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Swapzone

swapzone

Instead of endlessly hopping between multiple platforms in search of the best rates, cryptocurrency exchange aggregators could become your next go-to solution for seamless crypto swapping. In this blog post, we will explore crypto exchange aggregators, what makes these resource-efficient services popular, and how they can help you whether you are a professional crypto trader or a regular user looking to simplify your experience. Let’s dive right in! Nice… But What is a Crypto Exchange Aggregator? First and foremost, a is a platform that provides users with a consolidated view of different exchanges and their rates. Instead of manually searching through various services to find the most favorable conditions, an aggregator does all the legwork for you in one place. These aggregators gather data from multiple cryptocurrency exchanges and present it to users in a clear and user-friendly format. They allow traders to compare prices, fees, and available trading pairs across different platforms without needing to navigate between multiple tabs or windows. There are different types of crypto exchange aggregators available in the market. Some focus on comparing spot prices across various exchanges, while others specialize in finding the best liquidity or offering advanced trading features like limit orders or margin trading. The primary function of these aggregators is to save time and effort for traders by streamlining the process of finding optimal trading opportunities. By presenting the most up-to-date information from multiple exchanges, they empower users to make informed decisions about when and where to execute their trades. crypto exchange aggregator Let’s Talk Benefits! Okay, okay, we get it! Crypto exchange aggregators are so cool, but how do we actually benefit from using one? Well, when it comes to trading cryptocurrencies, having access to multiple exchanges can be a game-changer. This is where crypto exchange aggregators come into play. These platforms allow you to compare and swap cryptocurrencies across different exchanges and on top of that save your time and - yes - possibly even your money! By collecting prices from various exchanges, aggregators give you real-time information on the most favorable rates available. This means that you can get more value for your trades and potentially increase your profits. Crypto exchange aggregators prevent users from wasting your money on unnecessary fees, when there is another service that can do the same swap for $0. In addition to these benefits, using a reputable crypto exchange aggregator also ensures enhanced security for your transactions. These platforms typically do not require KYC and only integrate with established exchanges that have robust security measures in place, reducing the risk of fraudulent activities or hacks. Can You Drop Some Names? Of course! When it comes to choosing the best crypto exchange aggregator, there are several factors to consider. Each aggregator has its own unique features and functionalities that cater to different needs and preferences of users. However, one aggregator that stands out from the rest is . Swapzone supports over 1600+ (!) cryptocurrencies. For instance, if you want to change your USDT, you can choose between 20+ networks without switching between multiple services. With just a few clicks, users can compare rates from different exchanges and find the most suitable deal available in real time. Swapzone One of the key advantages of using Swapzone is its transparency. The platform provides all relevant information such as exchange rates, fees, and estimated transaction times upfront so users can make informed decisions before initiating a swap. This level of transparency builds trust among users and eliminates any hidden surprises or unexpected costs. Another standout feature of Swapzone is its extensive network of trusted exchanges. By partnering with reputable exchanges, Swapzone ensures that users get access to liquidity pools with competitive rates while minimizing the risk associated with engaging lesser-known platforms. In addition to these benefits, Swapzone also prioritizes privacy, therefore there is no KYC requirement and your data will not be stolen or sold to third parties. Besides, to give users peace of mind, there is 24/7 online chat support available. According to the Swapzone team: Crypto is more about the idea, and fintech in general is about making it easier for the user to interact with tools and services. At Swapzone we solve this exact problem - helping users save money, time, and personal data by aggregating the most compelling exchange offers in just one interface. When it comes to finding the best crypto exchange aggregator for your swapping needs, Swapzone emerges as a great choice thanks to its intuitive interface, transparent approach, extensive network of exchanges, and commitment towards security. Final words In today's fast-paced and ever-evolving world of cryptocurrencies, having a reliable and efficient platform to swap your digital assets is crucial. Crypto exchange aggregators offer a multitude of benefits that make them an excellent all-in-one solution for both novice and experienced traders. From saving time and effort through rate comparisons on multiple exchanges to gaining access to an extensive selection of cryptocurrencies while prioritizing security – these benefits make using a crypto exchange aggregator highly appealing.

Cryptocurrency Exchange Aggregators - Your Next Go-To Solution For Crypto Swaps

Authors:
(1) Kedan Li, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
(2) Min Jin Chong, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
(3) Jingen Liu, JD AI Research;
(4) David Forsyth, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Table of Links Abstract and Intro
Related Work
Proposed Method
Experiments
Conclusions and References 2. Related Work Image synthesis: Spatial transformer networks estimate geometric transformations using neural networks [23]. Subsequent work [28,39] shows how to warp one object to another. Warping can be used to produce images of rigid objects [26,30] and non-rigid objects (e.g., clothing) [17,12,45]. In contrast to prior work, we use multiple spatial warpers. Our warps must be combined into a single image, and our U-Net for producing this image follows trends in inpainting (methods that fill in missing portions of an image, see [48,31,50,49]). Han et al. [16,52] show inpainting methods can complete missing clothing items on people. In our work, we use FID∞ to quantitatively evaluate our method. This is based on the Frchet Inception Distance (FID) [18], a common metric in generative image modelling [5,54,29]. Chong et al. [9] recently showed that FID is biased; extrapolation removes the bias, to an unbiased score (FID∞). Generating clothed people: Zhu et al. [57] used a conditional GAN to generate images based on pose skeleton and text descriptions of garment. SwapNet [38] learns to transfer clothes from person A to person B by disentangling clothing and pose features. Hsiao et al. [20] learned a fashion model synthesis network using per-garment encodings to enable convenient minimal edit to specific items. In contrast, we warp products onto real model images. Shape matching underlies our method to match product to model. Tsiao et al. [19] built a shape embedding to enable matching between human body and well-fitting clothing items. Prior work estimated the shape of human body [4,27], clothing items [10,25] and both [35,40], through 2D images. The DensePose [1] descriptor helps modeling the deformation and shading of cloth and, therefore, has been adopted by recent work [36,13,47,51,7,52]. Virtual try-on (VTO) maps a product to a model image. VITON [17] uses a U-Net to generate a coarse synthesis and a mask on the model where the product is presented. A mapping from the product mask to the on-model mask is learned through Thin plate spline (TPS) transformation [3]. The learned mapping is applied on the product image to create a warp. Following their work, Wang et al. [45] improved the architecture using a Geometric Matching Module [39] to estimate the TPS transformations parameters directly from pairs of product image and target person. They train a separate refinement network to combine the warp and the target image. VTNFP [53] extends the work by incorporatiing body segments prediction and later works follow similar procedure [37,24,42,22,2]. However, TPS transformation fails to produce reasonable warps, due to the noisiness of generated masks in our dataset, as shown in Figure 6 right. Instead, we adopt affine transformations which we have found to be more robust to imperfections instead of TPS transformation. A group of following work extended the task to multi-pose. Warping-GAN [11] combined adversarial training with GMM, and generate post and texture separately using a two stage network. MG-VTON [12] further refine the generation method using a three-stage generation network. Other work [21,55,51,7,46] followed similar procedure. Han et al. [15] argued that TPS transformation has low degree of freedom and proposed a flow-based method to create the warp. Much existing virtual try-on work [17,12,21,47,55,53,24,37] is evaluated on datasets that only have tops (t-shirt, shirt, etc.). Having only tops largely reduces the likelihood of shape mismatch as tops have simple and similar shapes. In our work, we extend the problem to include clothing items of all categories(tshirt, shirt, pants, shorts, dress, skirt, robe, jacket, coat, etc.), and propose a method for matching the shape between the source product and the target model. Evaluation shows that using pairs that match in shape significantly increases the generation quality for both our and prior work (table 4.3). In addition, real studio outfits are often covered by an unzipped/unbuttoned outerwear, which is also not presented in prior work [17,12,21,47,55,53,37]. This can cause partition or severe occlusion to the garment, and is not addressed by prior work as shown in Figure 6. We show that our multi-warp generation module ameliorates these difficulties. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Kedan Li, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; (2) Min Jin Chong, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; (3) Jingen Liu, JD AI Research; (4) David Forsyth, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Authors: Authors: (1) Kedan Li, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; (2) Min Jin Chong, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; (3) Jingen Liu, JD AI Research; (4) David Forsyth, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Related Work Proposed Method Experiments Conclusions and References Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Related Work Related Work Proposed Method Proposed Method Experiments Experiments Conclusions and References Conclusions and References 2. Related Work Image synthesis : Spatial transformer networks estimate geometric transformations using neural networks [23]. Subsequent work [28,39] shows how to warp one object to another. Warping can be used to produce images of rigid objects [26,30] and non-rigid objects (e.g., clothing) [17,12,45]. In contrast to prior work, we use multiple spatial warpers. Image synthesis Our warps must be combined into a single image, and our U-Net for producing this image follows trends in inpainting (methods that fill in missing portions of an image, see [48,31,50,49]). Han et al. [16,52] show inpainting methods can complete missing clothing items on people. In our work, we use FID∞ to quantitatively evaluate our method. This is based on the Frchet Inception Distance (FID) [18], a common metric in generative image modelling [5,54,29]. Chong et al. [9] recently showed that FID is biased; extrapolation removes the bias, to an unbiased score (FID∞). Generating clothed people: Zhu et al. [57] used a conditional GAN to generate images based on pose skeleton and text descriptions of garment. SwapNet [38] learns to transfer clothes from person A to person B by disentangling clothing and pose features. Hsiao et al. [20] learned a fashion model synthesis network using per-garment encodings to enable convenient minimal edit to specific items. In contrast, we warp products onto real model images. Generating clothed people: Shape matching underlies our method to match product to model. Tsiao et al. [19] built a shape embedding to enable matching between human body and well-fitting clothing items. Prior work estimated the shape of human body [4,27], clothing items [10,25] and both [35,40], through 2D images. The DensePose [1] descriptor helps modeling the deformation and shading of cloth and, therefore, has been adopted by recent work [36,13,47,51,7,52]. Shape matching Virtual try-on (VTO) maps a product to a model image. VITON [17] uses a U-Net to generate a coarse synthesis and a mask on the model where the product is presented. A mapping from the product mask to the on-model mask is learned through Thin plate spline (TPS) transformation [3]. The learned mapping is applied on the product image to create a warp. Following their work, Wang et al. [45] improved the architecture using a Geometric Matching Module [39] to estimate the TPS transformations parameters directly from pairs of product image and target person. They train a separate refinement network to combine the warp and the target image. VTNFP [53] extends the work by incorporatiing body segments prediction and later works follow similar procedure [37,24,42,22,2]. However, TPS transformation fails to produce reasonable warps, due to the noisiness of generated masks in our dataset, as shown in Figure 6 right. Instead, we adopt affine transformations which we have found to be more robust to imperfections instead of TPS transformation. A group of following work extended the task to multi-pose. Warping-GAN [11] combined adversarial training with GMM, and generate post and texture separately using a two stage network. MG-VTON [12] further refine the generation method using a three-stage generation network. Other work [21,55,51,7,46] followed similar procedure. Han et al. [15] argued that TPS transformation has low degree of freedom and proposed a flow-based method to create the warp. Virtual try-on Much existing virtual try-on work [17,12,21,47,55,53,24,37] is evaluated on datasets that only have tops (t-shirt, shirt, etc.). Having only tops largely reduces the likelihood of shape mismatch as tops have simple and similar shapes. In our work, we extend the problem to include clothing items of all categories(tshirt, shirt, pants, shorts, dress, skirt, robe, jacket, coat, etc.), and propose a method for matching the shape between the source product and the target model. Evaluation shows that using pairs that match in shape significantly increases the generation quality for both our and prior work (table 4.3). In addition, real studio outfits are often covered by an unzipped/unbuttoned outerwear, which is also not presented in prior work [17,12,21,47,55,53,37]. This can cause partition or severe occlusion to the garment, and is not addressed by prior work as shown in Figure 6. We show that our multi-warp generation module ameliorates these difficulties. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Toward Accurate, Realistic Virtual Try-on Through Shape Matching: Related Work

