Supersight

supersight

Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification VI. Concluding Remark and References VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS Ultimately, any blockchain accessibility solution has to decide on a split of responsibilities: either the user does most of the computation necessary or some third party does. A spectrum of solutions may be developed based on different types and needs of users, from a full node to a full third-party service. However, we consider that any solution must still adhere to reasonable security expectations: integrity, availability, and privacy. Most blockchain research is based on the assumption that users run their local nodes. This means the fact that running a full node is still the best way to provide integrity, availability, and privacy. Indeed we surveyed third-party service providers in the field and noted the lack of a data integrity guarantee when the provider is not trusted. We also recalled events that render the providers unable to provide service. These facts mean that third-party service providers can and do fail, and thus relying on them can become risky. At the same time, considering the high cost of running a full node locally, we believe that users should have more choice that does not impact the security guarantees. We observe the emergence of so-called ultralight nodes, which provides a way for third-party services to give a verifiable statement that requires little hardware power from the client. Many open questions remain regarding the accessibility of blockchains, even regarding full-node solutions and third-party providers. Any number of light node protocols can also be built to serve different users’ needs. We reiterate that ensuring the accessibility of blockchains is paramount for the technology. If we believe that blockchains are a common good, then making them accessible to all in a secure and available manner is critical for the future development of Web3 technology. Any information is as useful as how it can be read, and such reasoning also applies to blockchains. REFERENCES [1] AL-BASSAM, M., SONNINO, A., AND BUTERIN, V. Fraud and data availability proofs: Maximising light client security and scaling blockchains with dishonest majorities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.09044 (2018). [2] ALCHEMY. Alchemy. https://alchemy.com/, 2022. [3] ALL THAT NODE. All That Node. https://allthatnode.com/, 2022. [4] ANKR. Ankr. https://www.ankr.com/, 2022. [5] BADDOUR, R. Setting up a Litecoin super node: A complete step-bystep recipe that anyone can follow. https://medium.com/@baddour/sett ing-up-a-litecoin-full-node-a-complete-step-by-step-recipe-that-anyon e-can-follow-fb18b82d5cfe, 2022. [6] BINANCE. Binance. https://www.binance.us/, 2022. [7] BITCOIN PROJECT. Minimum requirements. https://bitcoin.org/en/ful l-node#minimum-requirements, 2022. [8] BITCOIN PROJECT. RPC API reference. https://developer.bitcoin.org/ reference/rpc/#, 2022. [9] BLOCKDAEMON. BlockDeamon. https://blockdaemon.com/, 2022. [10] BUNZ, B., KIFFER, L., LUU, L., AND ZAMANI, M. Flyclient: Superlight clients for cryptocurrencies. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2020), IEEE, pp. 928–946. [11] CHAINSTACK. Chainstack. https://chainstack.com/, 2022. [12] CHATZIGIANNIS, P., BALDIMTSI, F., AND CHALKIAS, K. Sok: Blockchain light clients. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (2022), Springer, pp. 615–641. [13] CLEPER, Y., AND BINDER, G. Lava: A decentralized RPC network for blockchains - litepaper v0.1. Tech. rep., Lava Protocol Inc., 2022. [14] COINCASHEW. How to run your own Monero node. https://www.co incashew.com/coins/overview-xmr/guide-or-how-to-run-a-full-node, 2022. [15] CONSENSYS. Privacy policy. http://web.archive.org/web/2022112109 5716/https://consensys.net/privacy-policy/, 2022. [16] CRYPTO.COM. Crypto.com. https://crypto.com/us, 2022. [17] DAIAN, P., GOLDFEDER, S., KELL, T., LI, Y., ZHAO, X., BENTOV, I., BREIDENBACH, L., AND JUELS, A. Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning in decentralized exchanges, miner extractable value, and consensus instability. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2020), IEEE, pp. 910–927. [18] DASH CORE GROUP. Masternode requirements. https://docs.dash.org/ en/stable/masternodes/understanding.html#masternode-requirements, 2022. [19] DATAHUB. DataHub. https://datahub.figment.io/, 2022. [20] DENNIS, R., AND DISSO, J. P. An analysis into the scalability of bitcoin and ethereum. In Third International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (2019), Springer, pp. 619–627. [21] ELECTRIC COIN COMPANY. Troubleshooting guide. https://zcash.read thedocs.io/en/latest/rtd pages/troubleshooting guide.html, 2022. [22] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Ethereum portal network. https://www.ethp ortal.net/, 2022. [23] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Light Ethereum subprotocol (LES). https: //github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/caps/les.md, 2022. [24] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Light node. https://ethereum.org/en/develo pers/docs/nodes-and-clients/#light-node, 2022. [25] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Node as a service. https://ethereum.org/en/ developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/nodes-as-a-service/, 2022. [26] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Requirements. https://ethereum.org/en/deve lopers/docs/nodes-and-clients/run-a-node/#requirements, 2022. [27] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Who should run a node? https://ethereum .org/en/run-a-node/, 2022. [28] FANTI, G., KOGAN, L., AND VISWANATH, P. Economics of proof-ofstake payment systems, 2019. [29] GETBLOCK. GetBlock. https://getblock.io/, 2022. [30] GOES, C. The interblockchain communication protocol: An overview. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15918 (2020). [31] GRIFFITH, E. Why the crypto collapse matters. The New York Times (Nov 2022). [32] INFSTONES. InfStones. https://infstones.com/, 2022. [33] INFURA. Infura. https://infura.io/, 2022. [34] KALEIDO. Kaleido. https://kaleido.io/, 2022. [35] LI, K., CHEN, J., LIU, X., TANG, Y. R., WANG, X., AND LUO, X. As strong as its weakest link: How to break blockchain dapps at rpc service. In NDSS (2021). [36] MALWA, S. Two Polygon, Fantom front ends hit by DNS attack. https: //www.coindesk.com/tech/2022/07/01/two-polygon-fantom-front-end s-hit-by-dns-attack/, 2022. [37] MEE, D. Bitcoin full node on RBP3 (revised). https://medium.com/@ meeDamian/bitcoin-full-node-on-rbp3-revised-88bb7c8ef1d1, 2017. [38] MEE, D. Litecoin full node on RBP3. https://medium.com/@meeDam ian/litecoin-full-node-on-rbp3-69f851f74f1b, 2017. [39] METAMASK SUPPORT. Why Infura cannot serve certain areas. https: //metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059386712-Why-MetaM ask-and-Infura-cannot-serve-certain-areas, 2022. [40] MORALIS. Moralis. https://moralis.io/, 2022. [41] NAKAMOTO, S. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review (2008), 21260. [42] NELSON, B. J. Remote procedure call. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 1981. [43] NOWNODES. NOWNodes. https://nownodes.io/, 2022. [44] PAAVOLAINEN, S., AND CARR, C. Security properties of light clients on the ethereum blockchain. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 124339–124358. [45] POCKET NETWORK. Pocket Network. https://www.pokt.network/, 2022. [46] QUICKNODE. QuickNode. https://www.quicknode.com/, 2022. [47] RIVET. Rivet. https://rivet.cloud/, 2022. [48] SENSEINODE. SenseiNode. https://senseinode.com/, 2022. [49] SETTLEMINT. SettleMint. https://console.settlemint.com/, 2022. [50] SOLANA FOUNDATION. Validator requirements. https://docs.solana.co m/running-validator/validator-reqs, 2022. [51] SONG, Y.-D., AND ASTE, T. The cost of bitcoin mining has never really increased. Frontiers in Blockchain (2020), 44. [52] WATCHDATA. WatchData. https://watchdata.io/, 2022. [53] XRP LEDGER. System requirements. https://xrpl.org/system-requireme nts.html, 2022. [54] YAISH, A., AND ZOHAR, A. Correct cryptocurrency asic pricing: Are miners overpaying. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.11064 (2020). [55] ZMOK. ZMOK. https://zmok.io/, 2022. Authors:
(1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu);
(2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com);
