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UPDATE (Oct. 24, 2023, 2:20 p.m. ET): The NHL on Tuesday reversed course and announced that it had lifted its ban on Pride Tape and other expressions of support for social causes by players. Who ...

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Dozens of local veterans shared details of their military service, both mundane and extreme, with hundreds of students at Frontier High School on Thursday.

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The NHL will not be using Pride Tape this season as the league continues to move away from special initiatives that caused issues among a small group of players — in particular Pride Nights.

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In the latest episode of The Ticker podcast, IR Magazine reporter Noemi Distefano speaks with Jessica McDougall, chair of corporate governance and engagement practice at Longacre Square Partners. McDougall, who has been a member of the Taskforce on Nature ...

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Morgan is a Philadelphia-based freelance contributor at InStyle and first joined the team in July of 2022. She covers all things fashion and beauty — from skincare to slip dresses.

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A 71-year-old Illinois man was charged Sunday with a hate crime, accused of fatally stabbing a young boy and seriously wounding a woman because of their Islamic faith and the Israel-Hamas war ...

Ticker – Chicago Hate Crime

I’m a part-time trader. I trade on stock markets, and recently, at the beginning of 2019, I've tried trading on crypto markets. People often think that the life of a trader is swimming for hours on end in money, but that is so far from the truth. Sometimes you lose money, sometimes you think that you should have found a better application for your time instead of staring at the screen for half a day. But I love trading and I'm profitable most of the time. When I started trading crypto, it was a little bit overwhelming because the crypto market is open 24/7. I've adapted since then, and I want to share with you all the little tricks that I've learned about trading crypto, and how I've optimized my trading to be in the green without being chained to the trading interface. Hopefully you'll find my experience useful and avoid the mistakes I made. Trader’s life: illusion vs. reality Being a trader, I don’t have a gold Rolex or a yacht. I don’t yell into my phone “SELL, SELL, SELL IT ALL RIGHT NOW, JOHNNY” as ticker tape streams from the ceiling behind me. Also, I live in a normal house, not under the shadows of palm trees with beautiful women sitting on my lap (my wife wouldn’t like that very much). Sorry to say, I don’t live the stereotype that so many people have about traders. In reality, when I actively trade, it's a boring activity, that requires a special, non-dramatic mindset: You have to wait for opportunities. You have to learn to be patient, because patience is the only way to win in the market. You trade against countless other trades, and the money that you win is always someone else’s money they are losing. Source: xkcd.com I spend a lot of my time watching the charts and price movement of various assets. I drink coffee to keep myself focused. Sometimes I go for a walk when I’m out of positions, but I often return to find, with great disappointment, that I’ve missed some good opportunities, and it’s already too late to enter. But my first lesson that I’ve learned by losing money was: you can’t afford to get distracted when you’re trading. The market can go the opposite direction, and you have to get out quick. If you don’t, it can be really bad for you. So I have to spend a lot of time in front of my screen during trading hours. You know, coffee and red eyes; the trader’s starter pack. Don’t forget the constant stress when you’re not winning. And all of this got even worse when I entered the crypto market. The cryptocurrency market: a non-stop rodeo For a day trader, the crypto market is a rollercoaster ride that never stops. You can get amused, or you can get nausea if you ride too much. It requires even more concentration, because it's open all hours of the day! It's basically a stock market on steroids. It took me some time to truly grasp that concept. The Toronto Stock Exchange is for 7.5 hours every weekday, from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., so I wasn't accustomed to trading the whole day and night. Everything I've told you about markets applies to crypto too; you still need to watch all market movements, but it's stretched around a 24-hour period. Every 8 hours some large part of the world wakes up and starts trading. Asia, USA, Europe - all of them can dump or pump