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Asia&#x27;s Leading Turbo Distributor · GARRETT Appointed Since 1992 Territories: Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia &amp; Taiwan Awards: Distributor of the Year 1997-2013 and 2015

Turbo One – Asia's Leading Turbo Distributor

Finding technical comparables (aka ‘comps’) is challenging. Information in the innovation market is extremely fragmented and described in a variety of different ways, using industry-specific jargon. Our advanced AI/NLP technology works by deciphering the contextual meaning of a specific ...

TurboInnovate - Scout companies and inventors across cutting-edge ...

Since 2013, TURBRO had strived to offer efficient HVAC products and solutions to improve the living comfort. TURBRO expands the product ranges from electric fireplaces and air conditioners to garden tools and outdoors gears, which can be used for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes.

TURBRO - Electric Fireplaces, Air Conditioners, HVAC Accessories

Advanced Tuning Products or ATP Turbo offers aftermarket turbo solutions and engine tuning accessories for high performance cars.

ATP TURBO - The Premiere Provider of Turbocharging Components

Ltd. is an Unique <strong>company</strong> in the Indian Sub Continent, as One - Stop - Shop for total power plant services in the activities of Overhauling, services, repairs, Retrofits, manufacturing of all TG-Set Spares, Erection, testing &amp; commissioning of all makes for the past 15 years.

Welcome to SV Turbo Engineering Works Pvt Ltd

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Precisionturbo

We partner with the world’s leading car and truck manufacturers, creating the turbocharging, electric boosting and connected vehicle systems central to the latest generation of fuel efficient and lower emissions vehicles.

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We specialise in the design and manufacture of Industrial Fans and Ductwork for commercial, industrial, and mining applications throughout Australia and overseas.

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HD Turbo is a Chicago-based turbocharger remanufacturing <strong>company</strong> focused on delivering the highest precision and quality turbochargers on the market. Our

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Motorsport Upgrade Turbochargers in highest quality &amp; efficiency for the automotive sector. TTE Engineering at OEM level since 2010.

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Readout of the Environmental Permitting Technology and Data Summit This week, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council (Permitting Council) convened agency officials and professionals from the environmental and information technology sectors to discuss how software and other tools can deliver more effective and efficient environmental reviews. The first-ever Environmental Permitting Technology and Data Summit was held on Tuesday at the White House and the headquarters of the General Services Administration. To meet President Biden’s historic clean energy and infrastructure goals, a core component of Bidenomics, the Biden-Harris Administration is undertaking an all-of-government effort to accelerate federal permitting while ensuring strong environmental protections and robust community engagement. The summit brought together federal and state agency staff, non-profits, academia, and industry leaders to inform CEQ’s E-NEPA study called for in the Fiscal Responsibility Act. Summit participants also discussed innovative, successful software deployment for permitting processes within government agencies, the need for improved software to enable more effective and efficient environmental reviews, and next steps for the Biden-Harris Administration’s effort to modernize the technology agencies use to conduct environmental reviews and other permitting processes. As part of the summit, the Permitting Council announced it will make $25 million available from the Inflation Reduction Act to modernize permitting-related software and technology and spur innovation to advance the Biden-Harris Administration’s permitting strategy. This funding announcement reflects the Administration’s commitment to ensuring that federal environmental reviews and permitting processes are effective, efficient, and transparent, guided by the best available science to promote positive environmental and community outcomes, and shaped by early and meaningful public engagement and input. An opening plenary session laid out a vision for using technology and data to improve environmental reviews, and, in particular, highlighted two stories of the successful development of digital tools at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Participants attended breakout sessions on cybersecurity, implementation of shared services across federal agencies, funding and staffing of permitting software delivery initiatives, and technology’s role in more effective and efficient environmental reviews. Participants were also able to see demonstrations and learn more about the development and use of the following tools: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Information for Planning and Consultation The Bureau of Land Management’s E-Planning The Federal Railroad Administration and Federal Highway Administration’s Permitting Dashboard Application Programming Interface The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Regulatory and Permitting Information Desktop (RAPID) Toolkit Virginia’s Permitting Enhancement & Evaluation Platform (PEEP) Florida Department of Transportation’s Efficient Transportation Decision Making System The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Grant Environmental Assessment App The U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Regulatory Request System and Regulatory In-lieu fee and Bank Information Tracking System Washington State’s : Washington Information System for Architectural and Archeological Records Data WISAARD The University of Arizona’s project NEPAccess The White House Council on Environmental Quality’s Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool Wildfires.org TurboPlan In the afternoon, Federal environmental officers and Chief Information Officers joined a roundtable conversation to discuss common challenges and explore solutions and opportunities to use digital tools to achieve effective and efficient environmental reviews and permitting. Key participants in the Summit included: White House Council on Environmental Quality Chair Brenda Mallory White House Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation John Podesta White House Senior Advisor and Infrastructure Implementation Coordinator Mitch Landrieu General Services Administration Administrator Robin Carnahan Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council Executive Director Eric Beightel Office of Management and Budget Deputy Director for Management Jason Miller Founder of Code for America and former U.S. Deputy Chief Technology Officer Jennifer Pahlka Danish Environmental Protection Agency’s Deputy Director Lars Møller This was originally published on October 27, 2023 in whitehouse.gov.

