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Unsplash

unsplash

Introduction I often want to add visually interesting elements to my projects and struggle with content. Let’s say you have a subpage that shows all the posts/any other information related to a city. It would be great to have a photo of said city in the header, wouldn’t it? You may think that the way to go is to generate something with AI. It may work, but there are many issues with this approach. There are great free stock photo sites like Pexels or Unsplash. But how to find the right picture? I stumbled upon this problem while working on one of my side projects. It turns out Unsplash has a great API. In Python, we need to call it manually but there are client packages for JS, Ruby, PHP, mobile, etc. Unsplash API The API basically allows you to find photos matching your search query. A few caveats: Make sure you use direct links from Unsplash. Downloading and re-hosting images is not allowed.


You must attribute Unsplash and the author.


The API is rate limited to 50 requests per hour for unverified apps, 5k after approval and more if you need it. More on usage guidelines: Unsplash. Getting started (in-depth guide): Sign up for an account: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications


Go to your apps: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications


Create a “New application.”


Go to your app and save Access key; we’ll need it in the following steps Fetching an Image Have a look at this sample function; you can adapt it to your needs. import requests
import os

# Load Unsplash API key from environment variables
UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY = os.getenv('UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY')

def fetch_image_info(query):
    url = "<https://api.unsplash.com/search/photos>"
    params = {
        "query": query,
        "client_id": UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY,
        "per_page": 1,
        "orientation": "landscape",
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        if data['results']:
            return data['results'][0]
    elif response.status_code == 403:
		    raise ConnectionError("Rate limited or not authorized")

    return None When you call this function for a “New York” query, you should receive an object like that: {
   "id": "string",
   "slug": "string",
   "created_at": "string",
   "width": "integer",
   "height": "integer",
   "color": "string",
   "blur_hash": "string",
   "alt_description": "string",
   "breadcrumbs": "array",
   "urls": "object",
   "links": "object",
   "likes": "integer",
   "user": "object",
   "tags": "array",
   "...": "..."
} You should pay attention to three of them really. First, urls - this is what you will use in your app. "urls": {
    "raw": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3>",
    "full": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=srgb&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=85>",
    "regular": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=1080>",
    "small": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=400>",
    "thumb": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=200>",
    "small_s3": "<https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images.unsplash.com/small/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9>",
 }, Second, user - you will use this info for proper attribution, namely: user.name : Author name


user.links.html : Link to their profile, you must use. Make sure to append utm_source=your_app_name&utm_medium=referral to it, per guidelines. Third, alt_description , make sure to add it to your final IMG tags for accessibility and SEO. This piece of code is really everything you need to get going. With one caveat. Watching for Rate Limit When you’re in initial demo mode, you will only have 50 requests per hour. When trying to fetch more images, hitting rate limit is a given. What to do? Simply wait for a bit if the function above throws ConnectionError. I wait for around 70 seconds. Also mind that if no results are found, you will receive None. In this case, I am using a simplified query (country instead of city). Once the website is online, you can request higher quota in the dashboard. Summary We've covered how to use Python and the Unsplash API to automatically fetch photos for your apps and websites. I hope you’ll build something cool with it. Send your projects my way in the comments or on Twitter. Subscribe to my profile by filling in your email address on the left, and be up-to-date with my articles! I will soon be releasing a crazy interesting project that uses this solution! Don't forget to follow me on Twitter @horosin, and subscribe to my blog’s newsletter for more tips and insights! Introduction I often want to add visually interesting elements to my projects and struggle with content. Let’s say you have a subpage that shows all the posts/any other information related to a city. It would be great to have a photo of said city in the header, wouldn’t it? You may think that the way to go is to generate something with AI. It may work, but there are many issues with this approach. There are great free stock photo sites like Pexels or Unsplash. But how to find the right picture? I stumbled upon this problem while working on one of my side projects. It turns out Unsplash has a great API. In Python, we need to call it manually but there are client packages for JS, Ruby, PHP, mobile, etc. Unsplash API The API basically allows you to find photos matching your search query. A few caveats: Make sure you use direct links from Unsplash. Downloading and re-hosting images is not allowed. You must attribute Unsplash and the author. The API is rate limited to 50 requests per hour for unverified apps, 5k after approval and more if you need it. Make sure you use direct links from Unsplash. Downloading and re-hosting images is not allowed. Make sure you use direct links from Unsplash. Downloading and re-hosting images is not allowed. You must attribute Unsplash and the author. You must attribute Unsplash and the author. The API is rate limited to 50 requests per hour for unverified apps, 5k after approval and more if you need it. The API is rate limited to 50 requests per hour for unverified apps, 5k after approval and more if you need it. More on usage guidelines: Unsplash . Unsplash Getting started ( in-depth guide ): in-depth guide Sign up for an account: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Go to your apps: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Create a “New application.” Go to your app and save Access key; we’ll need it in the following steps Sign up for an account: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Sign up for an account: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Go to your apps: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Go to your apps: https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications https://unsplash.com/oauth/applications Create a “New application.” Create a “New application.” Go to your app and save Access key; we’ll need it in the following steps Go to your app and save Access key; we’ll need it in the following steps Fetching an Image Have a look at this sample function; you can adapt it to your needs. import requests
import os

# Load Unsplash API key from environment variables
UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY = os.getenv('UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY')

def fetch_image_info(query):
    url = "<https://api.unsplash.com/search/photos>"
    params = {
        "query": query,
        "client_id": UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY,
        "per_page": 1,
        "orientation": "landscape",
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        if data['results']:
            return data['results'][0]
    elif response.status_code == 403:
		    raise ConnectionError("Rate limited or not authorized")

    return None import requests
import os

# Load Unsplash API key from environment variables
UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY = os.getenv('UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY')

def fetch_image_info(query):
    url = "<https://api.unsplash.com/search/photos>"
    params = {
        "query": query,
        "client_id": UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY,
        "per_page": 1,
        "orientation": "landscape",
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        if data['results']:
            return data['results'][0]
    elif response.status_code == 403:
		    raise ConnectionError("Rate limited or not authorized")