the market, and you have to respect that. open If I have to compare the crypto market to the stock market, I would compare it to - it goes up and down with crazy swings, and if you trade with leverage (which I don't recommend) you'll get liquidated very quickly. I didn't lose all my money by liquidation, but I know traders who did. Thus, the second lesson I've learned on the market by observing other traders is to never trade on margins. It's even more punishing in the crypto market simply because you often see price moving 20% during the day, and your wins and losses are multiplied by that much. penny stocks Source: bullvestorbb.com Another thing that distinguishes crypto markets from the stock market is that it’s heavily based on trading patterns. Crypto doesn’t generate revenue, it doesn’t have quarterly reports to influence the price, so the most important thing is the trading patterns, and you have to watch out for them. It’s certainly not the most interesting thing in the world. At some point, I got really tired of trading that much, and I had to stop and reevaluate my approach to crypto. I wanted to live a life instead of stare at the screen. What options I had and what did I choose In my situation, I had three options: To become a 24/7 trader To put my money into a fund Use trading bots The first option didn't suit me at all, as you probably understand. I wasn't feeling any delight from trading every waking hour of the day. The second option was potentially dangerous for the safety of my funds, as only the trading gods know what can happen when you don’t have control over your money. Crypto is a very young industry, so it doesn’t have any established industry standards yet and I’m not ready to trust my money to any other person. That left me with only one option: trading bots. I wasn't familiar with trading bots before, so I tried a few of them; , , , , , . By reading the reviews, I guessed these were the most popular bots among crypto traders, and after much deliberation I finally made my choice. To this day, I still use TradeSanta. TradeSanta Shrimpy CryptoTrader CryptoHopper 3Commas Levidge You make money and you save time Lesson number three: my time is valuable too. I didn't want to spend it on such things as watching charts all day, every day, so I configured a trading bot that now trades according to its predetermined strategy; finding certain patterns, buying, and selling when necessary. My choice of TradeSanta was dictated by obvious reasons; I wanted a simple interface and an easy configuration. I'm no novice, but I love simplicity: You don't have to install TradeSanta on your computer, it's cloud-based and you can check on it from a mobile phone. It doesn't need your private keys, as it connects directly to an exchange of your choice, and sends commands to the exchange according to your configuration. Remember, I'm not ready to trust my money to anyone. It follows the trading signals. After seeing an opportunity on the chart, it opens and closes the deal. The whole process can take only a few seconds, much faster than any human interaction on a laggy interface. That's how it makes money (for me!). Source: tradesanta.com The initial configuration isn't very complicated either. You set the parameters, choose the long and short strategy, and choose the trading pair. You can also choose the amount of extra orders (the orders to be executed if the price goes in the wrong direction). After that setup you choose the exchange you want to connect it to. Currently, you can choose from Bitfinex, Bittrex, HitBTC, Binance, and several others. BitMEX, OKEX, and Huobi are promised to be added in the future. Most importantly, it doesn't cost a fortune but it puts money in my pocket. I use a paid plan, but if you're a small-time trader, you can use the , which gives you access to five bots. free plan Fifteen dollars per month isn’t an expensive price to pay for all the help that I get from this bot. Which is precisely why I will continue using it in the future. For anyone who’s interested in using it, I would recommend starting from small volumes and expand if you find it comfortable. Do you have to follow my advice? Not at all! But remember: the crypto market is a place where you can make a lot of money with its high volatility, but the market is just that… volatile. In exchange for all these profits, though, you have to sacrifice all your free time, wake up at night to check your positions, or outsource it to a trading bot, like I did. Trading bots are trading tools, and there's nothing wrong with using one. Who would blame software that can make money 24/7 even when you’re asleep, when you're at work, or while you're out on the town spending some of that money? Not me. As a trader, I’m just getting started.