White House Summit Explores Tech Solutions for Efficient Environmental Reviews 

Why does a company need a logo? A logo is like a brand's superhero emblem. It's a visual cue that triggers certain vibes and feelings among your audience. Initially, a strong branding strategy helps to create a recognisable trademark that will be associated with a particular business and attract customers. Later on, branding (when it’s well-designed) can be the main reason for the increase in customer loyalty. This means that customers will be more loyal to the brand and come back for a repeat purchase. Nearly everyone today can identify the logos of Apple or Toyota, but what makes these symbols so distinct? The answer is that we see these logos all over the place on phones, cars, media and advertising. However, these logos didn't always hold the recognition they do now. Every company, even the most prosperous ones, had humble beginnings. How can I get a logo for my start-up? Professional Design Studio This option seems to be the most reliable and traditional one. From year to year, professional studios have been executing thousands of company logo orders. The design studio develops a project that takes into account all the wishes of the client, and also studies all the features of the business industry. Let's see the pros and cons of working with a design studio. You can find design studios on or . Behance Dribbble Pros: With vast experience working with diverse companies, professional design studios typically offer a custom approach to logo development, ensuring a design that best complements the brand. . Uniqueness . Professional designers use state-of-the-art software and advanced technology to create a top-notch logo. Quality . Design studios create a logo, taking into account its display in different environments. This means that the logo can easily be used on any medium from a business card to a billboard. Adaptability . Having a logo designed by a professional studio signals a business's serious commitment and professional approach to its brand image. Reputation Cons: . Let's talk numbers. Logos made by pro design studios can have you shelling out anywhere from $5,000 to $15,000 and beyond. Now, if you're a fledgling startup, you might think twice before dropping that kind of cash on a logo. There could be other, more immediate areas that need your financial attention. Cost Factor . The clock is ticking, and in the startup world, time is as good as gold. The average design studio might take weeks. To some, that might seem like a millennium compared to other faster (but maybe less refined) options. And don't forget, there's some legwork to be done on your part too, choosing the right studio is going to eat up some hours. Time Investment The average time it takes a professional design studio to devise a logo is around 2-4 weeks, which might seem a bit too long compared to other options. On top of that, you will have to spend a certain amount of time on choosing which studio to contact. Time. I think all startups would like to order a logo design from a design studio, but it is too expensive and time-consuming. In addition, at the initial stage, many companies make a pivot in development, which can mean a change of brand. Freelancer Freelancers are either designers alone, or small groups of designers who work remotely and are willing to do small orders. Freelance exchanges are now plentiful, and it is relatively easy to find the right contractor. However, there might be a tremendous difference between two seemingly similar freelancers - anyone who has ever worked with a freelancer knows this. If you aim to find a person who will make a decent logo for a reasonable price and you actually find one, you are definitely lucky. Most popular freelancer marketplaces to hire freelancers are , and . 99designs Fiverr Upwork Pros: . The average price that freelancers charge for their work is lower than that of a studio. It can start with $50 and reach $1000, if a freelancer is experienced and has a good portfolio Price . In general, freelancers present a finished logo much faster than a design studio, which might be crucial in case you need your logo ASAP. Time . A freelancer can work with you at your convenience and strictly according to your requirements. Flexibility . Modern freelancers tend to have experience in versatile areas of design and that is why they can offer you a unique and creative approach to your logo. Experience Cons: . Freelancers don't usually provide guarantees for their work, which can lead to problems once the logo is received. In the worst case, you might even face the risk of copyright infringement. No guarantee of design uniqueness Freelancers may offer a limited selection of styles and colours, which not always meets your requirements. Or even worse, freelancers may use some of the pre-made templates, making your logo an ordinary and boring picture. Limited choice. As a rule, the work of a freelancer includes 2-3 edits (revisions) of the design. You have to pay extra for additional revisions. Limited number of edits. . Not all freelancers get their work done on time; sometimes, they might simply forget about your order or complete tasks that are a higher priority for them. Failing to meet the deadline AI Logo Generator Creating a logo online without human involvement is a service that has become available with the rapid development of Internet technology. Now, when AI programs are slowly but surely taking over entirely different markets, finding a worthy AI logo generator (such as the one I made, ) is as easy as one-two-three. Turbologo Pros: Automatic logo generators usually offer their services at a low cost, which makes them affordable for all companies, especially for start-ups. Sometimes, the use of a logo generator is completely free of charge, but typically they require to pay to download results from $20 to $100. Price. Designing a high-quality logo for an automatic generator is only a matter of a few seconds. Time. All the leading logo generators charge their clients only if they are satisfied with the result obtained. In case you don’t like the generated logo, you can simply leave the website without paying anything. Post-pay. Logo generators can create logos for companies representing completely different industries, from esports to cotton candy production. Versatility. Most of the modern logo generators have a simple and friendly interface and don’t require special design knowledge. It means that you can create a masterpiece within a few mouse clicks. User-friendliness. Cons: . Logo generators usually offer a limited choice of designs that may not exactly fit the company's needs and its brand. Moreover, some of the generated designs turn out to be standardised templates. Limited choice of designs Some logo generators don’t allow changes (even the smallest ones) to the design, which may result in the need to make an additional order and pay extra money, respectively. But it really depends on the service, so it’s better to make sure that Making adjustments. adjustments are free of charge. Unfortunately, there are unfair logo generators on the market which use commercial fonts or icons without a proper licence. An even worse scenario is if a generator sells you a logo that is protected by copyright and you only realise it after you have bought it. So be sure to check the licences of the fonts and icons used in your logo. Copyrights or licences issues. Which option to use? Depending on your personal situation, you might find any of the options listed suitable for your needs. Undoubtedly, each described way of ordering a logo for your company has the right to exist. However, if you are only starting your own business and don’t have infinite resources, I would highly recommend you to try the logo generator method. Not only is it extremely cheap (or maybe even free), but it will almost certainly provide you with a suitable solution to your logo-searching problem - I have tried it myself several times. Nowadays, there are plenty of different automatic logo generators, but the most popular are , , or . Turbologo Looka Canva TailorBrands Conclusion Logo generators are convenient and accessible tools for aspiring entrepreneurs seeking distinctive logos. AI-powered generators offer a range of templates, colors, fonts, and design elements to customize according to specific needs. They also enable the creation of prototypes, ensuring alignment with expectations and business identity. With logo generators, business owners can swiftly craft professional and appealing logos that differentiate their brand and yield a competitive edge. Even the most successful companies started somewhere, and using an AI-generated logo as a startup's initial branding is a proven and practical solution in today's market.

How an AI Logo Generator Can Help Start-up Businesses

If you’re developing modern single-page applications with Ruby on Rails, you’re most likely using some fancy JS framework for your UI to be updated nicely, without page reloads. And there is really not much you can do without using them, that’s kind of a standard these days… until Rails got Hotwire. With Hotwire you can get fast and responsive web applications, but without writing a ton of Javascript. Well, sounds great, but what is Hotwire? In this article, we’ll go through the basics of Hotwire, as well as build a sample app using it. What options are there for responsive Rails apps? On June 25, 2013, Rails 4 was released introducing Turbolinks. And what are Turbolinks doing for “responsiveness” of Rails? Turbolinks intercept all link clicks and instead of sending regular requests it sends an asynchronous Javascript request (AJAX) to fetch HTML. It then merges the tag of the fetched page and replaces the whole tag of the page, so there is no full page reload. No stylesheets or scripts reloading, which means faster page navigation. But, it still is replacing the whole , not only the changed parts of the page. GET head body body What if you want to reload only the parts that changed? Well, you could use Rails AJAX helpers, when you mark some elements as , it makes those elements send AJAX requests instead of regular requests. And Rails responds with generated JS code, which is then executed by the browser to dynamically update those parts of the page. data-remote='true' GET/POST GET/POST Then, we can get to some JS components on the frontend (e.g. using React) to make an app feel even more responsive. So, the JS component sends an AJAX request and the Rails server responds to it with JSON data. Then, the frontend framework transforms the received JSON to DOM elements and updates DOM to reflect those changes. And it works nice, with the only downside being that it mixes server-side rendering and client-side rendering on a page. Another more traditional way these days, is going all in and using React, Vue, or another JS framework on the frontend for only client-side rendering, i.e. so-called Single Page Application (SPA). With this approach, the frontend is a separate application that sends AJAX requests to the Rails server, and Rails is solely a JSON API. As you probably know, there’s a lot of complexity in building, maintaining, and deploying two separate apps with interchangeable data. But, what if you could build a SPA without all the complexity of building two separate apps and writing lots of Javascript code? Here’s what Hotwire can help you with. What is Hotwire? Hotwire is an alternative approach to building SPA-like web apps, rendering all of the HTML server side using Rails templates while keeping the app fast and responsive. Keeping rendering on server side makes your development experience simpler and more productive. Hotwire name basically is an abbreviation for , which means sending generated HTML instead of JSON from the server to the client. It also does not require you to write much custom javascript code. Hotwire is made of Turbo and Stimulus. HTML Over the Wire What is Turbo? Turbo gem is the heart of Hotwire. It’s a set of technologies to dynamically update the page, which speeds up navigation and form submission by dividing pages into components that can be partially updated utilizing Websockets as a transport. If you ever worked with websockets in Rails, you most likely know that Rails is using ActionCable to handle websockets connection, and it’s included in Rails by default. And Trubo gem consists of: Turbo Drive, Turbo Frames and Turbo Streams. Turbo Drive Turbo Drive is used to intercept link clicks (just like Turbolinks were doing it previously) and also intercept form submissions. Turbo Drive then merges the head tag of a page and replaces the body tag of the page. The same case as with Turbolinks, no full page reload, which may be fast for some pages, but not really as responsive as the 2022 app is expected to be, so you might consider updating only some parts of the pages, not the whole body. Here’s where Turboframes come in handy. Turbo Frames You can simply make a part of a page a Turbo Frame, by simply wrapping it in a turbo-frame tag with a unique id <turbo-frame id="13">
  ...
</turbo-frame> This makes any interactions within the frame to be scoped to that frame. Any interaction within that framne send an AJAX request to the Rails server, and server responds with an HTML only for that frame. Which allows Turbo to automatically replace only that frame on a page. And this does not require to write any Javascript. But what if you want to update multiple parts of the page at the same time? That’s what Turbo Streams can help you with. Turbo Streams When user interacts with an element on the page (e.g. form/link) and Turbo Drive sends an AJAX request to the server, the server responds with an HTML, consisting of Turbo Stream elements. And those are like directions for Turbo to follow in order to update affected parts of the page. Turbo Streams include seven available actions: : append, prepend, (insert) before, (insert) after, replace, update, and remove <turbo-stream action="append" target="target_a">
  <template>
    HTML
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