(3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification VI. Concluding Remark and References VI. Concluding Remark and References VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS Ultimately, any blockchain accessibility solution has to decide on a split of responsibilities: either the user does most of the computation necessary or some third party does. A spectrum of solutions may be developed based on different types and needs of users, from a full node to a full third-party service. However, we consider that any solution must still adhere to reasonable security expectations: integrity, availability, and privacy. Most blockchain research is based on the assumption that users run their local nodes. This means the fact that running a full node is still the best way to provide integrity, availability, and privacy. Indeed we surveyed third-party service providers in the field and noted the lack of a data integrity guarantee when the provider is not trusted. We also recalled events that render the providers unable to provide service. These facts mean that third-party service providers can and do fail, and thus relying on them can become risky. At the same time, considering the high cost of running a full node locally, we believe that users should have more choice that does not impact the security guarantees. We observe the emergence of so-called ultralight nodes, which provides a way for third-party services to give a verifiable statement that requires little hardware power from the client. Many open questions remain regarding the accessibility of blockchains, even regarding full-node solutions and third-party providers. Any number of light node protocols can also be built to serve different users’ needs. We reiterate that ensuring the accessibility of blockchains is paramount for the technology. If we believe that blockchains are a common good, then making them accessible to all in a secure and available manner is critical for the future development of Web3 technology. Any information is as useful as how it can be read, and such reasoning also applies to blockchains. REFERENCES [1] AL-BASSAM, M., SONNINO, A., AND BUTERIN, V. Fraud and data availability proofs: Maximising light client security and scaling blockchains with dishonest majorities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.09044 (2018). [2] ALCHEMY. Alchemy. https://alchemy.com/, 2022. [3] ALL THAT NODE. All That Node. https://allthatnode.com/, 2022. [4] ANKR. Ankr. https://www.ankr.com/, 2022. [5] BADDOUR, R. Setting up a Litecoin super node: A complete step-bystep recipe that anyone can follow. https://medium.com/@baddour/sett ing-up-a-litecoin-full-node-a-complete-step-by-step-recipe-that-anyon e-can-follow-fb18b82d5cfe, 2022. [6] BINANCE. Binance. https://www.binance.us/, 2022. [7] BITCOIN PROJECT. Minimum requirements. https://bitcoin.org/en/ful l-node#minimum-requirements, 2022. [8] BITCOIN PROJECT. RPC API reference. https://developer.bitcoin.org/ reference/rpc/#, 2022. [9] BLOCKDAEMON. BlockDeamon. https://blockdaemon.com/, 2022. [10] BUNZ, B., KIFFER, L., LUU, L., AND ZAMANI, M. Flyclient: Superlight clients for cryptocurrencies. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2020), IEEE, pp. 928–946. [11] CHAINSTACK. Chainstack. https://chainstack.com/, 2022. [12] CHATZIGIANNIS, P., BALDIMTSI, F., AND CHALKIAS, K. Sok: Blockchain light clients. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (2022), Springer, pp. 615–641. [13] CLEPER, Y., AND BINDER, G. Lava: A decentralized RPC network for blockchains - litepaper v0.1. Tech. rep., Lava Protocol Inc., 2022. [14] COINCASHEW. How to run your own Monero node. https://www.co incashew.com/coins/overview-xmr/guide-or-how-to-run-a-full-node, 2022. [15] CONSENSYS. Privacy policy. http://web.archive.org/web/2022112109 5716/https://consensys.net/privacy-policy/, 2022. [16] CRYPTO.COM. Crypto.com. https://crypto.com/us, 2022. [17] DAIAN, P., GOLDFEDER, S., KELL, T., LI, Y., ZHAO, X., BENTOV, I., BREIDENBACH, L., AND JUELS, A. Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning in decentralized exchanges, miner extractable value, and consensus instability. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2020), IEEE, pp. 910–927. [18] DASH CORE GROUP. Masternode requirements. https://docs.dash.org/ en/stable/masternodes/understanding.html#masternode-requirements, 2022. [19] DATAHUB. DataHub. https://datahub.figment.io/, 2022. [20] DENNIS, R., AND DISSO, J. P. An analysis into the scalability of bitcoin and ethereum. In Third International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (2019), Springer, pp. 619–627. [21] ELECTRIC COIN COMPANY. Troubleshooting guide. https://zcash.read thedocs.io/en/latest/rtd pages/troubleshooting guide.html, 2022. [22] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Ethereum portal network. https://www.ethp ortal.net/, 2022. [23] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Light Ethereum subprotocol (LES). https: //github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/caps/les.md, 2022. [24] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Light node. https://ethereum.org/en/develo pers/docs/nodes-and-clients/#light-node, 2022. [25] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Node as a service. https://ethereum.org/en/ developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/nodes-as-a-service/, 2022. [26] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Requirements. https://ethereum.org/en/deve lopers/docs/nodes-and-clients/run-a-node/#requirements, 2022. [27] ETHEREUM FOUNDATION. Who should run a node? https://ethereum .org/en/run-a-node/, 2022. [28] FANTI, G., KOGAN, L., AND VISWANATH, P. Economics of proof-ofstake payment systems, 2019. [29] GETBLOCK. GetBlock. https://getblock.io/, 2022. [30] GOES, C. The interblockchain communication protocol: An overview. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15918 (2020). [31] GRIFFITH, E. Why the crypto collapse matters. The New York Times (Nov 2022). [32] INFSTONES. InfStones. https://infstones.com/, 2022. [33] INFURA. Infura. https://infura.io/, 2022. [34] KALEIDO. Kaleido. https://kaleido.io/, 2022. [35] LI, K., CHEN, J., LIU, X., TANG, Y. R., WANG, X., AND LUO, X. As strong as its weakest link: How to break blockchain dapps at rpc service. In NDSS (2021). [36] MALWA, S. Two Polygon, Fantom front ends hit by DNS attack. https: //www.coindesk.com/tech/2022/07/01/two-polygon-fantom-front-end s-hit-by-dns-attack/, 2022. [37] MEE, D. Bitcoin full node on RBP3 (revised). https://medium.com/@ meeDamian/bitcoin-full-node-on-rbp3-revised-88bb7c8ef1d1, 2017. [38] MEE, D. Litecoin full node on RBP3. https://medium.com/@meeDam ian/litecoin-full-node-on-rbp3-69f851f74f1b, 2017. [39] METAMASK SUPPORT. Why Infura cannot serve certain areas. https: //metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360059386712-Why-MetaM ask-and-Infura-cannot-serve-certain-areas, 2022. [40] MORALIS. Moralis. https://moralis.io/, 2022. [41] NAKAMOTO, S. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review (2008), 21260. [42] NELSON, B. J. Remote procedure call. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 1981. [43] NOWNODES. NOWNodes. https://nownodes.io/, 2022. [44] PAAVOLAINEN, S., AND CARR, C. Security properties of light clients on the ethereum blockchain. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 124339–124358. [45] POCKET NETWORK. Pocket Network. https://www.pokt.network/, 2022. [46] QUICKNODE. QuickNode. https://www.quicknode.com/, 2022. [47] RIVET. Rivet. https://rivet.cloud/, 2022. [48] SENSEINODE. SenseiNode. https://senseinode.com/, 2022. [49] SETTLEMINT. SettleMint. https://console.settlemint.com/, 2022. [50] SOLANA FOUNDATION. Validator requirements. https://docs.solana.co m/running-validator/validator-reqs, 2022. [51] SONG, Y.-D., AND ASTE, T. The cost of bitcoin mining has never really increased. Frontiers in Blockchain (2020), 44. [52] WATCHDATA. WatchData. https://watchdata.io/, 2022. [53] XRP LEDGER. System requirements. https://xrpl.org/system-requireme nts.html, 2022. [54] YAISH, A., AND ZOHAR, A. Correct cryptocurrency asic pricing: Are miners overpaying. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.11064 (2020). [55] ZMOK. ZMOK. https://zmok.io/, 2022. Authors: (1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu); (2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com); (3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu); (2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com); (3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Balancing Blockchain Access: Local Nodes vs. Third-Party Services