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Toward Accurate, Realistic Virtual Try-on Through Shape Matching: Conclusions & References

সঠিক, বাস্তবসম্মত ভার্চুয়াল ট্রাই-অন থ্রু শেপ ম্যাচিং এর দিকে: উপসংহার এবং রেফারেন্স

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Hacia una prueba virtual precisa y realista mediante la combinación de formas: conclusiones y referencias

Vers un essai virtuel précis et réaliste grâce à la correspondance de formes : conclusions et références

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形状マッチングによる正確でリアルなバーチャル試着に向けて：結論と参考文献

모양 매칭을 통한 정확하고 사실적인 가상 시착을 향하여: 결론 및 참고자료

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Introduction, or running ahead of the locomotive So, the about the connection between two DAOs showed that the topic of NFTs has not faded in the hearts of readers. Therefore, today we will try to delve deeper into the and uncover the most interesting vector of Web 3.0: the market of programmable assets and, in particular, NFT 2.0. first article forest How to absorb NFT new formats? I understand that not everyone is interested in an academic format as it can be tedious, boring, and lengthy. However, if you are a true , I recommend the following research on the topic (just in case?): netstalker : , , Opportunities & Challenges; Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Overview Evaluation — The Interactive NFTs; NFT 2.0 : Unlocking NFT Liquidity; MetaFi NFTs; Wrapped . A Deep Dive into the Financialization of NFTs; NFTs & DeFi to Wrapped NFTs; A Beginner’s Guide NFT 2.0?; What is of NFT 2.0; A Brief Overview : New Era of NFTs. NFT 2.0 Certainly! Now that you understand that the topic was not created by me, but has been researched by me for the past three years, let's dive deeper. Shall we? Let's do it! Projects Here are some projects that I was able to study before writing this text: Abacus, Arcade, Bailout, Bend DAO, Cally, Cardinal, Charged Particles, Drops, DAO Envelop, Floor DAO, Fuku, Hook, JPEG’d, JpeX, Meta block,s Mimicr,  Mnemonichq, Mycelium, Nested, Nextround, NFT2point, NFTembe,  NFTfi, NFTftrade, NFTperp, NFTx, NIFTY, Options, OpenLand, Opensky, Optic.xyz, PartyBid, Putty, reNFT, Reservoir, Rmrk.app, Solv protocol, Spicy, Stater, SudoSwap, Swap.net, Taker, Themis, Theos, Triber3, TrustNFT, UpShot,  Vinci, YAWWW. "In total, over the course of three years, there have been more than 50 such projects. And I present this list to you for one purpose, so that you can finally understand that this is indeed a , not just a collection of thoughts on the subject. Well, knowing this, let's try to answer the first important question: "what types of NFT 2.0 are there?" Shall we try? Easily! trend NFT 2.0 types It seems that all the articles listed above lack depth and detail in terms of practicality, and therefore realism. Shall we try to fill this gap? Yes, of course! The following terms can be considered as general (collective): (sometimes mixed with NFT 1.5, such as financial NFTs); NFT 2.0 (although sometimes a subset called dNFTs is understood under this term); Interactive NFTs (there is also no standardized approach here); Smart NFTs ; NFTs Programmable There are also a number of rarer categories. There are also several other less common categories. Of course, this list will be open-ended, but here is a list that appears in the overwhelming majority of research, which tries to divide NFTs by functionality: Fractionalization (Fractional, Unic.ly, NFT20, etc.); Landing (TrustNFT, BendDAO, JPEG'd, etc.); Indexes (Envelop, NFTx, BridgeSplit, Index, etc.); Investment DAOs (The LAO, Flamingo, Palm, Pleasr, etc.); Marketplaces (OpenSea, Rarible, Gem, etc.); Derivatives (Envelop, Fuku, Putty, Nifty Options, etc.); Financial NFTs (Axie, Sandbox, StepN, etc.); Rental (Unitbox, Rentable, Prom, reNFT, etc.); Pricing (UpShot, Taker, SudoSwap, etc.); Analytics (Dune, NFTgo, Nansen, etc.) The problem with this approach is that it mixes NFT 1.0 (on OpenSea, for example), NFT 1.5 (NFTx), and NFT 2.0 (Envelop, JPEG'd, etc.) together. Moreover, there are many projects that will always be at the intersection of these categories: . example Let's try to categorize specifically NFT 2.0. Dynamic NFT (dNF) Example: . chain.link/education-hub/dynamic-nft-use-cases Many GameFi projects are developing this type of NFT (such as through controlled smart contract updates, through NFT rental cycles across different services, and so on), but the most interesting vector appears to be at Chainlink: verifiable data change is crucial for industries such as weather forecasting or insurance, and even more so if they are combined. SharkRace Unitbox Therefore, the essence of dynamic NFTs can be defined as follows: these are NFTs whose metadata can change depending on external (or occasionally internal) conditions. There are several types of dynamic NFTs: Sports-related: The Association; LaMelo Ball; Art-related: Jackson NFT; ; Ogcrystals ; Botanicatrees NFTofDAY; Game-related: Aavegotchi; SharkRace; Major League Baseball (MLB) Real-world sector: The Eternal Pump; Regenerative Resources (RRC); Gold Change NFT; Many others. However, a more nuanced categorization of dNFTs can be based on a deeper basis: , where metadata changes through an oracle (Chainlink and its analogs) dNFT , where metadata changes through joint creation and multisig signing (NFTof.day); cNFT , where metadata affects gameplay and changes on-chain rather than off-chain entities. gdNFT As for , these are so-called "community NFTs" that are created gradually and by different actors, and then changes are sent to the blockchain. This is a kind of synthetic act of creation. cNFT In this sense, the evolution from static NFTs (sNFT) to dynamic ones (dNFT) can be achieved in several ways: through cNFT; through changeable metadata (including with Verifiable Randomness Function (VRF)); by adjusting smart contract variables (SharkRace). So, a (dNFT), or a "living NFT", is an NFT that can change depending on external conditions. In the static NFT model, each NFT can be distinguished from another using a single token identifier and a unique contract address. Metadata, such as images, video files, or other data, can be attached to it, which means that you can own a token that represents a unique digital object. dynamic NFT If you want to learn more about dNFTs, I recommend this and this , or alternatively, this “ . Let's keep going! article supplement ” material Wrapped NFT (wNFT) Despite the fact that different projects call these NFTs differently, it is still worth acknowledging that they all have the same essence in the process: by wrapping interchangeable tokens and/or coins, as well as other NFTs, assets of a completely different order are created. And the term "wrapping" should be strictly technical and organizational, as we all know: wBTC as a custodial solution for transferring BTC to the Ethereum network; Wrapped assets of first-generation cross-chain bridges; Various derivatives created using this technology; Other assets. Among the projects that specifically create wNFTs, I would highlight: (2020 - idea, 2021 - MVP, 2022 - release); DAO Envelop (2020, 2021, 2022); Charge Particles (2021-2023). Solv Finance It should be noted that the emergence of these small projects has influenced much older and larger services, such as Rarible, which since June 2021 has from an NFT marketplace to a protocol; AAVE has tested its approach to programmable assets; and even in the Ethereum ecosystem, the standard was born. Not to mention much initiatives (but no less at the same time). requalified ERC-3525 smaller important Initially, is the process by which a token is locked on the blockchain through a smart contract, and its equivalent is "recreated" on the destination blockchain. is the replacement of one set of token interaction standards with another set. wrapping Token wrapping As for (wrapped NFTs), these are modernized NFTs with extended functional capabilities such as economic setting, on-chain royalties, rental mechanism, time/cost/event locking, protection against devaluation, and . wNFTs fraud protection system Hence, I call wNFTs - NFT 2.0, because this approach seeks to change the principles and rules of fundraising in particular and some other industries as a whole. An example of a general explanation. Approaches related to wrapping are generally similar, although details can always be distinguished: №01, №02, №03. And on these examples, we clearly do not finish, but we need to take one more step. Forward! example example example Financial NFT (fNFT) This passage discusses financial NFTs, which can be classified as both NFT 1.5 and 2.0 depending on their usage: If NFTs are used as collateral for services, then they fall under the 1.5 category, whereas if they are programmable to create innovative practices, then they are considered 2.0. NFTs are an improved version of NFTs with a new token standard that allows for multidimensional asset attributes to be expressed in token form. Financial Several projects have used NFTs in financial applications, such as for fixed-rate lending, for insurance token coverage, and NIFTEX for financing NFTs using ERC-20. The most well-known implementation of financial NFTs is probably the LP token of Uniswap v3, which allows for transferring NFTs with liquidity, high trading ranges, and uncollected fees, making it easier and also providing protection against vampire mining. 