Taltrics

taltrics

The startup ecosystem is often portrayed as a vibrant landscape of innovation and opportunity, yet beneath the surface lies a complex web of misleading tactics that can undermine both startups and venture capitalists (VCs). As the industry evolves, it’s crucial to confront the theatrical and populistic attitudes that dominate pitch presentations and investment decisions. This article aims to shed light on these dynamics, fostering a more authentic relationship between startups and VCs. 🎭Theatrical Presentations: Style Over Substance Pitch competitions have become synonymous with startup funding, but they often resemble theatrical performances more than genuine business evaluations. Founders are pressured to deliver captivating narratives, focusing on storytelling rather than the viability of their business models. This emphasis on performance can lead to: Crowd InfluenceJust as populism sways public opinion, an audience's enthusiasm can unduly influence VCs to invest based on perceived popularity rather than critical assessment. This bandwagon effect can result in funding decisions that prioritize hype over substance. Judging CriteriaMany competitions reward presentation skills over rigorous financial analysis. This skewed focus can mislead investors into backing startups needing sustainable business practices or a clear path to profitability. 💰The Financial Focus of VCs While VCs play a crucial role in funding innovation, their approach often prioritizes financial returns over the purpose of startups. This can manifest in several ways: High Return ExpectationsVCs typically seek substantial returns, overshadowing a startup's original mission. The pressure to scale rapidly may lead to unsustainable growth strategies that compromise long-term viability. Power Law DynamicsThe venture capital model operates under a power law, where a few successful investments generate the most returns. This encourages VCs to spread their bets across many startups, leading to a mindset where individual missions are secondary to overall portfolio performance. 🧨The Risk of Overvaluation and Misaligned Interests The excitement generated during pitch events can lead to inflated valuations for startups that lack solid foundations. VCs may be swayed by the energy in the room rather than conducting thorough due diligence, resulting in: OvervaluationStartups may receive funding based on charisma rather than sound business practices, perpetuating investment cycles in companies that fail to deliver on their promises. Dilution of VisionAs VCs influence startups, there is a risk that founders will alter their original missions to align with investor expectations. This dilution can alienate key stakeholders and disrupt the startup’s core purpose. 📣A Call for Authenticity and Collaboration To disrupt the current landscape, both startups and VCs must embrace authenticity and collaboration: Emphasize SubstanceStartups should prioritize clear communication about their business models and market strategies over theatrical presentations. Investors must look beyond charisma and focus on the fundamentals driving long-term success. Align InterestsFounders and VCs should work together to ensure that investment strategies align with the startup’s mission. Open dialogue about expectations can help bridge the gap between financial goals and entrepreneurial vision. Foster Meaningful ConnectionsInstead of merely networking for funding opportunities, both parties should engage in deeper conversations about business strategy and growth potential. Building relationships based on trust and shared values can lead to more informed investment decisions. Conclusion The startup investment landscape is ripe for disruption. By confronting misleading tactics rooted in theatricality and populism, we can foster a more authentic relationship between startups and venture capitalists. Emphasizing substance over style, aligning interests, and encouraging meaningful dialogue will pave the way for sustainable growth and innovation in the industry. It’s time for both sides to move beyond performance-driven narratives and focus on what truly matters: building successful businesses grounded in purpose and integrity. The startup ecosystem is often portrayed as a vibrant landscape of innovation and opportunity, yet beneath the surface lies a complex web of misleading tactics that can undermine both startups and venture capitalists (VCs). As the industry evolves, it’s crucial to confront the theatrical and populistic attitudes that dominate pitch presentations and investment decisions. This article aims to shed light on these dynamics, fostering a more authentic relationship between startups and VCs. 🎭Theatrical Presentations: Style Over Substance Pitch competitions have become synonymous with startup funding, but they often resemble theatrical performances more than genuine business evaluations. Founders are pressured to deliver captivating narratives, focusing on storytelling rather than the viability of their business models. This emphasis on performance can lead to: Crowd InfluenceJust as populism sways public opinion, an audience's enthusiasm can unduly influence VCs to invest based on perceived popularity rather than critical assessment. This bandwagon effect can result in funding decisions that prioritize hype over substance. Crowd Influence Just as populism sways public opinion, an audience's enthusiasm can unduly influence VCs to invest based on perceived popularity rather than critical assessment. This bandwagon effect can result in funding decisions that prioritize hype over substance. Judging CriteriaMany competitions reward presentation skills over rigorous financial analysis. This skewed focus can mislead investors into backing startups needing sustainable business practices or a clear path to profitability. Judging Criteria Many competitions reward presentation skills over rigorous financial analysis. This skewed focus can mislead investors into backing startups needing sustainable business practices or a clear path to profitability. 💰The Financial Focus of VCs While VCs play a crucial role in funding innovation, their approach often prioritizes financial returns over the purpose of startups. This can manifest in several ways: High Return ExpectationsVCs typically seek substantial returns, overshadowing a startup's original mission. The pressure to scale rapidly may lead to unsustainable growth strategies that compromise long-term viability. High Return Expectations VCs typically seek substantial returns, overshadowing a startup's original mission. The pressure to scale rapidly may lead to unsustainable growth strategies that compromise long-term viability. Power Law DynamicsThe venture capital model operates under a power law, where a few successful investments generate the most returns. This encourages VCs to spread their bets across many startups, leading to a mindset where individual missions are secondary to overall portfolio performance. Power Law Dynamics The venture capital model operates under a power law, where a few successful investments generate the most returns. This encourages VCs to spread their bets across many startups, leading to a mindset where individual missions are secondary to overall portfolio performance. 🧨The Risk of Overvaluation and Misaligned Interests The excitement generated during pitch events can lead to inflated valuations for startups that lack solid foundations. VCs may be swayed by the energy in the room rather than conducting thorough due diligence, resulting in: OvervaluationStartups may receive funding based on charisma rather than sound business practices, perpetuating investment cycles in companies that fail to deliver on their promises. Overvaluation Startups may receive funding based on charisma rather than sound business practices, perpetuating investment cycles in companies that fail to deliver on their promises. Dilution of VisionAs VCs influence startups, there is a risk that founders will alter their original missions to align with investor expectations. This dilution can alienate key stakeholders and disrupt the startup’s core purpose. Dilution of Vision As VCs influence startups, there is a risk that founders will alter their original missions to align with investor expectations. This dilution can alienate key stakeholders and disrupt the startup’s core purpose. 📣A Call for Authenticity and Collaboration To disrupt the current landscape, both startups and VCs must embrace authenticity and collaboration: Emphasize SubstanceStartups should prioritize clear communication about their business models and market strategies over theatrical presentations. Investors must look beyond charisma and focus on the fundamentals driving long-term success. Emphasize Substance Startups should prioritize clear communication about their business models and market strategies over theatrical presentations. Investors must look beyond charisma and focus on the fundamentals driving long-term success. Align InterestsFounders and VCs should work together to ensure that investment strategies align with the startup’s mission. Open dialogue about expectations can help bridge the gap between financial goals and entrepreneurial vision. Align Interests Founders and VCs should work together to ensure that investment strategies align with the startup’s mission. Open dialogue about expectations can help bridge the gap between financial goals and entrepreneurial vision. Foster Meaningful ConnectionsInstead of merely networking for funding opportunities, both parties should engage in deeper conversations about business strategy and growth potential. Building relationships based on trust and shared values can lead to more informed investment decisions. Foster Meaningful Connections Instead of merely networking for funding opportunities, both parties should engage in deeper conversations about business strategy and growth potential. Building relationships based on trust and shared values can lead to more informed investment decisions. Conclusion The startup investment landscape is ripe for disruption. By confronting misleading tactics rooted in theatricality and populism, we can foster a more authentic relationship between startups and venture capitalists. Emphasizing substance over style, aligning interests, and encouraging meaningful dialogue will pave the way for sustainable growth and innovation in the industry. It’s time for both sides to move beyond performance-driven narratives and focus on what truly matters: building successful businesses grounded in purpose and integrity.