Let’s skip the technobabble and talk about how blockchain will impact the wallets of you, me and maybe even your mom. WTF is blockchain, really? We’ve been bombarded with this, and that, but really…why should the Average Joe give a #$%?? decentralization trustlessness So let’s start with what blockchain actually does: Blockchain individual contributions, and in some cases, to these contributors. VERIFIES DISTRIBUTES VALUE A glorified ledger that tracks . Cool. But let’s be honest with ourselves, this sounds like gibberish to most people, especially our parents. stuff What does this for the Average Joe? actually mean Blockchain will provide a way for people (and things) to be compensated for ALL types of contributions: big or small, work or leisure. Your previously INVALUABLE skills, knowledge, creativity and time…now have VALUE. Fancy shmancy. To understand how we get there, let’s revisit history. Internet = “Information Superhighway” Back when Kurt Cobain, Tupac and Biggie were still alive, the Average Joe described the Internet as the A cheesy phrase if you ask me, but still better than “Information Superhighway.” Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Like blockchain, the Internet means different things to different people. At its core, however, it solved a major problem from the Real World. It’s cumbersome and expensive to share information in the Analog world, especially around the globe. The “ solved this by providing instant global distribution of digital information. These new capabilities have ushered in a period of unprecedented new value creation. Information Superhighway” But, where the F did all the value (aka money) go?!? The Internet, aka “ provides instant global distribution of digital info Information Superhighway,” Today’s challenges with “Value” How does one determine the “value” of an item or activity? It’s a difficult and rather esoteric exercise, so the tendency is to valuate based off either initial inputs (e.g. time spent) or final outputs (e.g. product, cash flow), ignoring most everything in between. Outdated compensation models Today’s organizations are incredibly reliant on the cooperation and contributions of its employees. So it’s mind-blowing that companies still compensate their employees using Industrial Era models that haven’t changed in 100+ years: hourly wages, salaries based on attendance, and flat rates based on time spent. Input, time-based compensation is woefully inefficient for compensating productive work in today’s modern economy. Even worse, it undervalues important contributions such as leadership, mentorship and cooperation. Ignored contributors On the other end of the valuation challenge, you have many stakeholders and contributors who are “left out in the cold.” For example, consider that the vast majority of Facebook’s content is provided by consumers and small business partners. Yet, these contributors are often under-compensated or not compensated at all. The collective value from their contributions is instead held by the Facebook corporation that owns the final product and its associated digital info. Concentrated control Whether one is valuating contributions based on initial inputs or final outputs, both methods rely on a centralized player to determine and distribute compensation. A centralized entity that determines how much is worth. your time A centralized entity that owns the final product, all of its associated info, and much of its accrued value…and has the to distribute value to you (or not) as it sees fit. exclusive choice To put it more plainly, just imagine you had a boss like Michael Scott deciding the value of all your work contributions… Valuating your work like it’s 1918 Distributin’ ain’t easy What about the centralized entities who ? do want to compensate their contributors $30+ billion Airbnb and $60+ billion Uber have the crucial role of their sharing economy contributors: publicly acknowledged “We believe that enabling private companies to grant [sharing economy participants] equity in the company from an earlier stage would further align incentives between such companies and their sharing economy participants to the benefit of both.” But as the illustrated, good intentions may not be enough to overcome the significant hurdles in distributing “value” to contributors. Today’s regulatory frameworks and liquidity options are simply not designed for free-flowing distribution of “value.” Juno case Blockchain = more precise, less biased valuations Bitcoin’s appropriately named consensus model, in a nutshell, is a transparent way to verify one’s work contributions. proof of work Art and science…but more science By using math to directly verify work contributions, Bitcoin and other blockchains are able to pinpoint the “value” of an individual’s contribution from the larger haystack. Think of it like MRI scans for valuations. Direct and precise verification lays the groundwork for new valuation models that will be magnitudes better than previous models that relied on indirect and imprecise inputs and outputs. As consensus and valuation models improve, I’d expect an exponential growth in the number of activities and contributions that will be efficiently compensated. Gatekeepers not required A transparent verification process means anyone around the world . This makes it that much more difficult for a misbehaving gatekeeper (like Michael Scott) to suppress, ignore or manipulate the “value” of your contributions. can see where the value is coming from Transparency combined with well-designed incentives (aka value distribution) means we can avoid the altogether. centralized Leviathan Blockchain = wider, more aligned distribution Besides giving us the warm fuzzies, why should we care about distributing “value” to contributors? Because incentives drive us. When “value” is offered as an incentive, humans will literally move mountains. Case in point: Silicon Valley. Mo Distribution, Mo Value When asked about Silicon Valley’s greatest innovation, iconic products typically come to mind: the personal computer, smart phones, social networks, etc. But perhaps Silicon Valley’s greatest innovation isn’t technological, rather, it’s behavioral, in the form of employee stock options. Let me explain. Valley tech companies the distribution of company equity to employees, essentially transforming these employees into mini-owners. These employees were then incentivized to grow their individual wealth by aligning their work activities with the interests of the larger company. Today, tech companies’ dominance of the stock market and our everyday lives highlights the effectiveness of using value distribution to align groups of people. pioneered The from Silicon Valley is that “value” is NOT a . insight zero-sum game The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The for blockchain is that value distribution incentivizes the group alignment that creates even more “value.” The wider the value distribution, the greater the group alignment, the more net “value” is generated. lesson Employee stock options democratized ownership of company “value” from a few founders to thousands of employees. Blockchain takes this democratization to a whole new level to include MILLIONS, perhaps even BILLIONS of consumers, partners and other contributors. Blockchain = “Value Superhighway” Tying together better valuation models with wider distribution give us the conditions for blockchain to be a superhighway for in the same way the Internet was a superhighway for . value, information Blockchain, aka “ provides instant global distribution of digital value Value Superhighway,” The Internet solved a major problem of the Analog World by digitizing stuff and distributing it everywhere. However, the Internet still sucks at distributing value. Blockchain solves this problem by valuating stuff and distributing it everywhere. Just as the Internet was built off the lessons and infrastructure of the Analog World, so will blockchain build off the lessons and infrastructure of the Internet. How will this affect my wallet? Multiple income streams FTW Consider the many different work activities you perform for your job today. Now think about the many different leisure activities you enjoy. What if you could be compensated for each of these work and leisure activities? In fact, there already are several blockchain solutions that compensate you for activities such as , the web, , and even . answering surveys browsing online shopping watching TV Now, not every activity can or should be compensated via blockchain. But just as the Internet enabled completely new ways to make money (did anyone predict social media managers?), blockchain will do the same. So the bigger question is how such a future will affect you, your family, friends and colleagues? Would having multiple income streams change your attitude towards your 9-to-5 job? How would you allocate your free time? How would you differentiate between Work and Play if you’re getting compensated for both? The Long Road Ahead Construction on Route 66 The Internet, aka “Information Superhighway,” required decades of iteration on products, ecosystems and business models to arrive at an efficient global network for information. Likewise, for blockchain, aka “Value Superhighway,” much work remains on what is today, just a dirt trail. This is a multi-decade journey that will require patience as the industry proceeds . But the underlying ingredients are incredibly promising: one bite at a time Thanks to improved valuations and better aligned distribution on the “Value Superhighway,” blockchain will have a major impact on how we organize, work and play. In future posts, I’ll explore in more detail how blockchain will touch our daily lives, as well as dive into the building blocks of the “Value Superhighway.” Progress never proceeds in a straight line — there will certainly be plenty of detours, dead-ends and accidents along the way. My hat goes off to all the entrepreneurs, investors, regulators, academics, and most of all — the contributors, who are paving the road for others to follow. I’m just happy to go along for the ride. Like what you read? If so, please hold the clap button to clap away! Follow to be notified of future posts. Thanks to Luke Xie , Matthieu Courtin , Ed Wu , Jim Breese and Rajiv Pardiwala for their invaluable feedback.