<turbo-stream action="prepend" target="target_b">
  <template>
    HTML
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

<turbo-stream action="replace" target="target_c">
  <template>
    HTML
  </template>
</turbo-stream> Turbo Streams are using ActionCable to deliver updates to multiple clients via websockets asynchronously. Again, you’re getting all of this w/out writing any of the Javascript code. But even if you need some custom Javascript for any reason (e.g. some animation, datepicker, etc.), Hotwire got you covered here with Stimulus. What is Stimulus? Just like Rails which has its controllers with actions, Stimulus allows you to organize client-side code in a similar way. You have a controller, which is a Javascript object, which defines actions, i.e. Javascript functions. Then you connect the controller action to the interactive element on a page using HTML attributes. The action is then run in response when DOM events are triggered. Let’s create a sample Rails app with Hotwire Now having read all of the above, you might be wondering: how do I work with it? Hotwire is pretty simple to use, all that we need is a standard Rails app and Redis server. First, you need to have Ruby 3 and Rails 7 and Redis server to be installed, I’m not going to cover the installation process of those, but you can easily find any instructions you need based on your platform. So, let’s set up a new Rails app (we’ll be using Bootstrap as css option, just to make our app look a bit better): rails new bookstore --css bootstrap After Rails generated all the needed files, cd into the app directory: cd bookstore Rails 7 initial app has everything we need to start using Hotwire, the Gemfile includes Redis gem, Turbo-rails gem and Stimulus-rails. Make sure that you have Redis server up and running. Redis is required because it’s used by ActionCable to store websockets-related information. The default address and port for Rails to connect to Redis server is set in the config/cable.yml development:
  adapter: redis
  url: redis://localhost:6379/1 Then we can genertate our model, controller and migration, which will be “Books” in our case of Bookstore. It’ll have a string title, description of type text and likes counter as integer: rails g scaffold books title:string description:text likes:integer Let’s fix generated migration, so we have 0 likes by default for any book we add to the db: class CreateBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
  def change
    create_table :books do |t|
      t.string :title
      t.text :description
      t.integer :likes, default: 0

      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end Don’t forget to create a database for our app, run in terminal: rake db:create db:migrate Let’s make books list page the root page of the app, open and add the missing root declaration: config/routes.rb Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root 'books#index'
  resources :books
end Then you should be able to run rails server with command or (which will also watch css and js changes) in your terminal and, when you visit in your browser, you should see something like this: rails server ./bin/dev http://localhost:3000 Let’s change the Book partial to this: app/views/books/_book.html.erb <%= turbo_stream_from "book_#{book.id}" %>

<%= turbo_frame_tag "book_#{book.id}" do %>
  <div style="background: lightblue; padding: 10px; width: 400px;">
    <h2><%= book.title %></h2>
    <p><%= book.description %></p>
    <br>
    <%= button_to "Like (#{book.likes})",
                  book_path(book, book: { likes: (book.likes + 1) }), method: :put %>
  </div>
  <br/>
<% end  %> tells Hotwire to use websocket for updates of a frame identified with , and identifies a frame, which can be replaced with partial on update. turbo_stream_from :book_id turbo_frame_tag To tell Turbo that we want to add each new created book to the start of the books list, and update likes count on each like button click, we need to add following callbacks to file (also let’s add a validation): app/models/book.rb class Book < ApplicationRecord
  after_create_commit { broadcast_prepend_to :books }
  after_update_commit { broadcast_replace_to "book_#{id}" }

  validates :title, :description, presence: true
end The first one tells Turbo to use Turbo Stream for updates on create, and the second one tells to use to replace partial with updates. :books :book_id Then let’s fix the ordering in our books controller and also add the new book variable assignment (so we could create a book from the root path) in : app/controllers/books_controller.rb ...
def index
  @books = Book.order(created_at: :desc)
  @book = Book.new
end
... We should also edit to add our Turbo Streams and Turbo Frames: app/views/books/index.html.erb <h1>Books</h1>

<%= turbo_stream_from :books %>

<%= turbo_frame_tag :book_form do %>
  <%= render 'books/form', book: @book %>
<% end %>

<%= turbo_frame_tag :books do %>
  <%= render @books %>
<% end %> To avoid redirects when we create a new book or update an existing one and stay on the same main page, we need to also edit create and update actions in : app/controllers/books_controller.rb ...
def create
  @book = Book.new(book_params)

  respond_to do |format|
    if @book.save
      format.html { redirect_to root_path }
    else
      format.turbo_stream { render turbo_stream: turbo_stream.replace(@book, partial: 'books/form', locals: { book: @book }) }
      format.html { render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity }
    end
  end
end

def update
  respond_to do |format|
    if @book.update(book_params)
      format.html { redirect_to root_path }
    else
      format.html { render :edit, status: :unprocessable_entity }
    end
  end
end At this point, our bookstore app should look like this: Conclusion Any time you create a new book using the form on the main page, Turbo prepends it to the books list, w/out page reloads. If you open multiple tabs in the browser - it will update all of them. “Like” buttons are also working w/out page reloads and update likes counts for the book in all of the tabs. And all of this with not a single line of Javascript code. How cool is that? This sample application is just a basic example of what you can do with Hotwire in Rails, but you can do much more complex things with Turbo and Stimulus. So if you want to start a new SPA with Rails, think twice if you need React, Vue or any other framework on the frontend, it might be much more productive to give Hotwire a try. There’s a big chance it will make you happy. Also Published Here