3 Lessons I Learned while Trading on the 24/7 Crypto Market

We are currently standing at the helm of the fourth revolution, where advances in computing power and lower costs of computing has enabled us to apply natural language processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning and neural networks to seemingly mundane tasks. Though our previous generations were instrumental in developing efficiencies in established processes, technologies of today go much beyond – offering an opportunity to augment these in new ways, and not simply eradicate established methods of managing wealth. These opportunities for wealth management are genuinely path breaking. Where did it start and where we are now To give a brief reminder, there have been four industrial revolutions till date that have been instrumental in shaping the way wealth management functions today. These revolutions have primarily witnessed the rise of mechanical power, the advent of electricity and communications, the digital age and an era that builds and extends the impact of digitization in new and unanticipated ways. Though technological advances have been a constant in the financial services market, the way wealth management have evolved to these changes can give us a sufficient estimate of where and what the future lies in. When it comes to wealth management, the early 20th century era witnessed the hand delivery of documentation; the mechanization of those hand-to-hand processes and the development of computing solutions – all in a gradual manner. That initially involved the old ‘coffee-house’ method of investment, involving exchange of handwritten company documents, which later developed into the old stock exchange trading floor, complete with jobbers and runners to distribute the news. Much later, the use of ticker-tape machines to send information across huge distances was made possible by laying telegraphic cables across the world, providing a new richness and depth of information for investors. When computer networks began replacing the ticker-tape machines in the late 1960s, gathering information from price sources around the world was made much easier. This was followed by the development of the internet and online retail brokerage systems, democratizing access to data about companies and other investment opportunities perhaps much more significantly. A lot of the information previously prized by wealth managers as sources of insight was now available to the investing public at the click of a mouse. In this gradual progress of wealth management and its processes, what has also changed significantly is the value proposition it has, since merely having a stock price or news, analyzing the data and acting on that analysis or even obtaining the crucial data quickly to make wealth management decisions is no longer sufficient. We are now entering a new era with more complexities (and hopefully much better opportunities) for wealthmanagement and need to have more awareness about new ways and techniques to manage wealth than ever. What is wealth management and why do you need it more than ever? The practice of wealth management basically involves finding ways to protect and build wealth in order to pass it down the generations. As this wealth grows, and as clients’ family trees grow new branches, the number of clients expands exponentially. Given the above and cross referencing with the average aging rate in Asia which is set to rise to more than 25% or 1.3 billion people by 2050, we are currently at the tipping point of the ‘greatest wealth transfer’ in the history. A flow of wealth and assets from parents to their children therefore puts wealth management at a crucial position in terms of generating value, but also requires the firms to understand the risk tolerance of the customers, how they choose to invest and how they prefer to communicate. Whereas, for advisors the risk is that, without proper succession planning, customers may switch wealth management firms – or wealth models altogether. Hence the need for wealth management firms is to leverage technology to achieve the necessary scale. So what does the future look like? The good news is that the expectations of the coming generations are very different. Let us look at what drives disruption in the wealth management industry and what can we learn from them about new technologies: : Customers today are more adapt to new technologies, using mobile apps and social media to interact with companies or search for information 24/7. Used to transacting with retailers and other financial services online, clients increasingly expect their wealth managers to provide a seamless customer experience, where they can interact via their preferred channel or device. With the generational change, trillions of dollars of wealth will soon be transferred to a new generation of wealth management clients – with new, digital preferences. Changing customer profile This is often an area of frustration for customers, due to the high number of risk-related questions and repeated conversations required to set up an account. New entrants are solving these issues by using customer and behavioural data and gamification techniques to automatically identify the risk profile of clients, the loss acceptance levels, and to capture information as part of new regulatory requirements. Incumbents should keep up by exploring opportunities for cloud-based utilities to perform risk functions such as KYC, anti-money laundering (AML) and surveillance monitoring extremely cost-effectively. Client onboarding: Recent advice scandals have put the wealth management industry under unprecedented regulatory scrutiny, resulting in new costs and complexities that have seen international wealth managers closing or selling their businesses. This may have the potential to affect the existing operating model of wealth management by putting the emphasis less on product push and more on holistic financial planning and advisory. Wealth managers relying on legacy systems will not be able to handle the volume of regulatory change coming down the pipe. Demand for transparency: Opportunities for blockchain and advanced technologies Robotics and artificial intelligence, are transforming the user experience and service quality, while greatly reducing operating costs. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) provides a more radical option, replacing existing architecture, increasing transparency and reducing costs. The most well-known example of this technology is blockchain, a technology that allows multiple parties to share data in a trusted environment, creating a single source of truth. Blockchain allows all parties to access the record, instead of centralizing those records with a single entity. Many new areas for the use of blockchain are starting to be explored, such as sharing know your client (KYC) data, fund transfer agency and trade finance. Other technologies like Robotic process automation (RPA) is particularly useful, as it can be implemented on top of legacy systems, enabling transformation programs to be completed in weeks – not months. RPA uses software "bots" performing rule-based, high-volume, repetitive tasks on a computer. The bots perform just as a human would, except substantially faster, with 100% accuracy and no breaks, leading to more than 70% productivity improvements over paper-based, manual processes. To date, the wealth management industry has been slow to embrace this technology. However, some exciting use cases can be seen emerging, including automated client onboarding and using chat robots to support basic account enquiries such as finding the latest discounts and reporting lost cards. Younger generations prefer to be self-directed investors, who can call on expert advice if needed. They will be significantly more comfortable with robo-trading than older generations. Connecting Market Data and Client Data Because of the reasons mentioned above, new and emerging technologies such as blockchain, The amount of information, data and news that is generated and delivered daily is massive – and increasing. As technology becomes more prevalent in our lives, so does the amount of data generated, either intentionally or as a by-product. In the financial services industry, our traditional definition of data has usually included asset prices, earnings data, news and the like. However, data from other sources can now be brought together, with the advent of greater computing power to provide a much richer view of the world and the investment opportunities it affords. Whether it is sensor data from a factory line, or sentiment sensed by a chatbot or in a tweet, the world of useful data is exploding. This access to data and the advent of greater computing capacity, place the burden on the wealth manager to recognize the most relevant information and to filter out the noise. This is where cognitive computing can assist. Tools such as intelligent tags, entity identifiers and other tools help to clean and process data to ensure that powerful algorithms deliver insights to investors. As the potential client base grows, wealth managers can also collaborate to provide a wider range of services to attract and retain potential clients. Collaborating with others, to combine data to yield new insights for investors, is an enormously attractive option for potential clients. Future investors will be looking for opportunities In blockchain development company beyond conventional investment strategies and be aware of the data, news and events that generate investment opportunities. The successful wealth managers will be the ones who can demonstrate that they have access to all of that information as well, combined with the capability to use it to drive investment solutions.