    return None When you call this function for a “New York” query, you should receive an object like that: {
   "id": "string",
   "slug": "string",
   "created_at": "string",
   "width": "integer",
   "height": "integer",
   "color": "string",
   "blur_hash": "string",
   "alt_description": "string",
   "breadcrumbs": "array",
   "urls": "object",
   "links": "object",
   "likes": "integer",
   "user": "object",
   "tags": "array",
   "...": "..."
} {
   "id": "string",
   "slug": "string",
   "created_at": "string",
   "width": "integer",
   "height": "integer",
   "color": "string",
   "blur_hash": "string",
   "alt_description": "string",
   "breadcrumbs": "array",
   "urls": "object",
   "links": "object",
   "likes": "integer",
   "user": "object",
   "tags": "array",
   "...": "..."
} You should pay attention to three of them really. First, urls - this is what you will use in your app. urls "urls": {
    "raw": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3>",
    "full": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=srgb&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=85>",
    "regular": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=1080>",
    "small": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=400>",
    "thumb": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=200>",
    "small_s3": "<https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images.unsplash.com/small/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9>",
 }, "urls": {
    "raw": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3>",
    "full": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=srgb&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=85>",
    "regular": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=1080>",
    "small": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=400>",
    "thumb": "<https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9?crop=entropy&cs=tinysrgb&fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3w2MjA1MzR8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxOZXclMjBZb3JrfGVufDB8MHx8fDE3MjA5MDAxMTd8MA&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=80&w=200>",
    "small_s3": "<https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images.unsplash.com/small/photo-1496442226666-8d4d0e62e6e9>",
 }, Second, user - you will use this info for proper attribution, namely: user user.name : Author name user.links.html : Link to their profile, you must use. Make sure to append utm_source=your_app_name&utm_medium=referral to it, per guidelines. user.name : Author name user.name : Author name user.name user.links.html : Link to their profile, you must use. Make sure to append utm_source=your_app_name&utm_medium=referral to it, per guidelines. user.links.html : Link to their profile, you must use. Make sure to append utm_source=your_app_name&utm_medium=referral to it, per guidelines. user.links.html utm_source=your_app_name&utm_medium=referral Third, alt_description , make sure to add it to your final IMG tags for accessibility and SEO. alt_description This piece of code is really everything you need to get going. With one caveat. Watching for Rate Limit When you’re in initial demo mode, you will only have 50 requests per hour. When trying to fetch more images, hitting rate limit is a given. What to do? Simply wait for a bit if the function above throws ConnectionError. I wait for around 70 seconds. Also mind that if no results are found, you will receive None. In this case, I am using a simplified query (country instead of city). Once the website is online, you can request higher quota in the dashboard. Summary We've covered how to use Python and the Unsplash API to automatically fetch photos for your apps and websites. I hope you’ll build something cool with it. Send your projects my way in the comments or on Twitter. Subscribe to my profile by filling in your email address on the left, and be up-to-date with my articles! I will soon be releasing a crazy interesting project that uses this solution! Don't forget to follow me on Twitter @horosin , and subscribe to my blog’s newsletter for more tips and insights! @horosin newsletter

How to Programatically Get Photos Matching Content in Your Apps With Python and Unsplash API

1.4+ million freely usable photos now available in your Hacker Noon editor Unsplash started as a side project. Hacker Noon started as a side project. Unsplash was first funded by the revenue of the soon to be previous business (Crew). Hacker Noon was first funded by the revenue of the soon to be previous business (ArtMap Inc.).  Results - and not intentions - are what makes the world go round. Both companies saw early results, and identified them as an opportunity greater than their existing business. Both companies had the perseverance to run with it. I’m very excited to work with a game changer in the photo distribution space, Unsplash. With this API integration, we are giving our 10k+ contributing writers access to 1.4M+ quality freely usable images within the Hacker Noon editor. The Unsplash library is leveling up the blogging experience on Hacker Noon. To try it out, , start , click on the Unplash logo within the flyout menu and search whatever your curious heart desires. create an account writing a new story Unsplash is now the most visited site in the world. Hacker Noon is now the most visited site in the world. So yeah, they’re a good bit more well known, but we’re headed in the right direction. Since we , we’ve moved up 2,200+ spots, ahead of sites I read and respect tremendously, such as , , , and . 308th 3,048th removed our Medium content management system and replaced it with our own ProductHunt Futurism Dev.to Coindesk To date, thousands of Unsplash photos have already appeared on Hacker Noon stories. This integration builds on existing behaviors to better the workflow for contributing writers. Building a digital product is always a trade off between inventing the wheel, re-inventing the wheel and figuring out a way to plug in an existing solution — all while making the thing feel like just one quality thing. The reality is that the entire internet industry is built atop the keystrokes of nerds. Did the world need another content management system? Who’s to say. No software on the market could do what I wanted the software to do, and more importantly, if it’s not your own software your rate of digital iteration will never reach its potential. With how the internet has evolved, imagery often serves as the story’s second headline. However you slice curation, the accompaniment of quality images serves the distribution of quality words. This integration will save time for our contributing writers, improving the process of finding great imagery to embody their technology stories. P.S. Check out Hacker Noon photos on Unsplash!