88mph Armor Finance pre-embedded encompasses fractionalization, lending markets, investment DAOs, derivatives, and pricing, among other things. This market is evolving rapidly and has a lot of potential. For instance, the growth of lending markets that utilize NFT mechanics has led Uniswap to enter into negotiations with leading NFT protocols for loans and credits in 2022. NFT x DeFi The reasons are: , the obvious conclusion is that evolution is inevitable. Firstly , we can move from a general statement to specifics: for example, the gradual growth of credit markets involving various NFT mechanics has led, in particular, to Uniswap starting negotiations with leading NFT protocols for loans/credit in 2022 (see ). Secondly link From here, we can discover an obvious discrepancy in indicators. What kind? I will show it now. Let's compare : Graph №01 Where we see a clear increase in the "Utility" category. And in this case, the priority remains explicitly with another category, namely, "PFP", which indicates a discrepancy between existing (widely accepted) and emerging (unnoticed) trends. The data can be verified at this link: . nftgo.io/analytics/market-overview But the question is becoming increasingly irrelevant. A lively and innovative sub-market, known as ( + ), emerged around NFT financing - regardless of how creators want to classify the nature of their projects. NFTFi Non-fungible-token Finance It is hardly surprising that such a market has emerged. In 2021, the trading volume on the NFT market was $17.6 billion. This is a staggering 27% of the sales volume in the world's traditional art markets ($65B) in the same year. You know what happened next. But there is something that not everyone pays attention to. For example, one can imagine that NFTFi is . It allows for more efficient forms of NFT trading - from swapping, hedging, fractionalization, and valuation - to full-fledged, automated rentals. simply DeFi applied to NFT Let's look at the largest sub-sectors in NFTFi: loans/credits. Financial applications and tools have emerged on the market that address NFT issues aimed at increasing and improving certainty in asset pricing, as well as improving the use of funds on NFT markets by combining NFTs and other finances to create a better user experience on the NFT market, collectively referred to as " ". liquidity dAPPs NFTfi Until 2022, almost nothing was heard about NFT lending/borrowing, but it gradually began to appear in conversations. There are two main ways of NFT lending/borrowing: P2P (peer to peer) and P2Pool (peer to pool). Representatives here include protocols such as and . They differ in transaction frequency, volume, and price discovery efficiency, but these are details. The main thing is that the overall market is still relatively small compared to the market for interchangeable tokens. And coins. NFTfi BendDAO Current NFT lending/borrowing remains in the realm of "blue chips"; as for low- and mid-level NFTs, they have not yet gained wide recognition in the market due and . to high price volatility the lack of oracles In short, NFTs are becoming suitable for various financial instruments such as collateral, staking, and leverage for exchange tokens or stocks. And? In the future, when the accumulation of historical trading prices gradually complements the NFT quotation mechanism, the NFT market will become more liquid than ever. \But a couple of important theses are still to come. NFT-based lending The Rocket LP DAO cryptocurrency lending platform once issued a loan secured by the brantly.eth domain name of the Ethereum Name Service (ENS). In turn, the press service of the NFT marketplace X2Y2 announced that from October 9, 2022, users could use their own NFT digital collectibles as collateral to borrow Ethereum (ETH) from other lenders. And do you know what all this is about? That the lending market in the DeFi segment will never be the same again. Interesting? Then here are three more articles: , , . one two three But this market is not the only one going through harsh turbulence. What else? You will find out now! Royalties 2.0 Creators of Ethereum-based NFT collections have earned over $1.8 billion in royalties. Impressive, right? By the time this article is published, the figure will likely be even higher. But if a billion dollars doesn't impress you, then there's not much that can. At the time when the staggering sum of $1,800,000,000 was reached, just 10 organizations accounted for 27% of all royalties earned, while 482 NFT collections accounted earned at that time. for 80% of all royalties Since then, much has changed. The DeGods ecosystem removed royalties from all of its affiliated NFT collections (DeGods, y00ts), even though DeGods founder Frank had defended royalties on Twitter and still believes that royalties are between operators and holders of NFT collections. the best mechanism for aligning incentives Fast-forward to 2023 and the showdown between . Interesting, right? OpenSea and Blur "Some marketplaces have also changed their royalty payouts (or removed them), for example, x2y2, while the largest marketplace, OpenSea, has not". First of all, now everyone is following suit. In addition, the largest Solana NFT marketplace, Magic Eden, made a controversial move by making all royalties on its platform completely optional. Magic Eden's latest move to eradicate royalties is especially noteworthy given that they announced MetaShield, a controversial tool aimed at improving royalty control, back in September 2022. Royalty supporters are worried that normalizing their removal will return the NFT space to the dark ages of traditional creator structures, as happened with Van Gogh. incentivization On the other hand, opponents of royalties claim that mechanisms for compulsory collection are impossible on a chain without serious compromises, which negate many of the advantages of blockchain. permissionless If you're interested, I recommend reading this . And as for us, let's move on! thread Fractionalization There are quite a few services here: Fractional.Art, Teller, and . But personally, I'm interested in why so many are focused on a special feature (fractionalizing indivisible assets), when in reality, it's just a small spectrum of the possibilities of NFT 2.0 as a whole. others Rent There are two fundamentally different vectors: Renting through (w)NFT; Renting actual NFTs. These processes are interconnected but can still be separated as distinct. Prom & Unitox, for example, offer similar but different approaches to solving the integration of these processes. In turn, BendDAO and JPED'd have implemented an efficient liquidity model called "peer-to-pool", which connects supply and demand in a customizable liquidity pool, eliminating the need to make bids and wait for requests. Another example is Cyan, the largest and brightest BNPL protocol. Additional information can be found , , or even . But the furthest in the connection of these mechanics is Unitbox - a project based on the DAO Envelop . here here here protocol And what about us? Let's try to combine all the ingredients together and the NFT 2.0 . taste dish NFT 2.0 as understood by ChatGPT Of course I couldn't help but give the floor to one of the protagonists of the start of 2023. Here's what he thinks of NFT 2.0. NFT 2.0" is not an established or standardized term within the NFT (Non-Fungible Token) space, and there is no widely accepted definition of what it encompasses. However, it generally refers to new and innovative developments in the NFT ecosystem that aim to improve the technology and user experience. Some possible features that could be included in an NFT 2.0 include: Interoperability: The ability for NFTs to interact with each other and other blockchain-based assets, allowing for more complex and integrated applications. Programmability: The ability for NFTs to have embedded functionality, enabling them to perform specific actions or operations when triggered. Sustainability: The ability for NFTs to have a smaller environmental impact, through the use of more energy-efficient or carbon-neutral technologies. Decentralization: The ability for NFTs to be more decentralized, removing the need for centralized authorities or intermediaries. Fractionalization: The ability for NFTs to be divided into smaller parts, allowing for greater accessibility and liquidity. Dynamic and Adaptive properties: The ability for NFTs to change or evolve over time, through smart contracts that allow for dynamic or adaptive properties. It's worth noting that these features are not exclusive to an "NFT 2.0" and many are already being developed and implemented by various NFT projects and platforms. NFT technology is still evolving rapidly, and new features and innovations are likely to emerge as the ecosystem continues to grow and mature. Problems Does this market have problems? Plenty. Firstly, there are standards: what we call them are not actually standards (take this or this , or many others). Secondly, there are no leaders, which is good for business, but for the user... they will have to make an effort not just to understand the trends, but also to "taste them" in practice. Finally, there is a lot of chaff in this market, connecting hype with hype (insignificant NFT collections with liquid markets... tokens that are of little use to anyone, for example). example one But none of these problems is evidence that the market will not continue to develop. Rather, they are a consequence of the of this sphere. evolution Outlook I can't tell you about all the vectors in this article, so I've chosen the ones that are closest to me. Unstoppable NFT Now there are already solutions ( ) where NFT connects with decentralized, tokenized storage, but it is much more interesting when the programmable NFT itself pays for storage of its metadata for IPFS/SWARM and other nodes. So far the solutions require oracle and centralization, but I believe the next 2-3 years will see a move towards decentralization. example ОТС Not using such solutions for trading is strange: the secondary market for tokens is highly in demand and reaches tens of billions of dollars, but there are -fledged solutions yet, and funds are quite conservative in their practices, so here too we will have to wait for at least 2-3, or even 4-5 years. OTC not so many full ZKP For me, this is probably the most promising direction, as bridge hacks (Wormhole, Allbridge, Binance Hub, etc.) and CEXs are all about liquidity centralization, and achieving its normal decentralization can be done through -NFTs, which require different approaches: both oracle software and oracle (humans), and improvements to existing concepts. cross verifiers Add in and you get a lot of interesting things. By the way, if this topic turns out to be in demand, I'll talk about it, but for now that's all. cross/multi-chain mechanics Bye!