How to Build a Responsive Rails App with Hotwire

DISCLAIMER Some time ago, I wrote an article here on how to build a notifications system with Rails and Redis from scratch. This new one is a quick update on that one. If you don't know what I'm talking about and are curious about how to accomplish the same thing without Hotwire, here you go: 👉 Real-Time Notification System with Sidekiq, Redis and Devise in Rails 6 Rails 7 was a huuuge update, but I'm not going to talk about that in this post. -officially- became a part of Rails 7. Now, you can have real-time interactions and SPA looking-Rails projects, without even writing a single line of JS. Hotwire TL;TR Hotwire can be understood as an umbrella/approach. Inside this thing, you will find 2 little boys, Turbo, that replaces TurboLinks, and Stimulus, which is, in their : or the thing that we're going to use when we need to listen to some button clicks :p own words A modest JavaScript framework for the HTML you already have, Hands-on 👊 I'm going to use a clean project, you can if you want. Therefore: skip this $ rails new notifications_with_hotwire -d=postgresql -T ??? specify the DB that we're going to use. By default, Rails uses sqlite3. -d=postgresql skips test files. -T To make it more real, let's include and with their icons library, : Devise Tailwind Heroicons $ bundle add devise tailwindcss-rails heroicon Now we need to set up those gems... For tailwind and heroicons, just run $ rails tailwindcss:install && rails g heroicon:install For Devise, run and follow their notes. $ rails g devise:install && rails g devise User I'm also going to create a resource that will dispatch notifications later on: . Don't forget to assign user on create, $ rails g scaffold Post title body:rich_text user:references before_action :authenticate_user!, except: [ :index, :show ]
def create
  @post = current_user.posts.new(post_params)
  .... And of course, specify the relationship on the User model with: has_many :posts Finally, let's move on to what you're looking for 😉 How to create notifications I want to create notifications for different resources, such as posts, comments, or likes. For this, I'm using a polymorphic reference. If you're not familiar with it, read about it . here $ rails g model Notification item:references{polymorphic} user:references viewed:boolean Just add a default value for viewed field on the migration: t.boolean :viewed, null: false, default: false Build a basic nav and place the notifications count badge on it with something like: <%= link_to notifications_path, class: "bg-gray-800 p-1 rounded-full text-gray-400 hover:text-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-gray-800 focus:ring-white" do %>
  <span class="sr-only">View notifications</span>
  <%= heroicon "bell", variant: :outline, options: { class: "h-6 w-6" } %>
  <%= tag.div id: :notifications_count do %>
    <%= render "notifications/count", count: current_user.unviewed_notifications_count %>
  <% end %>
<% end %> You may notice that unviewed_notifications_count doesn't exist on our User model, so let's define that as a class method on : user.rb has_many :notifications
def unviewed_notifications_count
  self.notifications.unviewed.count
end And the partial is needed for Turbo. Going to explain this below. app/views/notifications/_count <%= tag.div id: :notifications_count do %>
  <% if count > 0 %>
    <span class="h-6 w-6 flex items-center justify-center bg-red-500 rounded-md text-sm">
      <%= count > 9 ? "+9" : count  %>
    </span>
  <% end %>
<% end %> Here's the thing about the whole article ( ). Turbo actions. Let's take the first callback to explain what's going on. notification.rb : now turbo handles the stuff we built on the . TD;TR: ApplicationCable to establish the connection between the user and the server, create and send jobs to the background to be performed async with Redis. broadcast previous article : simple JS actions prepend/replace/remove : the target (AKA ). In this case, I'm establishing a connection with the specific signed user. to stream : simple HTML (or ) element used to perform the JS action. target turbo_frame scope :unviewed, ->{ where(viewed: false) }
default_scope { latest }

after_create_commit do 
  broadcast_prepend_to "broadcast_to_user_#{self.user_id}", 
    target: :notifications
end

after_update_commit do 
  broadcast_replace_to "broadcast_to_user_#{self.user_id}", 
    target: self
end

after_destroy_commit do 
  broadcast_remove_to "broadcast_to_user_#{self.user_id}", 
    target: :notifications
end

after_commit do
  broadcast_replace_to "broadcast_to_user_#{self.user_id}", 
    target: "notifications_count", 
    partial: "notifications/count", 
    locals: { count: self.user.unviewed_notifications_count }
  end
end Yup, the scope didn't exist either, I like to define that on . latest application_record.rb scope :latest, ->{ order("created_at DESC") } In , create the stream that allows the previous snippet "talk" with the signed user (without this, everyone's getting everyone's notifications 😛) application.html.erb <% if user_signed_in? %>
  <%= turbo_stream_from dom_id(current_user, :broadcast_to) %>
<% end %> Now let's put notifications-related stuff on . concerns/notificable.rb will append where we import this concern. It sets a relationship and has a simple callback that runs once we a new resource (post in this case) object. included create If that resource model has the user_ids method, it will create the notifications for that user. module Notificable
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  included do
    has_many :notifications, as: :item, dependent: :destroy
    after_create_commit :send_notifications_to_users
  end

  def send_notifications_to_users
    if self.respond_to? :user_ids
      self.user_ids&.each do |user_id|
        Notification.create user_id: user_id, item: self
      end
    end
  end
end So then, when we want to create notifications for a new resource, we just need to include that concern on our resource model, in this case post.rb include Notificable

def user_ids
  User.where.not(id: self.user_id).ids
end Finally, to show the notifications on our application UI, let's respond to /notifications path on notifications_controller.rb class NotificationsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_user!

  def index
    @notifications = current_user.notifications
    @notifications.update(viewed: true)
  end
end Don't forget to notify the controller about this new path on config/routes.rb resources :notifications, only: [ :index ] And there you go. The notifications index :) views/notifications/index.html.erb <div class="space-y-4">
  <p class="text-lg leading-6 font-medium text-gray-900 flex justify-between">
    Notifications
  </p>
  <ul class="border-t border-b border-gray-200 divide-y divide-gray-200" id="notifications">
    <%= render @notifications %>
  </ul>
</div> The previous will look for the partial. render @notifications views/notifications/_notification.html.erb And I like to render a new partial here since we have a polymorphic relation. <li class="py-4" id="<%= dom_id(notification) %>">
  <%= render "notifications/#{notification.item_type.downcase}", notification: notification %>
</li> That previous will look for (in this case). If you create notifications for, let's say, likes, then you need to create a new partial, called . And customize the notification for that new resource. render views/notifications/_post.html.erb _like <p class="text-gray-900">
  <%= notification.item.user.email %> just posted:
  <%= link_to notification.item.title, notification.item, class: "underline font-medium" %>
</p> Here's the with everything :) repo Oh, and I'm building a job board for devs that want to work remotely. There are already a couple of job offers for Rails devs, if you're looking for a job, . check this out Bye. Also published here Lead Photo by on Johannes Plenio Unsplash

