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Unum Group stock underperforms Monday when compared to competitors

Shares of Unum Group slid 1.80% to $42.52 Tuesday, on what proved to be an all-around grim trading session for the stock market, with the S&P 500 Index...

Unum Group stock falls Tuesday, underperforms market - MarketWatch

SC state officials called off a planned move of state employees to 1200 Colonial Life Boulevard after the building owner backed out of lease.

Nearly 1K state employees slated to move from Bull St. need new plan after deal falls apart

A local organization dedicated to the support of Veterans and first responders received a commemorative grant to continue its mission.

$175k grant awarded to Big Red Barn Retreat's veteran trauma support | WACH

Unum (UNM) Headquartered in Chattanooga, TN, Unum Group (UNM) was created following the Jun 1999 merger of Provident Companies, Inc. and Unum Corporation. Along with disability insurance, the company provides long-term care insurance, life insurance ...

Here's Why Unum (UNM) is a Strong Momentum Stock

Net income of $202.0 million ($1.02 per diluted common share) for the third quarter of 2023; after-tax adjusted operating income was $381.7 million ($1.94 per diluted common share).Results reflect continued strong execution,

Unum Group Reports Third Quarter 2023 Results

So, I underestimated what sort of trajectory Unum (NYSE:UNM) would do ... While higher interest rates in some ways are a great net positive factor for insurance companies, they also come with some downside risks. I've been through clearly before that ...

Unum: Definitely A 'Hold' Here

Unum Group will release earnings for the most recent quarter on October 31.Analysts expect Unum Group will report earnings per share of $1.92.Go

What Wall Street expects from Unum Group's earnings

Unum (UNM) has recently been on Zacks.com's list of the most searched stocks. Therefore, you might want to consider some of the key factors that could influence the stock's performance in the near future.

Investors Heavily Search Unum Group (UNM): Here is What You Need to Know

Zacks.com users have recently been watching Unum (UNM) quite a bit. Thus, it is worth knowing the facts that could determine the stock's prospects.

Unum Group

unumgroup

When we hear the word "group," we often think of various associations, from social circles to musical bands or even a gathering of animals. A Fabric.js group is a collection of objects that are clustered together. These groups serve multiple purposes, such as moving and modifying objects collectively or applying property changes uniformly across multiple objects. In this blog post, we will explore how to create object groups using Fabric.js, empowering you to streamline your object manipulation and modification tasks. Why Use Object Groups in Fabric.js: Object groups offer several advantages and functionalities, including: With object groups, you can conveniently move multiple objects as a single unit, simplifying the positioning and arrangement of complex scenes. Moving Multiple Objects Together: By grouping objects, you can apply modifications uniformly across the entire group, saving time and effort when making changes to related objects. Modifying Objects as a Group: Object groups enable simultaneous property changes, allowing you to apply transformations like skewing, scaling, fill color, stroke, and more to multiple objects at once. Applying Property Changes: Creating Object Groups in Fabric.js: To create an object group in Fabric.js, we utilize the fabric.Group constructor. Let's take a closer look at its syntax and usage: Syntax: new fabric.Group(objects: Object, 
                  options(optional): Object, 
                  isAlreadyGrouped(optional): Boolean); The parameter accepts an array of objects that we want to group together. objects Optional can be passed as an object, allowing customization of group properties like position and angle. options The parameter is used to indicate if the provided objects are already grouped. isAlreadyGrouped Creating a Basic Object Group: Follow these steps to create a basic object group: You can group shapes, images, or text elements by creating individual objects. Pass these objects as an array to the constructor. fabric.Group Example: var circle = new fabric.Circle({ radius: 30, fill: "#FF0000" });
var image = new fabric.Image(...);
var text = new fabric.Text("Hello", ...);

var group = new fabric.Group([circle, image, text]);
canvas.add(group); A circle, an image, and a text element are combined in the above example. The variable represents the newly created object group, which is then added to the canvas. group Customizing Object Groups: You can further customize object groups by providing optional properties to the object parameter. These properties allow you to define the group's position, rotation angle, and other visual attributes. options Example: var group = new fabric.Group([circle, image, text], {
  left: 70,
  top: 94,
  angle: -10,
}); In the above example, we set the and properties to position the group on the canvas. Additionally, we specify an to rotate the entire group. left top angle Creating a Group of Two Objects: Creating a group of two objects follows a similar approach. However, we need to ensure proper alignment within the group by setting the and properties to "center" for each object. originX originY Example: var rect = new fabric.Rect({
    width: 100,
    height: 85,
    fill: "#FFC0CB",
    originX: "center",
    originY: "center"
});
var text = new fabric.Text("Hello world@", {
    fontSize: 30,
    originX: "center",
    originY: "center"
});

var group = new fabric.Group([rect, text], {
    left: 150,
    top: 100,
    angle: -10
});
canvas.add(group); In the above example, we create a group of a rectangle and text element. By specifying the and properties as "center" for each object, we ensure they are properly centered within the group. originX originY Ungrouping Fabric.js Objects In addition to creating groups of objects in Fabric.js, you also have the ability to ungroup them when needed. Ungrouping objects allows you to restore their individual properties and manipulate them independently. Let's explore how to ungroup objects using Fabric.js with an example. Example of Ungrouping Objects: You want to ungroup a group of objects and treat them separately. Consider a group consisting of two rectangles and a text element. We will demonstrate how to ungroup them using Fabric.js. var canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");

// Create the rectangles
var rect1 = new fabric.Rect({
  width: 100,
  height: 50,
  fill: "blue",
  left: 50,
  top: 50,
});

var rect2 = new fabric.Rect({
  width: 100,
  height: 50,
  fill: "red",
  left: 200,
  top: 50,
});

// Create the text element
var text = new fabric.Text("Hello", {
  fontSize: 20,
  fill: "white",
  left: 120,
  top: 60,
});

// Group the objects
var group = new fabric.Group([rect1, rect2, text], {
  left: 100,
  top: 100,
});

canvas.add(group);

// Ungroup the objects
var activeObj = canvas.getActiveObject();
var activegroup = activeObj.toGroup();
var objectsInGroup = activegroup.getObjects();

activegroup.clone(function(newgroup) {
    canvas.remove(activegroup);
    objectsInGroup.forEach(function(object) {
        canvas.remove(object);  
    });
    canvas.add(newgroup);
    canvas.setActiveObject(newgroup);
    canvas.requestRenderAll();
});

canvas.renderAll(); In the code above, we assume that canvas is the Fabric.js canvas object. First, we retrieve the active object from the canvas using . We then convert the active object into a group using the method, and store it in the activegroup variable. getActiveObject() toGroup() A list of objects within the group is obtained using the method and stored in the variable. getObjects() objectsInGroup A clone of the activegroup is then created using the clone() method. Inside the callback function of clone(), we remove the activegroup from the canvas using . remove(activegroup) We iterate over the objectsInGroup array and remove each individual object from the canvas using . remove(object) After removing the group and its objects, we add the cloned group back to the canvas using . add(newgroup) Finally, we set the newgroup as the active object on the canvas using , and request the canvas to render the changes using By executing this code, you will ungroup the objects and have them restored as separate entities on the canvas. setActiveObject(newgroup) requestRenderAll(). Conclusion Mastering object grouping in Fabric.js empowers you to simplify object manipulation and modification tasks. By creating object groups, you can move, modify, and apply property changes to multiple objects simultaneously, enhancing your productivity and efficiency. Whether you're working with complex scenes or need to apply uniform transformations, object groups in Fabric.js are a valuable tool in your development arsenal. Start leveraging the power of object grouping in Fabric.js and take your canvas-based applications to the next level.