The Future of Augmented Investment Management Industry: Will Blockchain and Technological Innovation

or, the importance of knowing the difference between confidence and arrogance Just as I was not always this infuriatingly handsome, nor this immaculate a gentleman, so too was I not always this polished an editor and writer. When I try, which is exceedingly rare these days, I’m the greatest this generation has ever read, the self-styled Millennial F. Scott Fitzgerald. 1. My body of work on speaks for itself. Medium 2. hasn’t even dropped yet, and has 18,350+ pre-order email signups. Brown Grass 3. It isn’t bragging if it’s true. These numbered facts, while worth mention, are all more or less besides the point. My first essay was assigned during the second month of sixth grade. I missed the first month due to my parents’ ingenious idea to suddenly transfer me from my beloved magnet program, The Academy for the Intellectually Gifted at the Mamie Faye School ( ), to the godforsaken herpes sore that was my zoned junior high school, IS 230Q, because its pilot class coincided with the start of my junior high school journey and it was located literally across the street from our building. PS 122Q apartment My beloved darling angel mother’s favorite hobby quickly became watching me go to and from school from our home’s fourth floor window, since it faced the middle school monstrosity’s facade. Fun fact: it used to be an abandoned psych ward. I kid you not. Feel free to look it up. building During the span of this first month, I dearly missed all 30 or so of my fourth and fifth grade classmates, quickly lost most of whatever prodigious genius I once possessed, and learned the metric system all over again, because that’s what Gotham’s Board (now Department) of Education expects from and insults its sixth graders’ capabilities with. Somehow, I found myself taking Italian instead of the familiar Spanish I studied for the previous two years. I found myself grossly disgusted by not only my male peers, but all the girls too. How was I supposed to get through junior high without a single crush?! It was hell. The only saving grace was the lunch. I can’t, in good conscience, do either of two things: reward failure; and, more importantly, insult good food. The first day, I gorged on cherry tomatoes and mozzarella balls. It was also heaven, in this minor, singular way. Somehow, my daily and nightly pleading with my parents to reverse their admissions apocalypse found its way into meeting their empathy, and eventually I was back at the Academy. The day I returned, I was the most popular human being to have ever walked the face of God’s green earth. It was like my very own ticker tape parade. Instead of kissing adoring supporters’ babies, I got a kiss on the cheek from a new classmate I didn’t even know I had. Turns out there weren’t 30 of us anymore. 64, but who’s counting? That day was the origin of the constant chorus of my life, a haunting refrain I’ll clue you in on now: Farooq, Farooq, Farooq is on fire. How I burnt and blazed. It wouldn’t last. It never does. Now mind you, I had gone through a massive dumb down, like when Homer Simpson asked Moe the bartender to reinsert the crayon into his brain. Naturally, this didn’t occur to me, so when I learned my new, meaning old, meaning novel, meaning original, sixth grade magnet English class was reading Mark Twain’s classic The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), I thought nothing of it. I didn’t bother to catch up, and kept hearing the word essay, without bated breath or sweaty brow. Okay, enough foreplay and prologue. I wrote my first essay in the form of a first person stand-up comedy routine. My essay, though lost to the annals of corrupted Windows 2000 Compaq hard drives, contained the clause: “without further ado, how about that Huckleberry Finn?” It included several smiley faces, back when emoji were known as emoticons. That’s not even the worst part. Now, you won’t believe me, most likely. So I need to preface this with a solemn oath: I swear to God, on the memory of my deceased dearly departed friends and family, my mother’s name, and everything I hold near and dear: This essay was written and printed in… COMIC SANS. Mrs. Dinstein graded it a “C”. When I received my hard copy, it was covered in red ink. It looked like a crime scene. It included the note: “see me”. She asked me if it was a joke. To save face, and hide my horror, I lied and said it was inspired by my interpretation of what Tom Sawyer would have done in the year 2000. She thought it was genius, and told me to write a serious essay. I decided to undo the dumb down, and proceeded to study all of what Microsoft Encarta — the OG Wikipedia — had to offer regarding Mark Twain, Bildungsroman, and several other topics and themes I read and sutured together to resemble some semblance of literary critique. I got an A. By the time I graduated from The Academy, I had a 98.3% eighth grade GPA, and had earned a seat at Stuyvesant High School, one of 710 amongst a test pool of ~30,000. Dumb down diverted. The best part: six years after this essay, I scored a perfect 800 on my SAT verbal, and scored a perfect essay on the new SAT writing section. I told you. I’m the greatest this generation has ever read. See you at the Barnes & Noble meet and greet. August 2017. 4 years strong. CALLS TO ACTION 1. Clap/applaud this story. It helps others see it, tells me my work is worth writing, reading and recommending, and makes me feel validated and fuzzy, because honestly, whose cold, dead heart isn’t instantly thawed and revived by the dizzying dopamine of notifications? Like, share, retweet, lather, rinse, repeat. Also, the doctors say if I don’t feel fuzzy, I’ll die, due to a rare deficiency in social currency triggered whenever my Klout score drops below 70. It’s 63 right now. Do you want me to die?! Didn’t think so. 2. Share this story: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, email, etc. 3. Connect with me: , , , , , , , , and . (I think that’s all of them!) ! (fzafar1@gmail.com is my real personal email address.) Call or text if you want. (917) 982–3849. (Real digits. Don’t believe me? Call/text me now.) I’m always happy to make new friends, listen, support, and be helpful in any way I can. , duh! :) Medium Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Instagram Snapchat Product Hunt AngelList Quora Quibb Write me via email too That’s why I’m Medium’s resident cheerleader 4. . . Read my writing Join my mailing list Champion future work: consider a contribution for my intellectual labor.