Confronting Misleading Tactics in Startup Investments: Calling for Authenticity

Step-by-step Guide to Growing a Bootstrap B2B Startup: Actual Tactics (Not Strategies)

বুটস্ট্র্যাপ B2B স্টার্টআপ বাড়ানোর জন্য ধাপে ধাপে নির্দেশিকা: প্রকৃত কৌশল (কৌশল নয়)

Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung zum Aufbau eines Bootstrap-B2B-Startups: Tatsächliche Taktiken (keine Strategien)

Guía paso a paso para hacer crecer una startup B2B con bootstrap: tácticas reales (no estrategias)

Guide étape par étape pour développer une startup B2B Bootstrap : des tactiques réelles (pas des stratégies)

बूटस्ट्रैप B2B स्टार्टअप को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए चरण-दर-चरण मार्गदर्शिका: वास्तविक रणनीतियाँ (रणनीतियाँ नहीं)

ブートストラップ B2B スタートアップを成長させるためのステップバイステップ ガイド: 実際の戦術 (戦略ではありません)

부트스트랩 B2B 스타트업을 성장시키는 단계별 가이드: 실제 전술(전략 아님)

Guia passo a passo para desenvolver uma startup B2B Bootstrap: táticas reais (não estratégias)

Пошаговое руководство по развитию стартапа B2B с самостоятельным развитием: реальные тактики (не стратегии)

Bir Bootstrap B2B Girişimini Büyütmek İçin Adım Adım Kılavuz: Gerçek Taktikler (Stratejiler Değil)

Hướng dẫn từng bước để phát triển một công ty khởi nghiệp Bootstrap B2B: Chiến thuật thực tế (Không phải chiến lược)

引导式 B2B 初创企业成长的分步指南：实际策略（而非战略）

United States of America v. Google LLC., Court Filing, retrieved on April 30, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part of this filing here. This part is 37 of 37. Appendix: Cited Exhibits Used With A Witness Cited Exhibits Used With A Trial Witness About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings.
This court case retrieved on April 30, 2024, storage.courtlistener is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. [18] Exhibits marked with an asterisk mean the deposition exhibit is part of the trial exhibit, however there are differences (e.g., the deposition exhibit appears as an attachment, the trial exhibit is in a native format), or the deposition exhibit contains metadata slipsheets not included in the trial exhibit. United States of America v. Google LLC., Court Filing, retrieved on April 30, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part of this filing here. This part is 37 of 37. United States of America v. Google LLC., Court Filing, retrieved on April 30, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series . You can jump to any part of this filing here . This part is 37 of 37. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here Appendix: Cited Exhibits Used With A Witness Cited Exhibits Used With A Trial Witness About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on April 30, 2024, storage.courtlistener is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on April 30, 2024, storage.courtlistener is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. storage.courtlistener [18] Exhibits marked with an asterisk mean the deposition exhibit is part of the trial exhibit, however there are differences (e.g., the deposition exhibit appears as an attachment, the trial exhibit is in a native format), or the deposition exhibit contains metadata slipsheets not included in the trial exhibit.

United States of America v. Google LLC.: The Witnesses

Performance Optimization of the Feed with Hundreds of Charts

I studied 12 successful SaaS products (including Beehiiv, Canva, and Buffer) to understand the tactics they use to nudge their users towards a paid plan. You can find my entire feature gating research deck (for free) here. Here are 4 tactics you can steal right now. Display the user's progress at all times Does your product offer a limited number of actions for free? Display your user's progress towards the upgrade at all times. Here's an example with Todoist: Todoist offer up to 5 free 'Projects'. Beyond that, the user has to upgrade to a paid plan. Todoist do an excellent job of displaying the limit at all times; so there are no surprises when it's time to upgrade. Turn your feature gate into a landing page As users click around your app and reach a paywall, use this opportunity to sell the feature (and, thus, the upgrade). Here's an example with Beehiiv: Beehiiv show entire marketing landing pages inside their app. This isn't just a 'Please upgrade to access this feature' paywall. They take this opportunity to remind the user of the tremendous value they'll get out of upgrading by actively selling the feature. Leverage consistent visual clues Most products gate multiple valuable features behind an upgrade. As users navigate the app, warn them of the required upgrade with consistent visual clues. Here's a good example with Buffer: These visual clues achieve multiple goals. First, they are a constant reminder that the user is not getting as much from your app as they could. Second, it limits disappointment: you won't have access to this feature. Hook & anchor value throughout the upgrade process What extra value will your users get on the other side of the paywall? In this example, Grammarly not only clearly display the value (hook) but keep the user engaged throughout the upgrade process by reminding them of the value (anchor): At each step of the process, the user is encouraged to carry on so they get to that sweet, sweet value. Grab the entire feature gating research deck (30+ pages). I studied 12 successful SaaS products (including Beehiiv, Canva, and Buffer) to understand the tactics they use to nudge their users towards a paid plan. You can find my entire feature gating research deck (for free) here . feature gating research deck (for free) here Here are 4 tactics you can steal right now. Display the user's progress at all times Does your product offer a limited number of actions for free? Display your user's progress towards the upgrade at all times. Here's an example with Todoist : Todoist Todoist offer up to 5 free 'Projects'. Beyond that, the user has to upgrade to a paid plan. Todoist do an excellent job of displaying the limit at all times; so there are no surprises when it's time to upgrade. Turn your feature gate into a landing page As users click around your app and reach a paywall, use this opportunity to sell the feature (and, thus, the upgrade). Here's an example with Beehiiv : Beehiiv Beehiiv show entire marketing landing pages inside their app. This isn't just a 'Please upgrade to access this feature' paywall. They take this opportunity to remind the user of the tremendous value they'll get out of upgrading by actively selling the feature. selling Leverage consistent visual clues Most products gate multiple valuable features behind an upgrade. As users navigate the app, warn them of the required upgrade with consistent visual clues. Here's a good example with Buffer : Buffer These visual clues achieve multiple goals. First, they are a constant reminder that the user is not getting as much from your app as they could. Second, it limits disappointment: you won't have access to this feature. Hook & anchor value throughout the upgrade process What extra value will your users get on the other side of the paywall? In this example, Grammarly not only clearly display the value (hook) but keep the user engaged throughout the upgrade process by reminding them of the value (anchor): Grammarly At each step of the process, the user is encouraged to carry on so they get to that sweet, sweet value. Grab the entire feature gating research deck (30+ pages). Grab the entire feature gating research deck (30+ pages).