Simplifying Object Manipulation: Grouping and Ungrouping Fabric.js Objects

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Since , I was dying to try the and see all its potential for my usual tasks. Apple showcased how this technology could revolutionize our workspaces and redefine our approach to tasks and creativity. I was particularly intrigued by its implications for IT management and systems design. WWDC2023 Apple Vision Pro Currently, we rely on a variety of tools to create, design, and present our ideas. But what if we could perform these tasks in a 3D space on a daily basis? I believe Apple might have the answer. Recently, I finally had the chance to try out available apps for presentations, mind mapping, drawing, and designing. I'm here to share my impressions and thoughts. Presentations: Key Note and Microsoft PowerPoint Already, you can find two of the most popular solutions adapted for Vision Pro: Key Note and Microsoft PowerPoint. It´s hard for me to choose between them, and I don´t think I have to. Both products are terrific and suggest new opportunities. I guess everyone can stick to their favorite or familiar product without worrying about quality and responsiveness. Interface For both KeyNote and Microsoft PowerPoint, the interface hasn't undergone significant changes; rather, it has been refined to accommodate eye control. While some actions took me time to figure out, overall, the interface feels intuitive and user-friendly. I enjoyed it both with and without the environment, but the former is preferable for me as it allows me to concentrate on my work without distractions. Killer Features For KeyNote, definitely, rehearsal environments is a killer feature! It works amazing, and you can feel yourself in a conference room or in a theater. You can see your slides for practice and choose the view: with or without notes, show the next slide or not, and so on. Unfortunately, there are no people simulations. I suppose there might be Apple personas in the future. For PowerPoint, there is information from the : Microsoft blog Use PowerPoint to make a lasting impression with powerful and customizable slides and presentations that make you stand out. The Immersive Environment of Apple Vision Pro allows you to practice your presentation like you are presenting to an audience. Truly you can work with any app in the Vision Pro environment (not just PowerPoint), those are forest, moon, sky, and so on. However, rehearsal environments with a conference room or a theater are particularly a KeyNote feature, and you cannot use it in PowerPoint, at least for now. For sure, you can practice your presentation in any standard environment, but that´s not the same experience. Drawbacks The main drawback I've encountered while working with presentations via Vision Pro is the virtual keyboard. As someone who frequently creates detailed presentations involving numbers and text, composing these elements directly on Vision Pro can be challenging. The responsiveness of the virtual keyboard is lacking, resulting in slower typing and more errors. For now, I would choose either to connect a physical keyboard or to use my laptop as the foundation for presentations - Apple Vision Pro allows me to do it. Moreover, I would say that it was difficult for me to work with text and numerical blocks for a long time in Vision Pro. It's too cumbersome for me, and I can't relax like when watching a movie. I have to sit, type, and think while wearing a heavy thing on my head. That isn't as comfortable for me, but this is a very specific problem. The Verdict Keynote and PowerPoint on Vision Pro are perfect for making final adjustments and practicing your presentation. You can immerse yourself in the environment and focus on your work. You can enlarge the screen significantly, allowing you to easily view all your notes and slides. Moving slides and blocks, changing pictures, and leaving notes are all effortless. This experience is much better than working with just a laptop. Unfortunately, even though the virtual keyboard is among the best on the market, it's not yet perfect. Therefore, it might be challenging to create an entire presentation from scratch using only Vision Pro. However, connecting with a laptop works seamlessly, making it still possible. I will use Vision Pro for final preparations and to practice my presentations, and I would definitely recommend giving it a try. Drawing and Designing: FreeForm, Figma, Miro This section, to be honest, left me somewhat disappointed. While FreeForm performs adequately, its functionality is quite limited. Miro and Figma offer a broader range of features, but, unfortunately, none of them are adapted for Vision Pro (Miro is available as an iPad version, and Figma is available in Safari and in a wrapper application), so the responsiveness is low. Killer Features FreeForm is a standard Apple app available on iPhone, MacBook, and iPad. As an Apple application, it works smoothly. Gestures are instantly recognized. I particularly enjoyed the ability to bring it close and use it in a manner reminiscent of an iPad where you can draw with a finger instead of gestures. The initial experience of feeling the paper with my brain was genuinely perplexing. There is a library with different elements, so I see it as a specific tool for designing and not just drawing, but for now, it's more like a vision of the future. Figma and Miro have all their powerful features available but only as unadapted apps. Drawbacks Regrettably, FreeForm offers only a limited set of functions for now. Whether additional features will be introduced remains uncertain. Presently, it seems suitable only for basic drawing tasks. Moreover, even though the gestures are recognized well, it's still difficult to design something quickly. It took too much time and patience to draw this simple scheme: Figma and Miro, among other apps, encounter challenges in adapting to the Vision Pro interface. A common issue is the difficulty in processing gestures, which hampers smooth usage. For example, selecting an object may unintentionally move the entire canvas, leading to inefficiencies in work processes. Or you can struggle with object capture. These challenges pose significant obstacles to productivity and make those apps uncomfortable to use on Vision Pro. The Verdict I recognize the potential of this technology. Combining the strengths of the apps could result in amazing tools. I believe that utilizing Vision Pro for drawing and designing has the capacity to revolutionize the entire process. The flexibility to design while standing, sitting, or using the screen as an iPad is truly remarkable! However, we must exercise patience and allow the apps the time needed to refine and expand their functionalities further. I eagerly await the opportunity to see and experience these advances firsthand. Mind Mapping: Miro and Mind Note As I mentioned earlier, many well-known apps like Miro and others are not optimized for Vision Pro. While you can access them through a web browser or their iPad versions, it's not as convenient. When discussing Vision Pro-specific apps, one notable mention is Mind Note. The interface caught my eye with its aesthetic appeal, although not everything functions flawlessly. Killer Features One standout feature in Mind Note is the fluid movement of nodes, which makes working with mind maps exceptionally convenient. While Miro also offers this feature, Mind Note on Vision Pro expands it with its smooth performance and adaptivity. Vision Pro seems like the most efficient way to work with a mind map, making you feel like a hero creating something in a movie. Manipulating nodes, switching between them, grouping and ungrouping, and adding new ones are all effortlessly executed using gestures, much quicker than on a laptop or iPad. Furthermore, expanding the display to view the entire map without physically moving it just by turning your head facilitates a comprehensive view, fulfilling the primary purpose of mind mapping. This approach to creation resonated well with me. Even printing is a seamless process here. Printing extensive text blocks within the mind map is unnecessary, so the virtual keyboard is more than sufficient. Drawbacks However, there are some basic functionalities that have yet to be fully adapted or completed. A notable drawback, from my perspective, is the absence of pinch-to-zoom functionality (both in Miro and Mind Note). This feature seems essential, and its absence is somewhat disappointing; I hope the creators address this in the near future. Additionally, there is a cost associated with Mind Note, and without it, the functionality is significantly restricted, rendering the app more of a visual treat than a practical tool. The Verdict In my opinion, Vision Pro stands out as an ideal tool for mind mapping. It provides focus, a holistic view, and effortless node manipulation, offering optimal conditions for creative and effective mind mapping. Using Vision Pro exceeds the experience of using a traditional paper or browser version. Despite existing drawbacks, Vision Pro is a promising choice for mind-mapping enthusiasts. Conclusion Vision Pro is a powerful tool for creating, designing, and presenting ideas. It allows us to extend our current tools, giving us more space and possibilities. Unfortunately, since Vision Pro has just launched, there isn't a huge selection of apps in the App Store, and some apps are limited in their functionality. However, the speed at which new apps appear and existing ones improve is incredible. So, I'm sure we'll see plenty of updates in the near future. Let me know what you think in the comments!