How to Use Hotwire in Rails 7 to Build a Real Time Notification System

It is really difficult to imagine an application without a very secure authentication module, they vary from one to other, but almost always having common components, like a form to introduce a user name or email, their password, maybe some social media authentication, even biometric inputs. It is a good practice to understand what are the things you should consider to have a secure and complete authentication module. Once, you acknowledge the security rules you need to implement and the users’ necessities, instead of always implementing this from scratch you can create a template or use, in the case of Rails, a specific Gem for this, like Devise. Devise is one of the most used Gems for authentication, and it’s very flexible to adapt it to your necessities. In this tutorial, I’m aiming to show you how you can integrate one of the other most common features with user authentication, which is to associate its Model with its profile image. Associating a Model with an image it’s pretty straightforward in Rails thanks to the feature of the Active Storage module, you can use many storage services for it, like , , , among others. In this tutorial, we are going to use . Direct uploads Amazon S3 Google Cloud Microsoft Azure Cloudinary Cloudinary is a free storage service, till a certain point as almost any other service, that offers what we need to store our users’ profile images. It only needs you to and download the credentials assigned to it. create an account That being said, let’s start by specificating the tools we are going to use: $ lsb_release -a
Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
$ rails -v
Rails 6.0.3.1
$ ruby --version
ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019–10–01 revision 67812) [x86_64-linux] Let’s create our project. rails new custom-authentication -T The argument is not important, it’s just to skip test files of rails, we are not going to use them for this tutorial. -T Check that everything went well with the installation in the logs, and continue. Go inside the root of the project, and open the . We are going to need the gem for our storage service Cloudinary: Gemfile gem , , # Gemfile 'cloudinary' '~> 1.18' '>= 1.18.1' Following the setup instructions from : Cloudinary’s github repo We install the gem: bundle install If you already signed up and are logged in you can file , otherwise, go to their page download your cloudinary.yml signup You’re going to receive a verification email, after verifying it, you’re ready to download your credentials file. cloudinary.yml Put the downloaded file in your folder. If you’re using a version control tool like git, you should ignore that file, it’s containing your private credentials, so be careful pushing it. /config After that, we can install Active Storage, because it's not coming preinstalled by default: rails active_storage:install This is going to create a migration file with the necessary structure to associate the files with their corresponding records. So, let’s migrate it: rails db:migrate Now, let’s proceed with our Devise Gem, add it to the Gemfile: gem , , # Gemfile # ... 'devise' '~> 4.7' '>= 4.7.3' Install the gem: bundle install Run Devise's generator: rails g devise:install It will display  a set of instructions on the console: The first one: 1. Ensure you have defined default url options your environments files. Here
     is an example of default_url_options appropriate a development environment config/environments/development.rb:

       config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: , port: 3000 }

     In production, :host should be to the actual host of your application.

     * Required all applications. * in for in 'localhost' set for We are not going to need the configuration for the email, so we can skip that. Let's go to the next one: 2. Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* your config/routes.rb.
     For example:

       root to: * Not required API-only Applications * in "home#index" for We don't have any controllers yet, we are going to add a new one to Devise later, so can skip this step for now as well. Add flash messages: 3. Ensure you have flash messages app/views/layouts/application.html.erb.
     For example:

       <p class= ><%= notice %></p>
       <p class= ><%= alert %></p>

     * Not required API-only Applications * in "notice" "alert" for To add the flash messages, as indicated in the instruction, we need to open our file, but we don't want to always display them, so to show them just when they are being triggered we are going to wrap them inside conditional statements: application.html.erb <% notice %>
  <p <% %>
<% alert %>
  <p <% %> if =" - "><%= %></ > class alert alert success notice p end if =" - "><%= %></ > class alert alert danger alert p end Your should look like this: app/views/layouts/application.html.erb <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <% %> <%= %> <% %> <% %> <%= %> <% %> <%= %> CustomAuthentication <!DOCTYPE html> < > html < > head < > title </ > title csrf_meta_tags csp_meta_tag stylesheet_link_tag , , : 'application' media: 'all' 'data-turbolinks-track' 'reload' javascript_pack_tag , : 'application' 'data-turbolinks-track' 'reload' </ > head < > body notice if < = > p class "alert alert-success" notice </ > p end alert if < = > p class "alert alert-danger" alert </ > p end yield </ > body </ > html And the last one: 4. You can copy Devise views ( customization) to your app by running:

       rails g devise:views
       
     * Not required * for We are going to definitely need to do this to include our User profile image in our sign up form, so let's go ahead and run: rails g devise:views The next step is creating the model that is going to be used for our users and devise methods for the authentication. Devise is going to give us a hand with the generation of this model: rails g devise User This will create a model (if one does not exist) and configure it with the default Devise modules. The generator also configures your config/routes.rb file to point to the Devise controller. There are additional configuration options, such as confirmable or lockable, some of them need an email service to work. We are going to keep this tutorial focused just on the customization of the user's registration with Active Storage. We can leave those additional configurations for another occasion. Let's add an extra field to our migration file for the , the migration file should look like this: db/migrate/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx_devise_create_users.rb username create_table t.string , , t.string , , t.string , , t.string t.datetime t.datetime t.timestamps add_index , , add_index , , # frozen_string_literal: true < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0] class DeviseCreateUsers def change :users do |t| ## Database authenticatable :username null: false default: "" :email null: false default: "" :encrypted_password null: false default: "" ## Recoverable :reset_password_token :reset_password_sent_at ## Rememberable :remember_created_at null: false end :users :email unique: true :users :reset_password_token unique: true end end So, let's migrate our User model to the database: rails db:migrate Now, we need to associate the User model with the Active Storage by indicating how we are going to name their profile images. We are going to name it "avatar", to do this we need to add to our model the helper: has_one_attached devise , , , , has_one_attached # app/models/user.rb < ApplicationRecord class User :database_authenticatable :registerable :recoverable :rememberable :validatable :avatar end Let's proceed with the addition of the field for the avatar in the User's registration view. It will be as simple as this: <div <div <%= f.file_field , , %>
    < > =" "> class field =" "> class gravatar_edit :avatar placeholder: 'Upload picture' direct_upload: true /div>
  </div Notice the argument necessary for the Active Storage to work. direct_upload: true Our final will look like this: app/views/devise/registrations/new.html.erb <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <% %> <%= %> <% %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <%= %> <% %> <%= %> Sign up < > h2 </ > h2 form_for(resource, resource_name, registration_path(resource_name)) as: url: do |f| render , resource "devise/shared/error_messages" resource: < = > div class "field" < = > div class "gravatar_edit" f.file_field , , , :avatar placeholder: 'Upload picture' id: "change-img-field" direct_upload: true </ > div </ > div < = > div class "field" f.label :username < /> br f.text_field , , :username autofocus: true autocomplete: "username" </ > div < = > div class "field" f.label :email < /> br f.email_field , :email autocomplete: "email" </ > div < = > div class "field" f.label :password @minimum_password_length if ( < > em @minimum_password_length characters minimum) </ > em end < /> br f.password_field , :password autocomplete: "new-password" </ > div < = > div class "field" f.label :password_confirmation < /> br f.password_field , :password_confirmation autocomplete: "new-password" </ > div < = > div class "actions" f.submit "Sign up" </ > div end render "devise/shared/links" To configure the acceptance of custom parameters in Devise, we need to explicitly indicate which ones we'll be allowed to pass in. One way to do this, is stating it in the file: /app/controllers/application_controller.rb before_action , protected devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit( , [ , ]) # app/controllers/application_controller.rb < ActionController::Base class ApplicationController :configure_permitted_parameters if: :devise_controller? def configure_permitted_parameters :sign_up keys: :username :avatar end end The syntax in Ruby is pretty straight forward, we are indicating that if it is one of the devise controllers, in this case for sign_up, we need to configure the permitted parameters by calling the protected method configure_permitted_parameters, we put it as protected because nothing outside to the class is going to use it. When we call the devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit method, we need to pass in the action, and the keys, which is an array of symbols with the names of the custom parameters. Now, we need to go to our file and set up our Cloudinary service, just adding this in the file: config/storage.yml Cloudinary cloudinary: service: In our environment configuration files we need to indicate which service we are going to use for our Active Storage, let’s start with . Locate the parameter for the active storage service and change it to : config/environments/development.rb :cloudinary Rails.application.configure config.active_storage.service = do # ... :cloudinary end You will need to prepare your file requiring the javascript of active storage included with its installation: app/javascript/packs/application.js # app/javascript/packs/application.js //= require activestorage We are going to also need to add some javascript, you can go to the section, and grab its event listener examples. To add that javascript in the file, it's going to have to require it self with the helper method: Active Storage Direct Uploads application.js require_self addEventListener( , => { { target, detail } = { id, file } = detail
 target.insertAdjacentHTML( , `
   <div id= = >
     <div id= = style= ></div>
     <span = ></span>
   </div>
 `)
 target.previousElementSibling.querySelector(`.direct-upload__filename`).textContent = file.name
})
 