NFT 2.0: the Era of Programmable Assets

This guide will help you to install Frappe and ERNext 14 on a Ubuntu 22.04 LTS hosted on Digitalocean by providing easy-to-follow instructions Table of contents Create a new droplet on Digitalocean with Ubuntu 22.04 Install all the preliminary software required to install Frappe and ERPNext Add SWAP to your server Update your server and install the LOCALES Install the NGINX HTTP server Install the MySQL database server Install the Ubuntu packages required for Python3, etc. Add a system user 'frappe' to install ERPNext Create your MySQL database SSH into your server using the 'frappe' user in a new console or terminal window Install some python3-based packages such as setuptools, etc Install wkhtmltopdf Install the Redis Cache Server Install nodejs by using NVM Install the Frappe full-stack web framework and ERPNext web application Install bench (Installing Frappe Bench CLI) Upgrade pip Install bench apps Add a new site to the bench Install bench app to bench site Test bench on port 8000 Setup production server using NGINX for your ERPNext instance Add HTTPS Start using ERPNext ERPnext is a 100% open source and FREE software developed and maintained by a -promoting company, Frappe Technologies Pvt. Ltd., based out of India's financial capital . Enterprise Resource Planning FOSS Mumbai ERPNext is the best among FREE ERPs available in 2023 such as Dolibarr, Odoo, etc. In 2018, ERPNext was rated among the top 5 user-friendly ERP systems by Gartner, surpassing Microsoft, SAP, Bexio, and several other ERP systems. ERPNext is available as a self-hosted software for your small to medium business to install on your own servers helping you to maintain your data privacy without paying a dime for the licensing fee (except the server costs). However, it is not easy for non-technical users to get the hang of it. My ERPNext installation guide below is an easy-to-follow set of instructions helping you to easily install ERPNext version 14 on a 4GB droplet hosting Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Let's get started:- Create a new droplet on Digitalocean with Ubuntu 22.04 Signup for a new account or log in to your already existing account on Digitalocean. Once you are on the page of your Digitalocean account, click on the green "Create" button on the top right and select " from the dropdown. This will take you to the page. "projects" droplet" "Create Droplets" On the page you can configure your server by following the instructions on this page such as:- "Create Droplet" I usually pick Bengaluru or Singapore because those are the nearest to my location. Your server's data center: I usually prefer the latest Ubuntu LTS. Currently, the LTS version of Ubuntu is 22.04. An operating system image for your server: I usually pick and with 4GB RAM for a new ERPNext installation. The CPU size for your server: Basic Regular I would recommend a minimum RAM for ERPNext of 2GB with 4GB SWAP. After you have configured the server add your key for easy access to your server from your PC. SSH If you are on Windows then you can use Putty to access your server else you can simply run on your Linux terminal or Mac Command. ssh root@-your-droplet-ip-address Finally, hit the button to create a new server for your ERPNext 14 installation. "Create Droplet" Install all the preliminary software required to install Frappe and ERPNext To install Frappe and ERPNext we need to install a few essential software such as , , , etc. gcc python mariadb Follow the instructions below:- Login to your server from your PC for easy access. As I use ArchLinux thus I just have to open a window and then just into my server. Terminal ssh Replace my server's IP address with your droplet's IP address. Note:- I will delete my server post-publishing this article. $ssh root@-your-droplet-ip-address Add SWAP to your server Though 4GB RAM is enough for an ERPNext instance, however, just in case there might be a RAM-eating process so to keep our instance running it would be nice to have some SWAP. I usually prefer a SWAP of 2x of your server RAM but you can add a 4GB swap too to save disk space. . Follow the guide here to add swap: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-space-on-ubuntu-22-04 Verify if you already have a SWAP:- Create an 8GB SWAP:- Make your SWAP permanent so that when you restart your server then also you will have your SWAP. Adjust or tune your SWAP settings and :- swappiness vfs_cache_pressure Update your server and install the LOCALES $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt upgrade After you have completely upgraded your Ubuntu 22.04 server, then you can install which are required by ERPNext. LOCALES $ sudo localectl set-keymap us && sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8 If you get an error then you can follow the instructions given at to resolve this error and continue with installing ERPNext 14. Note:- Failed to set keymap: Keymap us is not installed. https://www.claudiokuenzler.com/blog/1257/how-to-fix-missing-keymaps-debian-ubuntu-localectl-failed-read-list $ sudo nano /etc/environment (and copy-paste the following at the bottom of the file after $PATH ) ####################
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
#################### Now, reboot your server for the locales and server updates. $ sudo reboot Install the NGINX HTTP server $ sudo apt install nginx (and test by opening your-droplet-ip-address in a browser window) The below section is optional, however, if you want to access your ERPNext instance using then you must follow these optional instructions. HTTPS://DOMAIN_NAME OPTIONAL Install ( doesn’t support required by thus we will use to install to generate SSL certificates manually using lets-encrypt). certbot ubuntu 20.04 certbot-auto erpnext—frappe-bench snap certbot classic $ sudo service nginx stop $ sudo snap install --classic certbot Generate a lets-encrypt SSL certificate for your domain name(s) - the certificate will be saved under at -your-domain-name-folder-name- /etc/letsencrypt/live $ sudo certbot certonly --standalone (your domain name(s) will be asked here) $ sudo service nginx start OPTIONAL ENDS Install the MySQL database server $ sudo apt install mariadb-server $ sudo apt install python3-mysqldb libmysqlclient-dev $ sudo mysql_secure_installation $ sudo systemctl stop mariadb $ sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/mariadb.cnf (and copy-paste the following to save file) https://gist.github.com/chetanmittaldev/28ea822b9815feac891d2c809f8d2598 Restart the MySQL server:- $ sudo systemctl start mariadb $ sudo systemctl enable mariadb Install the Ubuntu packages required for Python3, etc. $ sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y curl build-essential python3-testresources python3-setuptools python3-dev libffi-dev python3-pip libcurl4 dnsmasq fontconfig git htop libcrypto++-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev libxext6 libxrender1 libxslt1-dev libxslt1.1 libffi-dev ntpdate postfix python3-dev python-tk screen vim xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base zlib1g-dev apt-transport-https libsasl2-dev libldap2-dev libcups2-dev pv libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev tcl8.6-dev tk8.6-dev libdate-manip-perl logwatch Add a system user 'frappe' to install ERPNext Add user with password by running the commands below in your terminal:- 'frappe' 'password' $ adduser frappe $ usermod -aG sudo frappe $ rsync --archive --chown=frappe:frappe ~/.ssh /home/frappe/ Create your MySQL database Add a MySQL database with user and password by running the commands below:- 'frappe' 'frappe' 'password' $ mysql $ MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE frappe; $ MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; $ MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'frappe'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION; $ MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT host, user, Super_priv FROM mysql.user; $ MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; $ MariaDB [(none)]> exit SSH into your server using the 'frappe' user in a new console or terminal window $ ssh frappe@-your-droplet-ip-address Install some python3-based packages such as setuptools, etc $ sudo -H python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools cryptography psutil Install wkhtmltopdf install as erpnext12 requires 0.12.5 version (i am not sure about erpnext13 or erpnext14 but installed just in case):- wkhtmltopdf $ cd /tmp $ wget https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/wkhtmltopdf/releases/download/0.12.5/wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb Now, needs libssl1.1 package which is not available on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS thus we will add the packages repo for Ubuntu 20.04 and then install libssl1.1 from there:- wkhtmltopdf $ echo "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/focal-security.list $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install libssl1.1 $ sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb $ sudo cp /usr/local/bin/wkhtmlto* /usr/bin/ $ cd ~ $ sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/wk* $ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/focal-security.list Install the Redis Cache Server $ sudo apt install git python-dev-is-python3 python3-dev redis-server $ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common $ sudo apt-get install xvfb libfontconfig wkhtmltopdf $ sudo systemctl enable redis-server Install nodejs by using NVM $ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash (required to run nvm command) $ sudo reboot SSH into 'frappe' user again $ nvm install --lts (install the LTS version of NodeJS; currently, it is v18.15.0) $ npm install -g yarn Verify nodejs, npm, yarn installations:- $ yarn --version $ npm -v $ node -v Let’s summarize what we have accomplished so far. Up to this point, you have installed all the major components required by ERPNext 14, which include:- Nginx Certbot SSL Certificate Generate Python3 MariaDB DB Nodejs, NPM The Yarn package manager A Redis database cache The wkhtmltopdf PDF documents generator Whether you are installing the ERP system for development or for production, you are now ready for the next step, which is installing the Frappe full-stack framework and the actual ERPNext 14 web application. Install the Frappe full-stack web framework and ERPNext web application SSH 'frappe' system user in a new console or terminal window:- $ ssh frappe@-your-droplet-ip-address Install bench (Installing Frappe Bench CLI) $ cd ~ $ sudo chown frappe -R /home/frappe $ sudo pip3 install frappe-bench $ bench --version $ sudo apt install python3.10-venv $ bench init frappe-bench $ cd frappe-bench $ echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p $ ./env/bin/pip install numpy && ./env/bin/pip install pandas Upgrade pip $ /home/frappe/frappe-bench/env/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip Install bench apps $ bench get-app erpnext Add a new site to the bench $ bench new-site -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address- --admin-password -your-admin-password- --mariadb-root-username frappe --mariadb-root-password 'password' Install bench app to bench site $ bench --site -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address- install-app erpnext Test bench on port 8000 $ bench start Open a new browser window and open to test:- -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address-:8000 Setup production server using NGINX for your ERPNext instance SSH your server using user in a new console or terminal window:- 'frappe' $ ssh frappe@-your-droplet-ip-address $ cd /home/frappe/frappe-bench $ sudo bench setup production frappe --yes Verify if the required services work on your server:- $ sudo supervisorctl stop all $ sudo supervisorctl start all $ systemctl list-unit-files | grep 'fail2ban|nginx|supervisor' After confirming that everything is working as expected, you can test ERPNext 14 live on your server. Open your favorite browser and navigate to -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address-, or wherever you are hosting your ERPNext 14 application. After a few seconds, you should see the ERPNext 14 login screen. Use for the username (email) and the you created previously for the password. Administrator erpnext_admin_password The NGINX conf file is saved in the path below:- $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/frappe-bench.conf Add HTTPS $ sudo -H bench setup add-domain -your-cname-domain-name- $ sudo -H bench setup nginx $ sudo service nginx reload Turn on multi-tenancy for HTTPS to work:- $ sudo -H bench config dns_multitenant on $ sudo -H bench setup nginx $ sudo service nginx reload (lets-encrypt) to bench site (install HTTPS on apex domain) - frappe-bench uses the same path /etc/letsencrypt/live to get SSL certificates:- Add SSL certificate $ sudo -H bench setup lets-encrypt -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address- —custom-domain -your-cname-domain-name- $ sudo -H bench setup nginx $ sudo service nginx reload {or $ sudo service nginx start} Start using ERPNext Open in a browser window. -your-domain-name-or-droplet-ip-address- Known Issues during then you can follow the instructions at . WARN Cannot connect to redis_cache to update assets_json bench init https://discuss.frappe.io/t/issue-w-redis-during-bench-init-step/87134 Bench runs fine on port 8000, however, during production it doesn't run. This might be due to the redis-server not being run on port 11000. To fix this open file and change the port to 11000. Do not forget to reload the redis-server again. Follow the instructions at . sudo nano /etc/redis/redis.conf https://linuxhint.com/change-default-port-redis/ Let me know in the comments if you encounter any issues! Originally published . here

