibility and attracting warmer leads. Brand Recognition: Improves brand recognition through strategic content that resonates with the target audience. Power of Content in GTM Approach The blazing success of 'content is king' holds the fort for many conversations. The power of Content in GTM strategy steers your messaging to captivate, engage, and deeply connect with your coveted audience. Content can leverage your GTM strategy in multiple ways, but to harness the maximum potential, you need to deeply understand the content that is rightly positioned for stages of the GTM strategy. 1. Educational Content: Engaging content is the core of any marketing effort, precisely in today’s content driven world. Therefore, awing your audience with insightful blog posts and tutorials beyond product features draws them deeper to your business. At this point, invest in educating about your company and empower customers with knowledge that enhances their overall experience. , According to research consumers are 131% more likely to buy from a brand immediately after they consume early-stage, educational content. 2. Promotional Content: Highlight the value of your product through compelling product demos and case studies. Let your target audience understand and resonate with your product's concrete benefits and success stories. Here, you can vouch for tangible product benefits and feed their minds with real-world Success Stories. 3. Thought Leadership Content: White papers, in-depth reports, and expert opinions supplement a brilliant content format to position your brand as an industry expert. You can build a foundation of trust and credibility among your audience by considering narratives an expert could have. Take the help of SMEs & scour through podcasts and interviews to get your facts right. Integrating Content Marketing into a GTM strategy In a recent study by Wyzowl, delving into buyer content preferences, the insights unveiled a fascinating landscape: 69% of buyers prefer short videos 18% of prospects opt for text-based formats 4% favor infographics 3% choose ebooks or reports 3% prefer webinars 2% lean towards sales calls or demos In the present world, video content reigns supreme. It's not just about showcasing products; it's a direct path to guide users seamlessly towards making a purchase, down the funnel. In the world of content-led GTM, it's not just about accessibility; it's about satisfying the consumer's hunger for authenticity. To integrate content marketing into GTM strategy, follow these steps to imbibe content rightly into your strategic blueprint: 1. Know Your Audience: Understanding your target audience and creating buyer personas to guide your content efforts is like an imperative gut check. At this stage, focus on retrieving a wealth of information because modern marketing is based on how well you know your audience and ICPs. Given the long B2B sales cycle, drench your feet in doing extra homework, including the challenges and requirements of each role, such as end users, CFOs, and operations leads, in your buyer persona. Most importantly, forge meaningful connections by tailoring content to demographics, pain points, and interests. 2. Stay Ahead with Competitive Insights with a Refined Messaging Your product and messaging are unique to your organization. Serve authenticity by making your unique messaging streamlined across all channels. To do that, analyze competitors' strategies to identify gaps and opportunities for setting your brand apart. Take this problem for instance, : Affordable running shoes with necessary support are scarce, given the high prices ($100+). Buyer Challenge : All shoes in your product line are priced at $80 or less, ensuring accessibility without compromising quality. Your Product Solution Some options are below $80, but sacrifice support and durability, falling short of our comprehensive offering. Competitor Solution: In crafting your messaging, always consider: "How would my target buyer perceive or understand this?" It's the key to ensuring your focus remains on addressing their needs. 3. Tailor GTM Content Plan: Effective deployment is critical for content to excel in its performance. Create a content marketing plan leveraging your GTM strategy, addressing your audience's needs at each stage of the buyer's journey. It lets you expand your palette of content types and bucket them. For example, SEO content attracts new visitors. Case studies and webinars engage those considering your product. Free trials funnel down & convince potential customers to commit. 4. Align marketing channels to your ideal audience: Now, you need to meet your prospects. Choosing marketing channels that align with how your target audience consumes content makes sense. For instance, if your ideal customer uses YouTube but not Instagram or Facebook, you should focus on YouTube ads rather than paid social posts. 5. Collaborate Across Teams: Collaboration across teams is the linchpin of a successful content-led GTM strategy. When sales and customer service teams are in sync, the resonance of your messaging is amplified, creating a profound impact on your overall strategy. Let’s say, sales teams armed with insights from content-led strategies can engage customers more effectively. They can leverage educational content to address customer queries and have a wealth of data to funnel prospects. 6. KPI Tracking & Laser Focused Objectives: From the get-go, define marketing objectives clearly and track KPIs for a measurable assessment of content effectiveness. If you fall short of expectations, tweak your content-led go-to-market strategy. Regularly revisit the steps (at least quarterly) to ensure your research and persona stay current. Examples of Successful Content-led GTM Strategy In the physical world, every process delivers a unique result. The results of Content-led GTM strategies are no different where organisations have harnessed content power to establish remarkable product launch and overall business success. There are several examples of successful content-led GTM strategies to look at, but one that has outdone every industry & plain astonished is . HubSpot HubSpot has built its business model around inbound marketing and content creation. HubSpot's content-led GTM strategy involves creating high-quality, educational content that provides value to its audience, such as blog posts, ebooks, webinars, and social media posts. Needless to say, HubSpot’s content triumph lies in its educational depth and variety. Additionally, the success of Canva's Design School is widely known. This online hub provides users with guided video tutorials, simplifying the journey to mastering graphic design. It lays well-structured courses, allowing users to gain design skills and accomplish their design goals. The genuinely valuable content automatically catalyzes increased sign-ups and heightened revenue. Final Thoughts Content-led product development is a thriving success mechanism in modern marketing. It reverse-engineers the traditional GTM strategy and starts with keyword research to assess market interest. It lets you connect with your audience early on to deliver the solutions they want instead of wasting valuable time and resources to convince them later. In your GTM journey, remember: content isn't there as a spectator; it’s your brand's voice, building trust and credibility. Seeking impactful content that positions your business as an authority? —a seasoned content marketer who crafts rich, informative pieces to enlighten and engage your prospects. Contact me

Content-Led Go-To-Market Strategy for Your Product Triumph (+Examples)