addEventListener( , => { { id } = .detail element = document.getElementById(`direct-upload-${id}`)
 element.classList. ( )
})
 
addEventListener( , => { { id, progress } = .detail progressElement = document.getElementById(`direct-upload-progress-${id}`)
 progressElement.style.width = `${progress}%`
})
 
addEventListener( , => { .preventDefault() { id, error } = .detail element = document.getElementById(`direct-upload-${id}`)
 element.classList. ( )
 element.setAttribute( , error)
})
 
addEventListener( , => { { id } = .detail element = document.getElementById(`direct-upload-${id}`)
 element.classList. ( )
}) # app/javascript/packs/application.js # ... //= require_self // direct_uploads.js "direct-upload:initialize" event const event const "beforebegin" "direct-upload-${id}" class "direct-upload direct-upload--pending" "direct-upload-progress-${id}" class "direct-upload__progress" "width: 0%" class "direct-upload__filename" "direct-upload:start" event const event const remove "direct-upload--pending" "direct-upload:progress" event const event const "direct-upload:error" event event const event const add "direct-upload--error" "title" "direct-upload:end" event const event const add "direct-upload--complete" You can separate later this in another file and require it if you desire to have it more organized. In Rails Guide there are also some example codes to style the progress bar of our direct upload and indicate if there was an error with the upload: # / / / { : inline-block; : relative; : ; : ; : solid (0, 0, 0, 0.3); : ; : ; : ;
} { : ;
} { : absolute; : ; : ; : ; : ; : ; : width ease-out, opacity ease-in; : (0, 0, 0);
} { : ;
} { : red;
} { : none;
} app assets stylesheets application .css /* direct_uploads.css */ .direct-upload display position padding 2px 4px margin 0 3px 3px 0 border 1px rgba border-radius 3px font-size 11px line-height 13px .direct-upload--pending opacity 0.6 .direct-upload__progress position top 0 left 0 bottom 0 opacity 0.2 background #0076ff transition 120ms 60ms 60ms transform translate3d .direct-upload--complete .direct-upload__progress opacity 0.4 .direct-upload--error border-color input [type=file] [data-direct-upload-url] [disabled] display We can now test if the user authentication and the direct upload are working. First, run your rails server: rails s And open in your browser , add an image, and complete the necessary fields to signup: localhost:3000/users/sign_up If everything is ok, you should be redirected to the welcome page of Rails. You can check now on you Cloudinary account if your image was uploaded in the Media Library section: Now, let's see how to display those images in our App. First, we need to create our Users controller, we are only going to need the show method: rails g controller users show I have to warn you that this show method is not going to be the classic one where you pass as a parameter the id of the user to display its data, this is only going to show the current user data to simplify our example. In our routes, we need to add the devise_for helper to be able to use the current_user helper to display its data. Rails.application.routes.draw devise_for : resources : , : %i[ ] # /config/routes.rb do users users only show end And finally, we customize our file to display our username and avatar: app/views/users/show.html.erb <h1>Hi <%= current_user.username %> </h1>

<%= image %> _tag( . , : , : , : ) current_user avatar alt "avatar" class "avatar" id "avatar" Now, you're able to visit a welcome message with your user avatar: localhost:3000/users/show If you have any kind of problems with the instructions, you can check out my including the necessary files and instructions to deploy the project. Github repo I recommend you to check the official Devise documentation and the youtube channel that helped me to understand how to implement direct upload with Active Storage. GoRails There are still a lot of things to add to this, but I hope that this tutorial had helped you in your journey to create a great authentication module!

How to Customize Devise Authentication with Active Storage

Building your first authentication system may look intimidating at first. But to be honest, it's really easy. After reading this article, you will know how easy it is to create a session based authentication in rails. In this brief article, we will go over writing a session based authentication system to authenticate users and hold session data until they log out or close their browser. We will have two models, User and Item. Users will have many items but they have to login to see their items. We will build this step by step using rails 6. Let's get started! OK, let's create a new rails app. rails new simple_session cd simple_session After creating the rails app, let's continue by creating the models and controllers. We will just go over the basics in this article. You should add tests, validation and other important standards when building your app. rails generate model User string string string
rails generate model Item string references
rails migrate
rails generate controller Users
rails generate controller Items name: email: password_digest: name: user: db: We should add the 'bcrypt' gem to store password hashes in the database.  So, let's do that. gem #Gemfile 'bcrypt' bundle install We will go with the easy way to use bootstrap. We will just paste the BootstrapCDN link in the head section of application.html.erb file. You can put your custom css in the custom.scss file created below. <link rel= href= integrity= crossorigin= > #application.html.erb "stylesheet" "https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" "sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" "anonymous" touch app/assets/stylesheets/custom.scss OK, let's now start working on the user and items controller. We will have 3 methods in the users controller - show, new , create. The show method will be used to show users, the new method will be used to present the form to create users, and the create method will be used to create users on the back-end. You can add other methods like index, edit, update, and destroy. But since this is a basic start up, we will skip those for the users controller. We will implement all those for the items controller. You can learn more about the REST approach from this article. Wikipedia #users_controller.rb = User.find(params[:id])
  end

  def @user = User.new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.new(user_params) @user.save
      flash[:success] = redirect_to @user render end
  end

  private

  def user_params
    params.require(:user).permit(:name, :email, :password, :password_confirmation)
  end
end < @ class UsersController ApplicationController def show user new if "Welcome to the app!" else 'new' Let's add the views. We will have a header view that will be used by the application.html.erb file. The application.html.erb is the base view that will be used by all views. #application.html.erb
<!DOCTYPE html> <head>
    <title>RailsSession</title>
    <%= csrf_meta_tags %>
    <%= csp_meta_tag %>