Simplified Installation of ERPNext 14 on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS via DigitalOcean Droplet

The beating heart of any Linux installation is the kernel. Most distributions that you'll come across add unique features and capabilities to this foundation, but the kernel is the common unifying piece of software across all distributions that calls themselves Linux. Unlike a commercial operating system, the kernel is both very configurable and can be completely customized by any user. Why would you want to tinker with your kernel configuration? While the stock kernel provided by your distribution is a reasonable option, there are unique sets of patches that can fundamentally change how the kernel behaves and, in some cases, may tune your system to be even more effective for your particular use case. Let's take a look at the landscape of specialized Linux kernels! Kernel Basics: The Upstream The web site is the ultimate source of truth for the mainline Linux kernel that the kernel team releases on a regular basis. If you take a look at the landing page, you may see a variety of different kernel versions listed: kernel.org If you're a Linux user, you may have never actually seen this page for the entirety of your time actually Linux. What gives? using A distribution like usually selects a kernel version that's known to be reliable and stable, applies any necessary in order to customize it as they see fit, and then provides the compiled kernel to all their users so that that actual compilation process (which can take a while!) occurs on their end instead of your desktop's. This means that two up-to-date users of Ubuntu 22.04, for example, are likely using the same kernel build, which simplifies supporting a wide variety of users across a range of different installations. It also permits the engineers developing Ubuntu to focus on providing a single kernel build that is well-tested and meets most of their user's needs. Ubuntu patch sets If you were to compare the running kernel on two up-to-date Linux distributions, though, their versions would almost certainly be different. While the kernel has an excellent reputation for stability, some distributions choose to be cautious about when to make the jump to a newer kernel. This is typically a good idea - the numbers between two kernel versions like 5.18.16 and 5.10.135 seem large, but kernel developers are conservative about adding and removing features, so there typically aren't massive practical differences between them. If one Linux distribution sticks a few versions behind the latest kernel, doing so in order to achieve more predictable releases is often worth the tradeoff. different But while the kernel doesn't make massive leaps between releases, different developers maintain collections of changes that can fundamentally alter how the kernel behaves. Some of these include: default downstream CPU scheduler changes. This is one of the core functions of the kernel and dictates how different processes on your machine are chosen to get executed on your processor. I/O scheduler changes. The kernel supports different scheduler methods like or which can make a significant impact upon the performance of disk operations, particularly for spinning disks where the physical realities of spindles and read heads impact how quickly data can be accessed. deadline cfq Security. Some patch sets make significant changes to attempt to the Linux kernel against potential exploit vectors. harden The beauty of running Linux is that all of these different options are completely open to you! Let's take a look at a few of them. Delicious, Default Vanilla The default Linux kernel doesn't have any flashy customizations, but there are still quite a few settings that are still under a user's control without any need to recompile their kernel or make changes to the source code. For example, the aforementioned I/O scheduler dictates how the kernel prioritizes pending operations to either read from or write to persistent storage. This is an important setting for a variety of reasons. Does the kernel push through a document that you're trying to save to the disk first to improve desktop latency, or should it flush the system journal to disk to ensure that its available in the event of a crash? These sort of I/O scheduler decisions factor in a large number of variables like time spent waiting on the kernel, the urgency of the request, and more. Like nearly all low-level Linux settings, you can directly inspect which I/O scheduler your system is using by using a filesystem path. This information is controlled on a per-device basis using the virtual filesystem. On my system, I can find this by inserting the device that I'm interested in, , to a path in : sys sda /sys $ cat /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
[mq-deadline] kyber none This indicates that my drive is using the scheduler with the other methods, and , available for use but not actively chosen at this time. The scheduler is described as " ", which sounds good to me! sda mq-deadline kyber none mq-deadline [a] good all-rounder with fairly low CPU overhead You can also many of these settings using a similarly simple interface. The explains this well. In short, simply sending the desired scheduler name to the same path as before is sufficient. The following command would change the scheduler for this particular device to use the scheduler. Note that access is necessary to change these types of settings. change Linux Kernel documentation kyber root $ echo kyber > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler Per-device schedulers are just one of the runtime-tunable settings available on a running kernel. Check out these other settings for additional options: swappiness net.core Long Term Support Kernels: Oldies, but Goodies What if new, fancy features seem great, but you're primarily concerned about support and stability? The long-term support kernel, or , is a version of the Linux kernel specially optimized for support over a much longer period of time than a typical kernel. For systems that favor predictable, stable upgrades, using a kernel package suffixed with is often a very good choice. While no special patches have been applied, using a kernel like 5.15 means that support is guaranteed until October 2023 instead of any earlier. If you were to have adopted kernel 4.9 when it was released in December 2016, it will have been supported until January 2023 – that's a long time to not have to worry about breaking changes! LTS -lts The long-term support kernel is probably the most widely available kernel variant outside the mainline version. Some distributions like Ubuntu LTS ship with a long-term support kernel by default, but most other distributions provide the option to use an LTS kernel by installing and enabling a package with names similar to . Your chosen distribution likely has guides explaining how to install and use different kernels, so to try out the rock-solid LTS kernel, look for kernel packages ending with and follow your chosen distribution's instructions for using an alternate kernel package. linux-lts -lts Hardened Kernels: For the Security-minded Within information security, refers to the process of shoring up specific areas to mitigate potential exploits and vulnerabilities. The mainstream Linux kernel obviously tries to achieve this degree of security as much as reasonably possible, but some users may choose to constrain their kernel and its feature in order to trade them for increased security. The provides this. hardening hardened Linux kernel Typically, the hardened Linux kernel behaves very similarly to a typical kernel, though there are tradeoffs. For example, some applications may simply not work on a hardened kernel, and many pre-compiled kernel modules may need to use their equivalent in order to properly integrate with a hardened kernel. Nevertheless, for mission-critical applications where security is a priority, a hardened kernel is often the right choice. DKMS stands for "dynamic kernel module support" and is a feature that permits users to use the source code for kernel modules that do not have pre-compiled support for a desired kernel. For example, the project must be installed as a kernel module in order to use the ZFS filesystem on Linux. Many distributions provide a package that will install the pre-compiled module ready for use, which avoids lengthy compilation times and potential incompatibilities, but may not function correctly when using a custom kernel. An OpenZFS DKMS module, on the other hand, can compile itself on-the-fly against your chosen kernel in order to ensure that it functions as expected. DKMS OpenZFS on Linux Achieving Enlightenment with Zen The is one of the more widely supported community-based patch sets. While not a massive departure from the upstream Linux kernel, the zen (or Liquorix) kernel makes changes in order to supercharge performance. From the Liquorix web site: zen kernel Liquorix is a distro kernel replacement built using the best configuration and kernel sources for desktop, multimedia, and gaming workloads. One change, for example, is to alter the aforementioned I/O scheduler to select the algorithm by default, which optimizes for system responsiveness. Another set of changes compresses swap storage and uses an alternative caching algorithm to perform well under high memory load. bfq As one of the more well-established patch sets, there may already be a package in your distribution of choice ready to use – however, the also provides a tutorial explaining how to use this kernel if you need additional options. linux-zen project documentation Pushing FPS with Gaming Kernels The kernel is a specialized set of patches specifically designed to optimize gaming performance. Squeezing as many FPS as possible out of a graphics card can be a strenuous exercise, but changes in the tkg patch set can offer additional gains with focused changes to critical pieces of the Linux kernel. linux-tkg For example, additional CPU schedulers have been added, like the scheduler or the patch set. Network algorithms like are enabled by default, as are optimized compilation flags like to squeeze as much performance out of compiled code as possible. Project C -ck Cake -O2 The patch set is less ubiquitous than the LTS or Zen kernels, but the provide a comprehensive guide detailing how to compile and install the custom kernel. -tkg installation steps on GitHub The patch set provides a similar set of features targeting users that require a low-latency, high-performance kernel suitable for use cases like gaming. In either case, the tkg and XanMod kernels offer a very specialized form of Linux kernel that can still function as a day-to-day operating system with additional benefits on gaming machines. XanMod Real-time Kernels The term "real-time computing" refers to the concept of a system that aims to guarantee that certain operations run an a given window of time. For example, a system that controls the brakes of a car or the wings of an aircraft cannot afford to be interrupted by a flush of pending writes to a disk or drawing images on a screen. The project provides a set of patches that offer this functionality. While these features are often very specialized and not typically suited for desktop or server applications, they can nevertheless be critically important in the right situation. For projects that have applications in particular industries, these real-time patches are a necessity. Real Time Linux The suite of kernels have a much more targeted audience but are often more widespread than kernels optimized for gaming or low-latency due to their importance where they remain in-use. Your distribution's package manager may provide these types of kernels under names like or . -rt linux-rt linux-rt-lts Hybrid Kernels There are many more specialized kernels out there that we explore, but we'd be here all day! With that said, there's even more ways to customize a kernel using the different types we've talked about already. An interesting trait of many of these patches is that they're often into kernels that blend their features into one kernel source tree. For example, a critical piece of operational machining infrastructure may require the real-time capabilities of an kernel but also benefit from the additional security of a hardened kernel. As long as different patches can be applied cleanly together, nothing stops you from mixing and matching kernels tailored to your exact needs. combined -rt Some distributions provide this simply by combining patch sets into the kernel's package name. For example, the Arch Linux User repository provides the package, which combines the real-time and long-term support kernel features. Ubuntu provides packages like specialized with various changes to optimize the kernel for operation in AWS EC2. linux-rt-lts linux-image-*-aws Regardless of your chosen distribution, if you're interested in running a custom kernel, be sure to explore your distribution's packages for available kernels. They provide the simplest and quickest way to get started with a specialized version of the Linux kernel. Go forth and Tinker! This article has only scratched the surface of the Linux kernel landscape. While many of these kernels are widespread and commonly found in the majority of distribution repositories, some more esoteric patch sets exist that push the kernel even further. With an open-source kernel, you could even modify the kernel yourself to compile one custom to your own needs, but that's a guide for another time. Until then, check out some of these resources for more information and find a kernel that you'd like to try for yourself! ArchWiki - Kernel Ubuntu kernels from Canonical The Linux Kernel Archives

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Tutorial: Extending Sonic With Limit Orders Using ic-cron Library