📷 📸 Unsplash Integration 📷 📸 

TL;DR We ended the year with our highest quarterly revenue in company history while building some important product integrations (with Google Analytics , Algolia , Unsplash & GUN ), and dark mode . Our Alexa ranking is at 3.5k worldwide, up from a 5.2k ranking before removing Medium, proving the overall success of the move into our own infrastructure. We also had a company wide year end review where 100% of the team answered “yes” to the question “are you happy?” Traffic In 2019, Hacker Noon had 38M total site visitors, an increase of 35% from 2018 year over year. From Nov 2016 through early Dec 2019, Hacker Noon totaled ≈77M visitors. Redacted We closed the year as a top , which is up from worldwide Alexa ranking of 5.2k at the time of from our site. From mid July (launch of our software) through December 2019, we published 4,523 stories, which is an average of 27 stories per day, and our library created . 3.5k site in the world removing the Medium infrastructure 48+ years of time reading Internally, we have promoted from Technology Editor to Managing Editor, and expanded the editorial team with the part-time hiring of top community commenter as Software Editor. Natasha’s voice and data driven approach will be important to scaling our brand voice and rate of publishing. Natasha Nel Arthur Tkachenko Over the course of the year, Hacker Noon stories have been featured in , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and elsewhere around the internet. Forbes ReadWrite VICE Coin tele graph Coindesk The Next Web CSO Tech Startups MarTechSeries TheNews.Asia Real Vail Decrypt Entrepreneur.com Code Opinion NewsBTC Tokenist Network World Robotics Online Silicon Republic Salon ProductHunt Stories GiveBat Reddit Crypto Daily The Block Seeking Alpha JJ’s Javascript Blog Connecticut Post Inverse Sociable Metafilter Inside Blogging JB Supra Crypto Briefing Business.com PR Daily Daily Hodl, Yahoo Yahoo Finance Value Walk Security Boulevard Merca 2.0 Tech Republic CNN CCN Newsmax Windows Club Aithority Packt Wright State University KingsCrowd Wikipedia Everipedia Dice CBS University World News IAB Tech Lab News Click Common Dreams Detailed CryptoNewsZ Tech Story Bitcoinist Interesting Engineering Study International Tech Advocate Blockonomi Hackaday, Singapore Fintech News Torrent Freak SiteJabber Business2Community TechDirt KeenGamer, Popular Mechanics GitHub G2 Jaxenter MarTech Today Irish Times Digital Journal, StackOverflow Blog Thrive Global Thomas ZDnet @Jack @Naval Tech Domains a number of Books Revenue Our 2019 revenue (over ) increased by 73% a year from 2018 year over year. accounted for the majority of our revenue at 55%, even though we could only start serving sponsors mid July after launched. The rest of our yearly revenue was made up of podcast sponsorships at 14% (which ends up breaking-even after expenses), program at 12%, at 6%, at 5%, and events/ /interest/ accounting for 8%. redacted The Top Navigation Billboard sponsorship Hacker Noon 2.0 brand as author newsletter sponsorships The Noonies shirts other In the less than five months of running the brand as author program and newsletter sponsorships, we totaled over 100 paying customers. For 2019 Q4 (pictured below), the ordered revenue by program breakdown was top navigation (64%), brand as author (18%), newsletters (14%), followed by interest and schwag sales for the rest (4%). Redacted Our largest two customers for the year are and . We have a number of six digit sponsorship deals in our pipeline, and will be investing in scaling our sales programs in 2020. In 2019, some of our more notable customers also include , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . Seen by Indeed Heroku by Salesforce Google Cloud Codacy Passbase Stream Kloudless Nodle Polyient Labs Vettery PubNub Mabl Radix LogDNA ByBit SurrveySparrow Snyk Digital Ocean Kin We’ve done a lot of optimization work with our top navigation ad and expect to increase the revenue per day from this. Additionally, we plan to explore sponsorship packages by (i.e. placement by content relevancy) in 2020. tags Product Q4 2019, we integrated with , , , and the . We also . The GUN integration is our first use of blockchain technology in the Hacker Noon publishing platform. Starting in Q1 2020, this open source decentralized database will power our annotations and inline commenting. For the first time, we will be putting some content on the blockchain. With this integration, users browsers can contribute storage and anyone can also run their own “miner” on their computer or a cloud, distributing some of our hosting costs to our readership. Unsplash Algolia Google Analytics GUN blockchain launched dark mode For the full view of our year in product development, please read our CPO Dane Lyons’ . In summary, we now have the initial experience live for our core users: writers, readers, editors, sponsors and admins; and integrated with many great technologies like: Google Cloud, SlateJS, Algolia, Filestack, Unsplash, Google Analytics, Discourse, GUN, Twitter, and more. Product Update 2019-2020 Building a digital product is always a trade-off between inventing the wheel, re-inventing the wheel and figuring out a way to plug in an existing solution — all while making the thing feel like just one quality thing. We're getting there. Very excited to build more this year. We will continue investing heavily in improving and iterating on the core product experience, reading and writing, while also launching more curation tools, such as annotations and collections, to drive account creation and micro contributions. Profit & Loss Redacted Business Development Redacted Outlook and how you can help Redacted

State Of The Noonion Q4 2019: On Dark Mode, Integration With Unsplash and GUN

At , we’re all about building apps faster on blended teams of developers and content editors. In the past, editors using third-party stock photography sites have been encouraged to utilize to save these third-party tools to their Dashboard. Now editors can use the new to find and add stock photography to their media library, all from the comfort of their Bucket Dashboard without having to interface with a third-party website like Unsplash. Cosmic JS Cosmic JS Quick Links Cosmic JS Unsplash Photos Extension TL;DR: Unsplash Photos Extension Unsplash Photos Extension Codebase Unsplash Photos Extension on Product Hunt You can now Search and Add Unsplash Photos to your Bucket, all from your Bucket Dashboard. Simply navigate to the and click to install the . Cosmic JS Cosmic JS Extensions Page Photos Extension Once installed, you will see the “Photos” tab on your left hand navigation bar within your Dashboard. Click the “Photos” tab and start typing in your query to find and add photos to your Media Library for immediate or later use. Cosmic JS I hope that you’ve found this tutorial helpful. If you have questions or comments about Content Editor Features in the system, I’d love to hear about them. You can refer to my for additional content on how to intuitively navigate the Cosmic JS Dashboard. Cosmic JS Cosmic JS Profile