4 Tactics SaaS Products Use to Nudge Users to Upgrade

4টি কৌশল SaaS পণ্য ব্যবহারকারীদের আপগ্রেড করার জন্য ব্যবহার করে

4 Taktiken, mit denen SaaS-Produkte Benutzer zum Upgrade bewegen

4 tácticas que utilizan los productos SaaS para animar a los usuarios a actualizarse

4 tactiques utilisées par les produits SaaS pour inciter les utilisateurs à effectuer une mise à niveau

4 तरकीबें जो SaaS उत्पाद उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपग्रेड करने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं

SaaS 製品がユーザーにアップグレードを促すために使用する 4 つの戦術

사용자가 업그레이드하도록 유도하는 SaaS 제품의 4가지 전술

4 táticas que os produtos SaaS usam para estimular os usuários a atualizar

4 тактики использования SaaS-продуктов, чтобы подтолкнуть пользователей к обновлению

Kullanıcıları Yükseltmeye Yönlendirmek İçin SaaS Ürünlerinin Kullanıldığı 4 Taktik

4 chiến thuật mà sản phẩm SaaS sử dụng để thúc đẩy người dùng nâng cấp

SaaS 产品用于推动用户升级的 4 种策略

Authors:
(1) Sasun Hambardzumyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(2) Abhinav Tuli, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(3) Levon Ghukasyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(4) Fariz Rahman, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;.
(5) Hrant Topchyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(6) David Isayan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(7) Mark McQuade, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(8) Mikayel Harutyunyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(9) Tatevik Hakobyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(10) Ivo Stranic, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;
(11) Davit Buniatyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Intro
Current Challenges
Tensor Storage Format
Deep Lake System Overview
Machine Learning Use Cases
Performance Benchmarks
Discussion and Limitations
Related Work
Conclusions, Acknowledgement, and References 3. TENSOR STORAGE FORMAT Deep Lake datasets follow columnar storage architecture, with tensors as columns, as shown in Fig. 3. Each tensor is a collection of chunks - binary blobs that contain the data samples. An index map associated with each tensor helps find the right chunk and index of the sample within that chunk for a given sample index. 3.1 Dataset A sample in a dataset represents a single row indexed across parallel tensors. As opposed to a document storage format, sample elements are logically independent, which enables partial access to samples for running performant queries or streaming selected tensors over the network to the GPU training instances. Multiple tensors can be grouped. Groups implement syntactic nesting and define how tensors are related to each other. Syntactic nesting avoids the format complication for hierarchical memory layout. Changes to the dataset’s schema are also tracked over time with version control, similar to dataset content changes. 3.2 Tensors Tensors are typed and can be appended or modified in-place. Default access to an index or a set of indices returns the data as NumPy arrays [55]. Instead of storing 1-D data as seen in Parquet [79] or series in Arrow [13], tensors can accommodate n-dimensional data, where typically the first dimension corresponds to the index or batch dimension. Tensors can contain dynamically shaped arrays, also called ragged tensors, as opposed to other statically chunked array formats such as Zarr [52]. 3.3 Types Htype defines the expectations on samples in a tensor such as data type (dtype as seen in NumPy [55]), shape, number of dimensions, or compression. Typed tensors make interacting with deep learning frameworks straightforward and enable sanity checks and efficient memory layout. By inheriting from a generic tensor htype, we can construct types such as image, video, audio, bbox, dicom, and others. For example, a tensor with image htype would expect samples being appended to it to have dtype as uint8 and shape length 3 (i.e. width, height and number of channels). We further expand on the notion of htypes allowing for meta types that support storing image sequences in tensors (sequence[image]), referencing to remotely stored images, while maintaining the regular behavior of a image tensor (link[image]), or even possible cross-format support. 3.4 Memory Layout A Deep Lake dataset contains a provenance file in JSON format and folders per tensor. A tensor contains chunks, chunk encoder, tile encoder, and tensor metadata. Tensors can be optionally hidden. For instance, hidden tensors can be used to maintain down-sampled versions of images or preserve shape information for fast queries. Tensors are stored in chunks at the storage level. While statically (inferred) shaped chunking avoids maintaining a chunk map table, it introduces significant user overhead during the specification of the tensor, custom compression usage limitations, underutilized storage for dynamically shaped tensors, and post-processing inefficiencies. Deep Lake chunks are constructed based on the lower and upper bound of the chunk size to fit a limited number of samples. This comes with a trade-off of having a compressed index map that preserves the sample index to chunk id mapping per tensor while enabling chunk sizes in the range optimal for streaming while accommodating mixed-shape samples. One could consider the approach taken in this paper as an optimized trade-off between file system page map and compute-defined map-less array storage system. For practical reasons, a single chunk encoder can be scaled to billions of images while maintaining a 150MB chunk encoder per 1PB tensor data. Further scaling can be introduced by sharding the chunk encoder. Chunks contain header information such as byte ranges, shapes of the samples, and the sample data itself. If a sample is larger than the upper bound chunk size, which is the case for large aerial or microscopy images, the sample is tiled into chunks across spatial dimensions. The only exception to tiling is videos. Videos are preserved due to efficient frame mapping to indices, key-frame-only decompression, and range-based requests while streaming. 3.5 Access Patterns The tensor storage format is optimized for deep learning training and inference, including sequential and random access. Sequential access is used for running scan queries, transforming tensors into other tensors, or running inference. Random access use cases include multiple annotators writing labels to the same image or models storing back predictions along with the dataset. While the strict mode is disabled, out-of-the-bounds indices of a tensor can be assigned, thus accommodating sparse tensors. However, random assignment over time will produce inefficiently stored data chunks. To fix the data layout, we implement an on-the-fly re-chunking algorithm to optimize the data layout. One of the key access patterns of Deep Lake is shuffled stream access for training machine learning models. It requires random or custom order access while streaming chunks into the training process. This is achieved by involving range-based requests to access sub-elements inside chunks, running complex queries before training to determine the order, and maintaining a buffer cache of fetched and unutilized data. This avoids having a separate compute cluster for running shuffling algorithm [50]. Each tensor has its own chunks, and the default chunk size is 8MB. A single chunk consists of data from multiple indices when the individual data points (image, label, annotation, etc.) are smaller than the chunk size. Conversely, when individual data points are larger than the chunk size, the data is split among multiple chunks (tiling). Exceptions to chunking logic are video data. Deep Lake format is optimized for maximizing throughput to GPU processing. It includes CPU pre-fetching, decompression or decoding, transformations, and GPU memory transfer in a deep learning framework’s expected layout. 3.6 Storage Providers Deep Lake can be plugged into any storage provider, including object storages such as AWS S3 [1], Google Cloud Storage (GCS) [3], POSIX compatible file systems, or local in-memory storage. Moreover, it constructs memory caching by chaining various storage providers together, for instance - the Least Recently Used (LRU) cache of remote S3 storage with local in-memory data. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Sasun Hambardzumyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (2) Abhinav Tuli, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (3) Levon Ghukasyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (4) Fariz Rahman, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;. (5) Hrant Topchyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (6) David Isayan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (7) Mark McQuade, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (8) Mikayel Harutyunyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (9) Tatevik Hakobyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (10) Ivo Stranic, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (11) Davit Buniatyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA. Authors: Authors: (1) Sasun Hambardzumyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (2) Abhinav Tuli, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (3) Levon Ghukasyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (4) Fariz Rahman, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA;. (5) Hrant Topchyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (6) David Isayan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (7) Mark McQuade, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (8) Mikayel Harutyunyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (9) Tatevik Hakobyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (10) Ivo Stranic, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA; (11) Davit Buniatyan, Activeloop, Mountain View, CA, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Current Challenges Tensor Storage Format Deep Lake System Overview Machine Learning Use Cases Performance Benchmarks Discussion and Limitations Related Work Conclusions, Acknowledgement, and References Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Current Challenges Current Challenges Tensor Storage Format Tensor Storage Format Deep Lake System Overview Deep Lake System Overview Machine Learning Use Cases Machine Learning Use Cases Performance Benchmarks Performance Benchmarks Discussion and Limitations Discussion and Limitations Related Work Related Work Conclusions, Acknowledgement, and References Conclusions, Acknowledgement, and References 3. TENSOR STORAGE FORMAT Deep Lake datasets follow columnar storage architecture, with tensors as columns, as shown in Fig. 3. Each tensor is a collection of chunks - binary blobs that contain the data samples. An index map associated with each tensor helps find the right chunk and index of the sample within that chunk for a given sample index. 3.1 Dataset A sample in a dataset represents a single row indexed across parallel tensors. As opposed to a document storage format, sample elements are logically independent, which enables partial access to samples for running performant queries or streaming selected tensors over the network to the GPU training instances. Multiple tensors can be grouped. Groups implement syntactic nesting and define how tensors are related to each other. Syntactic nesting avoids the format complication for hierarchical memory layout. Changes to the dataset’s schema are also tracked over time with version control, similar to dataset content changes. 3.2 Tensors Tensors are typed and can be appended or modified in-place. Default access to an index or a set of indices returns the data as NumPy arrays [55]. Instead of storing 1-D data as seen in Parquet [79] or series in Arrow [13], tensors can accommodate n-dimensional data, where typically the first dimension corresponds to the index or batch dimension. Tensors can contain dynamically shaped arrays, also called ragged tensors, as opposed to other statically chunked array formats such as Zarr [52]. 3.3 Types Htype defines the expectations on samples in a tensor such as data type (dtype as seen in NumPy [55]), shape, number of dimensions, or compression. Typed tensors make interacting with deep learning frameworks straightforward and enable sanity checks and efficient memory layout. By inheriting from a generic tensor htype, we can construct types such as image, video, audio, bbox, dicom, and others. For example, a tensor with image htype would expect samples being appended to it to have dtype as uint8 and shape length 3 (i.e. width, height and number of channels). We further expand on the notion of htypes allowing for meta types that support storing image sequences in tensors (sequence[image]), referencing to remotely stored images, while maintaining the regular behavior of a image tensor (link[image]), or even possible cross-format support. 3.4 Memory Layout A Deep Lake dataset contains a provenance file in JSON format and folders per tensor. A tensor contains chunks, chunk encoder, tile encoder, and tensor metadata. Tensors can be optionally hidden. For instance, hidden tensors can be used to maintain down-sampled versions of images or preserve shape information for fast queries. Tensors are stored in chunks at the storage level. While statically (inferred) shaped chunking avoids maintaining a chunk map table, it introduces significant user overhead during the specification of the tensor, custom compression usage limitations, underutilized storage for dynamically shaped tensors, and post-processing inefficiencies. Deep Lake chunks are constructed based on the lower and upper bound of the chunk size to fit a limited number of samples. This comes with a trade-off of having a compressed index map that preserves the sample index to chunk id mapping per tensor while enabling chunk sizes in the range optimal for streaming while accommodating mixed-shape samples. One could consider the approach taken in this paper as an optimized trade-off between file system page map and compute-defined map-less array storage system. For practical reasons, a single chunk encoder can be scaled to billions of images while maintaining a 150MB chunk encoder per 1PB tensor data. Further scaling can be introduced by sharding the chunk encoder. Chunks contain header information such as byte ranges, shapes of the samples, and the sample data itself. If a sample is larger than the upper bound chunk size, which is the case for large aerial or microscopy images, the sample is tiled into chunks across spatial dimensions. The only exception to tiling is videos. Videos are preserved due to efficient frame mapping to indices, key-frame-only decompression, and range-based requests while streaming. 3.5 Access Patterns The tensor storage format is optimized for deep learning training and inference, including sequential and random access. Sequential access is used for running scan queries, transforming tensors into other tensors, or running inference. Random access use cases include multiple annotators writing labels to the same image or models storing back predictions along with the dataset. While the strict mode is disabled, out-of-the-bounds indices of a tensor can be assigned, thus accommodating sparse tensors. However, random assignment over time will produce inefficiently stored data chunks. To fix the data layout, we implement an on-the-fly re-chunking algorithm to optimize the data layout. One of the key access patterns of Deep Lake is shuffled stream access for training machine learning models. It requires random or custom order access while streaming chunks into the training process. This is achieved by involving range-based requests to access sub-elements inside chunks, running complex queries before training to determine the order, and maintaining a buffer cache of fetched and unutilized data. This avoids having a separate compute cluster for running shuffling algorithm [50]. Each tensor has its own chunks, and the default chunk size is 8MB. A single chunk consists of data from multiple indices when the individual data points (image, label, annotation, etc.) are smaller than the chunk size. Conversely, when individual data points are larger than the chunk size, the data is split among multiple chunks (tiling). Exceptions to chunking logic are video data. Deep Lake format is optimized for maximizing throughput to GPU processing. It includes CPU pre-fetching, decompression or decoding, transformations, and GPU memory transfer in a deep learning framework’s expected layout. 3.6 Storage Providers Deep Lake can be plugged into any storage provider, including object storages such as AWS S3 [1], Google Cloud Storage (GCS) [3], POSIX compatible file systems, or local in-memory storage. Moreover, it constructs memory caching by chaining various storage providers together, for instance - the Least Recently Used (LRU) cache of remote S3 storage with local in-memory data. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Deep Lake, a Lakehouse for Deep Learning: Tensor Storage Format

ডিপ লেক, গভীর শিক্ষার জন্য একটি লেকহাউস: টেনসর স্টোরেজ ফর্ম্যাট

Deep Lake, ein Lakehouse für Deep Learning: Tensor-Speicherformat

Deep Lake, una casa de lago para el aprendizaje profundo: formato de almacenamiento tensorial

Deep Lake, un Lakehouse pour le Deep Learning : format de stockage Tensor

डीप लेक, डीप लर्निंग के लिए एक लेकहाउस: टेंसर स्टोरेज फॉर्मेट

ディープラーニングのためのレイクハウス「Deep Lake」: テンソルストレージ形式

딥 러닝을 위한 레이크하우스인 Deep Lake: Tensor 스토리지 형식

Deep Lake, um Lakehouse para aprendizado profundo: formato de armazenamento tensor

Deep Lake, домик у озера для глубокого обучения: тензорный формат хранения

Deep Lake, Derin Öğrenmeye Yönelik Bir Göl Evi: Tensör Depolama Formatı

Deep Lake, một Lakehouse cho Deep Learning: Định dạng lưu trữ Tensor

Deep Lake，深度学习的 Lakehouse：张量存储格式

Will You Really Let AI Do the Thinking For You?