💾 Iso Prep Download the iso and check the gpg signature via the website mount the iso in a usb via something like balena etcher 🚀 Launch Install make sure the bios have the disable and boot on the iso secure boot 🎹 Set Up the Keyboard Layout By default the layout is set to . US If you want to list all the layouts available do . ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz Use a layout with, for example, (here German layout). loadkeys de-latin1 🛰️ Go to the Internet Wifi dosent work out of the box but ethernet yes Check your network interface name via . ip link Check the status of your wifi card with . If your card is blocked, unblocked them with . rfkill rfkill unblock your-card-id For the wifi connection you have to use the package. Hopefully arch include the package in the iso. iwd Open the prompt with and : iwctl list all your device with device list launch a scan station [device name] scan get the list of the available network station [device name] get-network connect to the network with station [device name] connect [SSID] enter the password check the connection with and station [device name] show ping archlinux.org done :) automatically stores network passphrases in the directory and uses them to auto-connect in the future. iwd /var/lib/iwd 🕛 Update System Clock Just do . Check the service status with . timedatectl set-ntp true timedatectl status 💽 Disk Partitioning warning : this step erase all the data in your disk if you confirm the operation ! List your drive with and note the one you want to use. fdisk -l Open the prompt on the right disk with . fdisk /dev/[your disk] remind to delete the old partition before the following command.
Do that with command and the id of the partition. d Let's create the partition, in the open fdisk prompt : Here we create a gpt partition because I do a EFI install create a new gpt label with g add the first partition with (efi) n partition number is 1 the first sector is the default one (just hit enter) the last sector is for 550mb +550M add the second partition with (swap) n partition number is 2 the first sector is the default one the last sector is (handle the size of your swap like you want, minimum 2gb is ok) +4G add the last partition with (primary/data) n partition number is 3 the first sector is the default one the last sector is the default one Ok now we need to change the partition type with the command : t chose for partition the type (list all the partition type with if your are not sure 1 1 L chose for partition the type 2 19 don't change the partition 3 Just enter to write the partition table. w 🗃️ Make the File System For the efi partition, we need to have a FAT32 file system, do it with mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/[your partition 1] For the swap we need a swap filesystem, do it with mkswap /dev/[your partition 2] and activate the swap with swapon /dev/[your partition 2] For the main partition we do a ext4 filesytem : mkfs.ext4 /dev/[your partition 3] ⚡ Mount the Big Partition in the Live Environment Simply do mount /dev/[your partition 3] /mnt 🧬 Install the Base System We do it via .
Here is the arch system, the kernel. pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware base linux 🧫 Generate the fstab Simply do . genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab 🔑 Log to the Newly Installed Arch Do . arch-chroot /mnt 🌍 Set the Timezone here the region and city is in the file /usr/share/zoneinfo do ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/_Region_/_City_ /etc/localtime and generate with /etc/adjtime hwclock --systohc 🏴‍☠️ Set the Locale you need to install nano if you want to use it Edit the file , and uncomment the good option for you. locale.gen nano /etc/locale.gen For example for the generic qwerty. en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 And generate the local with . locale-gen Add the following line to : . /etc/locale.conf LANG=en_US.UTF-8 👽 Set the Hostname and the Host Just add the wanted hostname in . /etc/hostname For the host open and add the following line : /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost
::1       localhost
127.0.1.1 [your-hostname].localdomain [your-hostname] 🤓 Create the User set the password the root password with passwd create a user with useradd -m username set the password of the new user passwd username set the group for the user usermod -aG wheel,audio,video,optical,storage username 🎛 Install Sudo and Authorize the User to Use Wheel Group install with pacman -S sudo and open with and uncomment the line. visudo EDITOR=nano visudo %whell ALL=(ALL) ALL Here we use nano but if you want to use vi remove EDITOR=nano, if you don’t want nano nor vi replace nano with your loved one 📟 Install Grub and Basic Package just do pacman -S grub efibootmgr dosfstools os-prober mtools 🎬 Make the EFI Directory and Mount It Do and mkdir /boot/EFI mount /dev/[your efi partition] /boot/EFI 🪃 Init grub install grub (for efi) with grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck create the config grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 📦 The Other Stuff (Networking, etc...) Here we install the package, because after the final reboot the package will no longer be available. networkmanager iwd We install too. git pacman -S networkmanager git Enable network manager with . systemctl enable NetworkManager ♻️ Reboot Before reboot exit and unmount : exit
umount -R /mnt And ! reboot 📡 Reconnect WiFi after the Login If the ping command failed after the installation you need to relogin to your wifi. For that we use the previously installed package. nmcli Check if the radio is on with , if not open up with . nmcli radio wifi nmcli radio wifi on Check the wifi point with . nmcli dev wifi list Check your device with . nmcli dev status And connect with . sudo nmcli dev wifi connect [network-ssid] password [network-password] If you want to look all the saved connection do . nmcli con show 📽️ Video Driver For nvidia do pacman -S nvidia nvidia-settings nvidia-utils For other check the wiki 🎞️ Xorg Server Actually we use xorg but if you want another display server check the wiki Install with . xorg-server If needed install check the wiki to know if you need it. xorg-apps It usefull to install xmessage too . pacman -S xorg-xmessage 🧮 Base Devel for Makepkg Mandatory for the use of the AUR package Just do a pacman -S --needed base-devel 🍱 The Essential Package List of, my, essential package to have on a fresh install : unzip pacman -S unzip nerd font Warning: This is a large size repo clone the repo https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts.git run for installing all the font ./install.sh bluetooth pacman -S bluez-utils paru (for easy gestion of the aur package) clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git cd into the repo build it makepkg -si 🔏 Activate the Num Lock This method is good because is activate the numlock in the early bootup stage, usefull for the psw prompt in the full-disk encryption for example. Install the AUR package. mkinitcpio-numlock Add in the line (before encrypt if present) in . numlock HOOKS /etc/mkinitcpio.conf Usually between modconf and block ⁉️ And Now What? Now you have Arch and the minimum for booting correctly. All you have to do is install the window manager or the desktop environment you want! Check for information. the wiki page For example, if you want KDE : pacman -S plasma kde-applications If you want some tutorial stuff for XMonad I'm writing a story in a few days, wait for the update! Happy arching mate 🖖

Step-by-Step Guide to Installing Arch Linux 

Let’s talk about Kubernetes security As Kubernetes continues to grow in adoption, it is important for us to know how to secure it. In a dynamic infrastructure platform such as Kubernetes, detecting and addressing threats is important but also challenging at the same time. Falco, the open source cloud native runtime security project, is one of the leading open source Kubernetes threat detection engines. Falco was created by Sysdig in 2016 and is the first runtime security project to join CNCF as an incubation-level project. Falco detects unexpected application behaviour and alerts on threats at runtime. Why is it difficult? Security is one of the harder challenges of running Kubernetes according to . The reason it is difficult is that there are multiple moving layers in a cloud native stack, hence operators may not focus on security early on. Another contributor is that some distributions of Kubernetes may not be secure by default, contrary to what operators assume. this analysis Prevention and Detection Information security is a process that moves through phases building and strengthening itself along the way. Security is a journey, not a destination. Although the Information Security process has multiple strategies and activities, we can group them all into three distinct phases - prevention, detection, and response. Preventive measures Preventive measures include having proper access control, authentication and authorization in place. No matter what level of protection a system may have, it will get compromised given a greater level of motivation and skill. There is no foolproof “silver bullet” security solution. A defense in-depth strategy should be deployed so when each layer fails, it fails safely to a known state and sounds an alarm. The most important element of this strategy is timely detection and notification of a compromise. Detective measures An example of detective measures includes sending logs from security and network devices like host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) and network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to an SIEM and building rules to alert when suspicious activity is seen. According to the defense in-depth approach, we should be auditing and placing detection triggers on multiple layers of the technology stack, from looking at cloud audit logs (like Cloudtrail), the Kubernetes cluster, containers, application code, host OS and the kernel. We will take a look at the detective measures in this blog which will further help us to respond to these threats. Image credit: @leodido Setting Falco up on Kubernetes The most secure way to run Falco is to install Falco directly on the host system so that Falco is isolated from Kubernetes in the case of compromise. Then the Falco alerts can be consumed via read-only agents running in Kubernetes. Falco can also be run directly in Kubernetes if isolation is not a concern. We will be setting Falco up using Helm in this tutorial, but you should be aware of the pros and cons of the method you are choosing. Prerequisite: We need a working Kubernetes setup for this. You can use a cloud Kubernetes offering from AWS/GCP or set one up yourself locally using . We also require kubectl and to be installed on your client machine. Steps minikube Helm Let’s start with the installation of Falco. 1. Add the falcosecurity repo in Helm $ helm repo add falcosecurity https: $ helm repo update
Hang tight we grab the latest your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update the chart repository
...Successfully got an update the chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈ //falcosecurity.github.io/charts while from from "falcosecurity" from "stable" 2. Installing the chart $ helm install falco falcosecurity/falco
NAME: falco
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov : : NAMESPACE: STATUS: deployed
REVISION: TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
Falco agents are spinning up on each node your cluster. After a few
seconds, they are going to start monitoring your containers looking security issues.
No further action should be required. 9 22 09 28 2020 default 1 in for 3. After a few seconds Falco should be running, to verify, you will see the pods you created in a moment. $ helm ls
$ kubectl get pods Setting up the environment We will need an environment to emulate the attacks and detect them. Let us set it up. We will be using Helm for this. Let’s add Helm’s stable repository and install chart from it. mysql-db $ helm repo add stable https: $ helm repo update
Hang tight we grab the latest your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update the chart repository
...Successfully got an update the chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈ //charts.helm.sh/stable while from from "falcosecurity" from "stable" $ helm install mysql-db stable/mysql
NAME: mysql-db
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov : : NAMESPACE: STATUS: deployed
REVISION: NOTES:
MySQL can be accessed via port on the following DNS name within your cluster:
mysql-db.default.svc.cluster.local
... 9 22 11 07 2020 default 1 3306 from Let us now monitor Falco logs: $ kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY  STATUS   RESTARTS  AGE
falco rr9r / Running m
mysql-db-d5dc6b85d hrm / Running m
ubuntu / Running m