Ready to Innovate? Explore Apple Vision Pro Apps for Managers and Analysts

উদ্ভাবনের জন্য প্রস্তুত? ম্যানেজার এবং বিশ্লেষকদের জন্য Apple Vision Pro অ্যাপগুলি অন্বেষণ করুন

Bereit für Innovationen? Entdecken Sie Apple Vision Pro Apps für Manager und Analysten

¿Listo para innovar? Explore las aplicaciones Apple Vision Pro para gerentes y analistas

Prêt à innover ? Explorez les applications Apple Vision Pro pour les managers et les analystes

नवप्रवर्तन के लिए तैयार हैं? प्रबंधकों और विश्लेषकों के लिए ऐप्पल विज़न प्रो ऐप्स का अन्वेषण करें

革新する準備はできていますか?マネージャーとアナリスト向けの Apple Vision Pro アプリを探索する

혁신할 준비가 되셨나요? 관리자와 분석가를 위한 Apple Vision Pro 앱 살펴보기

Pronto para inovar? Explore os aplicativos Apple Vision Pro para gerentes e analistas

Готовы к инновациям? Ознакомьтесь с приложениями Apple Vision Pro для менеджеров и аналитиков

Yenilik yapmaya hazır mısınız? Yöneticiler ve Analistler için Apple Vision Pro Uygulamalarını Keşfedin

Sẵn sàng để đổi mới? Khám phá Ứng dụng Apple Vision Pro dành cho Người quản lý và Nhà phân tích

准备好创新了吗？探索适合经理和分析师的 Apple Vision Pro 应用程序

This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Pascal Baumann, Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS), Germany; (2) Rupak Majumdar, Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS), Germany; (3) Ramanathan S. Thinniyam, Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS), Germany; (4) Georg Zetzsche, Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS), Germany. Table of Links Introduction Dynamic Networks of Concurret Pushdown Systems (DCPS) Warm-up: Non-Termination Fair Non-Termination From Progressive Runs for VASSB to Reachability Starvation Conclusion, Acknowledgment & References A. Strengthening Fairness to Progressive Runs B. Proofs from Section 4.1 C. Proofs for Section 5 D. Proofs for Section 5.3 E. Proofs for Section 6 B PROOFS FROM SECTION 4.1 Intuitively, the edge in (1) spawns the initial thread, the edges in (2) remove a thread with csnumber 0 when it becomes active for the first time and the edges in (3) convert it to a balloon, the edges in (4) apply the spawns during the 푗th segment of a thread by transferring them from the balloon to the regular places, the edges in (5) and (6) finalize this application process with the edges in (6) handling the special case of the 퐾th segment of a thread, the edges in (7) burst balloons containing no more spawns, and the edges in (8) initialize the application of spawns for a thread with cs-number ≥ 1 that is already being represented by a balloon. Lemma B.1. The DCPS A has an infinite, progressive, K-context switch bounded run iff the VASSB V has an infinite progressive run. Proof. For the only if direction let p be an infinite, progressive, K-context switch bounded run of A. We want to decompose p into parts corresponding to a single thread each. To do this we look at the continuous segments of p where a thread is active, starting from the first configuration with an active thread and ending each segment at a configuration with no active thread, upon which a new segment begins at the very next configuration. We can now group segments together into executions of single threads: • Start with the earliest not yet grouped segment where the active thread has context switch number 0. Note the local configuration that gets added to the bag at the end of this segment. • Take the very next ungrouped segment in p where the active thread at the beginning matches the previously noted local configuration. Again, note the local configuration that gets added to the bag at the end of this segment. • Repeat the previous step until an empty stack occurs. The constructed run of V is also sound: For each segment of p it has a sequence of transitions that make the same state change as that segment, and also apply the same spawns. The latter is due to initially choosing the contents during the creation of a balloon correctly. A token representing the initial thread is also created in the beginning of the run. Since the transitions from one segment to the next require the same resumption rules Δr as in p (see edges (2) and (8)) these are also possible in V. For the if direction we do a very similar construction, but backwards. Starting with an infinite progressive run of V from c0, we decompose it into segments that end in a state in G. Afterwards we group those segments together by matching the local balloon configurations in the same way we did for local thread configurations before. Then by construction of Lt we know that there is a thread execution of type t that makes the same spawns in each segment as the group of one balloon does. Those executions will all terminate after K context switches, guaranteeing progressiveness, and we can interleave them in the same way as the balloon segments to form an infinite progressive run of A.