Recently, I started off on skilled games which are variants of Roulette, Wheel of Fortune and Baccarat. It was only by chance that I started playing these games. While betting on India for the Cricket World Cup Final on a betting site, I first came across these games. Well, India lost the final and the World Cup ended… But I started off on a new journey into the world of online skilled gaming… Err… gambling. So, whether it is skilled gaming or gambling, it entirely depends on what is your central thought process while playing the game. The dictionary would define most of these games as a game of chance. But believe me, even though the outcome of a single roulette spin or mega wheel spin is a matter of chance, in a fair casino – playing these games involves a lot of strategy, technique, mathematical basis and challenges the intellect. Hence, the term skilled gaming is a fair and eventual usage for folks involved in playing this game for longer time frames/duration. By the way, in my first month of playing these games, I lost $1,900 (~INR 160,000). But I am sure I will be able to win this back and maybe even more. So, that is my background as a skilled gamer/gambler as I write this article. So, I cannot boast of being a big winner as I share my techniques and experience. But I am sure that people who are beginning to play these skilled games, will be able to learn from my mistakes. This might help them to win and retain their winnings right from the beginning.  Remember, the important word there… ‘Retain’. Before we begin, you need to first understand the two main elements, while playing games in an online casino. Remember, being great in strategy, intellect, analysis, technique may help you to win – but if you lack in controlling your impulses or try to go far beyond set safe boundaries you may not be able to keep your winnings. Ultimately, without a balance of the below two – where the second being very important to make sure that you do not end up losing big including losing all your winnings – you will not be able to make a positive impact. In my case, I strongly believe my lack of the second point, did not let me retain my winnings. You have to understand that it is very easy to get swayed away during the dynamics of game playing, but you must ensure that before you begin you make a pact with yourself on your boundaries and limits and stick to it, without fail. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) An intelligence quotient is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or sub tests designed to assess human intelligence. The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a measure of a person's intellectual abilities in relation to others. Emotional Quotient (EQ) The ability to understand and control your own feelings, and to understand the feelings of others and react to them in a suitable way. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions. Advise for Beginners (Entry Level Players) Start with Small Amount It is the best that you start with a small amount. This will help you to learn the techniques via practice, it will reduce the risk, increase chance of winnings and teach you the basics of emotional control. If I were to specify in the INR context, I will consider the following as a very small amount: INR 2000-5000. Very soon, depending on your interest, passion, reasoning, gaming experience – you may realize that you create your own small amount boundaries, like from about INR 5000-15000. But control your urge to continuously keep depositing and trying your chances to win, without actually understanding the techniques and mathematical basis. Impulsive Gambling At the beginning, you may start off on randomly placing bets on numbers or make arbitrary choices, betting amounts based on your basic analysis of the game. This is true for every individual who starts off on these games. But as time goes on, It would be in best interest that you refrain from impulsive gambling, that is you do not keep betting based on your current bursts of energy. Even thought, at times, this may yield you some money – as it is a game of chance. But, believe me, in the long run it will be disastrous and not yield anything and you may end up losing huge amounts. You have to play to a plan, a strategy using techniques described here. Your intellect and experience may hep you in improvising and finding variants of the techniques described in this article. Compulsive Gambling Another thing is the urge to continue playing these games. The strong urge to play these games continuously, day in and day out, is a very normal human response. This may affect your normal student day or work day. Hence, It is best to plan your time to play these games. It will also give you some reserved fun time, something that challenges your intellect outside of your study/work and a judicial use of your analytical/mathematical/ reasoning abilities. I used to play after my work day, at late night or early morning. This was a good way to end the day. But I also had urges to play this throughout the day, which I usually did on weekends. Hydration and Tea Breaks The excitement created by these games may lead to increased blood pressure, focused and long use of monitors while staring at them continuously and deeply, anxiety, mood disorders, dehydration, skipping nature’s calls, disinterest in completing household chores, skipping daily shower, decreased personal hygiene and a host of such other disorderly behaviors. By not indulging in impulsive and compulsive gambling, you might save yourself from many of these problems. Also, you have to make sure you have a bottle of water and tea/coffee in a thermos besides you, if you like to drink tea/coffee. It is better that you take a 5minute to 10minute break every 1 hour or every play cycle or game set to drink water and have tea/coffee, as per your choice. You might also choose to have a tea/coffee cup warmer by the side of your playing device (mobile, tablet or pc). Be warned that the game playing may also lead to an increase in the number of cigarettes you smoke – Please make sure to control this behavior. Breaks on a Losing Streak When you are on a losing streak, it is highly advisable that you take a break and move out of the context of the game. You may choose to watch YouTube, Short Film or Social Surf. Try to focus on something out of context – like Animal Kingdom, Comedy, Cartoons, Sports, Current Affairs(!) or Latest Movie Trailers. It is just to get you of that mindset and then you come back to the game, for a new series of game sets. It is also advisable, that when you are on a series of losing streaks, it is better to avoid playing on that day. It is such things that are easier said than done. It is because your loss might takeaway your sleep and hence you may choose to continue playing. These are the things, if mastered, may let you keep your winnings and also, to keep winning more. Watch out for part 2 of the article where I provide advise for intermediate players and introduce basics of the Fibonacci betting style. Also appears . here

Winning in Online Skilled Gaming… Err… Gambling!

Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Popular Fallacies. here Popular Fallacies. Night air and damp weather are held in great horror by multitudes of persons who are sickly or of weak constitutions; consequently, by avoiding the night air, and damp weather, and changeable weather, and weather that is considered too hot or too cold, they are kept within doors the much largest portion of their time, and as a matter of course continue invalids, more and more ripening for the grave every hour; the reason is, they are breathing an impure atmosphere nineteen-twentieths of their whole existence. As nothing can wash us clean but pure water, so nothing can cleanse the blood, nothing can make health-giving blood, but the agency of pure air. So great is the tendency of the blood to become impure in consequence of waste and useless matters mixing with it as it passes through the body, that it requires a hogshead of air every hour of our lives to unload it of these impurities; but in proportion as this air is vitiated, in such proportion does it infallably fail to relieve the blood of these impurities, and impure blood is the foundation of all disease. The great fact that those who are out of doors most, summer and winter, day and night, rain or shine, have the best health the world over, does of itself falsify the general impression that night air or any other out-door air is unhealthy as compared with in-door air at the same time. Air is the great necessity of life; so much so, that if deprived of it for a moment, we perish; and so constant is the necessity of the blood for contact with the atmosphere, that every drop in the body is exposed to the air through the medium of the lungs every two minutes and a half of our existence. Whatever may be the impurity of the out-door air of any locality, the in-door air of that locality is still more impure, because of the dust, and decaying and odoriferous matters which are found in all dwellings. Besides, how can in-door air be more healthy than the out-door air, other things being equal, when the dwelling is supplied with air from without? To this very general law there is one exception, which it is of the highest importance to note. When the days are hot, and the nights cool, there are periods of time within each twenty-four hours, when it is safest to be in-doors, with doors and windows closed; that is to say, for the hour or two including sunrise and sunset, because about sunset the air cools, and the vapors which the heats of the day have caused to ascend far above us, condense and settle near the surface of the earth, so as to be breathed by the inhabitants; as the night grows colder, these vapors sink lower, and are within a foot or two of the earth, so they are not breathed. As the sun rises, these same vapors are warmed, and begin to ascend, to be breathed again, but as the air becomes warmer, they are carried so far above our heads as to be innocuous. Thus it is that the old citizens of Charleston, S. C., remember, that while it was considered important to live in the country during the summer, the common observation of the people originated the custom of riding into town, not in the cool of the evening or of the morning, but in the middle of the day. They did not understand the philosophy, but they observed the fact that those who came to the city at mid-day remained well, while those who did so early or late suffered from it. All strangers at Rome are cautioned not to cross the Pontine marshes after the heat of the day is over. Sixteen of a ship's crew, touching at one of the West India islands, slept on shore several nights, and thirteen of them died of yellow fever in a few days, while of two hundred and eighty, who were freely ashore during the day, not a single case of illness occurred. The marshes above named are crossed in six or eight hours, and many travelers who do it in the night are attacked with mortal fevers. This does, at first sight, seem to indicate that night air unwholesome, at least in the locality of virulent malarias, but there is no direct proof that the air about sunrise and sunset is not that which is productive of the mischief. is For the sake of eliciting the observations of intelligent men, we present our theory on this subject. A person might cross these marshes with impunity, who would set out on his journey an hour or two after sundown, and finish it an hour or two before sun-up, especially if he began that journey on a hearty meal, because, in this way, he would be traveling in the cool of the night, which coolness keeps the malaria so near the surface of the earth as to prevent its being breathed to a hurtful extent. But if it is deadly to sleep out of doors all night in a malarial locality, would it be necessarily fatal to sleep in a house in such a locality? It would not. It would be safer to sleep in the house, especially if the windows and doors were closed. The reason is, that the house has been warmed during the day, and if kept closed, it remains much warmer during the night indoors than it is outdoors; consequently, the malaria is kept by this warmth so high above the head, and so rarefied, as to be comparatively harmless. This may seem to some too nice a distinction altogether, but it will be found throughout the world of Nature that the works of the Almighty are most strikingly beautiful in their , and these are the foundation of His mightiest manifestations. minutæ minutæ Thus it is, too, that what we call fever and ague might be banished from the country as a general disease, if two things were done. 1. Have a fire kindled every morning at daylight, from spring to fall, in the family room, to which all the family should repair from their chambers, and there remain until breakfast is taken. 2. Let a fire be kindled in the family room a short time before sundown; let every member of the family repair to it, and there remain until supper is taken. In both cases, the philosophy of the course marked out consists in two things. First. The fire rarefies the malaria and causes it to ascend above the breathing point. Second. The food taken into the stomach creates an activity of circulation which repels disease.— . Hall's Journal of Health About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2012). Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII. —No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38481/pg38481-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Popular Fallacies