Blockchain: The “Value Superhighway” into your Wallet

Drone Delivery and Flight Mapping Using the Blockchain After months of quiet work from an incredibly talented and immensely dedicated , it is a true pleasure to unveil an Ethereum-based blockchain technology that will team AERO Token , enable a drone highway infrastructure within the United States. Moving aspects of the sharing economy onto the blockchain, starting with airspace, is a high-impact, real world use of the blockchain that will radically transmogrify the sharing economy. necessary to enable and easily facilitate the consent of property owners for low-altitude drone flight over private property. AERO Token provides the missing technological and legal mechanism By utilizing the blockchain, enhances the sharing economy by demonstrating that , over private property, can be easily leveraged to generate income. AERO Token under-utilized assets airspace Problem: In the United States, drone operators need permission to fly at low-altitude over private property without trespassing and there is significant demand for commercial drone services (i.e. parcel delivery). According to the , 86% of American parcels are under 5 lbs. and can be handled by drones, which would rapidly accelerate retailer-to-consumer transactions, while providing the added benefit of alleviating traffic congestion and lowering logistical services environmental impact. NYTimes Solution: AERO Token enables hosts (i.e. property owners) to authorize their property for commercial drone Right-of-Way operations. Participants can notify the blockchain their airspace is available, making their under-used asset (i.e. airspace) a source of income generation and maximize its potential value. AERO Network Flight Routes and Chain of Connectivity will serve as a repository of navigable airspace for commercial drone service providers, utilizing the blockchain to broadcast available airspace, match hosts with drone service providers and ensure compensation to appropriate AERO Network participants. AERO Network AERO Network flight routes will be determined from available Right-of-Ways on the AERO Network. Drone service providers can map contiguous flight routes from daisy-chaining available airspace on the AERO Network, enabling uninterrupted flight routes. Please see the , by Chase Perkins, Eric Wroble and Hayley Halpin for the white paper in its entirety. AERO Token White Paper AERO Token Pre-Sale Starts: 9.25.2017 0.000085 BTC AERO Token Pre-Sale Price: 1,000,000,000 (“1 Billion AERO Token”) AERO Token Fixed Supply: Up to 33% of Fixed Total Token Supply Available During Pre-Sale: 25,000 BTC AERO Token Raise Goal: is an Ethereum-based blockchain technology that enables property owners (i.e. hosts) to grant temporary Right-of-Way easements to authorized drone service providers in exchange for income. AERO Token