আপনি কি সত্যিই এআইকে আপনার জন্য চিন্তা করতে দেবেন?

Möchten Sie die KI wirklich für Sie denken lassen?

¿Realmente dejarás que la IA piense por ti?

Allez-vous vraiment laisser l’IA réfléchir à votre place ?

क्या आप सचमुच एआई को आपके लिए सोचने देंगे?

本当に AI に考えさせるつもりですか?

정말로 AI가 당신을 위해 생각하도록 하시겠습니까?

Você realmente deixará a IA pensar por você?

Действительно ли вы позволите искусственному интеллекту думать за вас?

Gerçekten Yapay Zekanın Sizin Yerinize Düşünmesine İzin Verecek misiniz?

Bạn có thực sự để AI làm việc suy nghĩ cho bạn không?

你真的会让人工智能替你思考吗？

When we talk about "public relations," many of us immediately think of getting featured in big media outlets. While that's important, in today's world where we spend most of our time on our phones, what really matters is how many people share and repost our content – that's what we call organic reach. This is where thinking outside the box becomes invaluable. Unconventional campaigns often tap into our innate desire to share something remarkable or amusing with our friends. According to The New York Times, people primarily share on social media to inform, entertain, and assist others. Understanding this psychology is crucial for effective PR strategies. Before delving into unconventional tactics, however, there are fundamental rules that must be observed, regardless of the chosen approach. Know Your Audience: Understanding your audience is paramount before initiating any PR efforts. Identifying who you're trying to reach and what resonates with them lays the foundation for successful engagement.
Be Authentic: Authenticity is key. Rather than emulating others in the market, stay true to your brand's values. Implementing tactics incongruent with your brand identity can do more harm than good.
Stay Relevant: Relevance is essential. Aligning your messaging with current societal trends and your audience's interests prevents missteps that could lead to a crisis. Now, let's talk about some sneaky tactics you can try to boost your PR game: Creative Job Postings Get creative with your job postings. For example, take a look at a hilariously catchy Fiverr’s “Another Generic Recruitment Video”. This job posting triggers potential candidates’ interest, corresponding with the company's mission to change how the world works together. Catchy phrases and unconventional ideas became an example for any company, striving to stand out. Unique job postings garner significant organic traction, boosting awareness of your company's culture and creativity. This marketing strategy resulted in the video gaining more than 230 thousand views. Attention-Grabbing Products Embrace creativity in product promotion. The average attention on screen has decreased by 69% since 2004. Thereby, entrepreneurs are forced to compete for clients’ focus and attention. Take a cue from Stanley, the brand behind usual water bottles. Founded in 1913, the company was not in demand until Terrance Riley came on stage. He changed Stanley’s marketing approach. The company made Quencher its main product and promoted it as an item of self-expression. Bottles of an unusual form and of different colors went viral, increasing sales 10-fold. Developing the identity of your product and using viral moments can make your brand more relatable and shareable. Publicity Stunts While more challenging, well-executed publicity stunts can yield remarkable results. Think outside the box to craft attention-grabbing campaigns. The startling example was demonstrated to the PR community by WePay. The attention-grabbing move of leveraging a 300-kg block of ice has become an excellent example of situational marketing, giving the company an opportunity to outplay its competitor PayPal. This PR-stunt not only triggered the emotions of WePay users but also emphasized the pain points of PayPal, whose accounts were frozen at the moment. As a result, the stunt led to a 225% increase of sign-ups on WePay. Leveraging Technology Harness the power of technology to captivate audiences. Integrating AI and CGI into visual content can create a mesmerizing effect, captivating viewers' attention and encouraging prolonged engagement. Artificial intelligence has become an integral part of marketing, actively introducing itself into various fields of activity. With the development of machine learning technologies, data analysis and process automation, the impact of artificial intelligence on modern marketing is becoming more diverse and effective. In some companies, AI for marketing and sales has already become an indispensable assistant: 35% of businesses already use AI and 42% use it to reduce costs. Recent studies show that by 2030, AI will generate more than USD 15 trillion for the global economy and boost local economies by as much as 26%, also improving the effectiveness of interaction with consumers and helping companies better understand their needs. The triumphant advance of artificial intelligence is demonstrated to us by Jacquemus. The brand posted an Instagram reel of what appeared to be its Bambino bags cruising the streets of Paris. Initially, many users were unsure whether it was AI, CGI, or an authentic scene. Nevertheless, the video garnered over 48.7 million views, 114k reposts, and received extensive coverage in the media. In conclusion, unconventional PR tactics offer a refreshing approach to engage audiences in today's digital landscape. By embracing creativity, authenticity, and relevance, brands can effectively cut through the noise and leave a lasting impression on their target audience. When we talk about "public relations," many of us immediately think of getting featured in big media outlets. While that's important, in today's world where we spend most of our time on our phones, what really matters is how many people share and repost our content – that's what we call organic reach. When we talk about "public relations," many of us immediately think of getting featured in big media outlets. While that's important, in today's world where we spend most of our time on our phones, what really matters is how many people share and repost our content – that's what we call organic reach. This is where thinking outside the box becomes invaluable. Unconventional campaigns often tap into our innate desire to share something remarkable or amusing with our friends. According to The New York Times , people primarily share on social media to inform, entertain, and assist others. Understanding this psychology is crucial for effective PR strategies. The New York Times The New York Times Before delving into unconventional tactics, however, there are fundamental rules that must be observed, regardless of the chosen approach. Know Your Audience: Understanding your audience is paramount before initiating any PR efforts. Identifying who you're trying to reach and what resonates with them lays the foundation for successful engagement. Be Authentic: Authenticity is key. Rather than emulating others in the market, stay true to your brand's values. Implementing tactics incongruent with your brand identity can do more harm than good. Stay Relevant: Relevance is essential. Aligning your messaging with current societal trends and your audience's interests prevents missteps that could lead to a crisis. Know Your Audience: Understanding your audience is paramount before initiating any PR efforts. Identifying who you're trying to reach and what resonates with them lays the foundation for successful engagement. Know Your Audience: Be Authentic: Authenticity is key. Rather than emulating others in the market, stay true to your brand's values. Implementing tactics incongruent with your brand identity can do more harm than good. Be Authentic: Stay Relevant: Relevance is essential. Aligning your messaging with current societal trends and your audience's interests prevents missteps that could lead to a crisis. Stay Relevant: Now, let's talk about some sneaky tactics you can try to boost your PR game: Creative Job Postings Creative Job Postings Get creative with your job postings. For example, take a look at a hilariously catchy Fiverr’s “Another Generic Recruitment Video”. This job posting triggers potential candidates’ interest, corresponding with the company's mission to change how the world works together. Catchy phrases and unconventional ideas became an example for any company, striving to stand out. Unique job postings garner significant organic traction, boosting awareness of your company's culture and creativity. This marketing strategy resulted in the video gaining more than 230 thousand views. Attention-Grabbing Products Embrace creativity in product promotion. The average attention on screen has decreased by 69% since 2004. Thereby, entrepreneurs are forced to compete for clients’ focus and attention. Take a cue from Stanley, the brand behind usual water bottles. Founded in 1913, the company was not in demand until Terrance Riley came on stage. He changed Stanley’s marketing approach. The company made Quencher its main product and promoted it as an item of self-expression. decreased Bottles of an unusual form and of different colors went viral, increasing sales 10-fold. Developing the identity of your product and using viral moments can make your brand more relatable and shareable. increasing Publicity Stunts Publicity Stunts While more challenging, well-executed publicity stunts can yield remarkable results. Think outside the box to craft attention-grabbing campaigns. The startling example was demonstrated to the PR community by WePay. The attention-grabbing move of leveraging a 300-kg block of ice has become an excellent example of situational marketing, giving the company an opportunity to outplay its competitor PayPal. This PR-stunt not only triggered the emotions of WePay users but also emphasized the pain points of PayPal, whose accounts were frozen at the moment. As a result, the stunt led to a 225% increase of sign-ups on WePay. increase Leveraging Technology Leveraging Technology Harness the power of technology to captivate audiences. Integrating AI and CGI into visual content can create a mesmerizing effect, captivating viewers' attention and encouraging prolonged engagement. Artificial intelligence has become an integral part of marketing, actively introducing itself into various fields of activity. With the development of machine learning technologies, data analysis and process automation, the impact of artificial intelligence on modern marketing is becoming more diverse and effective. In some companies, AI for marketing and sales has already become an indispensable assistant: 35% of businesses already use AI and 42% use it to reduce costs. Recent studies show that by 2030, AI will generate more than USD 15 trillion for the global economy and boost local economies by as much as 26%, also improving the effectiveness of interaction with consumers and helping companies better understand their needs. use studies The triumphant advance of artificial intelligence is demonstrated to us by Jacquemus. The brand posted an Instagram reel of what appeared to be its Bambino bags cruising the streets of Paris. Initially, many users were unsure whether it was AI, CGI, or an authentic scene. Nevertheless, the video garnered over 48.7 million views, 114k reposts, and received extensive coverage in the media. In conclusion, unconventional PR tactics offer a refreshing approach to engage audiences in today's digital landscape. By embracing creativity, authenticity, and relevance, brands can effectively cut through the noise and leave a lasting impression on their target audience.