93 Stories To Learn About Videogames

On the Effect of Taxes and of Legal Restrictions upon Manufactures

THOUGHTS ON SCIENCE

Steam, Its Generation and Use by Babcock & Wilcox Company, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING here THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING [Extracts from a Lecture delivered by George H. Babcock, at Cornell University, 1887 ] [10] The chemical compound known as H2O exists in three states or conditions—ice, water and steam; the only difference between these states or conditions is in the presence or absence of a quantity of energy exhibited partly in the form of heat and partly in molecular activity, which, for want of a better name, we are accustomed to call “latent heat”; and to transform it from one state to another we have only to supply or extract heat. For instance, if we take a quantity of ice, say one pound, at absolute zero and supply heat, the first effect is to raise its temperature until it arrives at a point 492 Fahrenheit degrees above the starting point. Here it stops growing warmer, though we keep on adding heat. It, however, changes from ice to water, and when we have added sufficient heat to have made it, had it remained ice, 283 degrees hotter or a temperature of 315 degrees Fahrenheit’s thermometer, it has all become water, at the same temperature at which it commenced to change, namely, 492 degrees above absolute zero, or 32 degrees by Fahrenheit’s scale. Let us still continue to add heat, and it will now grow warmer again, though at a slower rate—that is, it now takes about double the quantity of heat to raise the pound one degree that it did before—until it reaches a temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or 672 degrees absolute (assuming that we are at the level of the sea). Here we find another critical point. However much more heat we may apply, the water, as water, at that pressure, cannot be heated any hotter, but changes on the addition of heat to steam; and it is not until we have added heat enough to have raised the temperature of the water 966 degrees, or to 1,178 degrees by Fahrenheit’s thermometer (presuming for the moment that its specific heat has not changed since it became water), that it has all become steam, which steam, nevertheless, is at the temperature of 212 degrees, at which the water began to change. Thus over four-fifths of the heat which has been added to the water has disappeared, or become insensible in the steam to any of our instruments. [11] It follows that if we could reduce steam at atmospheric pressure to water, without loss of heat, the heat stored within it would cause the water to be red hot; and if we could further change it to a solid, like ice, without loss of heat, the solid would be white hot, or hotter than melted steel—it being assumed, of course, that the specific heat of the water and ice remain normal, or the same as they respectively are at the freezing point. After steam has been formed, a further addition of heat increases the temperature again at a much faster ratio to the quantity of heat added, which ratio also varies according as we maintain a constant pressure or a constant volume; and I am not aware that any other critical point exists where this will cease to be the fact until we arrive at that very high temperature, known as the point of dissociation, at which it becomes resolved into its original gases. The heat which has been absorbed by one pound of water to convert it into a pound of steam at atmospheric pressure is sufficient to have melted 3 pounds of steel or 13 pounds of gold. This has been transformed into something besides heat; stored up to reappear as heat when the process is reversed. That condition is what we are pleased to call latent heat, and in it resides mainly the ability of the steam to do work. The diagram shows graphically the relation of heat to temperature, the horizontal scale being quantity of heat in British thermal units, and the vertical temperature in Fahrenheit degrees, both reckoned from absolute zero and by the usual scale. The dotted lines for ice and water show the temperature which would have been obtained if the conditions had not changed. The lines marked “gold” and “steel” show the relation to heat and temperature and the melting points of these metals. All the inclined lines would be slightly curved if attention had been paid to the changing specific heat, but the curvature would be small. It is worth noting that, with one or two exceptions, the curves of all substances lie between the vertical and that for water. That is to say, that water has a greater capacity for heat than all other substances except two, hydrogen and bromine. In order to generate steam, then, only two steps are required: 1st, procure the heat, and 2nd, transfer it to the water. Now, you have it laid down as an axiom that when a body has been transferred or transformed from one place or state into another, the same work has been done and the same energy expended, whatever may have been the intermediate steps or conditions, or whatever the apparatus. Therefore, when a given quantity of water at a given temperature has been made into steam at a given temperature, a certain definite work has been done, and a certain amount of energy expended, from whatever the heat may have been obtained, or whatever boiler may have been employed for the purpose. A pound of coal or any other fuel has a definite heat producing capacity, and is capable of evaporating a definite quantity of water under given conditions. That is the limit beyond which even perfection cannot go, and yet I have known, and doubtless you have heard of, cases where inventors have claimed, and so-called engineers have certified to, much higher results. The first step in generating steam is in burning the fuel to the best advantage. A pound of carbon will generate 14,500 British thermal units, during combustion into carbonic dioxide, and this will be the same, whatever the temperature or the rapidity at which the combustion may take place. If possible, we might oxidize it at as slow a rate as that with which iron rusts or wood rots in the open air, or we might burn it with the rapidity of gunpowder, a ton in a second, yet the total heat generated would be precisely the same. Again, we may keep the temperature down to the lowest point at which combustion can take place, by bringing large bodies of air in contact with it, or otherwise, or we may supply it with just the right quantity of pure oxygen, and burn it at a temperature approaching that of dissociation, and still the heat units given off will be neither more nor less. It follows, therefore, that great latitude in the manner or rapidity of combustion may be taken without affecting the quantity of heat generated. But in practice it is found that other considerations limit this latitude, and that there are certain conditions necessary in order to get the most available heat from a pound of coal. There are three ways, and only three, in which the heat developed by the combustion of coal in a steam boiler furnace may be expended. 1st, and principally. It should be conveyed to the water in the boiler, and be utilized in the production of steam. To be perfect, a boiler should so utilize all the heat of combustion, but there are no perfect boilers. 2nd. A portion of the heat of combustion is conveyed up the chimney in the waste gases. This is in proportion to the weight of the gases, and the difference between their temperature and that of the air and coal before they entered the fire. 3rd. Another portion is dissipated by radiation from the sides of the furnace. In a stove the heat is all used in these latter two ways, either it goes off through the chimney or is radiated into the surrounding space. It is one of the principal problems of boiler engineering to render the amount of heat thus lost as small as possible. The loss from radiation is in proportion to the amount of surface, its nature, its temperature, and the time it is exposed. This loss can be almost entirely eliminated by thick walls and a smooth white or polished surface, but its amount is ordinarily so small that these extraordinary precautions do not pay in practice. It is evident that the temperature of the escaping gases cannot be brought below that of the absorbing surfaces, while it may be much greater even to that of the fire. This is supposing that all of the escaping gases have passed through the fire. In case air is allowed to leak into the flues, and mingle with the gases after they have left the heating surfaces, the temperature may be brought down to almost any point above that of the atmosphere, but without any reduction in the amount of heat wasted. It is in this way that those low chimney temperatures are sometimes attained which pass for proof of economy with the unobserving. All surplus air admitted to the fire, or to the gases before they leave the heating surfaces, increases the losses. We are now prepared to see why and how the temperature and the rapidity of combustion in the boiler furnace affect the economy, and that though the amount of heat developed may be the same, the heat available for the generation of steam may be much less with one rate or temperature of combustion than another. Assuming that there is no air passing up the chimney other than that which has passed through the fire, the higher the temperature of the fire and the lower that of the escaping gases the better the economy, for the losses by the chimney gases will bear the same proportion to the heat generated by the combustion as the temperature of those gases bears to the temperature of the fire. That is to say, if the temperature of the fire is 2500 degrees and that of the chimney gases 500 degrees above that of the atmosphere, the loss by the chimney will be 500⁄2500 = 20 per cent. Therefore, as the escaping gases cannot be brought below the temperature of the absorbing surface, which is practically a fixed quantity, the temperature of the fire must be high in order to secure good economy. The losses by radiation being practically proportioned to the time occupied, the more coal burned in a given furnace in a given time, the less will be the proportionate loss from that cause. It therefore follows that we should burn our coal rapidly and at a high temperature to secure the best available economy. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Babcock & Wilcox Company (2007). Steam, Its Generation and Use. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/22657/pg22657-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING

Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . A NEW DEEP SEA THERMOMETER. here A NEW DEEP SEA THERMOMETER. Perhaps some of our readers may have seen a description of a form of thermometer devised by MM. Negretti and Zambra for the purpose of ascertaining the temperature of the ocean at great depths. This consisted of a tube bent into the shape of a siphon, which when it had reached the desired depth was made, by means of an ingenious arrangement, to pour all the mercury found above a certain point near the reservoir into the second arm of the siphon. This second arm, which, like the other, was a capillary tube, carried a scale of divisions on which might be read the temperature of the depths to which the instrument had been lowered. This thermometer gave all the results that might have been expected. The ship Challenger during its polar expedition had on board a certain number of these instruments. The report of Capt. G. S. Nares made to the English Admiralty describes all the benefits that we may hope to reap from a serious study of the temperature of the ocean at different depths, and not the least of these are those that pertain to the fishery interest. Notwithstanding the good results given by this instrument, its inventors have endeavored to render it still more practical and more within the reach of all by diminishing the cost of construction, and increasing its compactness. represents the thermometer isolated from its case. It is an ordinary thermometer furnished at A with a little device that M. Negretti has already made use of in the construction of his larger instrument, and which allows the liquid to run from the reservoir into the capillary tube when the temperature rises, without letting it flow back when it lowers, if moreover the precaution has been taken to incline the tube slightly, reservoir upward. At B there is a bulge in the tube in which a certain quantity of mercury may lodge; this bulge is placed in such a way that the mercury resulting from the dilatation of the reservoir may come to it and continue its ascension in the capillary tube when the reservoir is down (the thermometer being vertical), but cannot get out when the reservoir is upward. Fig. 1 We should add that these thermometers are constructed so as to give the variations of temperature within determined limits. The small reservoir, B, is indispensable to the well working of the apparatus; for in seeking the temperature at a certain depth the instrument may, on being drawn up, pass through warmer strata, and it is necessary, therefore, to provide the reservoir with a means of diffusing the small quantity of mercury resulting from this excess of temperature. The tube has also a small bulge at its upper extremity at C. The thermometer is placed in a small wooden case having a double bottom throughout its length. In this double bottom are placed a certain number of lead balls that can run from one end of the case to the other, and of sufficient weight to render the instrument buoyant in sea water. To use the apparatus, one end of a cord is passed through a hole in the case under the reservoir of the thermometer, and the other end is tied to the sounding line at a certain distance from the lead ( ). While the line is descending the thermometer will remain reservoir downward ( ); but when it is again drawn up the thermometer case will take the position indicated in , and the column of mercury breaking at A will fall into the capillary tube, the divisions of which, as will be seen at , are reversed. Fig. 2 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 1 As to the thermometer itself, it is important to protect it against the pressure which becomes so considerable at great depths; to do this the reservoir is surrounded by an envelope of thick glass about three quarters full of mercury. The mercury serves to transmit the temperature to the reservoir, and should the exterior envelope yield to the effects of pressure, the reservoir proper would not be affected, the mercury not exactly filling the annular part which surrounds it. New Inventions. George E. Palmer, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has patented an improved Ironing Board, on which the garments may be held in stretched state while being smoothed with the irons, and readily adjusted thereon to any required degree of tension by a simple attachment. William B. Rutherford and Joel T. Hawkins, of Rockdale, Texas, have patented an improved Bale Tie, which is formed of the plate provided with a longitudinal groove and cross ribs or loops, and having projections or keys to adapt it to receive and hold the notched ends of the bale band. An improvement in Composition Pavements has been patented by John C. Russell, of Kensington, Eng. This invention relates to the treatment of peat and spent tan for the manufacture of an improved product or material suitable for paving roads and other places and for roofing, etc. The most important steps in making the composition consist in drying bruised or finely ground peat or spent tan, heating the same to degree of 150° Fah., and adding sulphur and gas tar, gas pitch, and stearine pitch in the proportions specified, then kneading the mixture while heated and adding carbonate of lime and furnace slag. in vacuo Louis Blanck, of New York city, has patented an improved Safety Brake or attachment for locomotives and railroad cars, by which the entire train, either by a collision with another train or by contact with any obstruction, is first raised from the rails, and then moved in backward direction for the distance of a few feet, so that all danger of accident is avoided, and no other sensation than that of a slight rocking motion exerted. The attachment is constructed so as to admit of being worked by the engineer from the cab or the locomotive, or, if desired, from any car of the train. An improved Evaporating Pan had been patented by Andrew D. Martin, of Abbeville, La. This invention consists in a tapering sheet metal tank having transverse partitions and longitudinal tapering flues that extend through all of the partitions and terminate at the ends of the tank. Lloyd Arnold, of Galveston, Texas, has patented an improved Bale Tie, which is formed of a block of iron, with a space or opening running longitudinally through its breadth from one end nearly to the other, and having the alternate edges of the two plates thus formed notched, the notch of the lower plate being square and of a width equal to or a little greater than the bale band, and the notch of the upper plate being narrower at its bottom than the bale band, and with its sides inclined and beveled to an edge, to adapt it to receive and hold the bale band. An improved Tie for Letter Packages has been patented by John Mersellis, of Knowersville, N. Y. The object of this invention is to provide a tie by means of which letter packages may be quickly and securely fastened or tied. It consists in a plate apertured to receive one end of the string and also to receive the hook upon which the tie is hung when not in use, and having a button and clasp spring for engaging the string in the process of tying. Fred P. Hammond, of Aurora, Ill., has patented an improved Inking Pad, which consists in a novel arrangement of layers of cloth or felt, chamois skin, oiled silk, and printing roller composition, which enables a clean impression of the stamp to be made. The pad retains the desired rounded surface and proper degree of softness, and is easily manipulated when necessary to replenish the supply of ink. William J. Clark and Thomas W. Roberts, of Coffeeville, Miss., have patented an improved Trap for Catching Fish in streams, which will allow the fish to be conveniently taken out without taking up the trap. John W. Cooper, of Salem, Ind., is the inventor of an improved Alcohol Lamp for soldering and similar purposes; and it consists in a reservoir pivoted in a supporting frame, and provided with two wick tubes, and an extinguisher secured to a spring support, and capable of closing the larger wick tube when it is in a vertical position. It has an independent extinguisher for the smaller wick tube, and is provided with a novel device for projecting the wick from the larger tube as it is moved out of a vertical position. Benjamin Slater, of Attica, N. Y., has invented a simple and effective device for Renovating Feathers by the combined action of steam and hot air. It consists of a cylindrical receptacle, partly surrounded by a steam jacket, and having a hot air box, a perforated bottom, a cover or damper for the same, and an aperture in the top, to which is fitted a perforated cover and a close cover. An improved Blind Fastening has been patented by George Runton and John Runton, of Hoboken, N. J. This fastening is so constructed as to fasten the blind or shutter automatically when swung open, and in such a way as to prevent all rattling or shaking of the blind or shutter from the action of the wind. David R. Nichols, of Alexandria Bay, N. Y., has patented an improved Animal Trap, which is so constructed as to set itself after each animal has been caught, and leave no trace of the trapped animal to frighten away those that may come afterward. William A. Doherty, of Fall River, Mass., has patented an improved Loom Shuttle Attachment, by which the weaving of bad cloth is prevented, and in case any false shed is made by any irregularities in the warp, and that part of the shed carried lower than usual, the attachment is released and thrown over the spindle point, so as to render it impossible to draw out the filling from the shuttle, and thus break it and stop the loom. Jonas Bowman, of Somerset, O., has patented an improved Vehicle Spring, which permits of dispensing with side bars, thus taking less space to turn on, and by which the tilting and pitching motion usual with springs as heretofore constructed is avoided. Hiram Unger, of Germantown, O., is the inventor of an improved Gate Latch, which is so constructed that the gate cannot be opened accidentally by being lifted or by rebounding of the catch or latch. Madison Calhoun, of Ocate, Ter. of New Mex., has patented an improved Hame Fastening, which is not liable to become accidentally unfastened, and is easily and quickly fastened and unfastened, even with cold or gloved hands. The Downer well at Corry, Pa., is now down over 1,300 feet, and an oil bearing sand has been struck of about five feet thickness. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2013). Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19406/pg19406-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