AERO: Enabling the Drone Superhighway Using the Blockchain

Telegram: Crypto Island's Bridge to the Mainland

টেলিগ্রাম: ক্রিপ্টো দ্বীপের মূল ভূখণ্ডের সেতু

Telegram: Die Brücke der Kryptoinsel zum Festland

Telegram: el puente de Crypto Island hacia el continente

Télégramme : le pont de Crypto Island vers le continent

टेलीग्राम: क्रिप्टो द्वीप का मुख्य भूमि से पुल

Telegram: クリプト島と本土を結ぶ橋

텔레그램: 크립토 아일랜드에서 본토로 연결되는 다리

Telegram: a ponte da Crypto Island para o continente

Telegram: мост Крипто-острова на материк

Telegram: Kripto Adası'nın anakaraya olan köprüsü

Telegram: Cầu nối đảo Crypto vào đất liền

Telegram：加密岛通往大陆的桥梁

Dedicated to BakkaPhoenix Books

Amazon Falcon Lite vs OpenAI ChatGPT - The Large Language Model Battle

Welcome back, friends! In the wild expanse of the internet, there's a place that often sparks curiosity and intrigue—the Dark Web. Just as the name suggests, it's a little mysterious, and maybe a bit scary. But let's clear the air and set some things straight. The is a piece of the internet puzzle that's intentionally hidden away. It's like the underground network of the internet, accessible only through special browsers. And despite the ominous name and reputation, the Dark Web isn't just a shadowy haunt for cybercriminals. It's also a haven for activists seeking to avoid persecution, whistleblowers looking to share their truths, or everyday folks who value their privacy. Dark Web Before you take your first steps into this digital 'back-alley', I must stress the importance of understanding the legal and ethical implications. Accessing the Dark Web is not an illegal act, but participating in certain activities within it certainly can be. It's a bit like stepping into a city with hidden corners - it's okay to explore, but straying down the wrong path can land you in hot water. If you're an iPhone user, I have published another guide on . But in this piece, I'm going to focus on how Android and PC users can navigate this hidden part of the internet. So, are you ready to dive in? Let's demystify the Dark Web together. how to access the dark web on iPhones Disclaimer: This post includes affiliate links If you click on a link and make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you. What’s The Difference Between Surface Web, Deep Web, and Dark Web Before diving deeper, it's helpful to understand the structure of the internet, which I like to compare to an iceberg. At the top, visible above the water, we have the Surface Web, the part of the internet we all know and use daily. It's where you find websites like Google, Facebook, Wikipedia - all the sites indexed by standard search engines. Submerged beneath that is the Deep Web, making up the bulk of the iceberg. The Deep Web includes all the pages not indexed by search engines, including emails in your inbox, your online banking details, or the data behind a paywall. It's not necessarily hidden for sinister reasons, but mostly to protect privacy and security. At the very bottom, we find the Dark Web. It's a small portion of the Deep Web that's been intentionally hidden and is inaccessible through standard web browsers. Here, users can access websites anonymously, which leads us to the next point. Why People Use the Dark Web? The Dark Web may have a bad reputation, but it isn't used solely for illicit activities. The anonymity it provides makes it a valuable tool for many legitimate and important uses. Here are a few: : Journalists and activists, particularly in countries with strict censorship laws, often use the Dark Web to communicate safely and share information without fear of retaliation. Privacy & Freedom of Expression : Platforms like SecureDrop on the Dark Web offer a secure and anonymous way for whistleblowers to share sensitive information with media outlets. Whistleblowing : Law enforcement agencies, researchers, and cybersecurity experts may use the Dark Web in their work, investigating cybercrimes, studying online behavior, or understanding security threats. Research : In countries with restricted internet access, the Dark Web provides an avenue to bypass censorship and access information freely. Circumvent Censorship So, as you see, the Dark Web isn't all shadows and crime - it's also a beacon of freedom for some, lighting the way through the murkier depths of the internet. Safety Measures Before Accessing the Dark Web Imagine you're about to explore a new, uncharted territory. It's thrilling, sure, but also fraught with unexpected hazards. That's exactly what venturing into the Dark Web feels like. And just like any smart explorer, you need your safety gear—in this case, it's all about online safety measures. One of the key tools in your digital survival kit should be a Virtual Private Network, or . Picture a VPN as a secret tunnel that camouflages your online activity. It encrypts your data (think secret code) and masks your location by hiding your IP address, which is essentially your device's ID on the internet. On the Dark Web, a VPN can be your invisible cloak, giving you an additional layer of much-needed anonymity and security. VPN I recommend —it's one of the most secure VPNs out there. NordVPN Next, consider antivirus software. The Dark Web can sometimes feel like a sketchy back alley where you might bump into all sorts of cyber threats. Antivirus software is like your personal bodyguard, spotting and neutralizing these potential threats before they can harm your device. Similarly, a firewall functions as a vigilant sentinel, scrutinizing the data entering and leaving your system, and slamming the door shut on anything suspicious. However, remember, as long as you're using a VPN, an antivirus isn't a must-have unless you're already using one. Lastly, just as you'd regularly service your car before a long journey, make sure your device's software, along with your Dark Web browser, is up to date. Developers constantly fix security loopholes in newer updates that could be exploited by the bad guys if left unattended. The Dark Web is a home for hackers. Depending on what you access and who you talk to, a VPN and Antrivirus software may not be enough to keep your device secure. You should always DYOR and understand the risks associated with browsing The Dark Web. DISCLAIMER: What is Tor? Ever heard of Tor? No, it's not the hammer-wielding Norse god. It's a powerful tool that's essential for those venturing into the Dark Web. , short for The Onion Router, is a unique browser designed to make your online presence anonymous. Tor Picture Tor as an internet superhighway, but instead of a straight line from point A to B, it's a winding