Attention-grabbing PR Tactics for the Digital Age: How to Boost Organic Reach

Periwinkle Entertainment, Inc. v. The Walt Disney Company Court Filing retrieved [redacted] is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part in this filing here. This part is 8 of 12. E. Marvel’s Breach is the Direct Result of Disney’s Tortious Interference 37. Why would Disney forgo hundreds of millions of dollars in box office receipts by releasing the Picture in theatres at a time when it knew the theatrical market was “weak,” rather than waiting a few months for that market to recover? On information and belief, the decision do so was made at least in part because Disney saw the opportunity to promote its flagship subscription streaming service using the Picture and Ms. Johansson, thereby attracting new paying monthly subscribers, retaining existing ones, and establishing Disney+ as a must-have service in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Ms. Johansson, and the express promises that Marvel had made to her concerning WWBO bonuses and a “traditional” theatrical release “like our other pictures,” were simply collateral damage. By interfering with the Agreement and inducing Marvel to breach it, Disney not only increased the value of Disney+, but it also intentionally saved Marvel (and thereby itself) what Marvel’s itself referred to as “very large box office bonuses” that Marvel otherwise would have been obligated to pay Ms. Johansson. 38. Disney unquestionably understood how it would benefit from inducing a breach of the Agreement. When he announced the release of another Disney film, Mulan, on Disney+ Premier Access, Mr. Chapek noted that “under a premiere access offering, not only does it get us revenue from our original transaction of [Premium Video on Demand], but it’s a fairly large stimulus to sign up for Disney+.” 39. Moreover, Disney knew that the availability of the Picture on Disney+ would dissuade a number of would-be moviegoers, including many would-be repeat moviegoers, from paying to see the Picture in theatres. When Disney first announced its plan to release the Picture on Premier Access, no less than the New York Times described it as “a move that will likely hurt cinemas (lower ticket and concession sales) while helping Disney (higher streaming revenue).” Similarly, one Hollywood trade journal opined on January 11, 2021 that “it’s insurmountably more challenging for a film the size and scale of ‘Black Widow’ to become profitable without a traditional theatrical window.” On June 10, 2021, one month before the release of the Picture, another prominent Hollywood trade journal reported that with respect to Disney’s day-and-date strategy, “[t]he whole game now is to bring subscribers into the Disney+ ecosystem and keep them there,” and that this “has been damaging for talent” who are compensated by sharing in the box office receipts from a film. Just as these news outlets predicted and Ms. Johansson feared, the Picture’s box office receipts for its opening weekend were significantly below the opening weekend performance of Marvel’s previous films and have “suffered [a] steeper-than-normal decline[]” since then. In short, Disney’s strategy to lure viewers away from the theatres and toward Disney+ worked. 40. There can be no doubt that Disney’s conduct was knowing and intentional. Indeed, as recently as March 1, 2021, Mr. Chapek publicly acknowledged that shortening or eliminating the standard exclusive theatrical window could “cut the legs off a theatrical exhibition run.” Yet he and Disney have done just that, notwithstanding (and in disregard of) Marvel’s contractual promises. 41. This negative impact upon traditional WWBO receipts is exacerbated by the Disney+ Premier Access model, which will allow viewers who pay the Premier Access fee to rewatch the Picture an unlimited number of times so long as they remain subscribed to Disney+. 42. Traditionally, if a moviegoer enjoyed a film enough to see it a second time, he or she would have to either buy another theatre ticket or wait to buy the film on home video, electronic-sell-through (iTunes), or some other form of distribution after the theatrical window concluded. And historically there was no shortage of Marvel superfans willing to do so. Indeed, movie-ticket service Fandango announced that in the first week alone, Avengers: Endgame saw 85% more repeat viewers than Avengers: Infinity War. Marvel itself has banked on these repeat viewers in the past, having re-released Avengers: Endgame with seven minutes of additional footage in an explicit bid to draw in enough additional ticket sales to make the film the highest grossing of all time. In fact, the Guinness World Record for the most times seeing the same film in theaters is held by a Marvel fan who saw Avengers: Endgame 191 times in theatres; the previous record was held by a fan who saw Avengers: Infinity War 103 times. 43. But with Premier Access, there are no repeat ticket sales. Subscribers pay a onetime fee to view the Picture as many times as they want. It is tantamount to handing each moviegoer a free DVD on their way out of the theatre. On top of that, unlike in the theatres, a single Premier Access purchase of the Picture can be shared with tens if not hundreds of would-be paying moviegoers whose ticket buying would have generated WWBO. Still other viewers will forego the theatre and the $30 Premier Access fee because they know they can simply wait what is widely expected to be just 90 days to access the Picture on Disney+ through a regular $8 monthly subscription. And millions of others who would have watched in the theatres will instead view the Picture on perfect digital pirated copies—all made possible by Disney’s decision to release the Picture “day-and-date” on Disney+. Indeed, Black Widow was the No. 1 pirated title of the July 19 week, per the news site TorrentFreak. All of this has undermined the consideration promised to Ms. Johansson in her Agreement and ignores Marvel’s recognition that her “whole deal is based on the premise that the film would be widely theatrically released like our other pictures.” 44. Adding insult to injury, Ms. Johansson has spent the last several months fulfilling her own obligation under the Agreement to promote the Picture—and therefore, by association, its release on Disney+. In other words, Disney has enjoyed the benefits of having one of Hollywood’s top actresses promote its wholly owned subscription service at no additional cost to Disney, and with the intended effect of taking money out of that actress’ own pocket. 45. On information and belief, Marvel’s decision to release the Picture simultaneously in theatres and on Disney+ Premier Access—if it can be called Marvel’s decision at all—was the direct result of Disney’s tortious interference with the Agreement. Absent this interference, it was Marvel’s intent and desire to release the Picture exclusively in theatres at a time that would have maximized box office receipts and, therefore, Marvel’s and Ms. Johansson’s profits from the Picture. The only reason Marvel did not wait for a more opportune time to release the Picture exclusively in theatres as intended is because it was induced or forced by Disney to release it dayand-date on Disney+ Premier Access to drive profits to Disney at Ms. Johansson’s expense. Continue Reading Here. About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings.