I’m the Millennial F. Scott Fitzgerald.

I recently made a bet with my brother that by the year 2036 we will have more meaningful relationships with than with humans. And frankly it will probably happen a lot sooner than that. software PART TWO | Talking to Computers This will likely be reality within 20 years because of trends in communication . We have been progressing this way, if unknowingly, for quite some time. In many respects, new technologies have always served the same purpose: to save time. Communication technologies are just one example. technology New technologies are invented to save us time. Farming allowed us to grow food in one location so we didn’t have to keep moving in order to scavenge for more food, which saved time. The automobile allowed us to get from point A to point B faster than a horse, which saved time. The washing machine and dryer allowed us to clean clothing with far less manual intervention, which saved time. But instead of a laundry list 👗👔 (pun intended), let’s do a deep dive into a specific sector. Because the saying is most literally true in the stock market and our relationship with software has revolutionized the industry, we’ll look at that. time is money Investors Business Daily When time is money In the stock market efficiency is vital and time is quite literally money. Today, millions can be made and lost in less than a second with . But it wasn’t always that way. When Wall St. began — to vastly simplify — trading depended on how quickly two members could reach a deal by shouting at one another from across the floor of the stock exchange. This method of communication obviously limited the number of people who could participate, so the stock market began leveraging ticker tape and telephones. Now anyone across the country with access to a ticker tape machine could see real-time market valuations. Then in a matter of seconds anyone could call their broker on the floor and expect to have a trade executed that day. This technological leap offered massive efficiency gains. high-frequency trading near Fast forward to present-day and the common investor has a plethora of choices from online trading applications to , which have streamlined the process even further. The evolution of the stock market provides a nice vantage point to view the introduction and democratization of communication especially in terms of software. And while the industries are vastly different, the fundamental idea here is the same as ordering pizza: . robo-investors efficiency _Talking to Computers > Talking to Humans_hackernoon.com Why Chatbots Should Order us Pizza 🍕 Improvements in communication are all about giving us back time. And computers are just more efficient communicators than people ever could be. This is why communication whether for business or socializing has been disrupted by software and this trend is only going to increase. But the software isn’t perfect yet. One major roadblock at present is software’s lack of conversational nuance. While this is frustrating right now, software’s understanding of nuance is continuously improving thanks to machine learning. And it is important to note that even the most intelligent people don’t always have the best judgment when communicating either… _Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has apologized after inserting a smiling cartoon likeness of himself into images of…_nypost.com Zuckerberg sorry for tone-deaf Puerto Rico VR presentation But regardless of human deficiencies, creating more ‘human-like’ chatbots and conversations is a major hurdle for being accepted by everyday people. Becoming a member of the family Devices such as the Amazon Echo or Google Home are some of the first attempts at bridging the computer to human gap with personalized software assistants. Their job is to get the public comfortable with this new level of tech invasiveness. Because of these innovations, talking with robots is becoming more natural and accepted. As these technologies proliferate, we will get to a point when we won’t be able to find a speaker without . In fact, we are not to far away from when these AI-personal assistants will feel like members of the family, a smart assistant built in which of course will save us time.