    <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %>
    <%= javascript_pack_tag 'application', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
  </head>

  <body>
    <%= render 'layouts/header' %>
    <div class='container'>
      <% flash.each do |message_type, message| %>
        <div class="alert alert-<%= message_type %>"><%= message %></div>
      <% end %>
      <%= yield %>
    </div>
  </body>
</html> < > html #layouts/_header.html.erb
<nav = > <div class="navbar-header">
      <%= link_to "Items", '#' %>
    </div> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
      <li><%= link_to "Sign up", signup_path %></li>
    </ul> < class "navbar mb-2" < = > div class "container-fluid" </ > div /nav> #views/items/home.html.erb
<div = > <br/> <p>
  <%= link_to "Sign up", signup_path, class: "btn btn-primary" %>
</div> class "text-center home" This is a simple guide on how to create session based authentication system < > h2 </ > h2 Please signup or login to test the app. < > p #views/shared/_error_messages.html.erb
<% @user.errors.any? %> <div class="alert alert-danger">
      The form contains <%= pluralize(@user.errors.count, "error") %>.
    </div> <ul>
    <% @user.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %>
      <li class='text-danger'><%= msg %></li>
    <% end %>
    </ul> <% end %> if < = > div id "error_explanation" </ > div #views/users/ .html.erb
<h1 = >Sign up< error_messages mb form-control mb form-control mb form-control mb form-control new class 'text-center' /h1>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4 offset-4">
    <%= form_with(model: @user, local: true) do |f| %>
      <%= render 'shared/ ' %>

      <%= f.label :name %>
      <%= f.text_field :name, class: ' -1 ' %>

      <%= f.label :email %>
      <%= f.email_field :email, class: ' -1 ' %>

      <%= f.label :password %>
      <%= f.password_field :password, class: ' -1 ' %>

      <%= f.label :password_confirmation, "Confirmation" %>
      <%= f.password_field :password_confirmation, class: ' -1 ' %>

      <%= f.submit "Create my account", class: "mt-2 btn btn-primary" %>
    <% end %>
  </div>
</div> #model/user.rb { self.email = email.downcase }
  validates :name, : VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = validates :email, : , : { : VALID_EMAIL_REGEX }, : { : }
  validates :password, : , : { : }
end < : class User ApplicationRecord has_many items has_secure_password before_save presence true /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i presence true format with uniqueness case_sensitive false presence true length minimum 6 #config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw root get , : resources :users
end do 'items#home' '/signup' to 'users#new' #views/users/show.html.erb
<div = > <h3 class='text-center'>
        <%= @user.name %>
      </h3> <h3 class='text-center'>
        <%= @user.email %>
      </h3> < class "row" < = > div class "offset-4 col-md-4" </ > div /div> Ok, good work. We have finished user creation. Let's continue by creating the sessions controller. rails generate controller Sessions Let's add the following routes: get , post , delete , #config/routes.rb '/login' to: 'sessions#new' '/login' to: 'sessions#create' '/logout' to: 'sessions#destroy' Let's add the login form in the 'new.html.erb' file. #views/sessions/ .html.erb
<h1 = >Log < div> new class 'text-center' in /h1>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6 offset-3">
    <%= form_with(url: login_path, scope: :session, local: true) do |f| %>

      <%= f.label :email %>
      <%= f.email_field :email, class: 'form-control' %>

      <%= f.label :password %>
      <%= f.password_field :password, class: 'form-control' %>

      <%= f.submit "Log in", class: " mt-2 btn btn-primary" %>
    <% end %>

  </ </ > div Let's now implement the sessions controller. This part will be our main focus. We will first add the methods in the sessions controller. Not all the methods will be defined here. Some will be defined in the sessions helper. We will import the sessions helper in the applications controller which will be extended by all controllers automatically. Let's do this step by step. Let's first add the new, create and destroy methods in the sessions controller. The new method will be used for displaying the form. The create method will create the session, and the destroy method will destroy or remove the session when the user logs out. Some of the methods are implemented in the sessions helper which we will create later. user = User.find_by( params[ ][ ].downcase) user && user.authenticate(params[ ][ ])
      log_in user
      redirect_back_or user flash.now[ ] = render log_out
    redirect_to root_url #sessions_controller.rb < ApplicationController class SessionsController def new end def create email: :session :email if :session :password else :danger 'Invalid email/password combination' 'new' end end def destroy end end Let's add the methods in the sessions helper. session[ ] = user.id session[ ]
      @current_user = User.find_by( session[ ]) !current_user. ? session.delete( )
    @current_user = user == current_user redirect_to(session[ ] default)
    session.delete( ) session[ ] = request.original_url request.get? #app/helpers/session_helper.rb module SessionsHelper def log_in (user) :user_id end def current_user if :user_id || id: :user_id end end def logged_in? nil end def log_out :user_id nil end def current_user? (user) end def redirect_back_or (default) :forwarding_url || :forwarding_url end def store_location :forwarding_url if end end The first method (log_in) accepts user and creates a session for the user. Rails makes this easy for us. The rails way of creating a session is just using ' '. This will create a session with the user_id. The current_user method will return the current user if there is one or if there is a session present. That means if a user is logged in, the current user will be the that user. The logged_in? method just return true or false based on whether there is a current user or not. The log_out method will log out the user by deleting the session and setting the current_user to nil. The current_user? method accepts user and returns true if it's the same with the current user or false otherwise. This can be useful to restrict a user from visiting other user's details. The next two methods are useful to redirect a non logged-in user to the first visited URL after logging in. session[:user_id] = user.id Then we will import the session helper in the application controller. That means methods like logged_in? or current_user will be available to all controllers. Let's do that. SessionsHelper