How to Search and Add Unsplash Photos to your Cosmic JS Bucket

GOTO Chaos: Spaghetti Code This article is dedicated to the late Thomas E. Kurtz, one of BASIC's creators, as it was the first programming language I learned. TL;DR: GOTO statements create confusing and unmaintainable code Problems Logic becomes unclear
Debugging gets harder
Flow jumps erratically
Code lacks structure
Maintenance becomes difficult Solutions Use structured programming
Replace with loops
Simplify control flow
Avoid unnecessary jumps Context Spaghetti describes code that is poorly structured and difficult to understand. It often involves deeply nested loops, excessive use of goto statements, and complex control flow. When you overuse GOTO statements, your program becomes a tangled mess of uncontrolled jumps. This was common in the 70s when BASIC encouraged GOTO for flow control. While it can solve simple problems quickly, GOTO leads to spaghetti code that’s nearly impossible to debug or extend. Spaghetti Code << Structured Programming << Object-Oriented Programming << Machine Learnign Programming Sample Code Wrong 0 REM Request a Zero
10 INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
20 IF N = 0 THEN GOTO 50
30 PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 GOTO 10
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END Right 10 DO
20   INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
30   IF N <> 0 THEN PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 LOOP UNTIL N = 0
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END Detection [x]Automatic You can detect this smell by scanning for frequent GOTO usage, especially when they jump between unrelated code sections. Look for logical breaks caused by excessive jumping and ask if structured control flow can replace them. Tags Coupling Level [x]Beginner AI Generation AI generators can include GOTO when mimicking older coding styles. They might use it for simplicity without considering modern best practices. AI Detection You can instruct AI to replace GOTO with loops or structured constructs like IF-ELSE or WHILE. Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Conclusion Overusing GOTO creates chaotic and unmanageable code. Replace it with structured programming techniques to improve readability and maintainability. Relations https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xx-we-have-reached-100 More Info https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC?embedable=true Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Credits: Photo by Sofia Ciravegna on Unsplash “Spaghetti code is a program with its logic tangled like spaghetti. Avoid the tangles, and you simplify your life.” - Martin Fowler https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code GOTO Chaos: Spaghetti Code GOTO Chaos: Spaghetti Code This article is dedicated to the late Thomas E. Kurtz, one of BASIC's creators, as it was the first programming language I learned. This article is dedicated to the late Thomas E. Kurtz, one of BASIC's creators, as it was the first programming language I learned. This article is dedicated to the late Thomas E. Kurtz , one of BASIC 's creators, as it was the first programming language I learned. Thomas E. Kurtz BASIC TL;DR: GOTO statements create confusing and unmaintainable code TL;DR: GOTO statements create confusing and unmaintainable code Problems Logic becomes unclear Debugging gets harder Flow jumps erratically Code lacks structure Maintenance becomes difficult Logic becomes unclear Debugging gets harder Flow jumps erratically Code lacks structure Maintenance becomes difficult Solutions Use structured programming Replace with loops Simplify control flow Avoid unnecessary jumps Use structured programming Replace with loops Simplify control flow Avoid unnecessary jumps jumps Context Spaghetti describes code that is poorly structured and difficult to understand. It often involves deeply nested loops, excessive use of goto statements, and complex control flow. When you overuse GOTO statements, your program becomes a tangled mess of uncontrolled jumps. This was common in the 70s when BASIC encouraged GOTO for flow control. While it can solve simple problems quickly, GOTO leads to spaghetti code that’s nearly impossible to debug or extend. BASIC GOTO GOTO Spaghetti Code << Structured Programming << Object-Oriented Programming << Machine Learnign Programming Spaghetti Code << Structured Programming << Object-Oriented Programming << Machine Learnign Programming Sample Code Wrong 0 REM Request a Zero
10 INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
20 IF N = 0 THEN GOTO 50
30 PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 GOTO 10
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END 0 REM Request a Zero
10 INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
20 IF N = 0 THEN GOTO 50
30 PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 GOTO 10
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END Right 10 DO
20   INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
30   IF N <> 0 THEN PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 LOOP UNTIL N = 0
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END 10 DO
20   INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
30   IF N <> 0 THEN PRINT "Number is non-zero"
40 LOOP UNTIL N = 0
50 PRINT "Goodbye"
60 END Detection [x]Automatic [x] Automatic [x] You can detect this smell by scanning for frequent GOTO usage, especially when they jump between unrelated code sections. GOTO Look for logical breaks caused by excessive jumping and ask if structured control flow can replace them. Tags Coupling Coupling Level [x]Beginner [x] Beginner [x] AI Generation AI generators can include GOTO when mimicking older coding styles. GOTO They might use it for simplicity without considering modern best practices. AI Detection You can instruct AI to replace GOTO with loops or structured constructs like IF-ELSE or WHILE . GOTO IF-ELSE WHILE Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions ChatGPT

ChatGPT Claude

Claude Perplexity

Perplexity Copilot

Copilot Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions Without Proper Instructions Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions With Specific Instructions ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Conclusion Overusing GOTO creates chaotic and unmanageable code. GOTO Replace it with structured programming techniques to improve readability and maintainability. Relations https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xx-we-have-reached-100 https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xx-we-have-reached-100 More Info https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC?embedable=true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC?embedable=true Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion . opinion Credits: Photo by Sofia Ciravegna on Unsplash Credits: Photo by Sofia Ciravegna on Unsplash Sofia Ciravegna Unsplash “Spaghetti code is a program with its logic tangled like spaghetti. Avoid the tangles, and you simplify your life.” - Martin Fowler “Spaghetti code is a program with its logic tangled like spaghetti. Avoid the tangles, and you simplify your life.” - Martin Fowler Martin Fowler https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code

Code Smell 280 - Spaghetti Code

Over-optimized loops hurt the eyes TL;DR: Don't optimize loops without a clear need and concrete real-world evidence Problems Premature Optimization
Reduced readability
Increased complexity
Difficult to maintain
Slower debugging Solutions Keep it simple
Prioritize clarity
Avoid premature tweaks
Refactor when needed Context You might think optimizing every loop will improve performance, but this approach backfires when you sacrifice clarity for unproven gains. Writing complex code to avoid hypothetical slowdowns often makes it hard for others (and your future self) to understand or debug your code. It would be best if you prioritized readability. Keep loops simple and only optimize when you know a bottleneck exists in real usage scenarios. Sample Code Wrong # Over-optimized and less readable
result = [item.process() for item in items if item.is_valid()] Right # Clearer and easier to understand
result = []
for item in items:
    if item.is_valid():
        result.append(item.process()) Detection [x]Semi-Automatic Look for list comprehensions or complex loop structures that optimize performance without real performance benchmark evidence. Exceptions Concrete evidence on mission-critical algorithms Tags Premature Optimization Level [x]Intermediate AI Generation AI tools often prioritize functional correctness so that they might produce clean, simple loops. if you prompt AI for performance at all costs, it could create over-optimized code even for straightforward tasks. AI Detection With proper instructions to stress readability and maintainability, AI can detect and fix this smell by simplifying loops and choosing clarity over premature optimization. Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Conclusion Don’t sacrifice readability by optimizing too early. You can optimize later if a loop becomes a proven bottleneck. Until then, clear and simple code will save time, reduce bugs, and make it more maintainable. Related Reading https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xxvi https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-ii-o96s3wl4 Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Credit(s): Photo by Tine Ivanič on Unsplash More computing sins are committed in the name of efficiency without necessarily achieving it than for any other single reason. W. A. Wulf https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code Over-optimized loops hurt the eyes Over-optimized loops hurt the eyes TL;DR: Don't optimize loops without a clear need and concrete real-world evidence TL;DR: Don't optimize loops without a clear need and concrete real-world evidence Problems Premature Optimization Reduced readability Increased complexity Difficult to maintain Slower debugging Premature Optimization Premature Optimization Reduced readability Increased complexity Difficult to maintain Slower debugging Solutions Keep it simple Prioritize clarity Avoid premature tweaks Refactor when needed Keep it simple Prioritize clarity Avoid premature tweaks Refactor when needed Context You might think optimizing every loop will improve performance, but this approach backfires when you sacrifice clarity for unproven gains. Writing complex code to avoid hypothetical slowdowns often makes it hard for others (and your future self) to understand or debug your code. It would be best if you prioritized readability. Keep loops simple and only optimize when you know a bottleneck exists in real usage scenarios. hypothetical real usage Sample Code Wrong # Over-optimized and less readable
result = [item.process() for item in items if item.is_valid()] # Over-optimized and less readable
result = [item.process() for item in items if item.is_valid()] Right # Clearer and easier to understand
result = []
for item in items:
    if item.is_valid():
        result.append(item.process()) # Clearer and easier to understand
result = []
for item in items:
    if item.is_valid():
        result.append(item.process()) Detection [x]Semi-Automatic [x] Semi-Automatic [x] Look for list comprehensions or complex loop structures that optimize performance without real performance benchmark evidence. Exceptions Concrete evidence on mission-critical algorithms Concrete evidence on mission-critical algorithms Tags Premature Optimization Premature Optimization Level [x]Intermediate [x] Intermediate [x] AI Generation AI tools often prioritize functional correctness so that they might produce clean, simple loops. if you prompt AI for performance at all costs, it could create over-optimized code even for straightforward tasks. AI Detection With proper instructions to stress readability and maintainability, AI can detect and fix this smell by simplifying loops and choosing clarity over premature optimization. Try Them! Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions ChatGPT