This court case retrieved [redacted] deadline.com is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. Periwinkle Entertainment, Inc. v. The Walt Disney Company Court Filing retrieved [redacted] is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part in this filing here. This part is 8 of 12. Periwinkle Entertainment, Inc. v. The Walt Disney Company Court Filing retrieved [redacted] is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series . You can jump to any part in this filing here . This part is 8 of 12. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here E. Marvel’s Breach is the Direct Result of Disney’s Tortious Interference 37. Why would Disney forgo hundreds of millions of dollars in box office receipts by releasing the Picture in theatres at a time when it knew the theatrical market was “weak,” rather than waiting a few months for that market to recover? On information and belief, the decision do so was made at least in part because Disney saw the opportunity to promote its flagship subscription streaming service using the Picture and Ms. Johansson, thereby attracting new paying monthly subscribers, retaining existing ones, and establishing Disney+ as a must-have service in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Ms. Johansson, and the express promises that Marvel had made to her concerning WWBO bonuses and a “traditional” theatrical release “like our other pictures,” were simply collateral damage. By interfering with the Agreement and inducing Marvel to breach it, Disney not only increased the value of Disney+, but it also intentionally saved Marvel (and thereby itself) what Marvel’s itself referred to as “very large box office bonuses” that Marvel otherwise would have been obligated to pay Ms. Johansson. 38. Disney unquestionably understood how it would benefit from inducing a breach of the Agreement. When he announced the release of another Disney film, Mulan, on Disney+ Premier Access, Mr. Chapek noted that “under a premiere access offering, not only does it get us revenue from our original transaction of [Premium Video on Demand], but it’s a fairly large stimulus to sign up for Disney+.” 39. Moreover, Disney knew that the availability of the Picture on Disney+ would dissuade a number of would-be moviegoers, including many would-be repeat moviegoers, from paying to see the Picture in theatres. When Disney first announced its plan to release the Picture on Premier Access, no less than the New York Times described it as “a move that will likely hurt cinemas (lower ticket and concession sales) while helping Disney (higher streaming revenue).” Similarly, one Hollywood trade journal opined on January 11, 2021 that “it’s insurmountably more challenging for a film the size and scale of ‘Black Widow’ to become profitable without a traditional theatrical window.” On June 10, 2021, one month before the release of the Picture, another prominent Hollywood trade journal reported that with respect to Disney’s day-and-date strategy, “[t]he whole game now is to bring subscribers into the Disney+ ecosystem and keep them there,” and that this “has been damaging for talent” who are compensated by sharing in the box office receipts from a film. Just as these news outlets predicted and Ms. Johansson feared, the Picture’s box office receipts for its opening weekend were significantly below the opening weekend performance of Marvel’s previous films and have “suffered [a] steeper-than-normal decline[]” since then. In short, Disney’s strategy to lure viewers away from the theatres and toward Disney+ worked. 40. There can be no doubt that Disney’s conduct was knowing and intentional. Indeed, as recently as March 1, 2021, Mr. Chapek publicly acknowledged that shortening or eliminating the standard exclusive theatrical window could “cut the legs off a theatrical exhibition run.” Yet he and Disney have done just that, notwithstanding (and in disregard of) Marvel’s contractual promises. 41. This negative impact upon traditional WWBO receipts is exacerbated by the Disney+ Premier Access model, which will allow viewers who pay the Premier Access fee to rewatch the Picture an unlimited number of times so long as they remain subscribed to Disney+. 42. Traditionally, if a moviegoer enjoyed a film enough to see it a second time, he or she would have to either buy another theatre ticket or wait to buy the film on home video, electronic-sell-through (iTunes), or some other form of distribution after the theatrical window concluded. And historically there was no shortage of Marvel superfans willing to do so. Indeed, movie-ticket service Fandango announced that in the first week alone, Avengers: Endgame saw 85% more repeat viewers than Avengers: Infinity War. Marvel itself has banked on these repeat viewers in the past, having re-released Avengers: Endgame with seven minutes of additional footage in an explicit bid to draw in enough additional ticket sales to make the film the highest grossing of all time. In fact, the Guinness World Record for the most times seeing the same film in theaters is held by a Marvel fan who saw Avengers: Endgame 191 times in theatres; the previous record was held by a fan who saw Avengers: Infinity War 103 times. 43. But with Premier Access, there are no repeat ticket sales. Subscribers pay a onetime fee to view the Picture as many times as they want. It is tantamount to handing each moviegoer a free DVD on their way out of the theatre. On top of that, unlike in the theatres, a single Premier Access purchase of the Picture can be shared with tens if not hundreds of would-be paying moviegoers whose ticket buying would have generated WWBO. Still other viewers will forego the theatre and the $30 Premier Access fee because they know they can simply wait what is widely expected to be just 90 days to access the Picture on Disney+ through a regular $8 monthly subscription. And millions of others who would have watched in the theatres will instead view the Picture on perfect digital pirated copies—all made possible by Disney’s decision to release the Picture “day-and-date” on Disney+. Indeed, Black Widow was the No. 1 pirated title of the July 19 week, per the news site TorrentFreak. All of this has undermined the consideration promised to Ms. Johansson in her Agreement and ignores Marvel’s recognition that her “whole deal is based on the premise that the film would be widely theatrically released like our other pictures.” 44. Adding insult to injury, Ms. Johansson has spent the last several months fulfilling her own obligation under the Agreement to promote the Picture—and therefore, by association, its release on Disney+. In other words, Disney has enjoyed the benefits of having one of Hollywood’s top actresses promote its wholly owned subscription service at no additional cost to Disney, and with the intended effect of taking money out of that actress’ own pocket. 45. On information and belief, Marvel’s decision to release the Picture simultaneously in theatres and on Disney+ Premier Access—if it can be called Marvel’s decision at all—was the direct result of Disney’s tortious interference with the Agreement. Absent this interference, it was Marvel’s intent and desire to release the Picture exclusively in theatres at a time that would have maximized box office receipts and, therefore, Marvel’s and Ms. Johansson’s profits from the Picture. The only reason Marvel did not wait for a more opportune time to release the Picture exclusively in theatres as intended is because it was induced or forced by Disney to release it dayand-date on Disney+ Premier Access to drive profits to Disney at Ms. Johansson’s expense. Continue Reading Here. Continue Reading Here . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved [redacted] deadline.com is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved [redacted] deadline.com is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. deadline.com