A NEW DEEP SEA THERMOMETER

On the Causes and Consequences of Large Factories

Phineas Redux by Anthony Trollope, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . PHINEAS AFTER THE TRIAL. here PHINEAS AFTER THE TRIAL. Ten days passed by, and Phineas Finn had not been out of his lodgings till after daylight, and then he only prowled about in the manner described in the last chapter. His sisters had returned to Ireland, and he saw no one, even in his own room, but two or three of his most intimate friends. Among those Mr. Low and Lord Chiltern were the most frequently with him, but Fitzgibbon, Barrington Erle, and Mr. Monk had also been admitted. People had called by the hundred, till Mrs. Bunce was becoming almost tired of her lodger's popularity; but they came only to inquire,—because it had been reported that Mr. Finn was not well after his imprisonment. The Duchess of Omnium had written to him various notes, asking when he would come to her, and what she could do for him. Would he dine, would he spend a quiet evening, would he go to Matching? Finally, would he become her guest and the Duke's next September for the partridge shooting? They would have a few friends with them, and Madame Goesler would be one of the number. Having had this by him for a week, he had not as yet answered the invitation. He had received two or three notes from Lady Laura, who had frankly explained to him that if he were really ill she would of course go to him, but that as matters stood she could not do so without displeasing her brother. He had answered each note by an assurance that his first visit should be made in Portman Square. To Madame Goesler he had written a letter of thanks,—a letter which had in truth cost him some pains. "I know," he said, "for how much I have to thank you, but I do not know in what words to do it. I ought to be with you telling you in person of my gratitude; but I must own to you that for the present what has occurred has so unmanned me that I am unfit for the interview. I should only weep in your presence like a school-girl, and you would despise me." It was a long letter, containing many references to the circumstances of the trial, and to his own condition of mind throughout its period. Her answer to him, which was very short, was as follows:— Park Lane, Sunday—. My dear Mr. Finn, I can well understand that for a while you should be too agitated by what has passed to see your friends. Remember, however, that you owe it to them as well as to yourself not to sink into seclusion. Send me a line when you think that you can come to me that I may be at home. My journey to Prague was nothing. You forget that I am constantly going to Vienna on business connected with my own property there. Prague lies but a few hours out of the route. Most sincerely yours, M. M. G. His friends who did see him urged him constantly to bestir himself, and Mr. Monk pressed him very much to come down to the House. "Walk in with me to-night, and take your seat as though nothing had happened," said Mr. Monk. "But so much has happened." "Nothing has happened to alter your outward position as a man. No doubt many will flock round you to congratulate you, and your first half-hour will be disagreeable; but then the thing will have been done. You owe it to your constituents to do so." Then Phineas for the first time expressed an opinion that he would resign his seat,—that he would take the Chiltern Hundreds, and retire altogether from public life. "Pray do nothing of the kind," said Mr. Monk. "I do not think you quite understand," said Phineas, "how such an ordeal as this works upon a man, how it may change a man, and knock out of him what little strength there ever was there. I feel that I am broken, past any patching up or mending. Of course it ought not to be so. A man should be made of better stuff;—but one is only what one is." "We'll put off the discussion for another week," said Mr. Monk. "There came a letter to me when I was in prison from one of the leading men in Tankerville, saying that I ought to resign. I know they all thought that I was guilty. I do not care to sit for a place where I was so judged,—even if I was fit any longer for a seat in Parliament." He had never felt convinced that Mr. Monk had himself believed with confidence his innocence, and he spoke with soreness, and almost with anger. "A letter from one individual should never be allowed to create interference between a member and his constituents. It should simply be answered to that effect, and then ignored. As to the belief of the townspeople in your innocence,—what is to guide you? I believed you innocent with all my heart." "Did you?" "But there was always sufficient possibility of your guilt to prevent a rational man from committing himself to the expression of an absolute conviction." The young member's brow became black as he heard this. "I can see that I offend you by saying so,—but if you will think of it, I must be right. You were on your trial; and I as your friend was bound to await the result,—with much confidence, because I knew you; but with no conviction, because both you and I are human and fallible. If the electors at Tankerville, or any great proportion of them, express a belief that you are unfit to represent them because of what has occurred, I shall be the last to recommend you to keep your seat;—but I shall be surprised indeed if they should do so. If there were a general election to-morrow, I should regard your seat as one of the safest in England." Both Mr. Low and Lord Chiltern were equally urgent with him to return to his usual mode of life,—using different arguments for their purpose. Lord Chiltern told him plainly that he was weak and womanly,—or rather that he would be were he to continue to dread the faces of his fellow-creatures. The Master of the Brake hounds himself was a man less gifted than Phineas Finn, and therefore hardly capable of understanding the exaggerated feelings of the man who had recently been tried for his life. Lord Chiltern was affectionate, tender-hearted, and true;—but there were no vacillating fibres in his composition. The balance which regulated his conduct was firmly set, and went well. The clock never stopped, and wanted but little looking after. But the works were somewhat rough, and the seconds were not scored. He had, however, been quite true to Phineas during the dark time, and might now say what he pleased. "I am womanly," said Phineas. "I begin to feel it. But I can't alter my nature." "I never was so much surprised in my life," said Lord Chiltern. "When I used to look at you in the dock, by heaven I envied you your pluck and strength." "I was burning up the stock of coals, Chiltern." "You'll come all right after a few weeks. You've been knocked out of time;—that's the truth of it." Mr. Low treated his patient with more indulgence; but he also was surprised, and hardly understood the nature of the derangement of the mechanism in the instrument which he was desirous of repairing. "I should go abroad for a few months if I were you," said Mr. Low. "I should stick at the first inn I got to," said Phineas. "I think I am better here. By and bye I shall travel, I dare say,—all over the world, as far as my money will last. But for the present I am only fit to sit still." Mrs. Low had seen him more than once, and had been very kind to him; but she also failed to understand. "I always thought that he was such a manly fellow," she said to her husband. "If you mean personal courage, there is no doubt that he possesses it,—as completely now, probably, as ever." "Oh yes;—he could go over to Flanders and let that lord shoot at him; and he could ride brutes of horses, and not care about breaking his neck. That's not what I mean. I thought that he could face the world with dignity;—but now it seems that he breaks down." "He has been very roughly used, my dear." "So he has,—and tenderly used too. Nobody has had better friends. I thought he would have been more manly." The property of manliness in a man is a great possession, but perhaps there is none that is less understood,—which is more generally accorded where it does not exist, or more frequently disallowed where it prevails. There are not many who ever make up their minds as to what constitutes manliness, or even inquire within themselves upon the subject. The woman's error, occasioned by her natural desire for a master, leads her to look for a certain outward magnificence of demeanour, a pretended indifference to stings and little torments, a would-be superiority to the bread-and-butter side of life, an unreal assumption of personal grandeur. But a robe of State such as this,—however well the garment may be worn with practice,—can never be the raiment natural to a man; and