Context-Bounded Verification of Liveness: B Proofs from Section 4.1

Ansible is a Configuration Management and Application Deployment system that is designed to streamline the process of controlling a large number of servers, basically for administration and operational processes. In other words, it allows you to control several remote machines in an automated fashion from a location. Ansible uses an SSH channel for communication to control the remote machines/servers. Hence, any system that has an open an SSH port can be configured by an Ansible machine, also known as Ansible Control Node. It works on a modular approach: modules can be on any language and communicate in standard JSON. There are two different ways through which Ansible can interact with the remote host or machine, either via command line tools or its configuration scripts, which are mainly written in the . format, widely known as Playbooks. YAML Before we begin this tutorial, the requirements are as follows: A machine that will act as an Ansible Control Node, which will be used to connect and control the remote machines/servers. Control Node can either be your local machine or a designated secure Ansible server on Ubuntu 18.04. A non-root user with sudo privileges One or more remote hosts, which will be configured to automate via your Ansible Control Node. Please make sure that the control node has SSH access to the systems/machines/servers. Installing Ansible on the Machine You can install Ansible either on a local machine or designate a specific machine that is going to act as a Control Node for administrators and operation teams. There are multiple ways through which you can install the Ansible on your system, here we are going to discuss two of them: PPA (preferred) and from the source code. Installing via PPA (Personal Package Archive): First, you have to include the official project’s PPA into your system by running the following command: $ sudo apt update && sudo apt-add-repository -y --update ppa:ansible/ansible To make sure that the system is aware of the packages, again, refresh your machine’s package index: $ sudo apt update Now your machine is ready to install Ansible; you can install it by running the following command: $ sudo apt install ansible -y You can verify the installation by this command: $ ansible --version
ansible 2.5.1
 config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
 configured module search path = [u , u ]
 ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible
 executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
 python version = 2.7.17 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:07:09) [GCC 7.4.0] '/home/gaurav/.ansible/plugins/modules' '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules' Installing via Source Code: Many users prefer to install Ansible for the source code as they can get their hands on the latest features on the fly, there is no software to install, no demons nor database setup is required. Hence there are very slim chances of anything wrong. However, you shouldn’t go this path because if you get into some error or issue, then troubleshooting can take a heavy toll if you are new to the Ansible realm. $ ~
$ git https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git && cd clone cd $_ Once you have cloned the repo, set up the Ansible environment using Bash: $ ./hacking/env-setup source Alternatively, you can use the MAKE command: $ make
$ sudo make install You can verify the installation by this command: $ ansible --version
ansible 2.5.1
 config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
 configured module search path = [u , u ]
 ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible
 executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
 python version = 2.7.17 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:07:09) [GCC 7.4.0] '/home/gaurav/.ansible/plugins/modules' '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules' Now, as your machine is ready to perform administrative activities on your host system, the next step is to add your host system to the control node’s inventory file. Setting Up Control Node’s Inventory File: In simple words, the inventory file consists of information about the host machines/systems/server that you are going to manage with Ansible. There is absolutely no restriction that how many hosts you can add to your control node, as hosts can be organized into smaller groups and sub-groups as per your organization structure or system requirement, which later will be used within your playbooks and template. In the inventory file, you might often have to set various variables, which governs how your playbook is going to run; for example, is one of those variables which you are going to use every often. ansible_python_interpreter You can find the Ansible inventory file at . Go to your terminal and choose editor of your choice on your Control Node: /etc/ansible/hosts $ sudo nano /etc/ansible/hosts Note that on some occasions, during installation, Ansible won’t create a default inventory file. In case if you don’t find one on your system, then feel free to create a new one for yourself at directory. /etc/ansible Although you can choose any desired location to create your inventory file, if that is the case, then you need to specify the custom inventory path by using the parameter during running commands and playbooks. -i By default, Ansible installation provides you with many cases that you can use as a reference for setting up your inventory file. However, we are going to set up our own group and sub-group; for this, we are going to define three different servers under group name and sub-group name where we are going to set variable. [myremote] [myremote:vars] Please make sure that you replace the IP addresses of your Ansible hosts in , , and . remote1 remote2 remote3 [myremote]
remote1 ansible_host=111.111.111.111
remote2 ansible_host=222.222.222.222
remote3 ansible_host=333.333.333.333
 
[myremote:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3 You might have noticed that we are using in our sub-group as the host parameter, which will be invoked for all our hosts specified under group. The reason you are using Python 3 executable is because Python 2.7 is not present on recent Ubuntu versions. ansible_python_interpreter myremote:vars myremote You can see the changes done to your inventory files by running the following command: $ ansible-inventory --list -y
all:
 children:
   servers:
     hosts:
       remote1:
         ansible_host: 111.111.111.111
         ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3
       remote2:
         ansible_host: 222.222.222.222
         ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3
       remote3:
         ansible_host: 333.333.333.333
         ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3
   ungrouped: {} Setup SSH Keys SSH keys are the safest way to ensure that your connection remains secure, and also, you won’t be facing issues while connecting the Ansible hosts. To generate the key, you can do this: $ ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/myansiblehost.pub -t rsa -b 4096 Now you have to copy the ssh key to your Ansible hosts that are , , and . Before running the command, make sure that you have access to your remote servers. To copy the key to your remote host, use this command; remote1 remote2 remote3 ssh-copy For remote1: $ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/myansiblehost.pub root@111.111.111.111 For remote2: $ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/myansiblehost.pub root@222.222.222.222 For remote3: $ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/myansiblehost.pub root@333.333.333.333 Now it’s time to test whether our Ansible control node can connect with remote hosts. Testing Connection from Your Ansible Control Node We are now going to test our connection with user root, although you can specify a regular sudo user by using argument. -u Command is a built-in Ansible module, which helps to run a connectivity test on all the nodes that are defined in your inventory file as user . ping root $ ansible all -m ping -u root
remote1 | SUCCESS => { : , : }
remote2 | SUCCESS => { : , : }
remote3 | SUCCESS => { : , : } "changed" false "ping" "pong" "changed" false "ping" "pong" "changed" false "ping" "pong" This is the first time you are connecting to the remote host via SSH; hence, you will be asked to confirm the authenticity of the hosts you are connecting to via Ansible. Prompt will occur in the terminal, type 'yes', and then hit ENTER. In response to ping, you will receive a “pong” for the host; it confirms that your control node is ready to run the commands and playbook s on that particular host. Running Ad-Hoc Commands As your Ansible setup is completed, you can now start running ad-hoc commands and playbooks on your server. An Ansible Ad-hoc commands use the command-line tool, which automates a single task on your remote servers. Ad-hoc commands are used for a quick task as we used above ping, but you can not replace it with playbooks as they are not reusable; as you advance in Ansible, you will rarely use it. /usr/bin/ansible ansible all -m An Ad-Hoc command looks like this: $ ansible [pattern] -m [module] -a “[module options]” As an example, you can check the username on all servers with: $ ansible all -m shell -a ‘whoami’
remote1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
 
remote2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
 
remote3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root Alternatively, you can also run the shell module for a single user, like this: $ ansible remote1 -m shell -a ‘whoami’
remote1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root You can always run more about and from the Ansible user guide. patterns modules Conclusion: In this guide, you’ve installed Ansible, while setting up an inventory file which helped you to run Ad-Hoc commands so that you can perform certain operations on your remote machines. About the author - Sudip is a Solution Architect with more than 15 years of working experience, and is the founder of Javelynn . He likes sharing his knowledge by regularly writing for Hackernoon , DZone , Appfleet and many more. And while he is not doing that, he must be fishing or playing chess. Previously posted at https://appfleet.com/ .

Installing Ansible on Ubuntu [Part 1]