path through multiple random points. Your data, or more accurately, the layers of it (hence the 'Onion' in the name), is encrypted and sent through several different servers around the world. At each stop, a layer of encryption is peeled off to reveal the next destination. This process repeats until the data reaches its final destination. Because of this roundabout journey, anyone trying to spy on the data can't trace it back to you. Why is Tor essential for accessing the Dark Web? Simply put, standard browsers like Chrome or Firefox can't access .onion sites, the websites of the Dark Web. Tor, however, can, while also offer a degree of anonymity. Keep in mind that while Tor increases privacy, it doesn't make you entirely untraceable. That's where our trusty friend, the VPN, comes back into play, enhancing your security further. How to Access the Dark Web on a Computer Step 1: Download and Install the Tor Browser To embark on your Dark Web adventure from a computer, your first step is to download and install the Tor browser. Think of it as your compass for navigating the Dark Web. Head over to the official . It's crucial to download it from the official source to avoid any malicious versions of the browser. Once there, select the version that suits your operating system (Windows, MacOS, or Linux), download it, and follow the prompts to install, much like any other browser. Tor Project website Step 2: Tips for Using Tor Safely on a Computer Now that you have Tor installed, here are some tips to use it safely: : As much as possible, avoid sharing any personal details that can be linked back to your real-world identity. Don't Provide Personal Information s: Remember, not all .onion sites are safe or legal. Steer clear of any sites offering illegal services or goods. Stick to Legal Site : To bolster your security, consider disabling JavaScript, as it can be exploited to reveal your identity. You can do this from the Tor's security settings. Disable JavaScript : For an added layer of security, make sure to connect your VPN before opening the Tor browser. Use a VPN ! NordVPN 3 Months Free The Dark Web is a home for hackers. Depending on what you access and who you talk to, a VPN and Antrivirus software may not be enough to keep your device secure. You should always DYOR and understand the risks associated with browsing The Dark Web. DISCLAIMER: Step 3: List of Some .onion Sites and What They Offer (Legal Sites Only) The Dark Web is not all dark. There are several .onion sites offering a range of legal services and resources. Here are a few: : This is the Dark Web version of the popular non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest. ProPublica ( ) https://www.propub3r6espa33w.onion/ : A directory of other .onion sites to help you navigate your way around the Dark Web. The Hidden Wiki ( ) http://zqktlwiuavvvqqt4ybvgvi7tyo4hjl5xgfuvpdf6otjiycgwqbym2qad.onion/wiki/index.php/Main_Page : A privacy-focused search engine that doesn’t track your searches, now available on the Dark Web. DuckDuckGo ( ) http://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ : A whistleblower submission system where media organizations can securely accept documents from anonymous sources. SecureDrop ( ) http://secrdrop5wyphb5x.onion/ How to Access the Dark Web on Android Device To access the Dark Web on Android, you'll need two key apps: Orbot and Orfox. Orbot is like Tor for Android—it connects your device to the Tor network. Orfox, on the other hand, is a web browser that, like the Tor browser, allows you to access .onion sites. Step 1: Install and Use Orbot and Orfox Download Orbot and Orfox from the Google Play Store. They're free and relatively small, so they won't take up much space. Open Orbot and tap "Start". This will connect your device to the Tor network. The process may take a few moments. Once Orbot is connected, you can now open Orfox. Use it just like any other browser, but remember, it's your gateway to the Dark Web, so surf responsibly. Step 2: Safety Measures While Using the Dark Web on Android Even on Android, the basic rules for Dark Web exploration apply: Always use a VPN alongside Orbot and Orfox for enhanced security. Avoid sharing any personal information. Be wary of downloading anything from the Dark Web. Stick to the legal side of the Dark Web. Armed with these guidelines and tools, you can venture into the Dark Web safely, even on an Android device. Remember, always prioritize safety over curiosity. The Dark Web is a vast, uncharted domain—stay safe as you explore its depths. Final Words I'll leave you with this: the Dark Web is not a playground. It's a place that demands respect, caution, and an understanding of the potential risks involved. It's a lot like the deep ocean. There's a lot to discover, but you must always be aware of the potential dangers that lurk beneath. Keep your digital lifejacket on at all times (in the form of a VPN and other security measures), and never forget the rules of safe navigation. Frequently Asked Questions Is it illegal to access the Dark Web? Simply accessing the Dark Web is not illegal. However, many illegal activities take place on the Dark Web, such as the buying and selling of drugs, weapons, and stolen data. Engaging in these activities is illegal, even if they are conducted on the Dark Web. How can I stay safe while browsing the Dark Web? There are several measures you can take to enhance your safety while browsing the Dark Web. These include using a VPN for an extra layer of security, keeping your personal information to yourself, avoiding downloads from the Dark Web, and sticking to legal and reputable sites. Can I use my regular browser to access the Dark Web? No, regular browsers like Chrome, Safari, or Firefox cannot access .onion sites, which are the websites of the Dark Web. The Tor browser is required to access these sites. Are there any risks associated with using the Dark Web? Yes, there are several risks associated with using the Dark Web. These include potential cybersecurity threats like malware and viruses, exposure to illegal activities, and the possibility of stumbling upon disturbing content. Always take precautions to ensure your safety when browsing the Dark Web. What is a VPN and why do I need it for accessing the Dark Web? A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, encrypts your data and hides your IP address, providing you with an extra layer of security and anonymity when browsing the web, including the Dark Web. A VPN can be especially useful on the Dark Web, as it can help protect you from potential surveillance and cyber threats.