Scarlett Johansson's Lawsuit Claims Disney's Tactics Hurt 'Black Widow' Box Office

Why Do We Need to Secure Networks? Networks are constantly under attack and can be infiltrated via various tactics, including malware, spoofing, packet sniffing, and much more. If a network is not protected from these tactics and is intruded upon, it could have a catastrophic impact on the organization. Consider one of such intrusion tactics, denial of service (DoS) attacks. What Is a Denial of Service Attack? A denial of service, or DoS, attack is an attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic. The objective of this attack is to disrupt normal business operations by overloading an organization’s network with the goal of sending so much information that the network crashes or is unable to respond to legitimate users. Types of DoS Attacks Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: This type of DoS attack uses multiple devices or servers, in different locations to flood the target network with unwanted traffic. This attack archives effectiveness by exploiting devices such as computers, IoT devices, and other networked resources. Network-level DoS Attacks: These DoS attacks target network bandwidths on a server to slow traffic. Types of these attacks include: SYN (synchronize) flood attack: To understand this attack, you have to understand the process used to establish a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between devices and a server. This process is often called the handshake process.

The handshake process begins when a device sends a synchronize request to the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the device’s request and leaves a port open for the final step of the handshake.
Upon receiving the final ACK packet from the device, the server establishes that the TCP connection is established.

Attackers understand this process and use SYN flood attacks to simulate TCP connections and flood a server with SYN packets. When the number of requests is larger than the number of available ports on the server, the server will crash and be unable to function.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack: This is a type of DoS attack where ICMP packets are repeatedly sent to a network server, forcing the server to send an ICMP in response, which eventually uses all the bandwidth for incoming and outgoing traffic, causing the server to crash.

The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) is an Internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across a network.
Learn more about ICMP here Ping of Death: This is a type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64kb (the maximum size for a currently formed ICMP packet). This causes the server to crash. Conclusion You are now aware of how a denial of service attack works and the different types associated with it. How do you keep yourself and your data safe from these attacks. How do you go about navigating these vulnerabilities? Do you have answers or suggestions? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section. GodSpeed Why Do We Need to Secure Networks? Networks are constantly under attack and can be infiltrated via various tactics, including malware, spoofing, packet sniffing, and much more. If a network is not protected from these tactics and is intruded upon, it could have a catastrophic impact on the organization. Consider one of such intrusion tactics, denial of service (DoS) attacks. What Is a Denial of Service Attack? A denial of service, or DoS, attack is an attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic. The objective of this attack is to disrupt normal business operations by overloading an organization’s network with the goal of sending so much information that the network crashes or is unable to respond to legitimate users. Types of DoS Attacks Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: This type of DoS attack uses multiple devices or servers, in different locations to flood the target network with unwanted traffic. This attack archives effectiveness by exploiting devices such as computers, IoT devices, and other networked resources. Network-level DoS Attacks: These DoS attacks target network bandwidths on a server to slow traffic. Types of these attacks include: SYN (synchronize) flood attack: To understand this attack, you have to understand the process used to establish a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between devices and a server. This process is often called the handshake process.

The handshake process begins when a device sends a synchronize request to the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the device’s request and leaves a port open for the final step of the handshake.
Upon receiving the final ACK packet from the device, the server establishes that the TCP connection is established.

Attackers understand this process and use SYN flood attacks to simulate TCP connections and flood a server with SYN packets. When the number of requests is larger than the number of available ports on the server, the server will crash and be unable to function. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack: This is a type of DoS attack where ICMP packets are repeatedly sent to a network server, forcing the server to send an ICMP in response, which eventually uses all the bandwidth for incoming and outgoing traffic, causing the server to crash.

The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) is an Internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across a network.
Learn more about ICMP here SYN (synchronize) flood attack: To understand this attack, you have to understand the process used to establish a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between devices and a server. This process is often called the handshake process. The handshake process begins when a device sends a synchronize request to the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the device’s request and leaves a port open for the final step of the handshake.
Upon receiving the final ACK packet from the device, the server establishes that the TCP connection is established. Attackers understand this process and use SYN flood attacks to simulate TCP connections and flood a server with SYN packets. When the number of requests is larger than the number of available ports on the server, the server will crash and be unable to function. SYN (synchronize) flood attack: To understand this attack, you have to understand the process used to establish a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between devices and a server. This process is often called the handshake process . handshake process The handshake process begins when a device sends a synchronize request to the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the device’s request and leaves a port open for the final step of the handshake. Upon receiving the final ACK packet from the device, the server establishes that the TCP connection is established. The handshake process begins when a device sends a synchronize request to the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the device’s request and leaves a port open for the final step of the handshake. Upon receiving the final ACK packet from the device, the server establishes that the TCP connection is established. Attackers understand this process and use SYN flood attacks to simulate TCP connections and flood a server with SYN packets. When the number of requests is larger than the number of available ports on the server, the server will crash and be unable to function. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack: This is a type of DoS attack where ICMP packets are repeatedly sent to a network server, forcing the server to send an ICMP in response, which eventually uses all the bandwidth for incoming and outgoing traffic, causing the server to crash. The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) is an Internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across a network.
Learn more about ICMP here Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attack: This is a type of DoS attack where ICMP packets are repeatedly sent to a network server, forcing the server to send an ICMP in response, which eventually uses all the bandwidth for incoming and outgoing traffic, causing the server to crash. The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) is an Internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across a network. Learn more about ICMP here The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) is an Internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across a network. Learn more about ICMP here here Ping of Death: This is a type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64kb (the maximum size for a currently formed ICMP packet). This causes the server to crash. Ping of Death: This is a type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64kb (the maximum size for a currently formed ICMP packet). This causes the server to crash. Conclusion You are now aware of how a denial of service attack works and the different types associated with it. How do you keep yourself and your data safe from these attacks. How do you go about navigating these vulnerabilities? Do you have answers or suggestions? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section. GodSpeed GodSpeed

An Overview of Network Intrusion Tactics: Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks

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