Technology Only Exists to Save Us Time

As a beginner programmer, you often hear advice to test your code. It’s good advice—let’s look at how you can start doing it! What are unit tests? Tests are a way to explicitly set expectations about code. You establish them to allow the machine to check whether your code meets the expectations. It’s a program that verifies your program. Usually, in JavaScript projects, you’ll use some testing library, such as: Jest, Jasmine, or Chai But those are just tools. What matters is that you have some way of automatically validating your application. How unit tests help you There are four ways writing tests will make your coding life easier: It’s a fast and reliable way of checking whether the code works as expected. You don’t have to think about edge cases to have all of them covered by unit tests. Good test coverage is a safety net that allows you to refactor code with more courage. Thus, you’re more likely to take the necessary steps to keep your codebase in good shape. Writing tests forces you to think about units—and how the responsibility should be spent between them, making your code more modular and easier to maintain. unit Unit tests can make you a faster coder. At first, you have to invest time in creating the test case, but once it’s ready, you can rerun it very cheaply. The investment can pay dividends even during the initial development. Build up scaffolding Before testing functionality, make sure you can test . Install the testing library and set up your testing script. Once you have something running, you can start setting up scaffolding for some of your tests. You need to decide on a naming convention. For example, if your code is , your testing code can be sitting in . anything my-project/plane-ticket.js my-project/plane-ticket.spec.js Build everything needed to test a given class, and then check some trivial aspects: if an object is an object, or if a function is a function In this way, you will prove that you can test things. Set up mocking Mocks are objects created to replace dependencies of the unit you are testing. For example, if you test the function, you will want to intercept the HTTP request before the function sends it. You will want to find what your function uses for sending the request and replace it with a mock. Mocking should be easy if you build your code using a dependency injection pattern. saveBlogPost Keep a structure As you can see, a lot is going on in each test. You can distinguish three main phases: Setting up mocks Running code you want to check Check expectations Keeping this separation in your code makes sense; it will be easier to read this way. An easy way of organizing it is to group all lines together and maybe add a comment saying which part it is. Test-driven development Test-driven development is a common approach to creating nice code with good test coverage. You start with adding a test for a function before there is an implementation for it. You run tests, and it should fail—if not, there is something seriously wrong and you need to investigate it. The tests fail, and you add the missing implementation to the code. Again, the expectation is that this alone will fix the failure. If all goes well, you invest a bit of time in improving your solution—on both the code and test side, without changing the logic. This way allows you to quickly in creating the code and its tests. iterate If you follow this practice, you should never miss any tests for your logic. There is no temptation to skip writing tests—a common issue when you leave writing tests at the end of your sprint. Counter-recommendation To lead, you have to know where you are going. Ignore the tests for a while if you need to explore what solutions are doable. Once you have your path clear, you can either add tests or approach the problem again in a test-driven way. Missing tests If you are unlucky, you might be working with legacy code without tests and any other quality-related measures—something like . In such a case, it’s still better late than never; you can start writing tests as you work on the codebase. In this way, you will be improving the situation for the future, and maybe you will find some nasty bugs hidden in some rare edge cases. I describe here How about you? How difficult do you find learning how to test? I’ve seen complaints online from people who struggle to find good resources for it. Let me know what experiences you have had so far.