$ kubectl logs -f falco rr9r # Replace your Falco pod name here -6 1 1 0 49 -77 1 1 0 47 1 1 0 43 -6 with Analyzing Falco’s logs The first steps when an attacker does after they gain access to a Kubernetes cluster is to enumerate available network hosts. An attacker will try to find their way around a seemingly new environment. They can try to use safe/less noisy commands to gain more insights from the cluster. Let us go through the steps an attacker might do and look at the corresponding detection signals from Falco. We will use the default ruleset which comes with Falco, these rules can be tuned as per your needs in your environment. You can find Falco’s default rules here: https://github.com/falcosecurity/falco/tree/master/rules Terminal shell in container Description: Detecting terminal shells being spawned in pods. We open a terminal shell on a running pod to replicate the scenario. $ kubectl exec -it mysql-db-d5dc6b85d hrm -- bash -il # Replace the mysql pod name you have -77 with Detection: : : : Notice A shell was spawned a container an attached terminal (user=root user_loginuid= k8s.ns= k8s.pod=mysql-db-d5dc6b85d hrm container= fc8155f9d1a shell=bash parent=runc cmdline=bash -il terminal= container_id= fc8155f9d1a image=mysql) k8s.ns= k8s.pod=mysql-db-d5dc6b85d hrm container= fc8155f9d1a 18 08 40.584075795 in with -1 default -77 3 34816 3 default -77 3 Contact Kubernetes API Server From Container Description: We run kube-recon, which is a tool which does initial reconnaissance in a Kubernetes environment. This rule detects attempts to contact the Kubernetes API Server from a container. $ kubectl run kuberecon --tty -i --image octarinesec/kube-recon
/ # ./kube-recon / / : : Testing K8S API permissions / / : : Your K8S API Server is configured properly / / : : Running Nmap on the discovered IPs / / : : Getting local ip address and subnet / / : : Trying to download EICAR file / / : : Downloaded EICAR successfully. No malware protection is place 2020 11 09 18 21 22 2020 11 09 18 21 23 2020 11 09 18 21 23 2020 11 09 18 21 23 2020 11 09 18 21 23 2020 11 09 18 21 23 in Detection: : : : Notice A shell was spawned a container an attached terminal (user=root user_loginuid= k8s.ns= <NA> container=4f63870599d0 shell=sh parent=<NA> cmdline=sh terminal=34816 container_id=4f63870599d0 image=octarinesec/kube-recon) k8s.ns=<NA> k8s.pod=<NA> container=4f63870599d0
18:21:22.657590195: Warning Docker or kubernetes client executed in container (user=root user_loginuid=-1 k8s.ns=default k8s.pod=kuberecon container=4f63870599d0 parent=kube-recon cmdline=kubectl get pods image=octarinesec/kube-recon:latest) k8s.ns=default k8s.pod=kuberecon container=4f63870599d0
18:21:22.723707794: Notice Unexpected connection to K8s API Server from container (command=kubectl get pods k8s.ns=default k8s.pod=kuberecon container=4f63870599d0 image=octarinesec/kube-recon:latest connection=172.17.0.5:56972->10.96.0.1:443) k8s.ns=default k8s.pod=kuberecon container=4f63870599d0 18 20 45.927730981 in with -1 k8s.pod= < > NA Checking if shell is a container environment (Change thread namespace) Description: amicontained is a tool to check whether the shell is a containerized environment. The rule detects an attempt to change a program/thread’s namespace. $ cd /tmp; curl -L -o amicontained https: Output: 
Container Runtime: docker
Has Namespaces:
  pid: user: AppArmor Profile: kernel
Capabilities:
  BOUNDING -> chown dac_override fowner fsetid kill setgid setuid setpcap net_bind_service net_raw sys_chroot mknod audit_write setfcap
Seccomp: disabled    
Blocked Syscalls ( ):
  MSGRCV SYSLOG SETSID VHANGUP PIVOT_ROOT ACCT SETTIMEOFDAY UMOUNT2 SWAPON SWAPOFF REBOOT SETHOSTNAME SETDOMAINNAME INIT_MODULE DELETE_MODULE LOOKUP_DCOOKIE KEXEC_LOAD OPEN_BY_HANDLE_AT FINIT_MODULE //github.com/genuinetools/amicontained/releases/download/v0.4.7/amicontained-linux-amd64; chmod 555 amicontained; ./amicontained true false 19 Detection: : : : Notice Namespace change (setns) by unexpected program (user=root user_loginuid= command=amicontained parent=bash k8s.ns= k8s.pod=kuberecon container=c6112967b4f2 container_id=c6112967b4f2 image=octarinesec/kube-recon:latest) k8s.ns= k8s.pod=kuberecon container=c6112967b4f2
Mon Nov : : : Falco internal: syscall event drop. system calls dropped last second. : : : Critical Falco internal: syscall event drop. system calls dropped last second. (ebpf_enabled= n_drops= n_drops_buffer= n_drops_bug= n_drops_pf= n_evts= ) 18 43 37.288344192 -1 default default 9 18 43 37 2020 9 in 18 43 37.970973376 9 in 0 9 0 0 9 15232 Next steps In this tutorial, we looked at the basics of Kubernetes security monitoring and how Falco allows us to use rules to achieve the detection of security issues. The default detection ruleset of Falco is enough to get yourself up and running, but you will most likely need to build on top of the default ruleset. We will explore building and tuning these rules in the upcoming posts on security. That’s a wrap folks! Do share your thoughts in the comment section below. Previously published at https://www.infracloud.io/blogs/introduction-kubernetes-security-falco/

Kubernetes Security 101: Cloud Native Runtime Security with Falco

Welcome to the new way of scraping the web. In the following guide, we will scrape BestBuy product pages, without writing any parsers, using one simple library: Scrapezone SDK. This SDK does all of the heavy lifting for us, so all we need to do is import it and start scraping. The library allows scraping most of the leading eCommerce sites, but to keep it specific we will use it to scrape Best Buy here. Specifically, we will get the title, description, price, and rating information. This data can be used in so many interesting scenarios, and if are building a software product that uses parsed data from eCommerce websites, this can save you thousands of dollars and months of development. The SDK will avoid anti-bot detections for you, use different IP addresses and user fingerprints, and scale the scrape you send over thousands of parallel workers - so the rate and amounts of data you can scrape are almost endless. Why Scraping as a Sevice? You must have heard a lot about SAAS solutions, and maybe even building one yourself. The internet software world is turning into one that allows you to focus only on what you are building, without needing to deal with writing code that is already implemented as a product somewhere. Just like you don’t implement your own servers anymore or your eMail service, Scraping as a service is turning web scraping into an easy, usable service that just gets you the data you need. Before we start, let's set up the work environment In order to sarpe the BestBuy product details, we will use the Scrapzone Node.JS SDK. Node allows us to import and use external libraries in a breeze. If you are unfamiliar with Node.JS, download and install it according to the . After installing you can validate that node is installed on your system using the command: installation guide ``` node --version ``` If you see the version printed, you are all set. My current version is v14.15.0, but any node version above 8.0 should do. If you don’t have one yet, register for a free Scrapezone Account . This account will be loaded with 1,000 free scraping credits, which should get you started. After verifying your email address, you should log in to to get your scraping username and password. The details will be in Home -> API Information. here Scrapezone Dashboard Create a new folder named bestbuy scraper, and initialize a new node project in it. Open Terminal and type: ``` mkdir bestbuy_scraper cd bestbuy_scraper npm init ``` This will create a new standard npm project named ‘bestbuy_scraper’ in this folder. As you can see, the folder now contains a ‘package.json’ file. If you are new to Node.js, package.json is the file that defines the dependencies and project information. Now to install Scrapezone SDK type the line: ``` npm install scrapezone-node-sdk ``` This will add scrapezone-node-sdk to the project as a library. Scraping BestBuy Products: The Code Create a new file and name it ‘index.js’. Open it in your favourite editor and paste the following code: ``` const ScrapezoneClient = require('scrapezone-node-sdk'); const scrapezoneClient = new ScrapezoneClient("<YOUR_USER>", "<YOUR_PASS>"); scrapezoneClient.scrape({ scraper_name: amazon_product_display, query: [     'https://www.bestbuy.com/site/sony-wh-1000xm4-wireless-noise-cancelling-over-the-ear-headphones-black/6408356.p?skuId=6408356',    'https://www.bestbuy.com/site/sony-wi-1000xm2-wireless-noise-canceling-in-ear-headphones-black/6395364.p?skuId=6395364' ]}).then(results => console.log(results)); ``` Paste the username and password from Scrapezone Dashboard instead of <YOUR_USER>, <YOUR_PASS>, and you’re all set. What this code does is send an API request to Scrapezone and polling the results. For two product pages, the scraping time should be under 20 seconds, and for 1000 pages under 8 minutes. In this code, we use a BestBuy scraper, but you can use any of the official Scrapezone Scrapers, documented . here The code is very basic. The SDK receives an object with 2 parameters: scraper_name, and query. The scraper name specifies which scraper will be used, and the query is a list of URLs to scrape. To run the code, open terminal in this folder and type: ``` node index.js ``` Once the pages are scraped, the SDK will return a parsed JSON response, which we print to the console. The SDK is limited to 1,000 URLs in one query, so in case you need to scrape more URLs, it is possible to split the request into multiple chunks and send them in parallel. I hope this guide saved you a lot of precious time and that you find it very useful. Good luck and I hope you will be building amazing products using this cool technology.

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