ChatGPT Claude

Claude Perplexity

Perplexity Copilot

Copilot Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions Without Proper Instructions Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions With Specific Instructions ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Conclusion Don’t sacrifice readability by optimizing too early. You can optimize later if a loop becomes a proven bottleneck. Until then, clear and simple code will save time, reduce bugs, and make it more maintainable. Related Reading https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-iv-7sc3w8n https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xxvi https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-xxvi https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-ii-o96s3wl4 https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-ii-o96s3wl4 Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion . opinion Credit(s): Photo by Tine Ivanič on Unsplash Credit(s): Photo by Tine Ivanič on Unsplash Tine Ivanič Unsplash More computing sins are committed in the name of efficiency without necessarily achieving it than for any other single reason. More computing sins are committed in the name of efficiency without necessarily achieving it than for any other single reason. W. A. Wulf W. A. Wulf https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code

Code Smell 279 - Loop Premature Optimization

Avoid Ambiguous Naming for Path Variables Problems Unclear variable purpose
Bijection Fault
Misleading context
Repetitive code
Harder maintenance
Reduced readability
Abbreviations
Increased cognitive load Solutions Honor the Bijection
Use precise names
Avoid ambiguity
Keep context clear
Extract reusable code
Follow naming conventions
Reify names with their rules Context When handling a single fileName or directoryPath, vague names like file or dirName create confusion. A file should represent a File
A fileName should represent the name of a file
fileContents should represent the content of a file
A fileHandler should represent a pointer to an external resource
dirName should be directoryPath Clear names like fileName for names and directoryPath for directories communicate each variable’s role. When you name a variable file, it can confuse others about its purpose. Does it store a file object or just the filename? When you name a variable dirName instead of directoryName it leads to ambiguity. Clear and descriptive variable names improve code readability and maintainability, especially in collaborative environments. Sample Code Wrong function importBoardGameScores(file) {
  if (file) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryScores(dirName) {
  // 'dir' is an abbreviation
  const files = fs.readdirSync(dirName);
  files.forEach(file => {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(`${dirName}/${file}`, 'utf-8');
    // Process each file's board game scores...
  });
  }
} Right function importBoardGameScores(fileName) {
  if (fileName) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(fileName, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryBoardGamesScores(directoryPath) {
    const fileNames = fs.readdirSync(directoryPath);
    // Note the variable holding filenames 
    // and not files
  
   fileNames.forEach(filename => {
        const fullPath = path.join(directoryPath, filename);
        const scores = importBoardGameScores(fullPath);
        allScores.push(scores);
   });
       
   return allScores.flat();
  
  
// You can also reify the concept of a filename
// And avoid repeating the rules everywhere
  
class Filename {
    value;
    
    constructor(value) {
        this.validateFilename(value);
        this.value = value;
    }

    validateFilename(value) {      
        const invalidCharacters = /[<>:"/\\|?*\x00-\x1F]/g;
        if (invalidCharacters.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename contains invalid characters');
        }

        if (/^[. ]+$/.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename cannot consist only of dots or spaces');
        }

        if (value.length > 255) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename is too long');
        }
    }

    toString() {
        return this.value;
    }

    get value() {
        return this.value;
    }
} Detection [x]Semi-Automatic Look for generic names in code handling files or directory paths like file or dirName. Tags Naming Level [x]Beginner AI Generation AI models may default to ambiguous names like file or dirName without specific instructions. Adding descriptive naming and code extraction guidelines can improve the AI's output. AI Detection AI tools can fix this smell by using clear naming conventions and suggesting code extraction if prompted to avoid redundant code. Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Conclusion By using precise names like fileName and directoryPath and extracting reusable methods, you improve code clarity and maintainability. These simple practices help reduce redundancy and keep your code understandable. Related Reading https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-vii-8dk31x0 Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Credit(s): Photo by Gabriel Heinzer on Unsplash Code should be written to be read by humans first, and machines second. Don Laabs https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code Avoid Ambiguous Naming for Path Variables Avoid Ambiguous Naming for Path Variables Avoid Ambiguous Naming for Path Variables Problems Unclear variable purpose Bijection Fault Misleading context Repetitive code Harder maintenance Reduced readability Abbreviations Increased cognitive load Unclear variable purpose Bijection Fault Bijection Misleading context Repetitive code Harder maintenance Reduced readability Abbreviations Abbreviations Increased cognitive load Solutions Honor the Bijection Use precise names Avoid ambiguity Keep context clear Extract reusable code Follow naming conventions Reify names with their rules Honor the Bijection Bijection Use precise names Avoid ambiguity Keep context clear Extract reusable code Follow naming conventions Reify names with their rules Context When handling a single fileName or directoryPath , vague names like file or dirName create confusion. fileName directoryPath file dirName A file should represent a File A fileName should represent the name of a file fileContents should represent the content of a file A fileHandler should represent a pointer to an external resource dirName should be directoryPath A file should represent a File file A fileName should represent the name of a file fileName fileContents should represent the content of a file fileContents A fileHandler should represent a pointer to an external resource fileHandler dirName should be directoryPath dirName directoryPath Clear names like fileName for names and directoryPath for directories communicate each variable’s role. fileName directoryPath When you name a variable file, it can confuse others about its purpose. Does it store a file object or just the filename? When you name a variable dirName instead of directoryName it leads to ambiguity. dirName Clear and descriptive variable names improve code readability and maintainability, especially in collaborative environments. Sample Code Wrong function importBoardGameScores(file) {
  if (file) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryScores(dirName) {
  // 'dir' is an abbreviation
  const files = fs.readdirSync(dirName);
  files.forEach(file => {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(`${dirName}/${file}`, 'utf-8');
    // Process each file's board game scores...
  });
  }
} function importBoardGameScores(file) {
  if (file) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryScores(dirName) {
  // 'dir' is an abbreviation
  const files = fs.readdirSync(dirName);
  files.forEach(file => {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(`${dirName}/${file}`, 'utf-8');
    // Process each file's board game scores...
  });
  }
} Right function importBoardGameScores(fileName) {
  if (fileName) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(fileName, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryBoardGamesScores(directoryPath) {
    const fileNames = fs.readdirSync(directoryPath);
    // Note the variable holding filenames 
    // and not files
  