  private logged_in?
        store_location
        flash[ ] = redirect_to login_url #application_controller.rb include def logged_in_user unless :danger "Please log in." end end The private method will be used to store location and redirect to the login form. After the user logs in, the user will be redirected back to the URL they tried to visit. But now if we try it, a user can visit the anything without logging in. That's because we have to add this method to restrict users that are not logged in. Let's add the before_action filters in the users controller. before_action , [ ]
... #users_controller.rb < ApplicationController class UsersController :logged_in_user only: :show The before_action method will be implemented before the user accesses the show method. It will go first to the logged_in_user method before going to the show method. The logged_in_user will redirect back to login form if the user hasn't logged in. We can also add another methods to be filtered in the before_action declaration, but we don't want that. The user signup should be accessed by anyone because it doesn't require login. Now it asks you to login if you visit the user page (localhost:3000/users/:id). One bad thing is that if you signup, it will ask you to login. But it doesn't make sense to login again after signing up. Let's fix that by updating the create method in the users controller file and let's also add the login link at the top. I've added the updated _header.html.erb file. @user = User.new(user_params) @user.save
      log_in @user
      flash[ ] = redirect_to @user render #users_controller.rb def create if :success "Welcome to the app!" else 'new' end end #views/layouts/_header.html.erb
<nav = > <div class="navbar-header">
      <%= link_to "Items", root_path, class: "mx-2" %>
    </div> <ul class="nav navbar-right ">
        <li><%= link_to "Log out", logout_path, class: "mx-2", method: :delete %></li> 
      </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-right ">
        <li><%= link_to "Log in", login_path, class: "mx-2" %></li> 
        <li><%= link_to "Sign up", signup_path, class: "mx-2" %></li>
      </ul> < class "navbar mb-2" < = > div class "container-fluid" < ? %> % if logged_in < %> % else < %> % end </ > div /nav> Look at how we used the logged_in? method from sessions helper to identify if a user has logged in or not. So, we are done with our session. Let's finish this tutorial by adding the items controller. Items belong to a user. A user will have many items. Rails makes it easy in creating associations. #app/models/item.rb < : : , : class Item ApplicationRecord belongs_to user validates name presence true end before_action @item  = current_user.items.new @items = Item.all @item = current_user.items.build(item_params) @item.save
      flash[ ] = redirect_to @item render @item = current_user.items.find(params[ ]) @item = current_user.items.find(params[ ]) @item.update_attributes(item_params)
      flash[ ] = redirect_to @item render @item = current_user.items.find(params[ ]) @item 
      @item.destroy
      flash[ ] = flash[ ] = redirect_to root_path @item = Item.find(params[ ]) private params. ( ).permit( ) #items_controller.rb < ApplicationController class ItemsController :logged_in_user def home end def new end def index end def create if :success "Item has been created!" else 'new' end end def edit :id end def update :id if :success "Item updated" else 'edit' end end def destroy :id if :success "Item has been deleted" else :alert "Error" end end def show :id end def item_params require :item :name end end Ok, we have finished the controller for items. The views are going to be similar to the user views and I will leave it as an exercise for the reader to practice it. You can also add and admin user because right now everyone can delete items. You can make it so that you a user can only delete his or her own items only. Thanks for reading the article. Contact me if you encounter any issue through email, github, linkedIn, or twitter. The repository for this article can be found . here

Building a Simple Session Based Authentication using Ruby on Rails

Bootstrap 4 is a css framework that can be added to our rails application. First of all, let's start from the scratch and create a project that  we will be using in this project.  As usual create a Rail Project and name it what you want it to be $ (what you want it to be), in this article, i will be using - $ . Be sure to add the dependencies you need to add both to your and in your and run bundle install and bundle update respectively. Check this for more info. Bootstrap rails new preshy rails new preshy database.yml gemfile link Then run $ and after which you will run the command $ so as to properly have your database and table to be well created. We used  scaffold here because like you may already know scaffold is a Ruby on Rails command that houses the three main building blocks of rails - , and (MVC).  These would be automatically generated and added to our project. rails generate scaffold Article title:string description:text rails db:migrate Models Views Controllers Now let’s proceed to our and remove your and ’ and run the command $ and $ respectively. But if you do not have the above mentioned dependencies as i do not have it in my own , feel free to ignore the last steps above. We are removing the and gem from our gemfile because rails comes with the webpacker gem that combines the JS files into one. gemfile gem ‘bootstrap’ gem ‘jquery-rails bundle install bundle update gemfile gemfile bootstrap jquery We will achieve that by using .  Yarn works with webpacker and allows us to add different JavaScript libraries. so you can add yarn with as many JavaScript libraries you want to add separating them with a space. For this article we will be adding yarn with bootstrap jQuery and popper.js. yarn Yarn will have all the packages added, wrap them up and have them installed in our application. It would install and show us what version of the dependencies that we are working with. $ yarn add bootstrap jquery popper.js Alright let’s proceed to our vs code, then checkout in your application, go to the , open the folder and check on the file and then have these block of codes added in the file in between and . It should be written thus: config webpacker environment.js const { environment } = require('@rails/webpacker') module.exports = environment Next , we will go to our , inside this file, there are some automatically generated files by our rails 6 application. app -> javascript -> packs -> application.js application.js JQuery will not be required in the application.js environment since we have already added that in our environment.js. What we will need to add here is to import our bootstrap. This is done by simply adding import ‘bootstrap’ at the top of the generated syntax in that file by the rails application. Move to file and then rename the file to and then delete all the codes that are in the file and add . If you are having trouble running it this way then consider doing and you will be fine. app -> assets -> stylesheets -> application.css application.css application.scss @import ‘bootstrap/scss/bootstrap’ @import “~bootstrap/scss/bootstrap” With that said, we will check if our installation is working out good. Bring up the rails server with the command $ , then go to and grab any and bring it over to your application and move to the views and then in articles file (or whatever your scaffold is) go to the file and then paste it. In this article, we will be using the bootstrap modal. rails server bootstrap site framework index.html.erb Then in your browser, go to the (whatever the name of your scaffold is) and see. Then it brings up the bootstrap launch demo button which you have added to your application. I just added Bootstrap to the launch demo modal button. So it's working well! localhost3000/articles modal Bulma Now, talking about . This is an open source css framework based on flexbox. Bootstrap and Bulma can actually co-exist and we will go ahead and have it added to our rails application so we can have our required user experience. Bulma To get started, we need to go to the project we have been working on already and open our gem file so as to add bulma dependency. We would get that from the site, grab it and add it to your gem file and then run $ www.rubygems.org bundle install. As at the time this article was written, was used. gem  ‘bulma-rails’ ‘-> 0.9.0’ Then in your file, as you can see, no need to rename the file since it has been renamed already. So import bulma by typing app -> assets -> stylesheets -> application.scss application.scss @import "bulma/css/bulma.css"; Remember from our second paragraph, we have already generated our scaffold and also added our jquery using yarn. Now that we have added what we need to add for our bulma, there is a need for us to add some template elements at our rails wrapper file which is located at . app -> views -> layouts -> application.html.erb The wrapper file controls the view in our rails application. Bulma being a powerful responsive css framework that would allow your application to adjust based on the screen size, we will have to add this bulma viewport meta tag to our head tag in application.html.erb With the responsive meta tag added, we will add to our application by following the bulma navigation link indicated above and have it added at the top of your file before the tag from . bulma navigation index.html.erb <h1> app -> views -> articles -> index.html.erb The outcome should look like what we have below: In case you experienced some challenges bringing your application to work on the browser just like I did as a result of from file, go to and grab the gem and add it to your gemfile and run $ . turbolinks application.html.erb rubygems.org coffee-script-source bundle install Since you grabbed the gem from rubygems.org, there may not be any need to run $ since the gem you have is the latest version. Then finally change to bundle update <%= stylesheet_link_tag    'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> refresh the browser and it should work out fine. <%= stylesheet_link_tag    'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track' => true %> That is it! is a wonderful framework to work with but I think in recent times, most people prefer using because of its simplicity, responsiveness and the good user experience it offers to its users. Both frameworks can co-exist as we can see it from the image above. Bootstrap Bulma So it’s up to you to decide on which framework to work with. Thanks for stopping by and checking on this article. Hope you found it helpful. – a Full-Stack developer student in Microverse – a remote software development school based in California. You can view my , take a look at my repo, check me out on and follow me on . Kingsley McSimon Ogbonna Portfolio Github LinkedIn Twitter

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