Last year, I decided to leave Apple & Google: I want to free myself from the smartphone duopole, I want to regain control over my data privacy, I want to protect my freedom. At first, I thought I would just fork Android, add a better design, remove any Google stuff, select a few privacy-compliant web services and add them to the system. A little more than 6 months later, I realize that we’re building something really, really bigger than I had expected. This is made possible by the tremendous support I’m getting from many people around the world, and by a growing community of eelo contributors… [Note: this is a long read, if you don’t have time you can watch the full demo video at the end of this article] We’re in low budget mode, but things are going quite fast. And the main project’s bottleneck is presentely… myself! I have asked many volunteers to hold on because I don’t have enough time to manage too many projects at the same time (read “ ”). If I had an eelo co-founder…. ♫ Anyway, we plan to release the first eelo operating system and some web-services as a beta “MVP” (Minimal Viable Product) by the end of August. Time has come to unveil eelo’s development status! Building a team and a community Since early February, just after the end of the eelo crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter, I spent a lot of time to communicate with people: eelo is receiving many incoming requests from people who are offering some time as volunteers. I need to figure out their real motivation, the amount of time they can spend. For some of them, we discuss a compensation. This is a long term process, and I’m very happy with the team that we have started to build: people from many places in the world, who are very smart and very talented. Today, this makes aproximately 15 people full time equivalent on various projets, from infrastructure to design. I’m also discussing with some others about side projects, more long term, that won’t be integrated into eelo first releases. Like an AI-based assistant, and the eelo token feature. Building a compilation farm A smartphone operating system is a lot (really a lot) of source-code. When you want to build it for testing on a real device, it can take up to 1.5 hour to compile on a fast machine (Core i7 / 32GB RAM / SSD drives…). And this is the case for each supported device . At the moment, we are targetting 6 different test devices, and we plan to support dozens ones. This means that we need: several compilation machines an automated setup to manage source code and builds We have decided to go with GitLab (self-hosted) + docker containers. This brings us a lot of flexibility to manage source code, and to deploy new compilation servers easily. We started to rent a first dedicated server, and I bought two refurbished IBM x3650 M3 that we have set up for compilation. We can now add as many servers as we need already. And we have a full compilation chain for the continuous integration of eelo, with automated daily builds and soon custom builds on demand. An eelo operating system, in progress! We started to work on the user interface of eelo from the begining. Therefore, we now have a great launcher, which makes icon grouping and application deletion intuitive. The launcher also provides notification badges on icons. For now, these badges are green, because I think notifications should not be stressful. Read below for a more comprehensive demonstration of the current eelo user interface. The little details eelo is about user’s data privacy and freedom, but my only certitude is that without a good user interface, it cannot be successful. So we need to go into little details, and I’m very pleased that we were able to implement these ones: our calendar icon shows the current date our clock icon displays the current time! look at the clock needles moving below: Applications… The choice for default application has lead to many internal and public discussions! I agreed to lower the number of preinstalled application at a “reasonable minimum”. This will leave users to install their prefered apps. One discussion we had was about the default messaging app. I received many suggestions for messaging apps. It’s been a difficult choice. Options were: have no default messaging app: this means that people who don’t know will instantly install WhatsApp messenger or Facebook messenger, which is not really something we want to encourage! install some great messaging apps such as Wire or DeltaChat (which is definately worth a try)… At the moment, they lack the a large number of users, which means you are likely to find nobody using it in your contacts. put Telegram: I personally like Telegram and I think that it’s one of the most secure messaging application around (the attitude of certain countries with Telegram seems to prove that). And it has many users. But this makes Signal supporters unhappy. put Signal: it’s not as good as Telegram in term of user experience, and has less users. But it’s probably extremely secure and is fully open source. And it can handle SMS / text messages. Finally, I took a simple decision: have Telegram preinstalled as a messaging app, and Signal preinstalled as default SMS app (which includes instant messaging capabilities). The choice for other default applications is important too, and I was worried about the default email application in AOSP, because it’s totally integrated with Google services. Therefore, we decided to use K9-mail and work on its user interface. It still needs some improvement, but it’s already better than ever. K9-mail also has support for email encryption with PGP. Regarding the default web-browser, we chose the default web browser from LineageOS: it’s fast and slick, but we had to modify its settings to have it provide a different list of default search engines. By default, it’s now using our new eelo meta-search engine, but users can choose to configure Qwant or DuckDuckGo. We’re also still evaluating default applications for calendar, notes, … … and widgets The launcher left view can host some widgets. The first one we have been able to implement is the “most used apps”, and a search field that is using eelo’s meta search engine online (watch the video below). And we are working on a weather widget. A huge application repository One of the big challenge of eelo is to offer a unique place where users can download and install applications, easily and without having to use a user account. We’re starting with free Android applications, and F-droid (open source) applications. We have built a big database of theses applications, that is now updating continuously 24/7. Lots of Android apps Now, we still have to build an Android application that can connect to our database and manage installed application on the user’s eelo operating system + a public repository. Operating system services One of the most important aspect of eelo OS, is to be totally free from Google software that is leaking our personal data. Therefore, we have removed Google Play Services, which are used by many applications and provide some services such as geolocation using wifi networks or GSM networks. We have replaced Google Play Services with the open source microG component. microG offers a nice alternative to Google Play services (it’s not addressing all features yet though). An important feature is also to offer instant synchronization and backup capabilities. Therefore, we’re implementing an “eelo synchronizer” service, that users can chose to use to have their pictures, videos, device settings, backuped to the cloud. For now, they can use a public OwnCloud/NextCloud instance, or a self-hosted one. eelo will also provide an online drive. We also already have an “Over The Air” (OTA) mechanism in place for upgrading the whole system. Web services Take the most secure and data privacy-compliant smartphone: you can still ruin your privacy if you are using email or search or drive from online services that are using your data for their business. Therefore, we had to work on alternatives for those services. We already have an eelo email service implementation, that eelo backers can soon access, as well as a drive service implementation. It still lacks some consistency on the user interface, but it’s in progress. The challenge is going to make it scalable, we’re discussing with some hosting partners for that. eelo search, webmail, and drive One of the web service I’d like to offer with eelo is a good maps application. OpenStreetMap is working great, but for now, I don’t find a good enough mobile (and open source) application that can display maps from OpenStreetMaps. We could hack some apps, but this is a big project I don’t want to start for now. (I’m open to ideas/suggestions!) A demo of the current status… Icon grouping, ungrouping, application deletion, launch some apps, do a search… watch the video! Another feature I wanted to show is media synchronization, but it was a little too complicated as a movie, so I took some pics: First, take some pictures of a lovely Raspberry-pi: Then, wait a little, and you can see that the pictures have been synchronized to the eelo drive: And if you have another device connected to the same eelo drive account, you see the same pictures appear: Deletion is supported, edition as well. Multimedia contents, including images, videos, sounds, are synced, and we’re working on backuping the device settings. What remains to do before eelo’s first public beta “MVP”? There is a lot to do yet, but here is a a list of main things to be implemented: integrate the synchronization service: it must run as a system daemon add an eelo indentity mechanism so that users don’t have to authenticate for each eelo service (mail, drive…). We already have set up a keycloack server for that, work in progress customize the first-time usage wizard, especially to include the eelo identity part, and to ask users about their choices (sync, do not sync, …) and have the same in general settings tweak some default settings in the ROM user interface: improve some default apps look&feel, improve settings look & feel complete the choice of default apps and integrate them maybe integrate XPrivacy complete the application repository and developer installer application test! debug! test! debug! test! debug!…. Roadmap for next months I’m often asked “when is it going to be released?” Our target has not changed: we plan to release the first eelo “MVP” as a beta software by the end of August. Then, we will open the eelo source code repository. This should probably bring more contributors aboard. eelo Version 1.0 can be expected by the end of 2018 or early 2019. Last but not least: “e Foundation” I said that I wanted core eelo assets to be hosted into a non-profit organization. This is now a reality: “e Foundation” (and is starting collecting donation and contributions from backers through eelo’s website. is now a legal entity More than ever, eelo needs everyone’s support: talk about the project to friends, to the medias, contribute! And we’re now looking for partners: smarthpone makers who would like to distribute eelo, telcos, hosting corporations… Let’s free us from the net giant duopole, our data is OUR data! — Gaël (follow me / ) on Twitter on Mastodon PS New update at https://medium.com/@gael_duval/leaving-apple-and-google-e-is-the-symbol-for-my-data-is-my-data-69629a948fec Keep in touch with eelo: landing page. register at eelo.io Get in touch with me: gael @ eelo . io comments in please ;) ENGLISH