   fileNames.forEach(filename => {
        const fullPath = path.join(directoryPath, filename);
        const scores = importBoardGameScores(fullPath);
        allScores.push(scores);
   });
       
   return allScores.flat();
  
  
// You can also reify the concept of a filename
// And avoid repeating the rules everywhere
  
class Filename {
    value;
    
    constructor(value) {
        this.validateFilename(value);
        this.value = value;
    }

    validateFilename(value) {      
        const invalidCharacters = /[<>:"/\\|?*\x00-\x1F]/g;
        if (invalidCharacters.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename contains invalid characters');
        }

        if (/^[. ]+$/.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename cannot consist only of dots or spaces');
        }

        if (value.length > 255) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename is too long');
        }
    }

    toString() {
        return this.value;
    }

    get value() {
        return this.value;
    }
} function importBoardGameScores(fileName) {
  if (fileName) {
    const data = fs.readFileSync(fileName, 'utf-8');
    // Process board game scores...
  }
}

function importDirectoryBoardGamesScores(directoryPath) {
    const fileNames = fs.readdirSync(directoryPath);
    // Note the variable holding filenames 
    // and not files
  
   fileNames.forEach(filename => {
        const fullPath = path.join(directoryPath, filename);
        const scores = importBoardGameScores(fullPath);
        allScores.push(scores);
   });
       
   return allScores.flat();
  
  
// You can also reify the concept of a filename
// And avoid repeating the rules everywhere
  
class Filename {
    value;
    
    constructor(value) {
        this.validateFilename(value);
        this.value = value;
    }

    validateFilename(value) {      
        const invalidCharacters = /[<>:"/\\|?*\x00-\x1F]/g;
        if (invalidCharacters.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename contains invalid characters');
        }

        if (/^[. ]+$/.test(value)) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename cannot consist only of dots or spaces');
        }

        if (value.length > 255) {
            throw new Error
              ('Filename is too long');
        }
    }

    toString() {
        return this.value;
    }

    get value() {
        return this.value;
    }
} Detection [x]Semi-Automatic [x] Semi-Automatic [x] Look for generic names in code handling files or directory paths like file or dirName . file dirName Tags Naming Naming Level [x]Beginner [x] Beginner [x] AI Generation AI models may default to ambiguous names like file or dirName without specific instructions. file dirName Adding descriptive naming and code extraction guidelines can improve the AI's output. AI Detection AI tools can fix this smell by using clear naming conventions and suggesting code extraction if prompted to avoid redundant code. Try Them! Try Them! Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Remember: AI Assistants make lots of mistakes Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions



ChatGPT

ChatGPT



Claude

Claude



Perplexity

Perplexity



Copilot

Copilot



Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions

With Specific Instructions ChatGPT

ChatGPT Claude

Claude Perplexity

Perplexity Copilot

Copilot Gemini

Gemini Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions Without Proper Instructions Without Proper Instructions With Specific Instructions With Specific Instructions ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT ChatGPT Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Claude Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Perplexity Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Copilot Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Gemini Conclusion By using precise names like fileName and directoryPath and extracting reusable methods, you improve code clarity and maintainability. fileName directoryPath These simple practices help reduce redundancy and keep your code understandable. Related Reading https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-vii-8dk31x0 https://hackernoon.com/how-to-find-the-stinky-parts-of-your-code-part-vii-8dk31x0 Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion. Disclaimer: Code Smells are my opinion . opinion Credit(s): Photo by Gabriel Heinzer on Unsplash Credit(s): Photo by Gabriel Heinzer on Unsplash Gabriel Heinzer Unsplash Code should be written to be read by humans first, and machines second. Code should be written to be read by humans first, and machines second. Don Laabs Don Laabs https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/400-thought-provoking-software-engineering-quotes?embedable=true This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code This article is part of the CodeSmell Series: How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code How to Find the Stinky Parts of your Code