men, dressing themselves in women's eyes, have consented to walk about in buckram. A composure of the eye, which has been studied, a reticence as to the little things of life, a certain slowness of speech unless the occasion call for passion, an indifference to small surroundings, these,—joined, of course, with personal bravery,—are supposed to constitute manliness. That personal bravery is required in the composition of manliness must be conceded, though, of all the ingredients needed, it is the lowest in value. But the first requirement of all must be described by a negative. Manliness is not compatible with affectation. Women's virtues, all feminine attributes, may be marred by affectation, but the virtues and the vice may co-exist. An affected man, too, may be honest, may be generous, may be pious;—but surely he cannot be manly. The self-conscious assumption of any outward manner, the striving to add,—even though it be but a tenth of a cubit to the height,—is fatal, and will at once banish the all but divine attribute. Before the man can be manly, the gifts which make him so must be there, collected by him slowly, unconsciously, as are his bones, his flesh, and his blood. They cannot be put on like a garment for the nonce,—as may a little learning. A man cannot become faithful to his friends, unsuspicious before the world, gentle with women, loving with children, considerate to his inferiors, kindly with servants, tender-hearted with all,—and at the same time be frank, of open speech, with springing eager energies,—simply because he desires it. These things, which are the attributes of manliness, must come of training on a nature not ignoble. But they are the very opposites, the antipodes, the direct antagonism, of that staring, posed, bewhiskered and bewigged deportment, that , self-remembering assumption of manliness, that endeavour of twopence halfpenny to look as high as threepence, which, when you prod it through, has in it nothing deeper than deportment. We see the two things daily, side by side, close to each other. Let a man put his hat down, and you shall say whether he has deposited it with affectation or true nature. The natural man will probably be manly. The affected man cannot be so. nil admirari Mrs. Low was wrong when she accused our hero of being unmanly. Had his imagination been less alert in looking into the minds of men, and in picturing to himself the thoughts of others in reference to the crime with which he had been charged, he would not now have shrunk from contact with his fellow-creatures as he did. But he could not pretend to be other than he was. During the period of his danger, when men had thought that he would be hung,—and when he himself had believed that it would be so,—he had borne himself bravely without any conscious effort. When he had confronted the whole Court with that steady courage which had excited Lord Chiltern's admiration, and had looked the Bench in the face as though he at least had no cause to quail, he had known nothing of what he was doing. His features had answered the helm from his heart, but had not been played upon by his intellect. And it was so with him now. The reaction had overcome him, and he could not bring himself to pretend that it was not so. The tears would come to his eyes, and he would shiver and shake like one struck by palsy. Mr. Monk came to him often, and was all but forgiven for the apparent defection in his faith. "I have made up my mind to one thing," Phineas said to him at the end of the ten days. "And what is the one thing?" "I will give up my seat." "I do not see a shadow of a reason for it." "Nevertheless I will do it. Indeed, I have already written to Mr. Ratler for the Hundreds. There may be and probably are men down at Tankerville who still think that I am guilty. There is an offensiveness in murder which degrades a man even by the accusation. I suppose it wouldn't do for you to move for the new writ." "Ratler will do it, as a matter of course. No doubt there will be expressions of great regret, and my belief is that they will return you again." "If so, they'll have to do it without my presence." Mr. Ratler did move for a new writ for the borough of Tankerville, and within a fortnight of his restoration to liberty Phineas Finn was no longer a Member of Parliament. It cannot be alleged that there was any reason for what he did, and yet the doing of it for the time rather increased than diminished his popularity. Both Mr. Gresham and Mr. Daubeny expressed their regret in the House, and Mr. Monk said a few words respecting his friend, which were very touching. He ended by expressing a hope that they soon might see him there again, and an opinion that he was a man peculiarly fitted by the tone of his mind, and the nature of his intellect, for the duties of Parliament. Then at last, when all this had been settled, he went to Lord Brentford's house in Portman Square. He had promised that that should be the first house he would visit, and he was as good as his word. One evening he crept out, and walked slowly along Oxford Street, and knocked timidly at the door. As he did so he longed to be told that Lady Laura was not at home. But Lady Laura was at home,—as a matter of course. In those days she never went into society, and had not passed an evening away from her father's house since Mr. Kennedy's death. He was shown up into the drawing-room in which she sat, and there he found her—alone. "Oh, Phineas, I am so glad you have come." "I have done as I said, you see." "I could not go to you when they told me that you were ill. You will have understood all that?" "Yes; I understand." "People are so hard, and cold, and stiff, and cruel, that one can never do what one feels, oneself, to be right. So you have given up your seat." "Yes,—I am no longer a Member of Parliament." "Barrington says that they will certainly re-elect you." "We shall see. You may be sure at any rate of this,—that I shall never ask them to do so. Things seem to be so different now from what they did. I don't care for the seat. It all seems to be a bore and a trouble. What does it matter who sits in Parliament? The fight goes on just the same. The same falsehoods are acted. The same mock truths are spoken. The same wrong reasons are given. The same personal motives are at work." "And yet, of all believers in Parliament, you used to be the most faithful." "One has time to think of things, Lady Laura, when one lies in Newgate. It seems to me to be an eternity of time since they locked me up. And as for that trial, which they tell me lasted a week, I look back at it till the beginning is so distant that I can hardly remember it. But I have resolved that I will never talk of it again. Lady Chiltern is out probably." "Yes;—she and Oswald are dining with the Baldocks." "She is well?" "Yes;—and most anxious to see you. Will you go to their place in September?" He had almost made up his mind that if he went anywhere in September he would go to Matching Priory, accepting the offer of the Duchess of Omnium; but he did not dare to say so to Lady Laura, because she would have known that Madame Goesler also would be there. And he had not as yet accepted the invitation, and was still in doubt whether he would not escape by himself instead of attempting to return into the grooves of society. "I think not;—I am hardly as yet sufficiently master of myself to know what I shall do." "They will be much disappointed." "And you?—what will you do?" "I shall not go there. I am told that I ought to visit Loughlinter, and I suppose I shall. Oswald has promised to go down with me before the end of the month, but he will not remain above a day or two." "And your father?" "We shall leave him at Saulsby. I cannot look it all in the face yet. It is not possible that I should remain all alone in that great house. The people all around would hate and despise me. I think Violet will come down with me, but of course she cannot remain there. Oswald must go to Harrington because of the hunting. It has become the business of his life. And she must go with him." "You will return to Saulsby." "I cannot say. They seem to think that I should live at Loughlinter;—but I cannot live there alone." He soon took leave of her, and did so with no warmer expressions of regard on either side than have here been given. Then he crept back to his lodgings, and she sat weeping alone in her father's house. When he had come to her during her husband's lifetime at Dresden, or even when she had visited him at his prison, it had been better than this. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Anthony Trollope (2006). Phineas Redux. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/18640/pg18640-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