Leaving Apple & Google: a global eelo development status

Starting from this week, I’m going to regularly unveil a specific eelo feature we’re working one. As you know, eelo’s purpose is to deliver a full-featured operating system that is offering way better respect of user’s data privacy. In this respect we’re specifically removing any piece of Android that is sending personal data to Google. I’m also conscious that eelo will benefit from a large user adoption (you know: Mom, Dad, children and friends…) only if it’s attractive enough: it should offer the best possible user experience, and a great user interface. One piece of software we needed to redevelop from scratch is the launcher. This is the main graphical interface that offers a way to start and organize applications. Prototypes of our BlissLauncher were unveiled during eelo’s initial crowdfunding campaign. Thanks to its success, we were able to increase our development effort on this launcher, and now it is offering new features. Here they are! Grouping and ungrouping icons An application icon can be “merged” with another one to make an application group, that can be named. We have improved this feature with the capability to have several views, which means that you can have a lot of icons in one group: eelo BlissLauncher: grouping/ungrouping application icons BlissLauncher search The left view is traditionally where you can search content and access several widgets: weather, news updates… We’ve replaced the default “Google-based” search by a call to eelo search, which is a meta search engine implementation (beta!) based on Searx, with full respect of user’s privacy. And we’re now working on the widget features. eelo BlissLauncher search, with privacy! BlissLauncher: application deletion and more Uninstalling an application should be easy, now it is! Just press an application icon, wait for the “minus” badge to appear, confirm, and you are done! And it wasn’t enough: we thought that it would be convenient to add a notification badge to application icons when a notification arrives. But we made it green, because notifications should be informational, not anxiogenic. eelo BlissLauncher app deletion And the little details… In BlissLauncher, the calendar icon now displays the correct date, dynamically: And the clock icon displays the time dynamically as well! BlissLauncher clock icon: look at the clock needle… Next time Next time I’ll probably show you our user data synchronization feature, that you can use to synchronize several device contents using safe hosting services. Support eelo! We’re doing a smartphone operating system in the public interest. Supporting eelo is the best way to make eelo a great success an offer a real, independent, alternative mobile OS to users. What you can do to support the project: clap for this article! spread the word… Internet forums, social media, email, … talk about eelo :) as a gift become a backer and get a smartphone with eelo donate some money to the project support my full-time engagement on eelo (developer, …) become a contributor Sincerely, Gaël Duval.

Latest development updates: eelo BlissLauncher v2

and of this series focused on partnerships and EOY price predictions for VeChain Thor. Part 3 will examine some less well known alt-coins with a lot of upside in the Chinese market in 2018. Part 1 Part 2 cryptocurrency Finding information on smaller projects originating in China can be difficult. However, this can work to the advantage of investors prepared to dig in with some research and provides . Blockchain opportunities for identifying lesser known projects with a lot of growth potential I believe the best indicators of future success for a cryptocurrency project are the quality of its partnerships/investors and the scale of the value creation from the problem being solved by implementing Blockchain. If a Billion dollar company or a government has invested significant time and money into a project, more so than I could ever hope to, then the risk-reward ratio vastly improves. For this reason, all of the projects included here have what I believe to be strong partnerships and/or investors, as well as market caps on the lower side, giving room for a share of the . In addition, there’s a clear use case for large scale value creation. potential Trillion Dollar Blockchain market in China https://www.matrix.io/ The is a promising and potentially undervalued project coming out of China. , giving it a market cap of around $175–200 million (if you include all possible future coins in circulation) recent activity has pushed MAN into the $0.90 — $1.20 range. Matrix AI Network (MAN) MAN has a price of around $0.70–0.80, with a maximum supply of 250,000,000 coins edit: like Matrix AI Network? Does Bitcoin Genius Matrix will integrate AI with Blockchain to allow users with a low level of programming ability to create smart contracts that are tested using AI to ensure they don’t contain bugs or loopholes. It also uses a form of mining that solves mathematical problems applicable to the real world — as opposed to problems that merely demonstrate some computer power has been used to solve them. There are a variety of other benefits being touted such as faster transaction time, scalability, less susceptible to malicious attacks, and flexibility (through the use of adaptive optimization). For a more in depth understanding I would recommend digging into their comprehensive and . Business White Paper Technical White Paper https://twitter.com/matrixchain MATRIX Partnerships and Investors The most exciting partnership for MAN is their connection with the : Chinese Government One Belt One Road Initiative MATRIX’s head of business ecology/partnerships is Executive Projects Expert for the state-owned Belt and Road Research and Development Center. MATRIX are the exclusive blockchain partner and the exclusive AI partner for the center and all blockchain related Belt and Road contracts and projects via the center go to MATRIX. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Belt_One_Road_Initiative Although the connection between MAN and the OBOR initiative is Page and quite a few news articles, there is nothing concrete I could find other than that apparently shows the MATRIX team meeting with government officials. However, I find it unlikely for such a claim to be made and then not refuted by the Chinese Government if it was not true. mentioned on the MAN Reddit this article in Chinese The , a state controlled organisation. Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence Torque Capital Partners (see below). Hyperledger. https://www.slideshare.net/SMatthewEnglish/introduction-to-hyperledger Beijing Cancer Hospital, another government organization. Cybernaut, with over 200BN CNY in managed assets. an investment group goes into a great deal of depth regarding the merits of the project. Please note the ICO has already taken place. I also found useful as a relatively detailed overview of the project. This article about the ICO in January this compiled research Matrix (MAN) is only at the moment. This exchange is a little more difficult to use and get set up on than some of the other larger exchanges. However, I would consider this a benefit as it is likely to put many potential buyers off, meaning when it is finally released on a larger exchange such as Binance the upside should be greater. available on iDEX . Do your own research before making any investments. I have buy orders in place for when MAN drops to $0.90 but am not affiliated in any way with the project. This is not investment advice http://www.cpchain.io/ CPChain ( ) is a new distributed infrastructure for next generation Internet of Things (IoT). CPChain intends to build a fundamental data platform for IoT system in combination with distributed storage, encryption computation and blockchain technologies, providing the whole process solution from data acquisition, storage, sharing to application. CPC http://www.cpchain.io/index.html#project Nice Moon Why Coin? CPChain has a current price of around $0.23, . This gives a current market cap of around $52 million (if you only include the circulating coins) to $230 million (if you include all future coins in circulation). a circulating supply of 230 Million coins and total supply of 1 Billion coins http://www.cpchain.io/CPChain_Whitepaper_English.pdf Whilst many projects out there are looking to extract value through use of IoT (internet of things), CPC has partnerships that make me believe they are likely to be successful in taking a share of this market. CPChain have . Qtum Foundation, Vechain Foundation, Metaverse Foundation, Chainfund and HPB as investors http://sl.vc/posts/4760 QTUM is a Chinese Blockchain company that focuses on providing an improved execution of smart contracts and services that bridge the gap between blockchains and the business world. QTUM themselves have an impressive array of investors and the . I also believe QTUM could be a great project to watch, although I haven’t included it in detail here because I want to focus on smaller cap projects. QTUM coin is ranked 20 in total market cap at just shy of $2 billion Angel Backers of QTUM https://qtum.org/en/learn-more-about-qtum is a VC firm specialising in partnering with Blockchain projects of the future. You can find , along with details of the CPChain team. Torque Capital Partners details of the Torque partnership here As part of your own research you might want to dive into the following links (below) related to partnerships, or dive into . this article from HackerNoon CPChain is currently available on and . iDEX Bibox Just a reminder, . Do your own research before making any investments. I own some CPChain but am not affiliated in any way with the project. The Bibox link above is a referral link. this is not investment advice https://www.thekey.vip/ THEKEY (TKY) is another great project flying under the radar. With a (or much lower if you only count the coins in circulation). current market price of between about $0.027-$0.04 and a maximum future supply of 10 billion coins, giving a market cap in the $270–350 million range THEKEY will partner with the end user (citizens), Government, Social Insurance providers (also the government), Banks, and Healthcare Insurance Providers to use the Blockchain and biometric data to track individuals’ data from disparate sources and confirm their identity. THEKEY is a decentralized ecosystem of an identity verification tool using national big-data and blockchain. The Project Team is now developing an identification verification (IDV) tool with blockchain…by using Personally Identifiable Information (PII) which is exclusively authorized by government authorities. The video below (in Chinese) gives the general idea (it’s only 1 minute long). https://www.thekey.vip/ gives a fantastic overview of how TKY would work to streamline hospital processes through the pilot program in Jiaxing, China. If you’ve ever received hospital treatment in China you will be well aware of the significant efficiency gains to be made from just this application. This article from Cryptocoin Great Ambition Requires Great Partners THEKEY with with a $39.1 Billion market cap. recently announced a partnership China Unicom, a giant state-owned telecommunications operator Price in article quoted in HKD https://medium.com/@thekeyvip/thekey-reached-cooperation-on-research-of-security-supervision-mechanism-of-social-security-data-3e58b366171 In China it is necessary to present an ID Card/Passport in order to activate a sim card, so phones are essentially already acting as identity tracking devices. Following the announcement on February 14th, TKY jumped from around $0.027 to a peak of $0.04, before meandering back down to around $0.026–0.028. Almost as though nothing had happened! https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/thekey/ TKY also announced partnerships with China Social Insurance Association (CSIA) and , during which they signed the Cooperation Agreement for the snappily named . The Party Committee Secretary (the highest role) of Tsinghua Unigroup is the son of the former Chinese President Hu Jintao. Tsinghua Unigroup Research of Security Supervision Mechanism of Social Security Data Socialization (ChinaRe), a $75 Billion Insurance company: China Life Reinsurance Company http://asia.cointime.com/blockchain/10421.html , . , other investments include Omisego, Chain Link, CPChain, and Matrix AI Network. Rexford Ventures, a Venture Capital firm focusing on Blockchain technology also announced their investment a few days ago According to their website The CEO of TKY is Catherine Li, who was voted in 2017 by the , as well as one of the . The Most Outstanding Women Entrepreneur in China All-China Women’s Federation Top 10 Influential Chinese Women of the Year https://www.thekey.vip/ also gives a good analysis of the TKY project and partnerships. The also gives a succinct overview of relevant details. For a more in depth look you might want to consider and . This article Wiki on TKY downloading the whitepaper reading the FAQs The Key (TKY) is . Again, when a coin has not yet been listed on a major exchange like Binance this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Most projects with any substance should eventually migrate to Binance, at which point you . currently only available on KuCoin can expect a healthy price spike . Do your own research before making any investments. I hold some TKY but am not affiliated in any way with the project. This is not investment advice If you thirst for more in depth speculation about the future of Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies then follow me on Medium ( ) and Twitter ( ). Bare Shylls https://twitter.com/BareShylls examines why Trinity Network Credit ($TNC) is crucial to the development of the NEO ecosystem, as well as discussing price and market share predictions for EOY 2018 and beyond. Part 4 I am always discovering and researching new information about projects I’ve invested in, which I update via Twitter — Such as the recent interview with CEO of TKY and new exchange release rumors for the MAN token. If you enjoyed this article then hold the claps button below until it reaches 50 and share the article on Social Media. Have any other questions? Find a mistake? Disagree with something I’ve written? Write it in the comments and I will get back to you.