Code Smell 278 - DirName and File

How to Protect Small and Middle Businesses From Cyberattacks

How Logical Clocks Keep Distributed Systems in Sync

Picture this: you go to a protest these days, and you find a lot of people wearing white, bearded masks. Maybe the hacktivist group Anonymous comes to your mind. Maybe V for Vendetta. Maybe even the historical root, Guy Fawkes —a man who died over 400 years ago in old England. But do you know why are they all connected as a symbol of rebellion or even anarchism? Should you wear your own mask too? Well. Let’s explore this story in chronological order, shall we? If you must know it now, it includes a murder attempt plot, explosives, a dystopian world, and somehow ends up with modern online anarchism and protests worldwide. Cryptos have been in the mix too since they appeared in 2009. Old Historical Facts “Remember, remember, the 5th of November, Gunpowder, treason and plot.” This is an English folk rhyme that dates back to the 17th century and has firmly stayed in popular imagery ever since. You see, that century wasn’t catholic-friendly at all in England. In case you didn’t know, there was a thing called European Wars of Religion that went on for centuries. That was a complex historical event in which numerous realms and parties participated, so we’ll sum it up by saying that the English high powers preferred The Church of England (Anglicanism), a form of Christian Protestantism that was against the Church of Rome and the figure of the Pope. Instead, the English monarch became the Supreme Governor of the church instead of the Pope, and, eventually, they sought to erase Catholicism from England. As a consequence, harsh religious persecution was put in place. Catholics faced heavy restrictions on practicing their faith, prohibitions against holding public office, fines for not attending Anglican services, and occasional imprisonment or execution for those deemed traitors due to their loyalty to the Pope over the English monarch. In other words, that was the perfect recipe for a group of Catholic revolutionaries to design a plot to kill and replace the Protestant king and his court. The 5th of November A group of conspirators, led by Robert Catesby, sought to assassinate King James I and his government officials in a dramatic explosion by November 5, 1605. They rented a cellar beneath the parliament building and stocked it with 36 barrels of gunpowder, enough to cause massive destruction. The plan unraveled, however, when an anonymous letter, sent days before the event, warned a Catholic member of parliament to stay away from the building.This prompted a search, and just hours before the planned explosion, authorities found Guy Fawkes, one of Catesby’s associates, guarding the gunpowder and ready to light the wicks. Fawkes was arrested, tortured, and eventually executed, while most of the other conspirators were also caught and met similar fates. The event is known now as the Gunpowder Plot. Today, November 5th is celebrated as Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night in the UK. People light bonfires, set off fireworks, and sometimes burn effigies of Guy Fawkes or other hated characters to commemorate the failure of the plot and the survival of King James I —who most English people actually liked back then, despite his anti-Catholic posture. Fictional Facts So, a little bit disappointing up until now? Let’s fast forward to the 19th century when fiction starts to meddle with the facts. The writer William Harrison Ainsworth published a three-volume romance novel called ‘Guy Fawkes’. This story, published between 1840 and 1841, described a made-up romance between Fawkes and Viviana Radcliffe, a new character, and narrated the journey of the Gunpowder Plot from the summer of 1605 to its tragic end. All while picturing Fawkes as a sort of anti-hero. It wouldn’t be the last time. That novel was popular in its time, but what would really hit our century would be the comic ‘V for Vendetta’ by Alan Moore and David Lloyd, first published in 1980. Lloyd, indeed, is the author of the Guy Fawkes mask design as we know it. You may also be familiar with the homonymous movie from 2006. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSA7mAHolAw&embedable=true They tell us a dystopian story set in a future Britain under a totalitarian regime. The story follows V, a mysterious vigilante who wears a Guy Fawkes mask and uses his skills to fight against the oppressive government. V’s ultimate goal is to awaken the people to the regime’s injustices and inspire them to reclaim their freedom, using acts of rebellion and symbolism to make his point. He ends up fulfilling the original Fawkes’ goal and blows up the parliament. The Guy Fawkes mask is central to V’s identity (always hidden otherwise) and symbolizes resistance against tyranny. Just as Fawkes once tried to overthrow a powerful government, V becomes a modern symbol of defiance, using the mask to rally people against oppression while protecting their identities. This symbolism has since been embraced worldwide by activists and movements advocating for freedom and justice. New Historical Facts The Guy Fawkes mask became a symbol of protest and defiance in the early 2000s, thanks largely to the online activist group Anonymous. Starting around 2008, members of Anonymous wore the mask during a series of global protests against the Church of Scientology, which they opposed due to its practices and aggressive control of information. The mask allowed activists to protect their identities while presenting a united front against what they saw as corruption and censorship. https://youtu.be/_ZgJ2bkyiTw?embedable=true In 2011, the mask gained even more visibility with the Occupy Wall Street movement, which protested economic inequality and corporate influence. The Occupy movement spread globally, with protesters in places like New York, London, and Tokyo donning the mask as a statement against social injustice. Julian Assange, a renowned cypherpunk and founder of WikiLeaks, also wore the mask publicly, aligning with the movement and its ideals of transparency and accountability. Since then, the Guy Fawkes mask has appeared in a range of protests worldwide, from Hong Kong’s pro-democracy demonstrations to anti-austerity marches across Europe. In addition, we must say that a wide lot of these protesters have learned to use cryptocurrencies to protect their funds and data. Today, the mask remains a powerful, recognizable symbol for those fighting for freedom and against government or corporate control, transcending borders and causes. A Mask Isn’t Enough Since the early days of protests by Anonymous and movements like Occupy Wall Street, the Guy Fawkes mask has allowed people to show solidarity while protecting their identities. However, in the current era of advanced surveillance and censorship, simply wearing a mask is no longer enough. According to Freedom House, “Global Internet freedom declined for the 14th consecutive year,” and “Free expression online was imperiled by severe prison terms and escalating violence.” Financial censorship is also a growing concern. In some countries, governments and institutions limit or freeze funds to silence dissent or restrict people’s access to their money. Cryptocurrencies and decentralized networks offer a way to push back. Due to their peer-to-peer nature, cryptocurrencies allow people to control their own funds and data without relying on central authorities. This means they can be used as tools for those fighting against inequality or authoritarianism, helping people keep their assets secure and enabling transactions even in restricted environments. Not all decentralized networks, however, are equally resistant to censorship. Blockchains can be censored and manipulated. Most of them still rely on “validators” or miners, leaving room for censorship and centralization. Obyte stands out as a powerful alternative: its Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure is truly decentralized, free from miners, “validators”, or any other middlemen, making it especially resistant to censorship and a good option for people seeking true autonomy. Featured Image by Ahmed Zayan / Unsplash Picture this: you go to a protest these days, and you find a lot of people wearing white, bearded masks. Maybe the hacktivist group Anonymous comes to your mind. Maybe V for Vendetta. Maybe even the historical root, Guy Fawkes —a man who died over 400 years ago in old England. But do you know why are they all connected as a symbol of rebellion or even anarchism? Should you wear your own mask too? Well. Let’s explore this story in chronological order, shall we? If you must know it now, it includes a murder attempt plot, explosives, a dystopian world, and somehow ends up with modern online