PHINEAS AFTER THE TRIAL.

Frédéric Chopin, the famous 19th-century composer and pianist, is widely recognized for his exquisite and emotional music. However, behind his exceptional musical talent lies a story of personal battles with mental health issues. This article will delve into Chopin's life, highlighting his musical genius while exploring the challenges he had to overcome due to his fragile mental health. Youth and Musical Talent Frédéric François Chopin was born on March 1, 1810, in Żelazowa Wola, Poland. From a young age, he displayed exceptional musical talent, particularly on the piano. His mother, Tekla Justyna Krzyżanowska, herself a pianist, recognized his gift and encouraged him in his early years. At the age of seven, he began taking piano lessons and quickly became a prodigy at the keyboard. Chopin studied composition and piano at the Warsaw Academy of Music and developed his unique musical style, characterized by melodic and expressive compositions. His music is often described as romantic, emotional, and deeply personal. Early Signs of Mental Health Issues Despite his early success in music, Chopin began showing signs of mental health issues during his adolescence. He suffered from depression, anxiety, and physical health problems, including tuberculosis. These mental health challenges accompanied him throughout his life, influencing his creative work and his relationships with others. Chopin left Poland at the age of 20 to settle in Paris, where he became a renowned composer and pianist. His music captured the hearts of Parisian society, and he formed friendships with other notable artists of the time, including the poet Alfred de Musset and the writer George Sand. The Link Between Creativity and Suffering Chopin's experience with mental health issues left an indelible mark on his music. Many of his compositions, such as the Preludes and Nocturnes, reflect a sense of melancholy and introspection. His works are imbued with deep emotion, contributing to his legendary status in the world of classical music. Chopin's personal relationships were also marked by his mental struggles. His affair with George Sand, the famous writer of the time, was both passionate and tumultuous. The relationship at times exacerbated Chopin's mental health issues but also inspired some of his most remarkable compositions. Loneliness and Isolation Chopin was often isolated due to his fragile health. His tuberculosis gradually worsened, forcing him to live in warmer climates to alleviate his symptoms. He spent many years in Majorca, where he continued to compose despite challenging living conditions. However, he was compelled to leave the island due to local hostility toward his relationship with George Sand. A Tragic End Frédéric Chopin passed away on October 17, 1849, at the age of 39, in Paris. His mental and physical health had deteriorated over the years, and his death was attributed to tuberculosis. His funeral was intimate, and his music was played to honor his memory. Legacy Chopin left a lasting musical legacy, but his struggle with mental health issues remains a significant aspect of his life. His ability to transform his suffering into musical beauty has touched generations of music lovers and continues to inspire artists worldwide. Frédéric Chopin was a musical genius with a troubled soul. His music remains a powerful testament to how creativity can emerge from mental suffering. By exploring Chopin's life, we can better understand the complexity of the human soul and the depth of his art. Chopin is a poignant example of how artists can use music to express their deepest emotions, even in the midst of pain and suffering. Also published here.

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