China On The Blockchain, Part 3: A Clash Of Coins

A project I’m working on at is starting to grow rather large. I spent a good deal of effort yesterday getting a five line change added to our (which is run as part of our CI and CD pipeline on every pull request and merge). After the PR was merged, I gloated to others how awesome my team's project was. Here are the five lines: Python Enigma Makefile lint: pylint --rcfile=.pylintrc api -f parseable -r n && \ mypy --silent-imports api && \ pycodestyle api --max-line-length=120 && \ pydocstyle api For completeness sake, here is the target that actually gets run as part of CI tests: test test: install lint python3 setup.py test --addopts="--cov=api" coverage xml -i -o coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml --omit=$(VIRTUAL_ENV)/*,.eggs/* (So, for those not versed in “Makefile-ese”, the target won't run successfully if the target doesn't do so first). test lint Why was I happy enough to be a jerk to other engineers and brag about those five lines? It all comes down to . complexity As Python projects grow, maintenance becomes a nightmare (I’m more referring to enterprise-sized projects rather than “large” personal projects, but the same idea holds). becomes disorganized, messy, reflects the style of the author (even for teams doing a decent job enforcing and , and docstrings fall by the wayside. It takes new developers longer and longer to ramp up on the project. Simple fixes and feature changes become not so simple when it comes time to actually make them. All of these are due to the necessary increase in complexity as a project grows. So how to we reduce that complexity as much as possible? Code PEP-8 PEP-257 No Panacea Obviously, there’s no one answer here, but there’s a set of actions you can take which requires low overhead and pays huge dividends: right now Make code “linters” part of your build process. If of them report issues, fail your build. any any So what is a code “linter”? static analysis Static analysis but not executed_, so there are no external dependencies and running a linter will never harm your environment. You can think of them as a poor-man’s AI code reviewer._ A code “linter” is a tool that performs on your code and reports coding style violations, possible design flaws, outright bugs, and code patterns known to be dangerous. means that your code is analyzed Linters have various output formats and modes they can be run in (and vary in complexity and usefulness). Here’s example output from , one of the most popular Python linters: pylint ************* Module sandman2.appC:117, 0: Line too long (81/80) (line-too-long)C:163, 0: Line too long (88/80) (line-too-long)C: 24, 0: Invalid constant name "auth" (invalid-name)R: 27, 0: Too many arguments (6/5) (too-many-arguments)************* Module sandman2.decoratorsW: 42,24: Duplicate key 'status' in dictionary (duplicate-key)************* Module sandman2.modelC: 49, 0: Line too long (89/80) (line-too-long)C: 50, 0: Line too long (113/80) (line-too-long)C:141, 0: Invalid constant name "DeclarativeModel" (invalid-name)C: 10, 0: Imports from package sqlalchemy are not grouped (ungrouped-imports)************* Module sandman2.serviceC: 98, 0: Trailing whitespace (trailing-whitespace)C:208, 0: Line too long (87/80) (line-too-long)C:215, 0: Line too long (93/80) (line-too-long)C:224, 0: Line too long (82/80) (line-too-long)R:231, 4: Method could be a function (no-self-use)************* Module sandman2.scripts.sandman2ctlC: 40, 0: Line too long (98/80) (line-too-long) Report======364 statements analysed. Statistics by type------------------ +---------+-------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------+|type     |number |old number |difference |%documented |%badname |+= = = == =+|module   |9      |9          |=          |100.00      |0.00     |+---------+-------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------+|class    |12     |12         |=          |100.00      |0.00     |+---------+-------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------+|method   |21     |21         |=          |100.00      |0.00     |+---------+-------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------+|function |18     |18         |=          |100.00      |0.00     |+---------+-------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------+ =+ + + + + External dependencies---------------------:: flask (sandman2.app,sandman2.decorators,sandman2.service)\-views (sandman2.service)flask_sqlalchemy (sandman2.model)sandman2 (sandman2.scripts.sandman2ctl)\-admin (sandman2.app)\-app (sandman2)\-decorators (sandman2.service)\-exception (sandman2.app,sandman2.decorators,sandman2.service)\-model (sandman2.app,sandman2.service)\-service (sandman2.app)sqlalchemy\-ext| \-automap (sandman2.model)| \-declarative (sandman2.model)\-inspection (sandman2.model)\-sql\-sqltypes (sandman2.app) Raw metrics----------- +----------+-------+------+---------+-----------+|type      |number |%     |previous |difference |+ = =====+|code      |459    |54.38 |459      |=          |+----------+-------+------+---------+-----------+|docstring |243    |28.79 |243      |=          |+----------+-------+------+---------+-----------+|comment   |20     |2.37  |22       |-2.00      |+----------+-------+------+---------+-----------+|empty     |122    |14.45 |118      |+4.00      |+----------+-------+------+---------+-----------+ =+ + + + Duplication----------- +-------------------------+------+---------+-----------+|                         |now   |previous |difference |+= =+|nb duplicated lines      |0     |0        |=          |+-------------------------+------+---------+-----------+|percent duplicated lines |0.000 |0.000    |=          |+-------------------------+------+---------+-----------+ =+ + + Messages by category-------------------- +-----------+-------+---------+-----------+|type       |number |previous |difference |+= = =======+|convention |12     |13       |-1.00      |+-----------+-------+---------+-----------+|refactor   |2      |2        |=          |+-----------+-------+---------+-----------+|warning    |1      |3        |-2.00      |+-----------+-------+---------+-----------+|error      |0      |0        |=          |+-----------+-------+---------+-----------+ =+ + + % errors / warnings by module----------------------------- +-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+|module                       |error |warning |refactor |convention |+= =====+|sandman2.decorators          |0.00  |100.00  |0.00     |0.00       |+-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+|sandman2.service             |0.00  |0.00    |50.00    |33.33      |+-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+|sandman2.app                 |0.00  |0.00    |50.00    |25.00      |+-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+|sandman2.model               |0.00  |0.00    |0.00     |33.33      |+-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+|sandman2.scripts.sandman2ctl |0.00  |0.00    |0.00     |8.33       |+-----------------------------+------+--------+---------+-----------+ =+ + + + Messages-------- +--------------------+------------+|message id          |occurrences |+======== +|line-too-long       |8           |+--------------------+------------+|invalid-name        |2           |+--------------------+------------+|ungrouped-imports   |1           |+--------------------+------------+|trailing-whitespace |1           |+--------------------+------------+|too-many-arguments  |1           |+--------------------+------------+|no-self-use         |1           |+--------------------+------------+|duplicate-key       |1           |+--------------------+------------+ + Global evaluation-----------------Your code has been rated at 9.59/10 (previous run: 9.50/10, +0.08) Of course, this is verbose, and is definitely the most comprehensive output of any of the linters I’ve used, but it gives a good sense of what they look for and what they’re capable of. provides a helpful (if arbitrary) "score" at the end of the output which is saved between runs, so you know if your code is getting better or worse by standards. super [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) somewhat pylint So How Does This Relate To Continuous Integration? In their most basic mode, most linters will print out all violations to . That means, if everything went perfectly, the command just runs to success with no output. If you take a look at my change at the top of the article, that's why we can chain together calls to successive linters and the first one to report a violation will abort the entire set of commands. STDOUT and return a non-zero exit code if any violations were encountered Makefile By hooking this up to your CI platform, Someone doesn’t follow PEP-8? Build fails. Sorry, your PR can’t be merged. Didn’t write a docstring for that package/module/class/function? Sorry, build failed. Wrote a function that takes 14 arguments and named it ? You guessed it... you can enforce good style, catch bugs, and actually require proper documentation for everything (and I do mean ) at build time. everything foo Build failed. This is huge for a number of reasons: Everyone responsible for doing code reviews doesn’t even have to at the PR until the build is passing. You actually have to follow all the rules before anyone will read your code. look Linters are capable of catching without ever executing your code. It’s like another (very small) layer of testing actual bugs New developers and code reviewers can open any file in your project is all identical to any other file they might open. The benefit of this can not be overstated. and the layout, naming conventions, documentation, and everything else I’m Convinced! Let’s Lint This Puppy! Python (like most languages) has a number of linters available, all of which do similar (but not necessarily exactly the same) things. To confuse matters, everyone thinks it’s a great idea every once in a while to write a tool that just packages all the linters that are currently en vogue and fires all of them at your code like a fire hose. But this happens every few years, so you get meta-linters made of meta-linters, until who knows what tool is actually looking at your code (and if it’s still maintained). So I’m going to be “that guy” and just tell you what linters you should run. The following list was chosen very carefully, but I’ll get into linter holy wars in the comments if anyone is game. The linters you should use are: [pylint](http://www.pylint.org/) [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle) [pydocstyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pydocstyle) And that’s it. I’ll briefly cover each one below. pylint has been around forever and is almost certainly the most comprehensive Python linter available. Some complain that it's too picky or too verbose, but that's what config files are for! One of the lesser-known (awesome) features of is the file, which will even if you run pylint pylint .pylintrc pylint create a skeleton with sane defaults for you $ pylint --generate-rcfile I still marvel that more CLI tools do this. It’s simply awesome. don’t You can greatly reduce 's verbosity by running with the flag to suppress that giant report. pylint -r n pycodestyle and pydocstyle Both of these linters used to have different names: the former was called and the latter (after the PEPs they check conformance against). In a , GvR himself asked them to kindly change the names of the tools to avoid people hating on just because the tool of the same name was bugging them. Regardless, these tools are comprehensive and easy to get started with. Just them and then run and find out everything you've been doing wrong all this time! pep8 pep257 somewhat hilarious GitHub issue PEP-8 pip install $ pycodestyle <some-module-or-package-or-file> As one might expect, handles (the official Style Guide for Python Code) conformance while handles (the official Docstring Conventions for Python). The latter is awesomely strict. When and if you get your project to pass it without error (took me a day on the project in question) you'll never have to worry about someone forgetting to write a docstring (or forgetting to write a docstring) again. It even checks for proper capitalization, punctuation, and prescriptive vs. descriptive comments. I am in love with its pedantry. pycodestyle PEP-8 pydocstyle PEP-257 how Automate All The Things In all seriousness, is a startup. We have limited resources. If we want to keep a large project sane, the only way to do that is through automation (because we’re too busy building with public data). I would go so far as to argue that, between our testing suite (unit tests and E2E browser tests), continuous integration pipeline (Jenkins + GitHub + Codecov + a lot of homegrown glue), our continuous deployment pipeline (10% Jenkins/GitHub, 90% Ansible), and tools like the linters mentioned above, Enigma awesome stuff we are saving the cost of two full-time engineers to manage our development and deployment processes while making our code base more readable, more testable, and more maintainable. All of that from a couple of automated tools you can install in the next five minutes… What are you waiting for!? Posted on Dec 09, 2016 by Jeff Knupp Originally published at jeffknupp.com on December 9, 2016.

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