Test-driven Development: How to Write Unit Tests

, I compared the performance and memory profiles of a benchmark application written in AngularJS, / and React/Mobx. It’s quite obvious from the metrics that React with Redux or Mobx gives significant performance gains compared to AngularJS. In this post, I will go over the core concepts, benefits and gotchas with both the libraries. In my earlier post React Redux All the below code snippets are from the ticker dashboard application from my earlier post. Redux Redux flow diagram Core Concepts http://redux.js.org/docs/introduction/ThreePrinciples.html Single source of truth (UI State Tree) The of your whole application is stored in an object tree within a single . state store Here is the UI state tree for the stock ticker dashboard application. UI State tree Actions The only way to change the state is to emit an , an object describing what happened. action Action creator is a function returning the action object. In the below example, each Action is represented with a ‘type’ and ‘payload’. Action Creators Reducers To specify how the state tree is transformed by actions, you write pure . reducers Reducers are pure functions that modify the state in immutable way (returns new objects instead of mutating the object). Reducers shouldn’t cause side effects like making external api calls, triggering route changes. Reducers If we design the action interfaces to have a common property (‘ in this example), we can leverage to get type checking as well as the intellisense support in each case statement. type’ TypeScript’s discriminated unions Connected and Pure (Presentational) UI Components _Technically you could write the container components by hand using store.subscribe() . We don't advise you to do this…_redux.js.org Usage with React · Redux React-Redux library provides a Higher order React component which automatically listens for events. When an action is dispatched to the store, Redux will notify the state changed event to all subscribers. All “React-Redux” connected components are subscribers to the Redux store and every connected component’s method is executed with every state change. This method helps you to slice the UI state tree and pick the data needed for the specific component tree. store.subscribe(listener) mapStateToProps Pure components are normal React components. They read data from props to render and execute the callbacks sent via props. They are not aware of Redux or UI state tree. Here is how the component hierarchy would look: Connected Components And Pure Components Here is an example of the connected component. TickerTile component renders stock ticker details (ticker, company name, price, sma, volume etc) and depends on the tickerData as a prop. The parent component just sends the tickerId (e.g. MSFT) as prop (termed as ). The Higher Order connect component takes mapStateToProps mapper function which takes the tickerId and returns tickerData from UI state’s tickerHash and tickerId. ownprops TickerTile React-Redux Connected Component Here is an example of the pure component: Pure Component Pros Everything with Redux is very explicit without any magic. React’s deterministic state changes and view renders are great for testability and easy to debug any issues. Redux patterns force developers to think hard on the schema of the UI state tree. Patterns will be consistent across the codebase (at the cost of verboseness). UI would simply become the representation of the state tree. Changes to the State tree can be easily traced/monitored as the actions play out. Great Documentation and excellent community support. Few things to watch out for Designing UI State tree and try to keep it as flat as possible (instead of deeply nested structures). At times, deciding whether a property should go into the UI state or not can be confusing. Using local component state is fine as long as other parts of the application do not care about it. Make sure your UI state tree is normalized https://twitter.com/dan_abramov/status/727278011591045122 Helpful links: http://redux.js.org/docs/faq/OrganizingState.html#do-i-have-to-put-all-my-state-into-redux-should-i-ever-use-reacts-setstate https://spin.atomicobject.com/2017/06/07/react-state-vs-redux-state/ method of all connected components will be executed with every event of the Redux store. Optimizing this method is one of the critical steps to get optimal performance in complex applications. If you need to execute expensive operations like deriving computed data from the normalized state tree, use Redux reselect library. It memoizes the result and skips recalculating unless input references change (there is a if you’re trying to reuse the selectors in multiple components). Connected Components (containers) mapStateToProps state changed gotcha If there are minimal connected components, props need to be propagated several levels down of the component hierarchy which is clearly not ideal in the large applications. Redux used to recommend connecting few components to the Redux store. Now, the recommendation is to use as many as you need. In the stock ticker dashboard application from my previous post, In the updates test scenario, with 1500 tickerTile (connected) components in the view, Redux refreshed the price/volume changes within 6ms. These two PRs (authored by , creator of Redux) achieved substantial performance gains by connecting