How to Access the Dark Web: Methods for Android and PC

Cómo acceder a la web oscura: métodos para Android y PC

Comment accéder au Dark Web : Méthodes pour Android et PC

डार्क वेब तक कैसे पहुंचें: एंड्रॉइड और पीसी के लिए तरीके

ダークウェブにアクセスする方法: Android と PC の方法

Como Acessar a Dark Web: Métodos para Android e PC

Cách truy cập Dark Web: Phương pháp dành cho Android và PC

如何访问暗网：适用于 Android 和 PC 的方法

The world as we know it is changing. In fact, the internet – the very innovation that has changed the world so much – is itself evolving. Over the past year or two, we’ve seen a lot of talk about and why it’s a new frontier of the internet that has everyone excited. The new evolution of the information superhighway is expected to change the way we relate with data and each other on a fundamental level. Listening to the chatter from excited fans, there’s definitely a lot of love for it. Web3 Web3 is expected to change the way the entire internet works. Instead of having to deal with big corporations that take our data and use it for their profit, people will now be able to control their data and who sees it. There is expected to be a greater focus on privacy and user control, as opposed to people having to trust big corporations that have shown time and again that they aren’t the right people for the job. If you’re a player in the digital space, however, you might be feeling confused. How will Web3 change your work and the way you live? Is there a way for you to leverage this technology for your benefit? One of the best ways for creators to get ahead of the curve in Web3 is to find their communities. Just as digital communities have thrived in the current iteration of the internet, they are also expected to dominate when the Web3 revolution comes. We spoke to the creators of WiFi Map, a global connectivity platform that is helping likeminded people to connect and share. 1. What was the vision for WiFi Map? As of our launch on the TrustSwap Launchpad on March 30, WiFi Map is the largest connectivity platform in the Web3 space, and well on the way to becoming one of the biggest apps in the world. We’re very thankful to be in the position we’re in, and we’re incredibly excited for what’s next, but to understand how we got here you have to go back a few years. We're old enough to remember a time when the internet was a place you visited for a short period of time. Maybe you wanted to read the news or check your emails. This might seem hard for younger people to imagine, given that we're now connected to the internet all the time. Traveling was also very different in those days and, while there were some great things about those times, I’m not sure I’d go back now! WiFi Map came into being at a time when smartphones were still a relatively new phenomenon and the app stores were buzzing with new possibilities. We saw that people were sharing information about free public WiFi hotspots with their fellow travelers online and decided to create a global map where we could crowdsource that energy. We created a global, shared map where anybody could add a WiFi hotspot, and millions of people did. Let’s face it – you need the internet to function in today’s world, whether that means showing a boarding pass on your phone to get on a flight, paying your bills and taxes, or communicating with your loved ones. We believe that this makes the internet a fundamental human right. As founders and developers, we think WiFi Map has the potential to help connect the whole world and reach the third of humanity that still doesn’t have a reliable and secure internet connection. 2. What are the media through which communities will be developed with Web3? We’ve been working hard on the community front since we announced the Web3 drive last summer, and we think we’ve done a pretty amazing job since then. We have 15,000 members in our Telegram community and 58,000 on Discord, not to mention our 100,000 Twitter followers. We’re looking forward to seeing how these platforms adapt to Web3, and we’re also on the lookout for exciting new Web3-native social platforms. Community has to be at the heart of any crowdsourced project and we’ve been working with some of our most loyal contributors for years. Our community advisory board is an informal group of top WiFi Map users who we’ve been able to consult with on new ideas and receive all kinds of feedback as the project has grown. This has put us in a great position to ensure that the Web3 shift is as community-powered as possible. Web3 is still a relatively small world, and our own little niche of DeWi, or wireless, is just one part of it. We believe that the network effects from launching $WIFI will help us to put our name out there even more and allow our community to continue to grow organically. We’ll be adding more opportunities for community members to interact inside the app very soon. decentralized 3. With Web3 posing a threat to the fundamental powers that be, how do you view its current integration by Big Tech? There was a really interesting survey last year – I think it was done by Rapid Innovation – which found that almost all Fortune 500 executives think that Web3 will define the next century of business. Some of the world’s biggest companies are embracing Web3 in really interesting ways, whether that’s via collabs, NFT collections, or new payment systems. This being said, I think there are some cases where companies view Web3 as merely a trend and don’t expect that they’ll be engaging with it in the long term. In our case, this couldn’t be further from the truth. We are committed to Web3 as a framework for delivering horizontal, decentralized and democratic ecosystems, and it’s going to allow us to make huge improvements to our core product. There have been lots of amazing new projects in the space, and I think you’ll see more cases like ours in the next few years, where established startups and companies harness the benefits of decentralization at a deeper level. Web 2.0 So I think having a massive existing community and a solidly Web3 approach puts us in a strong position, and I’m really excited to see how we can make the most of the first-mover advantage. 4. How does WiFi Map hope to give its communities benefits and what can it expect in return? The entire philosophy of moving into Web3 and launching $WIFI is baked on the idea of giving back to the community. Our 150 million users and 13 million contributors have helped to build the most successful WiFi finder and one of the biggest travel apps in the world. This represents a significant amount of value, and $WIFI is going to unlock that. Millions of people were already happy to build the app without expecting anything in return, and we’re delighted that we can now thank them with $WIFI rewards, which they can use to access services within our ecosystem like eSIM mobile data. Our iOS and Android development teams did an incredible job of building the $WIFI in-app wallet in such a short space of time and making it fully secure. eSIM is actually one of the most popular features in the WiFi Map app, and a core element of our medium-term plans. By combining millions of WiFi hotspots all over the world with international mobile data coverage, we’re aiming to be people’s primary source of connectivity. There’s a term for this – mobile virtual network operator, or MVNO – and we’re the first one in the Web3 space. With the introduction of lifestyle services like those we announced last year in partnership with power bank sharing companies Chargefon and Fast Energy, we’re on the way to becoming a superapp. In the future, WiFi Map is going to do the job of an entire stack of your favorite apps in one place. Ultimately, we need to show people that our belief in the internet as a fundamental human right means something tangible. As well as broadening opportunities for our existing users, entering the Web3 space means we’ll be able to bring free WiFi to everybody. We’re very excited for the weeks and months to come.

How Digital Communities Can Get First-Mover Advantage with Web3

With over 5 years of experience in chatbot development, I’ve been building on top of GPT models since the early days of GPT2, when it was once considered too dangerous. The introduction of ChatGPT piqued my interest, and I was curious to learn how people perceive this technology and how they plan to use it. In order to gain this knowledge, I offered free development assistance to members of the OpenAI community in exchange for their project insights. In this article, I’ll share what I’ve learned and the tools I’ve created to help others achieve their goals. You can find the OpenAI thread here: . https://community.openai.com/t/let-me-help-you-build-your-project-no-fees/27085 Although ChatGPT is an amazing tool, most users expressed dissatisfaction with two key aspects. Firstly, ChatGPT only includes training data up to 2021, which implies that the model’s responses may be outdated. However, since Microsoft is integrating GPT into Bing, this concern may not be significant for too long. Secondly, users face the challenge of being unable to use ChatGPT with their own data source. Although ChatGPT has been trained on a large amount of data and has a general understanding of our world, it is difficult to train ChatGPT to prioritize its responses to custom data. What is the significance of this? Assume you are a marketer who wants ChatGPT to write blog posts promoting your brand’s products and services. Teaching ChatGPT unique aspects of your brand and including product details that may not be in their training data is not currently possible using OpenAI’s standard API. Similarly, for chatbots to assist with answering customer questions, they must be knowledgeable about the company they represent, or else they will not be effective. After speaking with various users across different industries and use cases, it became clear to me that all their issues could be resolved if they had their own version of ChatGPT. To assist these users, I divided the challenge into two parts. Firstly, generating content on a large scale from their own knowledge base. Secondly, answering questions for themselves or the people they serve using their own knowledge base. Content Generation from Custom Data Source To simplify content generation at scale, I created a Google spreadsheet where users can input their custom data, and the spreadsheet will automatically call OpenAI’s API to generate content in multiple rows. You can download this sheet at . https://community.openai.com/t/google-spreadsheet-gpt3/25460 I chose Google spreadsheets because they’re user-friendly, and you can easily create workflows by chaining together multiple cells. Here’s an example of how you can generate a lot of content using a GPT custom function in Google spreadsheets. In one column, you can input the context, and in the next column, you can ask GPT a question based on that information. This allows you to upload multiple rows of data in one column and receive responses for multiple rows at scale. Additionally, you can chain multiple cells together and create a workflow of GPT calls from your spreadsheet. This is useful when you want to ask GPT a series of questions based on previous answers. ChatGPT Answering on Custom Data Source Many users have expressed interest in using ChatGPT as an extension of their own knowledge base by teaching it information that is currently unavailable to ChatGPT. To help these users achieve this goal, I created a web app that allows users to upload their documents or attach web pages to their library and teach ChatGPT to answer questions using these references. For example, you can attach an article about the LA Lakers trade news and use ChatGPT to reference it and get your questions answered. You can also view the references to see where ChatGPT sourced its answers from. Furthermore, you can export your custom-built ChatGPT as a plugin and embed it onto your website so that others can use it as well. Think of it as a combination of Google Drive and OpenAI ChatGPT. This web app is currently free to use, and you can register at . https://superinsight.ai Utilizing Generative AI to understand data has become increasingly essential for individuals and organizations alike. With the massive amounts of data being generated every day, traditional data analysis techniques are no longer sufficient. Generative AI offers a powerful solution that can analyze and interpret data at scale, providing insights that would be impossible for humans to uncover manually. By leveraging Generative AI, businesses can gain a competitive edge by making data-driven decisions faster and more accurately. Here are two links to the tools discussed in this article 1. Google SpreadSheet + GPT 2. Build Your Own ChatGPT