anarchism and protests worldwide. Cryptos have been in the mix too since they appeared in 2009. Old Historical Facts “Remember, remember, the 5th of November, Gunpowder, treason and plot.” This is an English folk rhyme that dates back to the 17th century and has firmly stayed in popular imagery ever since. You see, that century wasn’t catholic-friendly at all in England. In case you didn’t know, there was a thing called European Wars of Religion that went on for centuries. “Remember, remember, the 5th of November, Gunpowder, treason and plot.” folk rhyme folk rhyme That was a complex historical event in which numerous realms and parties participated, so we’ll sum it up by saying that the English high powers preferred The Church of England (Anglicanism), a form of Christian Protestantism that was against the Church of Rome and the figure of the Pope. Instead, the English monarch became the Supreme Governor of the church instead of the Pope, and, eventually, they sought to erase Catholicism from England. As a consequence, harsh religious persecution was put in place. Catholics faced heavy restrictions on practicing their faith, prohibitions against holding public office, fines for not attending Anglican services, and occasional imprisonment or execution for those deemed traitors due to their loyalty to the Pope over the English monarch. As a consequence, harsh religious persecution was put in place. In other words, that was the perfect recipe for a group of Catholic revolutionaries to design a plot to kill and replace the Protestant king and his court. The 5th of November A group of conspirators, led by Robert Catesby, sought to assassinate King James I and his government officials in a dramatic explosion by November 5, 1605. They rented a cellar beneath the parliament building and stocked it with 36 barrels of gunpowder, enough to cause massive destruction. The plan unraveled, however, when an anonymous letter, sent days before the event, warned a Catholic member of parliament to stay away from the building. This prompted a search, and just hours before the planned explosion, authorities found Guy Fawkes, one of Catesby’s associates, guarding the gunpowder and ready to light the wicks. Fawkes was arrested, tortured, and eventually executed, while most of the other conspirators were also caught and met similar fates. The event is known now as the Gunpowder Plot. Today, November 5th is celebrated as Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night in the UK. People light bonfires, set off fireworks, and sometimes burn effigies of Guy Fawkes or other hated characters to commemorate the failure of the plot and the survival of King James I —who most English people actually liked back then, despite his anti-Catholic posture. Today, November 5th is celebrated as Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire Night in the UK. Fictional Facts So, a little bit disappointing up until now? Let’s fast forward to the 19th century when fiction starts to meddle with the facts. The writer William Harrison Ainsworth published a three-volume romance novel called ‘Guy Fawkes’. This story, published between 1840 and 1841, described a made-up romance between Fawkes and Viviana Radcliffe, a new character, and narrated the journey of the Gunpowder Plot from the summer of 1605 to its tragic end. All while picturing Fawkes as a sort of anti-hero. published published It wouldn’t be the last time. That novel was popular in its time, but what would really hit our century would be the comic ‘V for Vendetta’ by Alan Moore and David Lloyd, first published in 1980 . Lloyd, indeed, is the author of the Guy Fawkes mask design as we know it. You may also be familiar with the homonymous movie from 2006. but what would really hit our century would be the comic ‘ V for Vendetta ’ by Alan Moore and David Lloyd, first published in 1980 ‘ V for Vendetta V for Vendetta ’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSA7mAHolAw&embedable=true https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSA7mAHolAw&embedable=true They tell us a dystopian story set in a future Britain under a totalitarian regime. The story follows V, a mysterious vigilante who wears a Guy Fawkes mask and uses his skills to fight against the oppressive government. V’s ultimate goal is to awaken the people to the regime’s injustices and inspire them to reclaim their freedom, using acts of rebellion and symbolism to make his point. He ends up fulfilling the original Fawkes’ goal and blows up the parliament. The Guy Fawkes mask is central to V’s identity (always hidden otherwise) and symbolizes resistance against tyranny. Just as Fawkes once tried to overthrow a powerful government, V becomes a modern symbol of defiance, using the mask to rally people against oppression while protecting their identities. This symbolism has since been embraced worldwide by activists and movements advocating for freedom and justice. The Guy Fawkes mask is central to V’s identity (always hidden otherwise) and symbolizes resistance against tyranny. New Historical Facts The Guy Fawkes mask became a symbol of protest and defiance in the early 2000s, thanks largely to the online activist group Anonymous. Starting around 2008, members of Anonymous wore the mask during a series of global protests against the Church of Scientology, which they opposed due to its practices and aggressive control of information. The mask allowed activists to protect their identities while presenting a united front against what they saw as corruption and censorship. https://youtu.be/_ZgJ2bkyiTw?embedable=true https://youtu.be/_ZgJ2bkyiTw?embedable=true In 2011, the mask gained even more visibility with the Occupy Wall Street movement, which protested economic inequality and corporate influence. The Occupy movement spread globally, with protesters in places like New York, London, and Tokyo donning the mask as a statement against social injustice. Julian Assange , a renowned cypherpunk and founder of WikiLeaks, also wore the mask publicly, aligning with the movement and its ideals of transparency and accountability. In 2011, the mask gained even more visibility with the Occupy Wall Street movement, which protested economic inequality and corporate influence. Julian Assange Julian Assange wore the mask wore the mask Since then, the Guy Fawkes mask has appeared in a range of protests worldwide, from Hong Kong’s pro-democracy demonstrations to anti-austerity marches across Europe. In addition, we must say that a wide lot of these protesters have learned to use cryptocurrencies to protect their funds and data. Today, the mask remains a powerful, recognizable symbol for those fighting for freedom and against government or corporate control, transcending borders and causes. A Mask Isn’t Enough Since the early days of protests by Anonymous and movements like Occupy Wall Street, the Guy Fawkes mask has allowed people to show solidarity while protecting their identities. However, in the current era of advanced surveillance and censorship, simply wearing a mask is no longer enough. According to Freedom House , “Global Internet freedom declined for the 14th consecutive year,” and “Free expression online was imperiled by severe prison terms and escalating violence.” Freedom House Freedom House “Global Internet freedom declined for the 14th consecutive year,” and “Free expression online was imperiled by severe prison terms and escalating violence.” Financial censorship is also a growing concern. In some countries, governments and institutions limit or freeze funds to silence dissent or restrict people’s access to their money. Cryptocurrencies and decentralized networks offer a way to push back. Due to their peer-to-peer nature, cryptocurrencies allow people to control their own funds and data without relying on central authorities. Financial censorship Financial censorship This means they can be used as tools for those fighting against inequality or authoritarianism, helping people keep their assets secure and enabling transactions even in restricted environments. Not all decentralized networks, however, are equally resistant to censorship. Blockchains can be censored and manipulated . Most of them still rely on “validators” or miners, leaving room for censorship and centralization. Obyte stands out as a powerful alternative: its Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure is truly decentralized, free from miners, “validators”, or any other middlemen, making it especially resistant to censorship and a good option for people seeking true autonomy. Blockchains can be censored and manipulated Blockchains can be censored and manipulated Obyte Obyte Featured Image by Ahmed Zayan / Unsplash Featured Image by Ahmed Zayan / Unsplash Unsplash Unsplash

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