several components to Redux store and by optimizing . Dan Abramov mapStateToProps Redux vs mobx — https://github.com/mweststrate/redux-todomvc/pull/1 PixelPaint — https://github.com/dtinth/pixelpaint/pull/1 Helpful Link(s): S ingle connection vs many connections **Batch dispatch calls**Anytime Redux’s dispatch method is called with an action, Redux executes all reducers, updates the state and notifies all the subscribers synchronously. React-Redux will then trigger on all the connected components. mapDispathToProps If you’re updating different sections of the state tree through multiple actions at the same time, try to batch them to trigger only one notification. Helpful Links: https://github.com/markerikson/redux-ecosystem-links/blob/master/store.md#store-change-subscriptions https://github.com/reactjs/redux/issues/2108 http://blog.isquaredsoftware.com/2017/01/idiomatic-redux-thoughts-on-thunks-sagas-abstraction-and-reusability/#multiple-dispatching **Redux Libraries**Redux is a tiny state management library (with minimal API) which acts as a building block for the higher level constructs. You need to bring in a lot of libraries to put together any real world application. It might be overwhelming at first (esp. for folks coming from AngularJS) but most of these libraries are small and come with good documentation. https://github.com/reactjs/reselecthttps://github.com/paularmstrong/normalizrhttps://github.com/omnidan/redux-ignorehttps://github.com/gaearon/redux-thunkhttps://github.com/evgenyrodionov/redux-loggerhttps://github.com/tshelburne/redux-batched-actionshttps://github.com/tappleby/redux-batched-subscribe **Functional Programming**Redux uses several functional programming patterns (currying, higher order functions, composition etc.). The patterns and code might look strange for folks coming from object oriented design background. But Redux comes with a great documentation and there are a ton of great articles/videos out there to gain familiarity with the patterns. Mobx From, https://mobx.js.org/ Both React and MobX provide very optimal and unique solutions to common problems in application development. React provides mechanisms to optimally render UI by using a virtual DOM that reduces the number of costly DOM mutations. MobX provides mechanisms to optimally synchronize application state with your React components by using a reactive virtual dependency state graph that is only updated when strictly needed and is never stale. Mobx flow diagram (source: ) https://mobx.js.org/ Core Concepts https://mobx.js.org/intro/concepts.html Observable State MobX adds observable capabilities to existing data structures like objects, arrays and class instances. Observable State Derivations that can be derived from the without any further interaction is a derivation (user interface, computed values). Anything state User interface derivation OR /* a function that observes the state */autorun(function() {    console.log("Total Tickers",        tickerDataModel.getAllTickers().length    );}); Actions F : rom Mobx’s concepts Actions are functions that state. modify All are updated and when the changes. As a result, it is never possible to observe intermediate values. Derivations automatically atomically state All are updated by default. This means that, for example, can safely inspect a computed value directly after altering the . Derivations synchronously actions state Actions in Mobx Pros A lot less mental overhead (no need to normalize state, no single ui tree, no reducers, no optimizing mapStateToProps, no connected components). Developer velocity and productivity. You can very quickly put together decent sized applications with Mobx and the code also scales well within the large teams. Porting services/view models from AngularJS application would be straight forward. Mobx with React is blazingly fast in scenarios cut out for it. During the updates test scenario ( ), Mobx refreshed price/volume changes with-in 2ms (with 1500 tickers on the page). from my earlier post Few things to watch out for Mobx automatically runs all derivations (updating views, updating computed properties) whenever the state changes. It internally manages the dependency state graph. Its implicit nature of updates feels like magic. This may become problematic in large applications where you might prefer more control. (just my opinion, I may be wrong). , so the external libraries (like lodash) won’t be able to detect Observable arrays correctly. You need to convert to regular Array by calling observable.toJS() or observable.slice(). Observable arrays inherit from Object instead of Array Mobx had higher memory footprint than Redux in some of my test scenarios. This may not be a big deal for most of the applications but please test out your specific scenarios. For promises, and derivations will be triggered for every callback handler. every callback handler needs to wrapped with @action Mobx synchronously triggers derivations whenever an observable property is changed, this can cause performance bottlenecks. right from the beginning helps with this issue. Enforcing strict mode Helpful links: https://medium.com/@mweststrate/becoming-fully-reactive-an-in-depth-explanation-of-mobservable-55995262a254 https://mobx.js.org/best/pitfalls.html Thanks for reading. P.S. Thanks to for reviewing this article. Shyam Arjarapu

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