Lessons Learned From Conducting 100+ ChatGPT User Interviews

The the or the : Each of its names depict a massive potential of impact on humanity. A huge compilation of stories, conversations and cute animals. And hate speech, false narratives. Let’s not forget versions of reality created for politics, and neon, glittery stuff everywhere. Information Superhighway, ‘net World Wide Web The Internet is part of our lives, every single day. It’s changing; and very much like how we can’t sense how our face subtly changes over the years, we can’t feel the change as it happens. Let’s talk about the future of the Internet, reviewing the key occurrences that led to the Internet as we experience it today. Maybe afterwards, in time, we can plan how we may start thinking about the kind of Internet we want to create. Deliberate organization of information Jerry Yang and David Filo, two engineering students, founded . This was a critical moment in time, where a profit-oriented player entered the game to organize the information on the Internet. Their method was to categorize websites into groups expressing the topics they touch upon, such as politics, games or movies. If you love movies, there are tens of pages, interesting stuff to entertain yourself with. Yahoo A marvelous thing! What the Internet enabled us to do The most recent advancements in data science, artificial intelligence, augmented reality usually first translate into cool experiments online. As we wander the Internet’s most popular squares and peek through its alleys, further marvels cross our way. The vast amount of options leave us amazed and oftentimes, cluttering our vision with opportunities to get smarter, connect with others or have some more fun. Or all of it at once. There’s data everywhere, a lot of people are analyzing a lot of interesting things to predict how things will go e.g. in finance, science and physics. With tons of education material online, you can master many crafts relevant in the offline or online world. Here, play your favorite childhood song on a ukulele you ordered online yesterday, and it’s so much fun! Let’s not forget about the AI guy in town that answers all types of questions. Last but not least, you can use your phone camera to place a lion in the middle of your living room. Technology and the Internet’s symbiotic relationships created diverse opportunities for livelihood-making, moments of fun and perhaps most importantly, a sense of belonging. Our techno-archeological footprint Humanity, with our epic tales, quirks, heroes, weirdos & dramas found our place on the Internet. The Internet documented humanity’s best and worst moments. As time marched on, made it easier to tell stories to people, near & far, friends & foes, all day all week. Here’s something my high school best friend ate for lunch in Norway. Oh, and the influencer I’m in a love-hate relationship with just moved to the city I live in. big tech Every post comes with a story. Citing the French philosopher , the writer talks about how we’re left with mini narratives everywhere. There’s no place left for grand narratives, like progress, liberation or salvation, in our footprint. It’s mostly full of our imperfect stories with self-serving, greedy twists. Jean-François Lyotard Peter Brooks Economic impact of The Internet 1999 marked the year online shopping started with . Nowadays, buying something is as simple as it gets. You can shop first or last thing in the day, while you pretend to work, during commute or in the bathtub. a huge burst The Internet is our biggest bazaar, the latest coolest shopping mall in town. There are so many shiny and perfect things. If you buy the right things at the same time, you can be this shiny and perfect, too. Shaping generations Coming of age online means witnessing so much. Bullying, peer pressure and individual complexes. All the while, you’re trying to better understand who you are and build your own narrative for your online self. It’s not an easy task. often counted among the first YouTubers with a lively follower base. He tackles coming of age online in his 2018 movie , and adds: Bo Burnham is Eighth Grade We really do spend so much time building narrative for ourselves, and I sense with people that there was a real pressure to view one’s life as something like a movie. And you better have a strong narrative, or no one might want to watch that movie. Radical emotions, extremist ideas & a mighty tool of mass deceit Do you know what most folks want to watch, or consume online? Things that will bring them to tears, from anger or from sadness. Outrage. Paranoia. Shock. We want to be surprised as we keep learning about the latest absurdities of becoming part of this wonderful mess we found ourselves inhabiting. That’s natural. Things get unnatural as a bunch of paranoid opinions cut through everything else. When people turn to hatefulness to attempt to solve their problems. Hate spreads fast. Also through benevolent sharers who want to point at danger. Algorithms don’t care. If something gets interactions, it will drive profit and deserves a spotlight. Polarization Do you know what else drives profit? When there are more people creating more high-arousal content. Do you know how you get more of those? By putting like-minded individuals into the same groups. Groupthink leads to consensus around more destructive options. This was studied many times, pioneered by on the power of groups. When big tech wants more viral content, putting people with similar views into close circles usually does the trick. It’s human nature. Charming coincidence that this raises profits. Prof Myers’ 1970 study Each of us carries more journalistic power than before when we’re online. Not helping the spread of misinformation, hate speech or any other harmful conversation is part of our responsibility. A hopeful outlook We’re just starting to think more deeply about the type of Internet we want for ourselves. When I say we, I don’t only mean the practitioners intensely involved in co-creating healthy communities. I also mean regular users, who are sick of the flow of non-stop ads. People who have seen enough insincere, self-serving stories of others. Some others want to be loved and perhaps recently started to understand that this isn’t love. Almost ten years ago, Internet experts It may have been that some developments were hindered along the way and some are cooking slower than expected. Still, a couple deserves highlighting in an attempt to sprinkle some hope into our gazing of the future: made predictions for the Internet of 2025. The Internet is blending into the background of our daily lives, giving us quick feedback for better decision-making. Especially in personal health and behavior change, supported by various innovations in user experience blending hardware, software and psychology. We are more aware of the massive disparities in access to health care, clear water, education, food, and human rights. There are more opportunities to come together for collective action to make sure all living beings lead more ecologically sustainable, dignified and fulfilling lives. , pioneer Internet activist and Internet rights advocate, fathomed that there would be many fragments of the Internet, controlled by a diverse set of protocols. It’s never too late to think about which fragments we each want to be a part of, and how we can make sure it’s as open, free, and as respectful and factual in its sociality as possible. Ian Peters Further references If you find yourself further pondering about all this, you may like what the following organizations have to say: World Wide Web Foundation Electronic Frontier Foundation Internet Engineering Task Force Community Data Science Collective Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society

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